19 6 2007 6 PROGRESS IN CHEMISTRY Vol. 19 No. 6 June, 2007 3 ( ) 3 3 ( 100081) 2 : O614181 ; TB383 ; TM27 : A : 10052281X(2007) 0620884209 The Preparation Methods of Magnetite Nanoparticles and Their Morphology Yu Wenguang Zhang Tonglai 3 3 Zhang Jianguo Guo Jinyu Wu Ruifeng (State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China) Abstract Magnetite nanoparticles have been intensively concerned and researched in recent years due to their special properties in chemistry and physics and future applications in biology and medicine. More and more attentions have been paid to preparation methods as well as morphologic manipulation of magnetite nanoparticles since the characters and applications of magnetite nanoparticles are usually decided by their preparation method and shape. In this paper, preparation methods of magnetite nanoparticles are summarized, including DC arc plasma method, thermal decomposition method, ball milling method, co2precipitation method, hydrothermal method, sol2gel method, electrochemical process, micro2emulsion, template method and so on. The current work of authors in preparing magnetite nanoparticles with various morphologies such as octahedron, foursquare and polyhedron is presented. Such magnetite nanoparticles with novel octahedral shapes was synthesized and reported by authors for the first time, so did the foursquare and polyhedral magnetite nanoparticles. The development trends of methods of preparing magnetite nanoparticles are also discussed. Key words nanoparticles ; magnetite ; preparation methods ; morphology 1 ( ) : (1) ; (2), ; (3) ; (4) [1 7 ],, : 2006 7, : 2006 10 3 (No. 20471008) 3 3 e2mail :ztlbit @bit. edu. cn Fe 3 O 4,
6 ( ) 885 2, ( ) ( ) [12 ],,,300, ;,,, [13 ] FeCl 2 4H 2 O PVA ( ) 100 12h,600 40nm 211 21111 21113 Balasubramaniam [8 ] Gerardo [14 ] 015m, 7 10nm Fe 3 O 4, [9 ] Fe 3 O 4,, Balasubramaniam 212 FeC,, Fe 2 + Fe 3 + Fe 3 O 4 21211, Fe 2 + Balasubramaniam Fe 3 + 1 2 ; 21112, 2121111 [10 ] Fe 2 + Fe 3 +, 1 2 Fe 2 + Fe 3 +,, Fe 2 + Fe 3 +, : [11, ] Fe 2 + + 2Fe 3 + + 8OH - + 4H 2 O, [ Fe 2 (C 2 O 4 ) 3 nh 2 O ], 473K,, [15] [16] FeCl 2 4H 2 O
886 19 FeCl 3 6H 2 O NH 3 H 2 O NaOH [17] [18] FeSO 4 7H 2 O FeCl 3 6H 2 O NaOH NH 3 H 2 O ( ) Fe 2 + Fe 3 +, ( ), 70 90, [19] [25 ] 1 Fe 2 + Fe 3 + (Fig. 1 Reaction apparatus of precipitation with forced mixing. ) 1. valve, 2. water bath, 3. ferroas and ferric solution, 4. NaOH 25nm [20] solution,5. controlled thermometer,6. reactor,7. stirrer,8. reflux condenser,9. electrical heater [25 ], Li [27 ] Aono [21], FeO (OH), Wang [ 28 ] : (1), (2),, Fe 2 + Fe 3 +, Fe 2 + Fe 3 + 1 2, 2121112 2 2 Fe 2 + [22 ],,Fe 2 + Fe 2 + Fe 3 +, Fe (OH) 2 ( ),2Π3 Fe (OH) 2 [23 ] [24 ], : Zhu [25 ] Fe 2 + + 2OH - Fe (OH) 2 ph 6Fe (OH) 2 + O 2 2 + 6H 2 O [29 ] FeSO 4 7H 2 O NaOH,, O 2 20nm ph [30 ], Zhu 1, Fe 2 + Fe 3 + ph, Thapa [31 ] 80 90, NH 3 H 2 O FeCl 2 H 2 O, Vayss res [26 ]
6 ( ) 887 Fe 2 + Thapa, ( 3b) Chen [32 ], 3 (a) [35 ] ( b) [29 ] 2 (NH 4 ) 2 Fe (SO 4 ) 2,O 2 ; Fig. 3 Magnetite nanoparticles prepared by nitrate2oxidized (a) [35 ] or air2oxidized method (b) [29 ], Fe 3 + 1Π3 Fe 3 +,Fe 2 + Fe 3 + 1 2,Fe 2 + Fe 3 + [32 ] 2 Chen Fig. 2 A novel apparatus designed by Chen [32 ] : Fe 3 + + e - Fe 2 + Fe 2 + + 2Fe 3 + + 8OH - + 4H 2 O Qu [36 ] Na 2 SO 3 Fe 3 +,NH 3 H 2 O [ Fe 3 + ][ SO 2-3 ] [ Fe 3 + ]Π[ SO 2-3 ] = 3, Qu [36 ],Na 2 SO 3 [37 ] Na 2 SO 3 (O 2 ),, [33 H 2 O 2 ] H 2 O 2 2 2,20K Verwey ; Verwey Kumar [34 ] 21212 H 2 O 2, Fe 2 + Fe 3 + 1 2 H 2 O 2 ph, [35 ], FeSO 4 7H 2 O NaOH O 2 H 2 O 2,,SEM ( 3a) FeCl 3,, ( 3b) Khollam [38 ] 2121113 2 (MARS25) FeSO 4 7H 2 O FeCl 3 6H 2 O
888 19 NaOH 90 200 ph 10 FeΠNaOH > 01133 50mA :6Fe + 8H 2 O = 2 Fan [39 ],FeSO 4 7H 2 O NaOH,Na 2 S 2 O 3 1molΠL NaCl KCl ph [40 ] 21214, FeCl 2 4H 2 O NaOH,H 2 O 2 Diamandescu [41 ],FeSO 4 NaOH, Fe (OH) 2 ( Cr Ni Mo) Ni2Cr Ni2Al Liu [49 ] NaOH DBSΠ Π Fe 2 + WΠO NaOH Fe 3 + FeCl 3 FeCl 2 [42 Chen 44 ] NaOH, FeCl 2 4H 2 O NaOH,FeCl 2 4H 2 O NaOH H 4 N 2 4H 2 O,FeCl 3 6H 2 O H 4 N 2 4H 2 O,,NaOH, AEO 3 + TX 10,, Fe 2 + Fe 3 + ( 1 2), NaOH ( 25 40nm ) Si [45 ] [51 ] FeCl 3 6H 2 O FeCl 2 4H 2 O,FeCl 3 6H 2 O Fe,180 190 NH 3 H 2 O,, 10nm (AOT), Pinna [46 ] 15nm 175 200, 8 25nm,, ( ), ;, ;,, 21215 21213,, Franger [47 ] Morais [52 ] 2 4cm 2 ( ), FeSO 4 1h,, NaCl Na 2 SO 4 NaSCN, KNO 3 + 8H 2 Wang [48 ] 50Hz,, [50 ] FeSO 4 7H 2 O Fe (NO 3 ) 3, Rabelo
6 ( ) 889 [53 ] 2 2,97 % ; ; Fe 2 + Fe 2 +, KOH NaNO 3, Chen [54 ] 242, 242 21217 Shchukin [55 ] Fe 3 O 4, 4 [55 ] 4 21216 2 Fe 2 + Fe 3 + [65 1 2 ] [66 ] ph, Gun ko [57 ] [65 72 ] Wu [5 ] [ Fe (O t Bu) 3 Na ( THF) ] 2 2 (5a) Wang KNO 3 FeSO 4,, Li [59 ] N 2,FeCl 3 6H 2 O 22,,24h [60 ] 22 Fig. 4 Magnetite nanoparticles loaded in polyelectrolyte capsules [55 ] 11nm 22 Si [56 ] (, 22 ) FeSO 4 22 ( ), [61 ], 10nm 30min ph 1h Sun [62 ] 1,22,150 20nm, [63 ], [64 ], 3 [58 ] KOH [28 ],, (5b) Chen [32 ] 90 4h (5c) Kumar [34 ] 2 OH - Fe 2 +, (5d) Liu [63 ]
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