2009, 36 (10) : 1405-1410 Acta Horticulturae Sinica 1, 2, 13, 1, 3 ( 1, 271018;, 310058) 2, 276001; 3 : 2 (M alus dom estica Borkh. ),,,,, 3, 7819%, 17010%, 18014%,, 29912% 3,,,,, : ; ; ; ; ; : S 66111: A : 05132353X (2009) 1021405206 Effects of Earthworm on B iolog ica l Character istics of So il and the Growth of Apple Trees SHEN W ei2bao 1, 2, YANG Hong2qiang 13, Q IAO Hai2tao 1, and SHEN J ie 3 ( 1 S tate Key Laboratory of C rop B iology, Shandong A gricultural U niversity, Taiπan, Shandong 271018, China; 2 L inyi A gricultu2 ral B ureau, L inyi, Shandong 276001, China; 3 Chu Kochen Honors College, Zhejiang U niversity, Hangzhou 310058, China) Abstract: The effects of earthworm on soil enzyme activities, m icrobiom ass carbon, m icrobiomass nitro2 gen and the growth of app le tree were studied by pot experiment, using the orchard cinnamon soil, brown soil and fluvo2aquic soil and two2year old Red Fuji app le (M alus dom estica Borkh. ) trees asmaterials. The re2 sults showed that the earthworm enhanced the activities of soil urease, acid phosphatase and alkalin phospha2 tase, and increased m icrobiom ass nitrogen in the three kinds of soils, in which the urease activity in brown soil, the alkalin phosphatase activity in fluvo2aquic soil and the m icrobiom ass nitrogen in brown soil increased 7819%, 17010% and 18014% respectively. The treatm ent of earthworm increased the m icrobiom ass carbon in cinnamon soil and fluvo2aquic soil, and the increased degree of that in fluvo2aquic soil is the largest, which reached 29912%. The root activity, root growth and new shoots growth of the app le trees in the soils treated by earthworm increased significantly; The root activity in brown soil, the grow th of root in cinnamon soil and the growth of new shoots in fluvo2aquic soil were the highest respectively in the three kinds of soils treated by earthworm. Key words: app le; soil; earthworm; enzym e; m icrobiomass carbon; m icrobiomass nitrogen,, ( Sparling, 1992; Doran et al., 1996),, ( : 2009-04 - 14; : 2009-08 - 24 : (30671452; 30571285) 3 Author for correspondence ( E2mail: labft@ sdau1edu1cn; hqyang@ sdau1edu1cn)
1406 36, 2008) Hallaire (2000) Yelinda (2004),,, ; (Mulongoy & Bedoret, 1989), (, 2002; Yelinda et al., 2004),,,, (, 2005),,,, 3,,,,, 1 111, 1 / ( g kg - 1 ) O rganic matter 1 Table 1 Sta tus of so il nutr ien t / (mg kg - 1 ) A lkali2hydrolyzable N / (mg kg - 1 ) Available P / (mg kg - 1 ) Available K Cinnamon soil 20181 6613 1611 15613 7198 Fluvo2aquic soil 8151 2612 418 9518 7151 B rown soil 9120 4813 1312 13214 6165 ph 2 (M alus dom estica Borkh. ), (M alus hupenhensis Rhed. ) ; 30 cm, 30 cm, 25 kg 6, 110 112 g, 112 2007 3 013 cm, 12%, 2, 25, 015 mm ;, 5 113 2007,,,, 2 mm,, 4, K 2 SO 4, K 2 Cr 2 O 7, FeSO 4,, 3, 0138 510 (, 2006), NH 4 + - N ;, 24 h (, 1980) (, 1983)
10 : 1407 114 2007,, W inrh IZO22007, ( TTC) (, 2003) 2007 115 DPS 210, Duncanπs 2 211 21111, ( Pascual, et al., 2002) 2,,,, ;, 3, ( 7819% ) ; ( 1412% ), (5316% ),,, Treatment 2 Table 2 Effects of the earthworm on so il enzym e activ ities / (mg g - 1 d - 1 ) U rease Acid phosphatase Cinnamon soil Earthworm 1193a 1124c 1145c Control 1169b 1108d 1131d Fluvo2aquic soil Earthworm 0143c 1125c 2143a Control 0128e 0182e 0190e B rown soil Earthworm 0134d 2186a 2131b Control 0119f 2173b 1131d : P < 0105 Note: Values followed by different letters imply significantly differences at P < 0105 level in columns. The same below. A lkaline phosphatase 21112,,, (Cesare et al., 2000; Pascual, et al., 2002) 2, 3,,, 3, (5214% ) ; (1418% ) ; 3, (170% ),,,, (7613% ), (414% ),,, 212 21211, (J imenez et al., 2002;, 2006) 1,, ;,,, 29912%,, ( 1)
1408 36 21212, (Macarty et al., 1998) 1,, ;, 7216% 4712% 18014% F ig. 1 1 Effects of the earthworm on so il m icrob ioma ss carbon and m icrob ioma ss n itrogen 213 21311, 3,, ; 3,, 10414% 21015% 3310%, 9313% 15419% 416%, 7811% 8610% 2016%, 7711% 3517% 5212%,, Treatment 3 Table 3 Effects of the earthworm on the growth of apple roots / ( g g - 1 h - 1 ) Root activity Tip / cm Root length / cm 2 Root surface area / cm 3 Root volume Cinnamon soil Earthworm 26199b 159 919a 37 309119a 5 584112a 66150a Control 26193b 78 229e 20 837134e 3 135185d 37156c Fluvo2aquic soil Earthworm 22187c 135 037b 28 713124b 3 733197c 38164c Control 17147d 43 486f 11 264164f 2 007196e 28147d B rown soil Earthworm 33115a 119 941c 24 364157c 4 198183b 60122b Control 28158b 90 208d 23 291190d 3 480159cd 39156c 21312 (, 2007),,,,,, ; ( 4),
10 : 1409 4 Table 4 Effects of the earthworm on the growth of apple new shoots Treatment /g W eight of new shoots /cm D iameter of new shoots Cinnamon soil Earthworm 20513b 1160a 31512b Control 14512d 1122c 26711c Fluvo2aquic soil Earthworm 22017a 1160a 37915a Control 13517d 1130bc 23717d B rown soil Earthworm 16514c 1140b 28116c Control 16011c 1120c 26217c /cm Total length of new shoots 3,,, ;,,,,,, 3, ( 2), ( Franzluebbers & A rshad, 1997),,, ( Franzluebbers & A rshad, 1997; Roscoe et al., 2000) ;,, (B rown et al., 2000; Zhang et al., 2000), ( 1),,, 3, ( 1),,,,, 3,,,,, (B rown et al., 2004), ;,,,, ( Tomati & Galli, 1995;, 2002) ;,,,, References B rown G G, BaroisL, Lavelle P. 2000. Regulation of soil organic matter dynam ics and m icrobial activity in the drilosphere and the role of interac2 tions with other edaphic functional domains. European Journal of Soil B iology, 36: 177-198. B rown G G, Edwards C A, B russaard L. 2004. How earthworm s affect p lant growth: Burrowing into the mechanism s Edwards C A. Earthworm ecology. Boca Raton: CRC Press LLC: 13-49. Cesare F D, Garzillo A M V, Buonocore V. 2000. U se of sonication formeasuring acid phosphatase activity in soil. SoilB iology and B iochemistry, 32: 825-832. Doran J W, Sarrantonio M, L iebigm A. 1996. Soil health and sustainability. Advances in Agronomy, 56: 1-54.
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