( polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons,

2009, 25 (4) : 72-76 Journal of Ecology and Rural Environm ent 1, 2, 1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 3 (11 / -, 210008; 21, 712100; 31, 100049) :, (AM ) ( PAH s), AM (Glom us caledonium ) 36 AM, 36 AM, AM PAH s, 2 36 60 PAH s 4213% 4111%, 36,, 36, 60 PAH s AM ( P < 0105), AM PAH s : ; ; ; ; : X172; X53 : A : 1673-4831 (2009) 04-0072 - 05 Effects of Arbuscular M ycorrh iza l Fung i on Phytorem ed ia tion of PAHs2Con tam ina ted So il by M edicago sa tiva and L olium m uh iflorum. YANG Ting 1, 2, L IN X ian2gui 1, HU Jun2li 1, ZHANG J ing 1, LΒ J ia2long 2, WANG Jun2hua 1, L I Xuan2 zhen 1, 3 (1. State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences/ Joint Open Laboratory of Soil and the Environment, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Hongkong Bap tist University, Nanjing 210008, China; 2. College of Resources & Environment, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China; 3. Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China) Abstract: A greenhouse pot2experiment was carried out to investigate effects of indigenous and exogenous arbuscular my2 corrhizal fungi (AMF) on phytoremediation of PAH s2contam inated soil bym edicago sativa and Lolium m uhiflorum. Inocu2 lation of exogenous Glom us caledonium 36 enhanced significantly AMF infection rate ofm. sativa and L. m uhiflorum ( P < 0105), and p lant biomass as well, while inoculation of indigenous AMF alone or together with G. caledonium 36 did not show any positive effect on the AMF infection and p lant biomass, and even decreased AMF infection rate of L. m uhiflorum at its seedling stage. Planting M. sativa and L. m uhiflorum stimulated PAH s degradation ( P < 0105), which reached 4213% and 4111%, respectively on D60 after inoculation with G. caledonium 36, suggesting the significant effect of the strain. However, inoculation of indigenous AM F did not have such effect. Inoculation with indigenous AMF and G. caledo2 nium together did not show much effect on M. sativa in the soil, but did on L. m uhiflorum degrading PAH s on D60. A sig2 nificant positive correlation was observed between degradation rate of PAH s in the soil and AM F infection rate in the p lant roots ( P < 0105), suggesting that AMF infection can increase the phytoremediation efficiency of PAH s2contam inated soil. Key words: arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons ( PAH s) ; phytoremediation; M edicago sa2 tiva; Lolium m uhiflorum ( polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, PAH s), [ 1 ],, : ( 863 ) (2007AA061101) ; (40801091) : 2009-04 - 02 E2mail: xglin@ issas. ac. cn

4 : 73, [ 2-3 ] PAH s,, PAH s, [ 4-5 ],, 2 [ 6-7 ], PAH s [ 8-9 ],, [ 10 ],, PAH s ( arbuscular mycorrhiza, AM ), 80%, [ 11 ] AM [ 12-13 ],,, [ 14 ], AM PAH s [ 15-16 ], PAH s, PAH s,, PAH s PAH s, [ 17 ], AM AM,, AM PAH s, AM (M edicago sativa) (L olium m uhiflorum ) PAH s, PAH s 1 1. 1 (0 20 cm ),, 2 mm, : 1912 g kg - 1, N 1129 g kg - 1, P 0148 g kg - 1, K 1412 g kg - 1, N 7814 mg kg - 1, P 3156 mg kg - 1, K 8610 mg kg - 1, PAH s 1313 mg kg - 1, ph 614 AM (Glom us caledonium ) 36 PAH s AM,, (Sorghum sudanese) AM 1. 2, 2 4 : 36 50% 36 + 50%, 1, 4 ( 14 cm 17 cm 12 cm), 1. 6 kg, AM 100 g ( ), 300 g, 50%, 10% H 2 O 2 10 m in, 24 h,, 1, 8, 30 60 4 ( ),,, 0184 mm, PAH s 1. 3 AM [ 18 ], [ 19 ] PAH s [ 20 ] HPLC [ 21 ] PAH s : 416 mm 250 mm C18 PAH s ;, V ( ) V ( ) = 70 30; 1 ml m in - 1 ; 30 ; 10 L 1. 4 Excel 2003, SPSS 1115 (Duncan, P < 0105) PAH s ( ) AM (, P < 0105) 2 2. 1 AM AM 30 60 AM 1 2

74 25 AM AM, AM, AM, 36 AM ( P < 0105), 36, 36 AM ( P < 0105), 36 30 ( P < 0105), 60, AM 2, 36 AM, 36,,, AM, AM [ 22 ] AM, AM, AM AM, 2 ; 36 36, 30, 60 PAH s, AM, 36 ( P < 0105), 36, ( P < 0105), 36 30 ( P < 0105), 36, ( P < 0105), 60 4, AM, 36 2,, 36 2 2 F ig. 2 Effects of d ifferen t inocula tion s on plan t b ioma ss 1 AM F ig. 1 Effects of d ifferen t inocula tion s on arbuscular m ycorrh iza l fung i ( AM F) infection ra te in plan t roots 2. 2 AM 30 60 2 2, 2,,, [ 23 ] AM [ 24 ], PAH s ( 2 000 mg kg - 1 ) [ 25 ], 36, ( 30 ) AM, AM, 36, AM AM ; 36,

4 : 75 36 2. 3 PAHs AM 30 60 PAH s 3 30 60 PAH s 1616% 2119%, PAH s ; PAH s ( P < 0105), PAH s 2 AM PAH s : 36 PAH s ( P < 0105), 30 60 3416% 4213%, 36 ; 36 36 60 PAH s ( P < 0105), 4111%,, 36 PAH s,, ; PAH s, AM, 36 36, [ 8 ] 45 d, [ 9 ] [ a ] 11% 23% JONER [ 26 ] 2 ( 12 PAH s, 400 2 000 mg kg - 1 ), 26 AM PAH s, AM, 60 PAH s 1111% 1113%, AM PAH s PAH s AM 4 4,, PAH s ( y) AM ( x ) ( : r = 0196, P = 0100; : r = 0174, P = 0104), AM, AM PAH s, AM,, ;, AM,, [ 16 ] 3 3 PAHs F ig. 3 Effects of d ifferen t inocula tion s on degrada tion ra te of PAHs, PAH s (1) 36 AM, ; 36 AM, AM (2) PAH s, 36,, 36 60 (3), PAH s AM ( P < 0105), AM PAH s

76 25 4 PAHs AM F ig. 4 Rela tion sh ip between degrada tion ra te of PAHs and arbuscular m ycorrh iza l fung i ( AM F) infection ra te in plan t roots : [ 1 ],,,. ( PAH s) [ J ]., 2006, 27 (7) : 1269-1275. [ 2 ],,. [ J ]., 2007, 23 ( 2) : 71-75. [ 3 ],,. ( PAH s) [ J ]., 2005, 21 ( 2) : 66-69, 73. [ 4 ],,. [ J ]., 2002, 13 (4) : 501-504. [ 5 ]. [ J ]., 2002, 3 (8) : 36-40. [ 6 ] CERN IGL IA C E. B iodegradation of Polycyclic A romatic Hydro2 carbon: A Review[ J ]. B iodegradation, 1992, 3 (2 /3) : 351-368. [ 7 ],,. [ J ]., 2001, 27 (5) : 105-108. [ 8 ],,,. [ J ]., 2005, 24 ( 3 ) : 498-502. [ 9 ],,,. [ a ] [ J ]., 2007, 26 (2) : 526-532. [ 10 ],,,. [ J ]., 2003, 4 ( 6) : 30-36. [ 11 ] SM ITH S E, READ D J. Mycorrhizal Symbiosis [M ]. London: Academ ic Press, 1997: 933. [ 12 ],,,. DEHP [ J ]., 2006, 26 (10) : 1651-1657. [ 13 ],. [ J ]., 2001, 17 (1) : 56-59. [ 14 ],,,. [ J ]., 2001, 2 (5) : 20-24. [ 15 ],,,. [ J ]., 2008, 27 (5) : 1705-1710. [ 16 ],,. [ a ] [ J ]., 2004, 41 ( 3 ) : 337-342. [ 17 ],,. VA [ J ]., 2000, 26 (6) : 874-878. [ 18 ] PH ILL IPS J M, HAYMAN D S. Improved Procedures for Clearing Roots and Staining Parasitic and Vesicular2A rbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi for Rapid A ssessment of Infection [ J ]. Transactions of the B ritish Mycological Society, 1970, 55 (1) : 158-160. [ 19 ]. [M ]. :, 2000: 302-304. [ 20 ],,. [ J ]., 1994, 10 (6) : 27-28. [ 21 ],,. ( PAH s) [ J ]., 1995, 6 ( 1) : 92-96. [ 22 ],,. - - [ J ]., 2006, 25 (3) : 327-333. [ 23 ] GIAN INAZZI S, SEHUEPP H. Impact of A rbuscular Mycorrhizas on Sustainable Agriculture and Natural Ecosystem s [ M ]. Basel: B irkhauser Vedag Publisher, 1994: 226. [ 24 ] HE INONSALO J, JORGENSEN K S, HAAHTELA K, et al. Effects of Pinusylwstris Root Growth and Mycorrhizosphere Development on Bacterial Carbon Source U tilization and Hydrocarbon Oxidation in Forest and Petroleum Contam inated Soils[ J ]. Canadian Journal of M icrobiology, 2000, 46 (5) : 451-464. [ 25 ] LEYVAL C, B INET P. Effect of Polyaromatic Hyrdrocarbons in Soil on A rbuscularmycorrhizal Plants[ J ]. Journal of Environmen2 tal Quality, 1998, 27 (2) : 402-407. [ 26 ] JONER E L, LEYVAL C. Rhizosphere Gradients of Polycyclic A r2 omatic Hydrocarbon ( PAH ) D issipation in Two Industrial Soils and the Impact of A rbuscular Mycorrhiza[ J ]. Environmental Sci2 ence & Technology, 2003, 37 (11) : 2371-2375. : ( 1984 ),,,, E2mail: lieryangting @ 163. com