ISIC E24, F31, L6, C23 1. Email: ehadian@rose.shirazu.ac.ir 2. Email: mahbobe.jafari@gmail.com 3.The export volume channel 4. The labour intensy channel 5.Efficiency channel
ISIC
(Frenkel & Ros, 26: 634) (Frenkel and Ros, 26: 635) 2. Real depreciation
(Appleyard and Field, 1995: 16) 1.Greenaway et al. 2.Fu and Balasubramanyam 3. Kruger 4. Balassa
.(Lee and Jansen, 27: 19/2) Ibid. 27 (Hue, 27: 18/341)
1.Branson and Love 2.Campa and Goldberg 3.Koren 4.Kandil and Mirzaie
LMIS 1.Klein et al. 2.Filiztekin 3.Nucci and Alberto Puzzelo
1.Frenkel and Ros 2.Faria, and. Leon Ledesma 3.Galindo et al. 4.Error correction model
. (VAR) 1. Hue
ISIC ISIC γ α β Q = A K N Q K N α t i γ β γ α W = β A K N C β 1 γ α 1 β = α A K t N C W α N W Q ) γ α β = A ( N β C Ln N = φ + φ1 Ln Q + φ2 Ln + W C e 1.Milner and Wright
φ = ( α ( Ln α Ln β ) + γ LnA ) /( α + β ), φ = 1/( α + β ), 1 φ = α /( α + β ) Ln e 2 = + φ1 Ln Q + φ2 Ln N φ Ln KL + e KL φ Ln N Ln KL + e = + φ11 Ln DQ + φ12 LnX + φ2 1.Milner and Wright 2. Goldberg and Tracy 3.Lieichenko and Silva
X DQ A δ δ 1 δ 2 A ( ) ( ), = e X Y ER δ 1 > δ 2 > ER XY Ln N * γδ /( α + β), δ = γδ /( α + β) φ2ln KL + δ1 Ln XY + δ 2 Ln ER + e * * * ϕ = α (lnα + ln β) /( α + β), δ = γδ /( α + β), δ = 1 * * * = φ + δ + φ Ln DQ 2 11 2 * + φ LnX φ 12 12 + 1 φ 2 δ 2 δ 1 I.S.I.C, REV.3 1.export penetration 2.Milner and Wright
T
N N.. 2.System of National Accounts
ISIC I t λ t = I e λ I t I t dk I t = dt k = I I λ λ t t dt = I e = K t = K + I ( δ K ) t 1 t t δ
ISIC (Hsiao, 23) (6) (7) (8) 256/8 332/19 342/88 * Ε( U X ) = X ISIC ISIC ISIC ISIC ISIC 2.Breusch and Pagan
Ε( U X ) 2 χ (8) (7) (6) 28.9* 49.39* 53.21* F (Hsiao, 23)
F 4 F 3 F 1 F (6) f1(4,84) f3(6,84) f4(2,124) -1.34 1.52 29.37* (7) f1(6,63) f3(8,63) f4(2,123) -.87.71 52.77* (8) f1(1,21) f3(12,63) f4(2,121) -.17.6 56.2* 2.Pooled data 4. Levin and Lin
ln Q ln KL ln DQ ln X ln XY ln ER t φ ln Q ln KL 2 R (prob) 2 = R = 1. Cross-Section Weights
φ ln DQ ln KL ln X 2 R 2 = R = (prob)
A φ + * * δ lnkl ln DQ ln X ln XY ln ER 2 R 2 = R = (prob)
ISIC
8. Alexandre, F; Bação, P; Cerejeira, J. and Portela, M; 21, Employment, exchange rates and labour market rigidy, IZA Discussion Paper, No. 4891. 9. Appleyard, D. R. and Alfred, J. F; 1995, International economy: Trade Theory and Policy, Library of Congress, USA. 1. Bahmani-Oskooee, M; Mirzaie, I. A. and Meza, I; 27, Sectoral employment, wages and the exchange rate evidence from the US, Eastern Economic Journal, Vol. 33, No. 1, pp. 125-136. 11. Balassa, B; 1978, Exports and economic growth: Further evidence, Journal of Development Economics, Vol. 5, pp. 181-189.
12. Baltagi, B; 25, Econometric analysis of panel data, Torento, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 13. Branson, W. H. and Love, J. P; 1987, The real exchange rate and employment in US manufacturing: State and regional results, NBER Working Paper Series, No. 2435. 14. Campa, J. M. and Goldberg, L. S; 21, Employment versus wage adjustment and the US dollar, The Review of Economics and Statistics, Vol. 83, No. 3, pp. 477-489. 15. Faria, R. and Leon Ledesma, M. A; 25, Real exchangerate and employment performance in an open economy, Research in Economics, Vol. 59, pp. 67-8. 16. Filiztekin, A; 24, Exchange rates and employment in Turkish manufacturing, Sabanci Universy Discussion Paper Series, No. 45. 129.3.2.41/eps/if/papers/51/514.pdf. 17. Frenkel, R. and Ros, J; 25, Unemployment and real exchange rate in Latin America, World Development, 25, Vol. 34, No. 4, pp.631-646. 18. Frenkel, R; 24, eal exchange rate and employment in Argentina, Brazil, Chile and Mexico. http://www.g24.org/fren94.pdf. 19. Fu X. L. and Balasubramanyam, V. N; 25, Exports, foreign direct investment and employment: The case of China, The World Economy, Vol. 28, NO. 4, pp. 67-625. 2. Galindo, A; Izquierdo, A. and Montero, J. M; 27, Real exchange rates, dollarization and industrial employment in Latin America, Emerging Markets Review, Vol. 8, pp. 284 298. 21. Goldberg, L. and Tracy. J; 1999, The Mechanisms for exchange rate and wage interaction. http://www.nber.org/~confer/99/isi99/goldberg.pdf. 22. Greenaway, D. R ; Hine, R. and Wright, P; 1999, An empirical assessment of the impact of trade on employment in the Uned Kingdom, European Journal of Polical Economy, Vol. 15, pp. 485-5. 23. Hsiao, C; 23, Analysis of Panel data, Cambridge Universy Press, Cambridge. 24. Hue, P; 27, Real exchange rate and manufacturing employment in China, China Economic Review,Vol. 18, pp. 335-353. 25. Kandil, M. and Mirzaie, I; 23, The effects of dollar appreciation on sectoral labor market adjustments: Theory and evidence, The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, Vol. 43, pp. 89 117. 26. Klein, M; Scott, S. and Triest, R; 23, Job creation, job destruction, and real exchange rate, Journal of International Economics, No. 59, pp. 239-265. 27. Koren, M; 21, Employment response to real exchange rate movements: Evidence from Hungarian exporting firms, Hungarian Statistical Review, Vol. 79 (S6), pp. 24-44. 28. Kruger, A; 198, Trade policy as an input to development, American Economic Review, Vol. 7, pp. 288-292. 29. Lee, E. and Jansen, M; 27,Trade and employment, A joint study of the International Labour Office and the Secretariat of the World Trade Organization. 3. Leichenko, R. and Silva, J; 24, International trade, employment and earnings: Evidence from US rural countries, Regional Studies, Vol. 38, No. 4, pp.355-374. 31. Milner, C. and Wright, P; 1998, Modeling labour market adjustment to trade liberalization in an industrializing economy, Economic Journal, Vol. 18, pp. 59 528. 32. Nucci, F. and Puzzelo, F. A; 24, The effects of exchange rate fluctuations on employment an analysis wh firm-level panel data. www.dse.uniba./convegni/.../nucci%2pozzolo%2-%224.6.24.pdf