LEAF TRACE LEAF TRACE LEAF TRACE LEAF TRACE

LEAF TRACE LEAF TRACE LEAF TRACE LEAF TRACE

LEAF TRACE LEAF TRACE LG LEAF TRACE LEAF TRACE

LEAF GAP LEAF GAP VB LEAF GAP LEAF GAP

VASCULAR BUNDLE VASCULAR BUNDLE M VASCULAR BUNDLE VASCULAR BUNDLE

MERISTELE MERISTELE MERISTELE MERISTELE

? MERISTELE MERISTELE AMPHIPHOLIC DICTYOSTELE

LG? AMPHIPHOLIC DICTYOSTELE

? LEAF GAP AMPHIPHOLIC DICTYOSTELE

LT? AMPHIPHOLIC DICTYOSTELE

^ LEAF TRACE AMPHIPHOLIC DICTYOSTELE

RHIZOME

NON-FERTILE FRONDS MATURE SPOROPHYTE L NODE SPOROPHYLL FROND CIRCINATE VERNATION RHIZOME ADVENTITOUS ROOTS

NON-FERTILE FRONDS MATURE SPOROPHYTE E NODE SPOROPHYLL FROND CIRCINATE VERNATION LATERAL GROWTH ADVENTITOUS ROOTS

NON-FERTILE FRONDS MATURE SPOROPHYTE SPOROPHYLL FROND CIRCINATE VERNATION EXTENSIVE BRANCHING NODE ADVENTITOUS ROOTS

EXTENSIVE LATERAL RHIZOME ^

FROND ^

PHYLLOTAXY

1 MATURE SPOROPHYTE SPOROPHYLL FROND IMMATURE FROND RHIZOME NODE ADVENTITOUS ROOTS

1 FROND PER NODE MATURE SPOROPHYTE A NODE SPOROPHYLL FROND IMMATURE FROND RHIZOME ADVENTITOUS ROOTS

ALTERNATE PHYLLOTAXY MATURE SPOROPHYTE ^ NODE SPOROPHYLL FROND IMMATURE FROND RHIZOME ADVENTITOUS ROOTS

VERNATION

ALTERNATE PHYLLOTAXY MATURE SPOROPHYTE SPOROPHYLL FROND IMMATURE FROND RHIZOME NODE ADVENTITOUS ROOTS

FIDDLEHEAD C

CV FIDDLEHEAD CROZIER

^ FIDDLEHEAD CROZIER CIRCINATE VERNATION

MORPHOLOGY ^

L FROND MORPHOLOGY TYPES

FROND MORPHOLOGY TYPES COMPOUND FROND FROND MORPHOLOGY TYPES

FROND MORPHOLOGY ^ TYPES COMPOUND FROND SIMPLE FROND FROND MORPHOLOGY TYPES

C COMPOUND FROND

COMPOUND FROND

FROND MORPHOLOGY COMPOUND FROND PINNAE PRESENT FROND MORPHOLOGY COMPOUND FROND

COMPOUND FERN FROND MORPHOLOGY P

COMPOUND FERN FROND MORPHOLOGY ^ PINNAE PRESENT

? COMPOUND FROND MORPHOLOGY

COMPOUND FERN FROND MORPHOLOGY S STIPE?

COMPOUND FERN FROND MORPHOLOGY? STIPE

COMPOUND FERN FROND MORPHOLOGY L LAMINA? STIPE

COMPOUND FERN FROND MORPHOLOGY? LAMINA STIPE

COMPOUND FERN FROND MORPHOLOGY R RACHIS? LAMINA STIPE

COMPOUND FERN FROND MORPHOLOGY? RACHIS LAMINA STIPE

PINNAE? P RACHIS LAMINA STIPE

PINNAE + RACHIS LAMINA STIPE

PINNA?

PINNA S SUBRACHIS?

PINNA? SUBRACHIS

PINNA P SUBRACHIS PINNULES?

PINNA S SUBRACHIS PINNULES

COMPOUND FERN FROND MORPHOLOGY ^

L COMPOUND FROND TYPES

COMPOUND FROND TYPES ONCE PINNATE COMPOUND FROND TYPES

COMPOUND FROND O TYPES ONCE PINNATE TWICE PINNATE COMPOUND FROND TYPES

ONCE PINNATE COMPOUND FROND

COMPOUND FROND ONCE PINNATE BEARS PINNAE ONLY COMPOUND FROND ONCE PINNATE

ONCE PINNATE COMPOUND FROND P POLYPODIUM

ONCE PINNATE COMPOUND FROND PINNAE T POLYPODIUM

TWICE PINNATE COMPOUND FROND

COMPOUND FROND TWICE PINNATE BEARS PINNAE & PINNULES COMPOUND FROND TWICE PINNATE

TWICE PINNATE COMPOUND FROND P OSMUNDA

TWICE PINNATE COMPOUND FROND P PINNA OSMUNDA

TWICE PINNATE COMPOUND FROND ^ PINNAE OSMUNDA PINNULES

SIMPLE FROND S

SIMPLE FROND

FROND MORPHOLOGY SIMPLE FROND PINNAE ASBSENT FROND MORPHOLOGY SIMPLE FROND

SIMPLE FERN FROND MORPHOLOGY A

SIMPLE FERN FROND MORPHOLOGY ^ PINNAE ABSENT

? SIMPLE FROND MORPHOLOGY

SIMPLE FERN FROND MORPHOLOGY S STIPE?

SIMPLE FERN FROND MORPHOLOGY? STIPE

SIMPLE FERN FROND MORPHOLOGY L LAMINA? STIPE

SIMPLE FERN FROND MORPHOLOGY ^ LAMINA STIPE

SORUS S

SORUS

PTERALES SORUS SPORANGIA CLUSTER PTERALES SORUS

FROND / SPOROPHYLL SORUS

L.S. SORUS SPORANGIUM SPORANGIUM?

L.S. SORUS SPORANGIUM SPORANGIUM I INDUSIUM?

L.S. SORUS SPORANGIUM SPORANGIUM I INDUSIUM

INDUSIUM

PTERALES + INDUSIUM MODIFIED PLT HAIR PTERALES INDUSIUM

PTERALES + INDUSIUM MODIFIED PLT HAIR --- PROTECTS SPORANGIA PTERALES INDUSIUM

PTERALES INDUSIUM MODIFIED PLT HAIR --- PROTECT SPORANGIA --- PRESENT OR ABSENT PTERALES INDUSIUM

FROND / SPOROPHYLL INDUSIUM PRESENT

L.S. SORUS SPORANGIUM SPORANGIUM ^ INDUSIUM

INDUSIUM ABSENT FROND / SPOROPHYLL

SORUS POLYPODIUM ^ SPORANGIUM INDUSIUM ABSENT L.S.

SPORANGIUM A

ADVANCED FERNS T T

TRUE FERNS

CELL INITIAL L SPORANGIUM WALL SPOROCYTES SMALL SIZE ANNULUS THIN WALL SPORANGIUM STALK STOMIUM TAPETUM FEW SPORES STALK L.S.

CELL INITIAL ^ SPORANGIUM WALL SPOROCYTES SMALL SIZE ANNULUS THIN WALL SPORANGIUM STALK STOMIUM TAPETUM FEW SPORES LEPTOSPORANGIUM STALK L.S.

SPORANGIUM POSITION

SORUS?

L.S. SORUS SPOROPHYLL? LEPTOSPORANGIUM S

L.S. SORUS SPOROPHYLL LEPTOSPORANGIUM F

L.S. SORUS FOLIAR LEPTOSPORANGIUM A

L.S. SORUS SPOROPHYLL LEPTOSPORANGIUM ^ ABAXIAL SURFACE

LEPTOSPORANGIUM STRUCTURE

L.S.? LEPTOSPORANGIUM

L.S. S? LEPTOSPORANGIUM