216 Nippon Shokuhin Kagaku Kogaku Kaishi Vol. /2 No. / +0 + (*++) 30 Agaricus blazei Lentinula edodes Grifola frondosa * ** *** + / bo * Coriolus versicolor ** *** Schizophyllum commune 0 Influence of Culture Medium on the Composition of Ganoderma lucidum Watersoluble Polysaccharides in Ganoderma lucidum Fruit Body Kazuhiro Nara* Satoshi Torigata Hiroyuki Osanai** bo Buhei Kohno*** and Yoji Kato Laboratory of Food Science Faculty of Education Hirosaki University + Bunkyocho 1 2 Hirosaki Aomori *02/0* 3 +* ++ + * Department of Life design Tokyo Kasei Gakuin University 0** Aiharacho Machida Tokyo +3. *3 ** Juridical Agricultural Union Kousei 2 Azaokabe + +. +/ Oazaushidate Aomori Aomori ** *+0 *** Seizen Co. Ltd. +2*+ Sashimonocho Ebisugawaagaru bo Kawaramachidori Nakagyoku Kyoto Kyoto 0*. *3* bo Influence of culture medium on the composition of watersoluble polysaccharides in the Ganoderma lucidum fruit body was investigated using various kinds of pruned o# as the medium. Total carbohydrate content of watersoluble polysaccharides obtained from the fruit body di# ered among them : persimmon ( 3*. mg/ +* g dry weight of fruit body) mulberry (.3. 2 mg) Japanese cherry (. + mg) Japanese plum (.. + mg) apple (/. + mg) Japanese oak (2. mg) and grape (2.. mg). Neutral sugar composition and neutralsugar linkage analyses indicated that galactanlike polysaccharide and xylanlike polysaccharide in addition to bglucan were present at di# erent ratios in the watersoluble polysaccharide fractions. This means that the content of these polysaccharides in the fruit bodies is influenced by the culture medium i.e. the kind of pruned o# branch. (Received Jul. * *+* ; Accepted Jan. +1 *++) Keywords : Ganoderma lucidum fruit body watersoluble poly saccharide culture medium : *02/0* + * +3. *3 0** ** ** *+0 2 *** 0*. *3* + 2*+ Corresponding authorykato@cc.hirosakiu.ac.jp
31 : 217 + WS WSH mol/l Diospyros kaki Morus alba Prunus TFA +** subg. Cerasus Prunus mume Quercus DX/** crispula Vitis vinifera Malus pumila HPAECPAD ** kg CarboPacPA+. /* mm ++/ kg +/ CarboPacPA+ GUARD //* 0** + * +1 kg. ml + *** ml 2*.2 WSH +*. mg * +2 WIS /.* mg * +2 mol/l TFA +** + ++* / * cm +3 +/ G/*** J&W DB / *. +/ +* g ** ml m +.* ** + / +/* * * mm No.. WS / WS WIS WS. WS WIS. +0 *** g * WS Table + WS +* g WSH +03 mg WS +0 WSH WIS /*. mg 1 + Glc / /1 mol +/. mol/ L Gal +** + 0** g * Glc Gal Man 2.. 022./ Table + Yield and neutral sugar composition of the WS fractions obtained from the fruit body of Ganoderma lucidum which were cultivated on some kinds of pruned o# Total sugar Neutral sugar composition (mol ) content (mg) Fuc Ara Rha Gal Glc Xyl Man Apple Persimmon Mulberry Japanese cherry Japanese plum Japanese oak Grape +314 4 /4 +42 *41.4/ /4 +34. 24 4. +*42 4 +.4.243 +42 140.04 4 ++4+ 4+ +4 /4 ++43 24* 41 14* 40 *4* *41.343 +43 +143 ++43 /41.4. *4*.43.4+ 4/ +24. +141 4+.4* +4* +4 /043 +4* 241 +04/ 14+ 4 *4. 042..42 4 +.4.
218 /2 / *++ / 32 Table Sugarlinkage composition of the WIS fractions obtained from the fruit body of which were cultivated on some kinds of pruned o# Amount** Ganoderma lucidum Deduced Peak Methylated sugar glycosidic No4 linkage Japanese Japanese Japanese linkage* Apple Persimmon Mulberry Grape cherry plum oak + /Me Ara*** TAra.Me Xyl TXyl *40 +4* *43 *4* +4+ +40 *4*.Me Fuc TFuc.4+ 4/ 4. 4.4.4* +41..Me Rha Rha / /Me Ara Ara 0.0 Me.Glc TGlc +4/ +4 +*43 +41 ++41 +43 ++4..0 Me.Man TMan 1 MeXyl. MeXyl.Xyl Xyl 4. /42 41.40 43 42.4*.0 Me.Gal TGal 2. 0 Me Glc Glc 041 +41.4.4/ 340.4. +42 3.0 MeGal Gal 0 MeMan.Man +* Me+Xyl.Xyl +4. +4 4+ 4+ +4. +40 +4.Me+Xyl.Xyl ++ 0 Me Glc.Glc +*40 +.4/ +41 +.4 343 ++41 341 + Ara /Ara +.Me Gal 0 Gal +. 0Me Gal.Gal 4/ 4/ 4+ 43 +4 4* 4* +/ Unidentified *4 *4 *4. *4 *40 *4 *4/ +0.Me Glc 0 Glc +242 +40 +42 +/4 +.40 341 +042 +1 0 Me Gal.Gal *4* 14 *4* *4* *4* *4* *4* +2 Unidentified +3 Unidentified 4/ 43 43 4* 42 42 4 * Me Glc. 0 Glc 4 4. 4+ 4 /4/ 4+ 42 +.Me Gal 0 Gal 42 /43 042 4 +*40 *42 ++4 Unidentified *40 +4. 4* *40 +42 *4. 4. * The numerical prefixes represent the carbon atoms involved in glycosidic linkages in the original polysaccharides4 Prefix T indicates sugars linked through C (O)+ only4 ** total areas4 *** / Me Ara / triomethyl +. dioacethylarabinitol etc4 Glc Gal Man 1*. 112. 3 Xyl ++. 3 +.* Ara WIS +*. 2 ++. + Table Glc Glc TGlc.Glc WIS +* g 0Glc Glc bo.03. g... g./*. g../. g /++. g /0/. g.. g b+ +. WIS WS 1 WIS Glc bo WIS b + Glc WIS WIS WS
33 : 219 Table Yield and neutral sugar composition of the WSH fractions obtained from the fruit body of Ganoderma lucidum which were cultivated on some kinds of pruned o# Total sugar Neutral sugar composition (mol ) content (mg) Fuc Ara Rha Gal Glc Xyl Man Apple Persimmon Mulberry Japanese cherry Japanese plum Japanese oak Grape /4+.4+.4 43 040 *42.4 14+ 3*4 4+ 4+ 040 24+ ++4+ +04/ +4/.342 4.4..43 +140 +4/ +341 +141 4+ /4 *40 *4 141 *4/ +42 42.4+ 04+ +4+ *4.+41 40 +4/ 041 24 04+ 043 43.4 +24/ 040 +041 24. 140 *43 *4.34 4. 4. +14 WSH Table WS Glc Gal Man. WSH 0 Ara Xyl 0Gal Glc bo TMan TGlc / WSH + WSH TAra. Xyl. Xyl WSH NK WS WSH 0 Table WSH +* g3* mg / mg 2 mg 0 mg. Gal WS WSH 0 Fuc Dictyophora indusiata *. +.. +0.* +0.. +1./ 1 bo WSH + 0 Ara. +... mol WSH Xyl +0./ +3. 1 mol bo Gal Glc Man Man WSH +0 t WSH WSH WSH Gal Man Glc bo WSH Ara Xyl
220 /2 / *++ / 34 Table. Sugarlinkage composition of the WSH fractions obtained from the fruit body of Ganoderma lucidum which were cultivated on some kinds of pruned o# Amount** Deduced Peak Methylated sugar glycosidic No4 linkage Japanese Japanese Japanese linkage* Apple Persimmon Mulberry Grape cherry plum oak + /Me Ara*** TAra 41 24. 241 *4* *40 41 *4.Me Xyl TXyl +4+ 4* 4. *41 *41 +4+ *4.Me Fuc TFuc 4+ 4 4 4 41.42.40..Me Rha Rha +4* +4+ +4+ *4* *4. *4 *4* / /Me Ara Ara +4 4 4. *4* *4* +40 *4 0.0 Me.Glc TGlc +4..41 /42 +4* 24+ +*42 +*4.0 Me.Man TMan 1 MeXyl. MeXyl.Xyl Xyl.40 040 043 40 4 4 +40.0 Me.Gal TGal 2. 0 Me Glc Glc +43 +4 4. +4/.4 +24+ +/43 3.0 MeGal Gal 40.42 4+ *4*.42 +4/ +4 0 MeMan.Man +* Me+Xyl.Xyl +.4 +*4 +*4+ /4+ 34. 042 43.Me+Xyl.Xyl ++ 0 Me Glc.Glc 04 042 4..4/ 4*.4+ 4/ + Ara /Ara *4 *4. +41 *4 *4* *4+ *4. +.Me Gal 0Gal 14/ +*42 /4 +04 *4.4/.+41 +. 0Me Gal.Gal +4/ 04/ 43 +*4* 143 14+ *4* +/ Unidentified *43 *43 +4 +43 *43 *43 +4/ +0.Me Glc 0 Glc *4/ *4/ *40 +40 *41 *4. +4* +1 0 Me Gal.Gal.4/ 14 241 4+ *41 43 +40 +2 Unidentified +41 +41 +4 *40 *4 *41 *43 +3 Unidentified *4/ +4 *42 40 +41 +4* 4 * Me Glc. 0Glc 14/ 40 43 40 040 40 4. +.Me Gal 0 Gal +43 4+ +4. +4/ 4/ +42 41 Unidentified +4* +4/ *43 *42 +4 *43 43 * The numerical prefixes represent the carbon atoms involved in glycosidic linkages in the original polysaccharides4 Prefix T indicates sugars linked through C (O)+ only4 ** total areas4 *** / Me Ara / triomethyl +. dioacethylarabinitol etc4 WS WIS WIS WS WS WS WS WSH WSH
35 : 221 + Wasser S.P. Medicinal mushroom as a source of anti tumor and immunomodulating polysaccharide. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 0* /2 1. (**). Mizuno M. Morimoto M. Minato K. and Tsuchida H. Polysaccharides from Agaricus blazei stimulate lymphocyte Tcell subsets in mice. Biosci. Biotech. Biochem. 0...1 ( +332). Minato K. Mizuno M. Terai H. and Tsuchida H. Au tolysis of lentinan an antitumor polysaccharide during storage of Lentinus edodes shiitake mushroom. J. Agric. Food Chem..1 +/* +/ ( +333).. Kubo K. Aoki H. and Nanba H. Antidiabetic activity present in the fruit body of Grifola frondasa (Maitake) I. Biol. Pharm. Bull. +1 ++*0 +++* ( +33. ). / Horio H. and Ohtsuru M. Maitake ( Grifola frondosa) improve glucose tolerance of experimental diabetic rats. J. Nutr. Sci. Vitaminol..1 /10 (**+). 0 Kidd P.M. The use of mushroom glucans and proteoglycans in cancer treatment. Alter. Med. Rev. /.1 (**). 1 Zhu X.L. and Lin Z.B. E# ects of Ganodema lucidum polysaccharide on proliferation and cytotoxicity of cytokineinduced killer cell. Acta Pharmacologica Sinica 0 ++* ++1 (**/). 2 Weng C. J. Chau C.F. Chen K.D. Chen D.H. and Yen G.C. The antiinvasive e# ect of lucidenic acids isolated from a new Ganoderma lucidum strain. Mol. Nutr. Food Res. /+ +.1 +.11 (**1). 3 Hua K.F. Hsu H.Y. Chao L.K. Chen S.T. Yang W.B. Hsu J. and Wong C.H. Ganoderma lucidum polysaccha rides enhance CD+. endocytosis of LPS and promote TLR. signal transduction of cytokine expression. J. Cell Physiol. + /1 //* (**1). +* Jiang J. Slivova V. Haarvey K. Valachovicova T. and Sliva D. Ganodema lucidum suppresses growth of breast cancer cells through the inhibition of Akt/NFkB signaling. Nutr. Cancer.3 *3 +0 (**.). ++ Liu J. Yang F. Ye L.B. Yang X. J. Timani K.A. Zheng Y. and Wang Y.H. Possible mode of action of antiherpetic activities of a proteoglycan isolated from the mycelia of Ganodema lucidum in vitro. J. Ethnopharmacol. 3/ 0/ 1 (**.). + Hikino H. Ishiyama M. Suzuki Y. and Konno C. Mechanisms of hypoglycemic activity of ganoderan B : A glycan of Ganoderma lucidum fruit bodies. Planta Medica //..2 ( +323). + Hajjai H. Mace C. Roberts M. Niederberger P. and Fay L.B. E# ects of 0oxygenosterols from Ganoderma lucidum and their activity as cholesterol synthesis inhibitors. App. Environ. Microbiol. 1+ 0/0/2 (**/). +. // 112 **2 +/ /0 132. **3 +0 Dubios M. Gilles K.A. Hamilton J.K. Rebers P.A. and Smith F. Colorimetric method for determination of the sugars and related substances. Anal. Chem. 2 /* /0 ( +3/0). +1 Bull. Fac. Educ. Hirosaki Univ. 3..1 / (**/). +2 Hakomori S. A rapid permethylation of glycolipid and polysaccharide catalyzed by methysulfinyl carbanion in dimethyl sulfoxide. J. Biochem. // */ *2 ( +30. ). +3 Lindberg B. Methylation analysis of polysaccharides. Meth. In Enzymol. 2 +12 +3/ ( +31 ). * Kato Y. Konishi T. Hidano Y. and Mitsuishi Y. Structural analysis of the eggplant xyloglucan by xyloglu canase. J. Appl. Glycosci. /+ 333 (**.). + Mizuno T. Hagiwara T. Nakamura T. Ito H. Shimura K. Sumiya T. and Asakura A. Antitumor activity and some properties of watersoluble polysaccharides from Himematsutake the fruiting body of Agaricus blazei Mill. Agric. Biol. Chem. /. 223 230 ( +33* ). Komatsu N. Okubo S. Kikumoto S. Kimura K. Saito G. and Sasaki S. Hostmediated antitumor action of schizophyllan a glucan produced by Schizophyllum commune. Gann 0* +1 +.. ( +303). Chihara G. Maeda Y. Hamuro J. Sasaki T. and Fukuoka F. Fractionation and purification of the polysaccharides with marked antitumor activity especially lentinan from Lentinus edodes (Berk.) Sing. (an edible mushroom). Cancer Research * 110 12+ ( +31* ).. Kohguchi M. Kunikata T. Watanabe H. Kudo N. Shibuya T. Ishihara T. Iwaki K. Ikeda M. Fukuda S. and Kurimoto M. Immunopotentiating e# ects of the antkershaped fruiting body of Ganoderma lucidum (RokkakuReishi). Biosci. Biotech. Biochem. 02 22+ 221 (**.). / +33+ 0 Ghoneum M. Enhancement of human natural killer cell activity by modified arabinoxylan from rice bran (MGN). Int. J. Immunother. +. 2333 ( +332). 1 +333 1 * + +1