LONG-TERM VARIABILITY OF PELAGIC FISHES COMPOSITION IN THE TATAR STRAIT (SEA OF JAPAN) IN CONNECTION WITH MIGRATIONS OF SUBTROPICAL SPECIES A. Ya. Velikanov, SakhNIRO, Russia e-mail: velikanov@ sakhniro.ru
The Sakhalin Island
Proportion of bottom, pelagic, anadromous and deep-water fish in regions of East Sakhalin (A), West Sakhalin (B), integrally (Sakhalin and Kuril Islands) (C) in 2000-2001 А 4.65% 32.46% BO TTO M 55.18% ANADRO - MO US B 7.71% 28.77% 0.36% 5.59% C 11.67% 8.50% 65.28% PELAGIC 13.16% 66.67%
Species composition (, species present;, species absent) of pelagic and demersal planktivorous fish in different areas off Sakhalin Island (adapted from Lindberg, 1959; Borets, 1997). Species North western Sakhalin South-western Sakhalin Aniva Bay, La Perouse Strait South-eastern Sakhalin North-eastern Sakhalin PELAGIC FISH Clupea harengus Sardinops sagax Engraulis japonicus Oncorhynchus keta (juv.) Oncorhncus gorbuscha Oncorhynchus mazou (juv.) Oncorhynchus tschawyscha (juv.) Osmerus dentex Hypomesus japonicus Mallotus villosus Leuroglossus schmidtii Salangichthys microdon Cololabis saira Theragra chalcogramma Gasterosteus acelatus acelatus Arctoscopus japonicus Scomber japonicus Pleurogramus azonus (juv.) DEMERSAL FISH* Gadus macrocephalus (juv.) Eleginus gracious (juv.) Lumpenella longirostris Lumpenus sagitta Leptoclinus maculates Ammodytes hexapterus Hypoptichuss dybowskii Hexagrammus octogrammus (juv.) Hexagrammus lagocephalus (juv.) Blepsias cirrhosus Hemitripterus viilosus Hemilepidotus gilberti (juv.) Melletes papillio Podothecus acipenserinus Podothecus gilberti Eumicrotremus pacificus Hippoglossoides elassodon Limanda sakhalinensis Total planktivorous species Pelagic Demersal 27 15 12 32 16 16 33 16 17 34 17 17 29 14 15 Number of planktivorous species with biomass >10 0000 t 5 6 78 8 7 Number of planktivorous species with biomass >100 000 t 2 3 5 6 5 Species composition (, species present;, species absent) of pelagic and demersal planktivorous fish in different areas off Sakhalin Island (adapted from Lindberg, 1959; Borets, 1997).
Distribution and migrations of sardine in the Sea of Japan in the end of 1970s-early 1980s (from Dudarev, Kenya, 1986)
Distribution of Japanese anchovy near the coast of the Sakhalin Island in 2002 54 52 50 48 46 44 140 142 144 146 148
Periodicity of migrations of some subtropical fish species to the Tatar Strait in XX century Sardine 1942 1949 1954 1975 1990 Japanese anchovy 1937 1948 1967 1989 Pacific mackerel 1931 1955 1971 1979 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 Saury 1933 1985 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000
List of warm-water fish species near the west coast of Sakhalin Island in the XX century (based on published data) Species Years Species Years Isurus oxyrhynchus 1951 Oplegnathus fasciatus 1946, 1948 Lamna ditropis 1947-1949, 1950s, 1960s, 1980s Pterothrissus gissu Ernogrammus hexagrammus 1980 Scomber japonicus 1947-1949 1931-1955, 1973, 1977-1979 Sardinops sagax melanosticta 1932-1942, 1949-1954, 1975-1990 Kareus bicoloratus 1947-1949, 1975 Engraulis japonicus 1934, 1948-1967, 1989-1998 Thamnaconus modestus 1975 Cololabis saira 1933-1985 Takifugu borealis 1948, 1975 Hyporhamphus sajori 1948, 1975 Lophius litulon 1975 Exocoetus volitans 1973 Sebastes schlegeli 1948 Coryphaena hippurus 1973
Hyperoglyphe japonica
Distribution of sand-lance in the shelf waters of the Sakhalin Island 55 54 53 52 51 Охотское море 50 49 Татар ски й прол ив Залив Терпения 48 47 46 о. Монерон Залив Ан ива 141 142 143 144 145 146
Length composition of the sand-lance in the Sakhalinskiy Bay (A), Tatar Strait (B) and in the La Perouse Strait (C) 1985 г, n=250, M=9.41 см А 25 20 15 % 10 5 0 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 Длина АС, см 35 30 25 20 1969 г, n=50, M=24.97см. 1976 г, n=250, M=19.33 см. 1982 г, n=69, M=19.97см. 2002 г, n=9, М=28.6 см Б % 15 10 5 0 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 Длина АС, см 20 1976 г, n=5642, M=18.72 см 1982 г, n=2393 M=17.6 см 1985 г, n=540, М=16.4 см В 15 % 10 5 0 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 Длина АС, см
Dynamics of sand-lance catches near the north and west coast of Hokkaido in the XX century 200 180 160 140 Улов, тыс.тонн 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 1952 1957 1962 1967 1972 1977 1982 1987 1992 1997 Года
Dynamics of different pelagic fish catches near the west Sakhalin in the last half of XX century herring 400 300 200 100 0 год 1951 1953 1955 1957 1959 1961 1963 1965 1967 1969 1971 1973 1975 1977 1979 1981 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 catch('000t) years sardine 200 catch('000t) 150 100 50 0 год 1954 1957 1960 1963 1966 1969 1972 1975 1978 1981 1984 1987 1990 1993 1996 1999 years walleye pollock 150 catch('000t) 100 50 0 год 1951 1953 1955 1957 1959 1961 1963 1965 1967 1969 1971 1973 1975 1977 1979 1981 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 years pink salmon 20 catch('000t) 15 10 5 0 год 1951 1953 1955 1957 1959 1961 1963 1965 1967 1969 1971 1973 1975 1977 1979 1981 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 years
Maximal biomass indices of some commercial marine fishes near the west Sakhalin in different years ( 000 t) Species and stocks Years 1970-1979 1980 1989 1990-1999 2002 Tatar Strait Sakhalin-Hokkaido 350.0 150.0 20.0 16.0 herring Japanese sardine 450.0 300.0 0.0 0.0 Walleye pollock 700.0 350.0 250,0 10.0 Pacific cod 15.0 30.0 24.0 10.0 Saffron cod 7.0 8.0 4.0 3.4 De Kustry herring 20.0 19.0 8.0 0.2 Yellowfin sole 8.0 19.0 28.0 16.0 Capelin 30.0 33.0 13.0 42.3 Total 1580.0 909.0 347.0 97.9 La Perouse Strait Japanese sand lance 350.0 110.0 110,0 ~ 50.0
Spatial distribution of biomass of walleye pollock in the Tatar Strait in May-June 2002 53.00 52.00 Макс. плотность - 5 т/кв. милю Учтенная биомасса - 2,07 тыс. т Площадь - 3,54 тыс. кв. миль 51.00 50.00 49.00 т/кв. милю 5 48.00 4 47.00 3 2 46.00 1 45.00 139.00 140.00 141.00 142.00 143.00 0.5
Data of capelin frequency and catches during the bottom survey in the Tatar Strait in different years Year 1976 1977 1978 1981 1982 1983 1984 1986 2000 2001 2002 MONTH APRIL-MAY APRIL -MAY MAY APRIL -MAY APRIL -MAY MAY MAY MAY APRIL -MAY APRIL -MAY APRIL -MAY TYPE of VESSEL SRTM-500 SRTM- -500 SRTM- 500 SRTM- 500 SRTM- 500 SRTM- 500 RS- 300 SRTM -500 STR- 420 STR- 420 STR- 420 NUMBER of TRAWLING STATIONS 87 50 66 73 34 65 76 27 75 120 147 FREQUENCY, % 48,0 38,0 36,4 38,4 58,8 26,2 15,8 63,0 17,3 7,6 29,2 MEAN CATCH PER UNIT EFFORT (amount of fish) 402 240 256 192 544 111 2735 5000 14 6 2598 MEAN CATCH PER UNIT EFFORT (kg) 12,7 7,0 5,6 6,5 15,8 2,8 87,5 125,0 0,44 0,15 78,2
Data of capelin spawning intensity near the west coast of Sakhalin Island in different years YEAR 1989 1991 1992 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2002 SPAWNING AREA ( x 000 m2 ) 1902,9 2560,9 1606,1 938,9 498,24 84,618 150,85 757,21 2882,18 CONCEN- TRATION of EGGS ( 000000) 0,879 0,031-2,11 1,2368 0,054-4,55 1,556 0,052-7,35 0,6366 0,094-2,69 0,1791 0,032-0,98 0,1465 0,0106-0,34 0,0519 0,0091-0,13 0,028 0,009-0,085 3,803 0,0075-50,93 * Above the line average, under the line - limits
Changing in composition of dominating fish species in the 2 nd half of the XX century in the seawaters of Sakhalin Island HERRING PINK SALMON PACIFIC CAPELIN WALLEYE POLLOCK JAPANESE SAND LANCE ARABESQUE GREENLING PACIFIC SARDINE JAPANESE ANCHOVY SAURY SPECIES MACKEREL WEST SAKHALIN EAST SAKHALIN 50s 60s 70s 80s 90s 50s 60s 70s 80s 90s FLOUNDER TOTAL: 4 3 4 4 2 5 1 3 4 4