Greeting 1 Ἰούδας Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ δοῦλος ἀδελφὸς δὲ Ἰακώβου, τοῖς ἐν θεῷ πατρὶ Judas of Jesus Christ a slave brother and of James, to the by God Father ἠγαπημένοις καὶ Ἰησοῦ Χριστῷ τετηρημένοις κλητοῖς having been loved and of Jesus Christ having been preserved called; 2 ἔλεος ὑμῖν καὶ εἰρήνη καὶ ἀγάπη πληθυνθείη. mercy to you and peace and love may it be multiplied. 1 Reason for Writing 3 Ἀγαπητοί, πᾶσαν σπουδὴν ποιούμενος γράφειν ὑμῖν περὶ τῆς κοινῆς ἡμῶν σωτηρίας, Dearly beloved, all diligence making to write to you about the common of us salvation, ἀνάγκην ἔσχον γράψαι ὑμῖν παρακαλῶν ἐπαγωνίζεσθαι τῇ ἅπαξ must needs I had to write to you beseeching to earnestly contend for 2 the once for all παραδοθείσῃ τοῖς ἁγίοις πίστει. having been committed to the saints faith. 4 παρεισεδύησαν γάρ τινες ἄνθρωποι, οἱ πάλαι προγεγραμμένοι εἰς Entered with stealth for certain people, the long ago having earlier been written of for τοῦτο τὸ κρίμα, ἀσεβεῖς τὴν τοῦ θεοῦ ἡμῶν χάριτα μετατιθέντες εἰς this the damnation, impious the of the of God of us grace transposing for ἀσέλγειαν καὶ τὸν μόνον δεσπότην καὶ κύριον ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦν Χριστὸν ἀρνούμενοι. shamelessness and the only Master and Lord of us Jesus Christ rejecting. Damnation of False Teachers 5 Ὑπομνῆσαι δὲ ὑμᾶς βούλομαι, εἰδότας ἅπαξ πάντα, ὅτι κύριος To put in remembrance but you I am minded, having known once all things, that Lord λαὸν ἐκ γῆς Αἰγύπτου σώσας τὸ δεύτερον τοὺς μὴ πιστεύσαντας ἀπώλεσεν, people out of land of Egypt having saved the second the not having believed destroyed, 6 ἀγγέλους τε τοὺς μὴ ηρήσαντας τὴν ἑαυτῶν ἀρχὴν ἀλλὰ ἀπολιπόντας τὸ ἴδιον angels and the not having kept the themselves domain but having deserted the own οἰκητήριον εἰς κρίσιν μεγάλης ἡμέρας δεσμοῖς ἀϊδίοις ὑπὸ ζόφον τετήρηκεν, dwelling for judgment of great Day chains everlasting under blackness he has kept, 7 ὡς Σόδομα καὶ Γόμορρα καὶ αἱ περὶ αὐτὰς πόλεις τὸν ὅμοιον τρόπον τούτοις as Sodom and Gomorra and the about them cities the like manner to these ἐκπορνεύσασαι καὶ ἀπελθοῦσαι ὀπίσω σαρκὸς ἑτέρας, πρόκεινται δεῖγμα having gone a whoring 3 and having departed after flesh unnatural, are set before an example 4 πυρὸς αἰωνίου δίκην ὑπέχουσαι. fire of eternal vengeance being held under. 5 1 Aorist, Passive, Optative. 2 ἐπαγωνίζεσθαι - v. contend. Present, Mid. or Pass. Dep., Infinitive. Only here in the NT. 3 ἐκπορνεύσασαι v. giving oneself to gross immorality, Aorist, Active, Participle only here in the NT. 4 δεῖγμα, n.n. example, thing shown, only here in the NT. 5 ὑπέχουσαι., v. suffer, hold under, Present, Active, Participle, - only here in the NT. 1
8 Ὁμοίως μέντοι καὶ οὗτοι ἐνυπνιαζόμενοι σάρκα μὲν μιαίνουσιν, κυριότητα δὲ ἀθετοῦσιν Likewise indeed also these sensual dreaming flesh indeed pollute, lordship and disregard δόξας δὲ βλασφημοῦσιν, glories but they speak evil of, 9 (O δὲ Μιχαὴλ ὁ ἀρχάγγελος, ὅτε τῷ διαβόλῳ διακρινόμενος διελέγετο περὶ The but Michael the archangel, when with the Devil contending he was disputing about τοῦ Μωϋσέως σώματος, οὐκ ἐτόλμησεν κρίσιν ἐπενεγκεῖν βλασφημίας, ἀλλὰ εἶπεν, of the of Moses body, not he dared a judgment to cast upon railing, but he said, Ἐπιτιμήσαι σοι κύριος. Rebuke you Lord. 10 οὗτοι δὲ ὅσα μὲν οὐκ οἴδασιν βλασφημοῦσιν, ὅσα δὲ φυσικῶς These but as much as indeed not they have known they speak evil of, as much as but by nature 6 w~j τὰ ἄλογα ζῷα ἐπίστανται, ἐν τούτοις φθείρονται. as the wild animals they understand, by these things they deprave themselves. 11 οὐαὶ αὐτοῖς, ὅτι τῇ ὁδῷ τοῦ Κάϊν ἐπορεύθησαν, καὶ τῇ πλάνῃ τοῦ Woe to them, because in the way of the Cain they have been led away, and to the deceit of the Βαλαὰμ μισθοῦ ἐξεχύθησαν, καὶ τῇ ἀντιλογίᾳ τοῦ Κόρε ἀπώλοντο. Balaam 7 of reward abandoned themselves to, and in the rebellion of the Korah 8 perished. 12 Oὗτοι εἰσιν οἱ ἐν ταῖς ἀγάπαις ὑμῶν σπιλάδες συνευωχούμενοι ἀφόβως, ἑαυτοὺς These men are the in the love-feasts of you threats 9 feasting together audaciously, themselves ποιμαίνοντες, νεφέλαι ἄνυδροι ὑπὸ ἀνέμων παραφερόμεναι, δένδρα 10 φθινοπωρινὰ feeding, clouds without water by winds being driven about, trees late autumn ἄκαρπα δὶς ἀποθανόντα ἐκριζωθέντα, without fruit twice having died having been rooted out, 13 κύματα ἄγρια θαλάσσης ἐπαφρίζοντα τὰς ἑαυτῶν αἰσχύνας, ἀστέρες πλανῆται waves violent of sea foaming up 11, the of themselves shame stars wanderers 12 οἷς ὁ ζόφος τοῦ σκότους εἰς αἰῶνα τετήρηται. to whom the blackness of the darkness into age has been reserved. 14 Ἐπροφήτευσεν δὲ καὶ τούτοις ἕβδομος ἀπὸ Ἀδὰμ Ἑνὼχ λέγων, Ἰδοὺ ἦλθεν Prophesied and also to these men seventh from Adam Henoch 13 saying, Behold came κύριος ἐν ἁγίαις μυριάσιν αὐτοῦ Lord with saints ten thousands of him 15 ποιῆσαι κρίσιν κατὰ πάντων καὶ 14 πάντας τοὺς ἀσεβεῖς περὶ πάντων τῶν to make judgment against all people and convict all the impious concerning all the 6 φυσικῶς, adv. naturally, by nature, only here in the NT. 7 The "doctrine of Balaam" is spoken of in Rev. 2:14, in allusion to the fact that it was through the teaching of Balaam that Balak learned the way by which the Israelites might be led into sin. 8 On the morning after the outbreak of the rebellion, Korah and his associates presented themselves at the door of the tabernacle, and "took every man his censer, and put fire in them, and laid incense thereon." But immediately "fire from the Lord" burst forth and destroyed them all (Num. 16:35) 9 σπιλάδες, n.f. here a threat or danger, originally a rock or reef in the sea only here in the NT 10 φθινοπωρινὰ, adj. late autumn trees whose leaves & fruits have withered only here in the NT. 11 ἐπαφρίζοντα, v. froth or foam up, Present, Active, Participle, - only here in the NT. 12 πλανῆται, n.m. a wanderer, wandering stars (planets) only here in the NT. 13 See end note. 14 ἐλέγξαι, v. convict, prove wrong, convince, Aorist, Active, Infinitive, - only here in the NT. 2
ἔργων ἀσεβείας αὐτῶν ὧν ἠσέβησαν καὶ περὶ πάντων τῶν σκληρῶν works of impiety of them which they committed impiously and concerning all the offensive things ὧν ἐλάλησαν κατ αὐτοῦ ἁμαρτωλοὶ ἀσεβεῖς. which spoke against him sinners impious. 16 Οὗτοί εἰσιν γογγυσταὶ μεμψίμοιροι κατὰ τὰς ἐπιθυμίας αὐτῶν πορευόμενοι, These men are murmurers 15 discontented 16 according to the cravings of them pursuing, kai\ to\ στόμα αὐτῶν λαλεῖ ὑπέρογκα, θαυμάζοντες πρόσωπα ὠφελείας χάριν. and the mouth of them it speaks extravagant things, admiring faces profit for sake of. Warnings and Earnest Advice 17 Ὑμεῖς δὲ ἀγαπητοί, μνήσθητε τῶν ῥημάτων τῶν προειρημένων ὑπὸ You but dearly beloved, be mindful of the words the having been previously spoken by τῶν ἀποστόλων τοῦ κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ, the apostles of the Lord of us Jesus Christ, 18 ὅτι ἔλεγον ὑμῖν: Ἐπ ἐσχάτου χρόνου ἔσονται ἐμπαῖκται κατὰ τὰς ἑαυτῶν because the told you; Upon last of time will be mockers according to the of themselves ἐπιθυμίας πορευόμενοι τῶν ἀσεβειῶν. cravings pursuing the ungodly things. 19 Οὗτοί εἰσιν οἱ ἀποδιορίζοντες 17, ψυχικοί, πνεῦμα μὴ ἔχοντες. These men are the making divisions, sensual, Spirit not having. 20 ὑμεῖς δὲ, ἀγαπητοί, ἐποικοδομοῦντες ἑαυτοὺς τῇ ἁγιωτάτῃ ὑμῶν πίστει, ἐν πνεύματι You but, dearly beloved, building up in yourselves the most holy of you faith, in Spirit ἁγίῳ προσευχόμενοι, Holy praying, 21 ἑαυτοὺς ἐν ἀγάπη θεοῦ τηρήσατε, προσδεχόμενοι τὸ ἔλεος τοῦ κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ yourselves in love of God keep, expecting the mercy of the Lord of us Jesus Χριστοῦ εἰς ζωὴν αἰώνιον. Christ into life eternal. 22 καὶ οὓς μὲν ἐλεᾶτε διακρινομένους, σῴζετε ἐκ πυρὸς ἁρπάζοντες, And some indeed you pity wavering, save out of fire snatching, 23 οὓς δὲ ἐλέατε ἐν φόβῳ, μισοῦντες καὶ τὸν ἀπὸ τῆς σαρκὸς ἐσπιλωμένον χιτῶνα. others but pity with fear, hating even the from of the flesh having been defiled undergarment. Benediction 24 Τῷ δὲ δυναμένῳ φυλάξαι ὑμᾶς ἀπταίστους καὶ στῆσαι κατενώπιον τῆς δόξης αὐτοῦ To the now being able to guard you from falling 18 and to place in sight of the glory of him ἀμώμους ἐν ἀγαλλιάσει, faultless in extreme joy, 15 γογγυσταὶ n.m. murmurer, one who complains against God, - only here in the NT 16 μεμψίμοιροι, adj. querulous, discontented, complainer, - only here in the NT. 17 ἀποδιορίζοντες, v. making divisions, separations, Present, Active, Participle, - only here in the NT. 18 ἀπταίστους, adj. keep from falling or stumbling, only here in the NT. 3
25 μόνῳ θεῷ σωτῆρι ἡμῶν διὰ Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ τοῦ κυρίου ἡμῶν δόξα, μεγαλωσύνη, to only God Saviour of us through Jesus Christ the Lord of us glory, greatness, κράτος, καὶ ἐξουσία πρὸ πάντος τοῦ αἰῶνος καὶ νῦν καὶ εἰς πάντας τοὺς αἰῶνας, ἀμήν. power, and authority before all of the age and now and into all the ages, Amen. The Book Of Henoch Commonly Called 'Enoch' ( (ENW\X ) What is generally called 'The Book of Enoch' is 1 Enoch, or the 'Ethiopic Enoch', but there are two other works attributed to the patriarch 'The Slavonic Book of the Secrets of Enoch', and 'Third Enoch'. Jude ( 1:14,15 )quotes from 1 Enoch 1:9 :- 9 And behold! He cometh with ten thousands of His holy ones to execute judgement upon all, and to destroy all the ungodly: and to convict all flesh of all the works of their ungodliness which they have ungodly committed, and of all the hard things which ungodly sinners have spoken against Him. Also 5:4 :- 4 But ye -ye have not been steadfast, nor done the commandments of the Lord, but ye have turned away and spoken proud and hard words with your impure mouths against His greatness. Oh, ye hard-hearted, ye shall find no peace. And 27:2 Then Uriel, one of the holy angels who was with me, answered and said: 'This accursed valley is for those who are accursed for ever: Here shall all the accursed be gathered together who utter with their lips against the Lord unseemly words and of His glory speak hard things. Here shall they be gathered together The quotation in Jude (1:14,15) led to 1 Enoch becoming highly esteemed by the Doctors of the early Church. Clement of Alexandria, Tertullian, and St. Augustine considered the book to be the actual work of Enoch, even though Enoch was the seventh after Adam 19 and, even if he had actually existed, lived well before the advent of this sort of writing. The writer of the Epistle of Barnabas considered Enoch to be Scripture. By the 300s AD the book had completely lost credibility and then totally vanished. In 1773 two complete copies were found in Ethiopic, and since then a number more copies have been discovered in the same language. More recently a Greek version came to light at Akhmîn in Egypt. It is the Ethiopic versions that are the ones currently published in translation. The probable date of writing was from c. 170 94-64BC, and so could not have had a single author. The book was probably written firstly in Hebrew, then translated into Greek, and it is considered that the Ethiopic version derives from the Greek. There are possible instances of the influence of 1 Enoch, apart from Jude, in other parts of the NT. Barnabas Linders in his commentary on the Gospel of John finds no less than eleven instances in John where he claims possible Enochian influence :- Jn. 1:14 En. 42:2 Wisdom went forth to make her dwelling among the children of men, and found no dwelling-place: Wisdom returned to her place, and took her seat among the angels. Jn. 1:29 En. 90:20 And I saw till a throne was erected in the pleasant land, and the Lord of the sheep sat Himself thereon, and the other took the sealed books and opened those books before the 19 En. 60:8 But the male is named Behemoth, who occupied with his breast a waste wilderness named Duidain, on the east of the garden where the elect and righteous dwell, where my grandfather was taken up, the seventh from Adam 4
Lord of the sheep. This is a substantial verse concerning sheep and Linders argues that 'Lamb of God' existed in pre-christian Jewish thinking. Jn. 1:34 En. 39:6a And in that place mine eyes saw the Elect One of righteousness and of faith, Jn. 1:49 En. 105:2 For I and My son will be united with them for ever in the paths of uprightness in their lives; and ye shall have peace: rejoice, ye children of uprightness. Amen. Jn. 1:51 En. 1:9 And behold! He cometh with ten thousands of His holy ones to execute judgement upon all, and to destroy all the ungodly: and to convict all flesh of all the works of their ungodliness which they have ungodly committed, and of all the hard things which ungodly sinners have spoken against Him. Jn. 4:14 En. 48:1 And in that place I saw the fountain of righteousness which was inexhaustible: and around it were many fountains of wisdom: and all the thirsty drank of them, and were filled with wisdom, and their dwellings were with the righteous and holy and elect. 2 And at that hour that Son of Man was named in the presence of the Lord of Spirits, and his name before the Head of Days. Linders considers that here, in apocryphal literature, is the connection between water, the Spirit and Wisdom. Jn. 5:27 En. 62:4 Then shall pain come upon them as on a woman in travail,[and she has pain in bringing forth] when her child enters the mouth of the womb,and she has pain in bringing forth. And one portion of them shall look on the other, and they shall be terrified, and they shall be downcast of countenance,and pain shall seize them, when they see that Son of Man Sitting on the throne of his glory. 6 And the kings and the mighty and all who possess the earth shall bless and glorify and extol him who rules over all, who was hidden. 7 For from the beginning the Son of Man was hidden, and the Most High preserved him in the presence of His might, and revealed him to the elect. 8 And the congregation of the elect and holy shall be sown, and all the elect shall stand before him on that day. 9 And all the kings and the mighty and the exalted and those who rule the earth shall fall down before him on their faces, and worship and set their hope upon that Son of Man, and petition him and supplicate for mercy at his hands. 10 Nevertheless that Lord of Spirits will so press them that they shall hastily go forth from His presence, and their faces shall be filled with shame,and the darkness grow deeper on their faces. 11 And He will deliver them to the angels for punishment to execute vengeance on them because they have oppressed His children and His elect 12 And they shall be a spectacle for the righteous and for His elect: they shall rejoice over them, because the wrath of the Lord of Spirits resteth upon them, and His sword is drunk with their blood. 13 And the righteous and elect shall be saved on that day, And they shall never thenceforward see the face of the sinners and unrighteous. 14 And the Lord of Spirits will abide over them, and with that Son of Man shall they eat and lie down and rise up for ever and ever. 15 And the righteous and elect shall have risen from the earth, and ceased to be of downcast countenance. And they shall have been clothed with garments of glory, 16 And these shall be the garments of life from the Lord of Spirits: and your garments shall not grow old, nor your glory pass away before the Lord of Spirits. Also En. chapters 37 71 that the 'Son of Man' has been given authority to judge. Jn. 7:27 En. 48:6 And for this reason hath he been chosen and hidden before Him, before the 5
creation of the world and for evermore. Jn.10 the sheep parables En. chapters 85 90 - an extended account of Jewish history as a pastoral people of good and bad shepherds. Jn. 14:2 En. 39:4 And there I saw another vision, the dwelling-places of the holy, and the restingplaces of the righteous. 5 Here mine eyes saw their dwellings with His righteous angels, and their resting-places with the holy. And they petitioned and interceded and prayed for the children of men, and righteousness flowed before them as water, and mercy like dew upon the earth: thus it is amongst them for ever and ever. 6