20 6 2008 12 Chinese Bulletin of Life Sciences Vol. 20, No.6 Dec., 2008 1004-0374(2008)06-0838-05 1/4 2008 ( 430071) 2008 25 HIV ( ) ( ) R373.9; Q1; Q4 A A quarter century of HIV research: the discovery of HIV recognized with 2008 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine HU Qin-xue*, HUANG Xin, DU Tao (State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China) Abstract: French scientists Franηoise Barré-Sinoussi and Luc Montagnier were awarded 2008 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for the discovery of HIV. Here we briefly review the discovery of HIV and the progress made in the field of HIV origin, pathogenesis, treatment and prevention in the past 25 years. Key words: AIDS; HIV; Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medcine 2008 10 6 (Françoise Barré-Sinoussi) (Luc Montagnier) (human immunodeficiency virus HIV ) (Harald zur Hausen) (human papilloma virus HPV) HIV 2008-12-2 * E-mail: qhu@wh.iov.cn HIV 1 1980 1981 1982 9 (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
1/4 2008 839 AIDS ) 1982 1983 ( CD4 + T ) 90 130nm 25k ( p24 Gag ) T (human T cell leukemia virus, HTLV) HTLV T HTLV T 1983 5 Science (lymphadeno-pathy-associated virus LAV) [1] 1984 Gallo [2] T (HTLV- ) 1984 5 Science Levy [3] 1984 8 Science (AIDS-associated retrovirus ARV) LAV HTLV- ARV 1986 ICTV HIV 2 1/4 HIV HIV SIV SIV HIV HIV-2 (sooty mangabey) SIVsm HIV-1 (chimpanzee) SIVcpz [4] 1959 1960 HIV HIV-1 M [5] HIV HIV SIV HIV-1 HIV HIV-1 HIV SIV 3 HIV 10kb HIV 3 (gag pol env) 6 (tat rev nef vif vpr vpu) gag (MA) (CA) pol ( RT PR IN) env (Env) 6 Tat Rev Nef Vif Vpr Vpu [6] HIV CD4 1984 HIV [7, 8] CD4 HIV 1996 CXCR4 CD4 HIV CXCR4 HIV [9] 5 CCR5 HIV CCR5 HIV R5 CXCR4 X4
840 R5X4 R5 [10] C (C-type lectin receptors) gp120 [11] HIV gp120 gp41 CA cyclophilin A HIV RNA cdna cdna MA Vpr IN RT HIV Tat Rev HIV, HIV DNA RNA Tat RNA C RNA RNA Rev mrna mrna HIV Nef CD4 MHC-I MHC-II HIV Vpr HIV G2 HIV HIV 200 HIV [12,13] HIV TRIM5a APOBEC3G/3F Tetherin HIV CA Vif Vpu [14-17] HIV CD4 + T CD4 + T HIV [18] CD4 + T CD4 + T HIV CCR5 + CD4 + T T [CTL] 3 SIV HIV SIVsm (rhesus macaque) [19] HIV SIV Th17CD4 + T [20] Th17CD4 + T CD4 + T HIV CD4 + T CD4 + T CD4 + T HIV 4 (NRTIs) (NNRTIs ) (PIs) (IIs) HIV HIV HIV (highly active antiretroviral therapy HAART) 2 1 1 [21] HIV [22] CD4 +
1/4 2008 841 CD4 + T 50% Th17CD4 + T T HARRT [23] HIV RNA HIV HIV HIV HIV HIV HIV ( ) HIV HIV HIV (EIs/FIs) (gp120 gp41) CD4 (CCR5 CXCR4) HIV HIV gp41 T20/enfuvirtide (Trimeris, USA) 2003 FDA gp41 HR2/CHR HIV CCR5 HIV 10 CCR5 HIV CCR5 HIV CCR5 2007 FDA European Commission Maraviroc/UK- 427857(Pfizer, UK) HIV [24] 5 HIV HIV ( ) 25 HIV HIV VaxGen gp120 2003 2007 Merck T ( HIV Gag Pol Nef) b HIV T HIV [25] T [26] Merck HIV HIV ( HIV ) HIV 1/4 (retrovaccinology) [27] 6 000 2 500 ( ) HIV HIV HIV (microbicide) HIV HIV (nonoxynol-9 Savvy ) (cellulose sulphate Carraguard PRO2000) [28]
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