2007 9 9 :100026788 (2007) 0920107208 1, 1, 1, 2 (11, 100876 ;21, 100044) :..,,.,.,. : ;;; : TP39119 : A A System Dynamics Model on Multiple2Echelon Control YANG Tian2jian 1, LV Ting2jie 1, ZHANG Xiao2hang 1, ZHAO Yan2bin 2 (11Economics and Management School, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China ; 21Beijing Hydraulic Research Institute, Beijing 100044,China) Abstract : VMI(Vendor Management Inventory) is divided into two types :VMI based on push inventory control and VMI based on pull inventory control. The traditional supply chains,push2vmi and pull2vmi are modeled and simulated with system dynamics tools. And some traditional constraints on Dispatch Centers are loosened, such as unlimited capacity,and inventory management methods of Dispatch Centers based on VMI are led into the model. After the simulation,many data including retailer inventory fluctuation diagram, bullwhip insight and the total cost fluctuation diagram are achieved. In terms of these comparable data,the push2vmi outperforms the other two is concluded. And that the stock and manufacture policy also play an important role in deducing the bullwhip besides the accumulative lead time is concluded. Key words : multiple2echelon control ; supply chain ; system dynamics ; bullwhip 1. [1 ] ;,;;.,,, [2 ].,, [2 ], 2,..,, Petri, [2 ].,,, [2,3 ].,, :2006206206 : (F0607237) :(1976 - ),,,,,.
108 2007 9..,,,,,,..,, Petri,,,Petri,,,, Petri, Petri,..,.,,, (VMI)., ;,,. (VMI) (pull2vmi) (push2vmi),. [ 4 ] VMI,,. 2 Disney et (1997),Mason2Jones(1997) Disney(2003),Martha C. Wilson (2006) VMI., [5 ] ;,. Ithink510, :(stock) (flow) (converter) (connector), 1.,. ithink, 5, 1.,, ;, ;, ; t f,, ; 1 ;I,, t i ; N i ( D i, i ), ( i = 1,2,, I) ; (),, r ROP i, ( i = 1,2,, I) Q 3 i ; SL i ( i = 1,2,, I),SS i = f ( SL i SL f 2., i ) ;, factory backlog retail backlog, ;ordering at retail, ordering with factory r discharge, f discharge. ordering at retail
9 109, customer demand pattern, N i ( D i, i ), ( i = 1,2,, I), 2. (), shipping to retail ( shipping to customer).,(r effective inventory) (r ROP), ( r inventory correction ),ordering with factory.,( F production process ) (f ROP). (f effective inventory) (Lot size) (f inventory correction), (F production process)., (F production process) (Factory (Retail inventory) (customer), 2. inventory) (in transit to retail) 2 (, ) (Pull2VMI),,, I. 3, ( ordering at retail) ( ordering with factory),48,;,,3. (Push2VMI),,. t f,, t f,;, 3
110 2007 9,, (4 f desired inventory ),,f correction fraction ;, 4. 4 3, DANIMO, [6 ]. :,, N (20,3) ;5 ;,0199,0195,0190,0185, 0180,;0199, ;5 80,40,50,20,100, ;0 2 4,, 2,, ;,,. 120, : 311 5a,,., 175,2 350, ;, 0199., :,. 5b,,.,., 9715,7714,5315,4915,3514,,,.,,,,,1),2)., ;, ;,, 100 %.,, 20, 4,8,12,16,20, 40 8,16,24,32,40., VMI,
9 111 5, 3 shipping to retail. 6 20,5,,514426,814623,12122,16137,18101 ; 40 60 80,.,,. 5c,,, 70,55,3715,30,20..,,,. 312
112 2007 9 7 (, ) Chen [7 ] Disney [8 ], = 012 2 OΠ 2 D + 018 2 NSΠ 2 D,. 2 O, 2 D, 2 NS ( ), ( ). 7a,,.,0600, 01200,,., 65. 7b ( ) ( ),,,.,350 ;,,., 37. 7c () ( ).,280, 25 %,., 213.,,,,VMI VMI,. 313,, 8a. ;120, 10,.,;, 8.,, (8b) 2000 ;(8c) 950,50 % ; (8d) 900,,
9 113 8 ( ). 4. 9,2 1,. 9 5b 7b,.,. 1. Push2VMI. 9 Pull2VMI (, ) 1 (120 ) = 1 101. 6 7. 67 44. 19 1. 996 245. 03 110. 22 = 2 100. 5 6 44. 38 6. 65 345. 8 173. 6,2 1, 10. 10a 10b
114 2007 9 5a 7a,,,. 2. 2 (120 ) = 1 101. 69 7. 135 118. 5 53. 45 478. 1 199. 6 = 2 100. 87 6. 52 236. 95 120. 69 604. 37 305. 12 10 (, ),.,,.,. 5,. (VMI),,.,:1),, ; 2), ;3) Takamichi Stephen,, [9 ].,,.. 1),;. 2),,. 3). 4),. : [1 ]. [M]. :,2005. Zhang Xiaoping. Simulation Theory and Application of Logistics System[M]. Beijing :China Logistics Publishing House,2005. (141 )
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