19 10 2007 10 PROGRESS IN CHEMISTRY Vol. 19 No. 10 Oct., 2007 3 ZnO 3 3 ( 241000) ZnO, ; ZnO, ; ZnO, ZnO : O611162 ; O614124 ; TB383 : A : 10052281X(2007) 1021510207 Low2Dimensional ZnO Nanomaterials Yang Sen Ni Yonghong 3 3 (College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China) Abstract Some new preparation methods of ZnO nanomaterials in recent years, including ionic liquid method, RF magnetron sputtering route, electrochemical synthesis, pulsed laser ablation deposition technique, hydrothermal approach, are presented in this paper. The advantages and disadvantages of these methods are simply summarized. The factors of affecting the morphology of ZnO nanomaterials such as reaction temperature, time, ph, sorts and concentrations of reactants and surfactants are mentioned. Since the surfactant usually plays an important role in the controlled synthesis of ZnO nanocrystals with certain shape in solution phases, many surfactants such as SDS, CTAB, HMTA, PVP, PEG and PMMA are discussed. The potential applications of ZnO nanomaterials in the commodity, medicine, catalyst, information record and store, absorption wave material, rubber and dope industry are introduced and the future development in ZnO nanomaterial research field is supposed. Key words zinc oxide ; morphology ; preparations 1 ZnO 2,, 3137eV, 60meV, :ZnO,,ZnO ;ZnO, ;ZnO,, ; ZnO, (LED), ZnO [3 5 ], ZnO : 2006 11, : 2006 12 3 (No. 20571002) (No. 05021024) (No. 2005kj123,2006KJ006TD) (No. 2005xzx17) 3 3 e2mail :niyh @mail. ahnu. edu. cn, [1 ] [2 ]
10 ZnO 1511, ZnO,ZnO 1 ZnO, SEM 2 [6 15 ], [16 24 ] ZnO ZnO, ; 1 ZnO SEM [27 ] ZnO Fig. 1 SEM images of ZnO nanorod aggregates [27 ], ZnO, 2 ZnO,,:, : ;, (top2down) (, ) (bottom2up) ( 21112 ) Kim [28 ] Si,Zn,, Zn, ZnO [29 ],, ZnO 50nm ZnO 211 ZnO, PL 21111 ( ) ( < 110 ),,,, Zhu [30 ] 2, ZnO, Wang [25 ] 12 232 2 -, Zn (OH) 4 ZnO (2),, [26 ZnO ], Zn (OH) 2, 170 3h, ZnO XRD ; TEM 25nm, 150nm, 280nm, 372nm 516nm ZnO, 2 ZnO SEM [30 ] ZnO Fig. 2 SEM images of ZnO films [30 ] [27 ] 12 232 12 232 12 232 22 ZnO 12 232,,
1512 19, 22,, Sun [35 ], 21113 [31 ] HF2C 2 H 5 OH2H 2 O,,Zn, ZnO XRD ZnO,, TEM : ZnO, 70nm 3 ZnO SEM Gao [32] 4 ZnO (a) ZnO ( b) SEM [35,37 ] ZnO,AFM( ) ZnO Fig. 4 SEM images of ZnO thin films ( a ) [35 ] and ZnO, nanotowers (b) [37 ] 313eV, [36 ] 3 ZnO SEM [31 ] Fig. 3 SEM images of ZnO nanowires [31 ] [33 ],, :,,,, Xie [38 ] ZnSO 4 2H 2 O, C 10 H 8 N 2, 2H 2 O KSCN, ph, 140 24h, 21114 ZnO (5) TEM,, ZnO, [39 41, ] ZnO Okada [34 ] ZnO 99199 %ZnO KrF, (O 2 ΠHe), Al 2 O 3 ZnO KrF, ZnO (4a),,, 21115 Tong [37 ], ZnO (4b) SEM ZnO 120nm ZnO 5 ZnO SEM [38 ], Fig. 5 SEM image of ZnO hollow spheres [38 ]
10 ZnO 1513, [42,43 ZnO ] CTAB ( ), ZnAc 2 2H 2 OZnCl 2,KOH,,, ZnO(6),,, ZnO ZnO 212 ZnO ZnO [42,43 ] TEM () Fig. 6 SEM image of ZnO nanocylinder (a) and TEM image of [42,43 ] ZnO nanorods (b),, ZnO : 51 ph ] Zhou [48 ], ZnO Yin [52 ] SDS ( [44 ] 2 ), ZnO ;,SDS, 4 : SDS ; ;,ZnO Zn 2 + ;, SDS 3,Zn 2 + ZnO ; ZnO, SDS ZnO, 2 SDS,,, Li [53 ] CTAB, 180 24h,, ZnO CTAB ZnO :,,, ZnO, ;,, ZnO ;,, CTAB,, CTAB,CTAB, [ 0001 ], [45, ZnO 6 ZnO SEM () ZnO ZnO,
1514 19 [54 Gao ] HMTA,, ( ),,, ZnO, HMTA ZnO ZnO : HMTA,,: OH - ; OH - Zn 2 + ZnO ; ZnO 312, HMTA ZnO,,,,,, ZnO ZnO, PVP ( ) [55 ] PEG (, [56 ) 57 ] [58 PMMA ( ) 60 ] [63 ] :,, ZnO, 313 ZnO [64, ], ZnO,ZnO,,:, ZnO, ZnO,, ZnO,, 3 ZnO, ZnO 314, ZnO,, [61 ] [65, ZnO ],, 311 [62 ZnO ],,, 2, 315 ZnO, ZnO,, ZnO,,,,,,,, (, [66 ] ), ZnO ZnO,ZnO,
10 ZnO 1515 316 ZnO,,, ZnO ZnO,,,, [67 ], ZnO,,, 317 ZnO (Wang B).,, ZnO,,,,ZnO,ZnO,,,, [68 ] 4 ZnO,ZnO, ZnO ZnO ; ZnO ; ZnO,,,,, ZnO 2006, 6 : 495 498 ZnO,,,: ZnO ;, ; p ZnO [ 1 ] Gao P X, Mai WJ, Wang ZL, et al. Nano Lett., 2006, 6(11) : 2536 2543 [ 2 ] Li Z Q, Xie Y, Xiong YJ, et al. Chem. A Europ. J., 2004, 10 (22) : 5823 5828 [ 3 ] (An X), (Ren F), (Li J L), (Wang J F). (Chin. J. Catal. ), 2005, 26(9) : 729 730 [ 4 ] (Teng Z Q), (Zhu P), (Zhang J B), (China Textile Leader), 2005, 6 : 90 92 [ 5 ] (Zhou C L), (Wang X), (Hu Y). ( Eng. Plas. Appl. ), 2005, 33 : 47 49 [ 6 ] (Zhang Y), ( Ge C W), ( Yu W). (Journal of Southeast University), 2001, 31 : 11 12 [ 7 ] (Wang Z L), (Wu T H), ( Yu J F). (Chemical Journal of Chinese Universities), 2004, 25 : 550 552 [ 8 ] Lee J H, Lea I C, Hon M H. J. Crystal Growth, 2005, 275 : 2069 2075 [ 9 ] Gordillo G, Calderon C. Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, 2001, 69 : 251 260 [10] Fox G R, Damjanovic D. Sensors and Actuators A : Physical, 1997, 63 : 153 160 [11] Wang X H, Shi J L, Dai S G, Yang Y. Thin Solid Films, 2003, 429 : 102 107 [12] Yang Y, Chu Y, Zhang Y P, et al. J. Solid State Chem., 2006, 179 : 470 475 [13] Nagase T, Ooie T, Sakakibara J. Thin Solid Films, 1999, 357 : 151 158 [14] Kim T W, Yoon Y S. J. Crystal Growth, 2000, 212 : 411 415 [15] Ke X Y, Hua C Z. J. Phys. Chem. B, 2006, 110 : 14736, 197 206 14743 [16] Henley S J, Ashfold M N R, Cherns D. Surface and Coatings Technology, 2004, 177Π178 : 271 276 [17] Sun Y, Fuge G M, Ashfold M N R. Superlattices and Microstructures, 2006, 39 : 33 40 [18] Kennedy J, Markwitz A, Li Z W, et al. Current Appl. Phys., [19] Wang J, Cao J M, Fang B Q, et al. Mater. Lett., 2005, 59 : 1405 1408 [20] Narayanan V, Thareja R K. Optics Commun., 2006, 260 : 170 174 [21] Chyiching H, Tsuangyung W. Mater. Sci. Eng. B, 2004, 111 :
1516 19 [22] Gao F, Lee S J, Balakumar S, et al. Thin Solid Films, 2006, 495 : 68 72 [23] Sampa C, Binay K D. J. Hazardous Mater. B, 2004, 112 : 269 278 [24] (Dong W W), ( Yang B F), ( Fu Z P). ( Chinese Journal of Chemical Physics), 2005, 18 : 396 400 [25] Wang W W, Zhu Y J. Inorg. Chem. Commun., 2004, 7 : 1003 1005 [26] (Chen L J), ( Zhang S M), (Wu Z S). ( Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry), 2005, 22 : 554 556 [27] (Cao J M), (Wang J), (Fang B Q). ( Chinese Journal of Physical Chemistry), 2005, 21 (6) : 668 672 [28] Kim S, Jeong M C, Oh B Y, et al. J. Crystal Growth, 2006, 290 : 485 489 [29] (Li Y G), ( Xue C S), ( Zhuang H Z). ( Semiconductor Optoelectronics), 2005, 26 : 425 427 [30] Zhu X W, Li Y Q, Lu Y, et al. Vacuum, 2006, 81(4) : 502 506 [31] (Meng A L), (Lin Y S), (Wang G X). ( Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry), 2005, 21 : 583 587 [32] Gao Y F, Nagai M, Masuda Y, et al. J. Crystal Growth, 2006, 286 : 445 450 [33] (Zhang Y), (Wang G), (Cui Y P). (Chinese Journal of Lasers), 2004, 31(1) : 97 100 [34] Okada T, Kawashima K, Ueda M. Applied Phys. A, 2005, 81 : 907 910 [35] Sun Y W, Gospodyn J, Kursa P, et al. Applied Surface Science, 2005, 248 : 392 396 [36] Xu Q Y, Hartmann L, Schmidt H, et al. Thin Solid Films, 2006, 515 : 2549 2554 [37] Tong Y H, Liu Y C, Shao CL, et al. J. Phys. Chem. B, 2006, 110 : 14714 14718 [38] Li Z Q, Xie Y, Xiong Y J, et al. New J. Chem., 2003, 27 (10) : 1518 1521 [39] Li Z Q, Xie Y, Xiong YJ, et al. Chem. Lett., 2003, 32 (8) : 760 761 [40] Li Z Q, Xiong Y J, Xie Y. Nanotechnology, 2005, 16 (10) : 2303 2308 [41] Gao P, Xie Y, Ying C, et al. J. Nanoparticle Res., 2006, 8 (1) : 131 136 [42] Ni Y H, Wei X W, Hong H M, et al. Mater. Sci. Eng. B, 2005, 121 (1Π2) : 42 47 [43] Ni Y H, Wei X W, Hong H M, et al. J. Crystal Growth, 2005, 283 : 48 56 [44] Wang Z L, Song J H. Science, 2006, 312 : 242 245 [45] Sun Y D, Jason R, Michael N, Ashfold R. J. Phys. Chem. B, 2006, 110 : 15186 15192 [46] Chen B J, Sun X W, Xu C X. Ceramics International, 2004, 30 : 1725 1729 [47] Meng X Q, Zhao D X, Zhang J Y, et al. Chem. Phys. Lett., 2005, 407 : 91 94 [48] Zhou H L, Li Z. Mater. Chem. Phys., 2005, 89 : 326 331 [49] Lionel V. Adv. Mater., 2003, 15 : 464 466 [50] Pal U, Santiago P. J. Phys. Chem. B, 2005, 109 : 15317 15321 [51] Hou H W, Xie Y, Li Q. Solid State Science, 2005, 7(1) : 45 51 [52] Yin H Y, Xu Z D, Wang Q S, et al. Mater. Chem. Phys., 2005, 91 : 130 133 [53] Sun X M, Chen X, Deng Z X, Li Y D. Mater. Chem. Phys., 2002, 78 : 99 104 [54] Gao X D, Li X M, Yu W D. J. Phys. Chem. B, 2005, 109 : 1155 1161 [55] Sui X M, Liu Y C, Shao C L, et al. Chem. Phys. Lett., 2006, 424 : 340 344 [56] Li Z Q, Xiong Y J, Xie Y. Inorg. Chem., 2003, 42 ( 24) : 8105 8109 [57] Duan J X, Huang X T, Wang E K, et al. Mater. Lett., 2006, 60 : 1918 1921 [58] Hong R Y, Qian J Z, Cao J X. Powder Technology, 2006, 163 : 160 168 [59] Michaelis E, Wohrle D, Rathousky J, Wark M. Thin Solid Films, 2006, 497 : 163 169 [60] Burova L I, Petukhov D I, ELiseev A A, et al. Superlattice and Microstructures, 2006, 39 : 257 266 [61] ( Yue D T), ( Tang Z C). (Chinese Journal of Physical Chemistry), 2005, 21 : 446 449 [62] (Wang C Y), (Jin L). ( ) (Journal of Shandong Agricultural University ( Natural Science) ), 2006, 37 : 39 42 [63] (Han D), (Ren X L), (Chen D). ( Photographic Science and Photochemistry), 2005, 23 : 414 420 [64] (Zhao Y T), (He W F), (Li S M), (Li C S). (Journal of Jiangsu University), 2005, 1 : 62 66 [65] (Chu L S), (Zhou Z W). (Journal of Functional Materials), 2006, 1(37) : 47 49 [66] Koho K K. JP 42 788 (Cl. B60C11Π00), 2004 [67] (Tian Q B), (Wang Y), ( Yin Y S). (China Ceramic Industry), 2005, 12 : 21 23 [68] ( Wang X D), ( Tie S L ). ( Electroplating & Furnishing), 2005, 24(3) : 27 30