D 2006, 36 (8): 713~722 713 * ** (, 210008;, 100085;, 100039) 137 Cs 210 Pb, Cs, ; 210 PbCRS,,, 210 PbCRS. 14 C,,, 14 C, 14 C, CE-2 40~35 cm., 14 C,,,. 14 C, 210 Pb 137 Cs,.., 14 C, 200 210 Pb 137 Cs. 14 C, 14 C( ), 14 C,, CO 2,, 14 C [1,2].,, (DIC),, 14 C [2]., (1), ; : 2005-09-29; : 2006-03-07 * ( : KZCX3-SW-339) ( : 2004CB720200) ** E-mail: yhwu@niglas.ac.cn
714 D 36 (2), ; (3),, ; (4), CO 2 ;, 14 C.,,,,, [3~7]. 137 Cs, 137 Cs, [8], 210 Pb 14 C, 210 Pb 210 Pb, [9,10]. 137 Cs 210 Pb,, 210 Pb CIC CRS. 137 Cs, 210 Pb 13 14 C,,. 1 (31 24 ~31 32 N, 91 28 ~91 33 E), 14.8 km, 5.7 km, 61.3 km 2, 5 m,, 14,,, 1081 km 2. 2000 7 ph 9.8, 12.06 g/l( 1).,.,,,,,,,,.. 2.0, 300~600 mm (1954~1997 ), 5~9, 80%, (6~9 ), 1000 mm., 1
8 715 [11,12]1). 1999 7, 70 cm(ce-1), 31 30 01 N, 91 31 41 E, 4.8 m, 4532 m. 30 cm 0.5 cm 137 Cs 210 Pb, 15 cm 0.5 cm 15 cm 1 cm. 2000 7,,, 5.3 m(ce-2), 1.6 m 1 cm, 2 cm, 10 14 C, 14 C. CE-1 CE-2, 34~35 cm, : 0~35 cm, ; 35~40 cm,,, 40~371 cm,, ; 371~483 cm ; 483 cm., 35 cm,. 35 cm,,. 2 2.1 137 Cs 210 Pb 210 Pb 137 Cs CE-1 30 cm, (<40 ),, EG & G Ortec (Ortec HPGe GWL) Ortec919 γ. 16.5 cm 137 Cs, 1952, 10.5 cm, 1963, 1986 137 Cs,. CE-1 1998, 137 Cs, CE-1 0~10.5 cm 3 mm/a, 10.5~16.5 cm 5.45 mm/a.,,, 137 Cs. 210 Pb exc, CIC 210 Pb, CE-1 : 3.64 mm/a. 210 Pb exc, CRS [10], : A(x)=A(0)e kt, A(0) 210 Pb exc, A(x) x 210 Pb exc, k 210 Pb 0.03114. CRS, 1 2. 2.2 14 C CE-2 10 14 C, 3 (AMS), 7 (LSC),. 3,. : 47~50 cm, 14 C 210 Pb 137 Cs., 2004 6 14 C, Poznań 14 C AMS, 1., 35 cm, 1 cm 35 39 cm, 4.12 m.,, 14 C,, ( Bittman ). 14 C OxCal 3.5, INTCAL 98, 2σ, ( 2, 3). 1). ( ). 1977 www.scichina.com
716 D 36 /cm 210 Pb exc /Bq kg 1 CRS (AD) 1 CE-1 210 PbCRS -1 /cm /g m 2 a 210 Pb exc /Bq kg 1 CRS (AD) -1 /g m 2 a 0.25 5.618513 1998 4055.552 9.75 5.063248 1954 2847.651 0.75 7.340485 1997 5143.088 10.5 5.04144 1950 2216.086 1.25 12.39406 1996 2598.827 11.5 3.205898 1946 3017.521 1.75 12.00901 1994 2324.561 12.5 3.264632 1944 2720.009 2.25 13.72033 1991 2405.967 13.5 3.081378 1941 3178.135 2.75 7.924839 1989 4600.255 14.5 3.025719 1938 2271.988 3.25 10.0827 1987 2949.084 15.5 2.779351 1935 2090.919 3.75 6.493962 1985 3683.734 16.5 2.697619 1931 1934.603 4.25 9.850363 1983 3166.437 17.5 3.360299 1928 1833.18 4.75 6.319139 1981 4183.985 18.5 2.97554 1923 1724.241 5.25 6.901772 1979 3843.713 19.5 2.529442 1917 2294.5 5.75 7.508682 1977 3616.273 20.5 1.693823 1912 2053.054 6.25 7.487134 1974 3423.495 21.5 1.69111 1908 2085.517 6.75 6.916058 1972 3430.327 22.5 1.384883 1903 1160.897 7.25 6.854844 1969 3055.519 23.5 1.972535 1898 946.3886 7.75 8.308183 1966 3867.937 24.5 1.944798 1891 576.2806 8.25 6.091893 1963 4837.53 25.5 2.095582 1881 571.1346 8.75 5.992445 1960 3672.627 26.5 1.286831 1864 2847.651 9.25 4.655895 1956 3239.396 27.7 1.857665 1847 2 CE-1 137 Cs 210 Pb
8 717 2 CE-2 14 C a) 14 C e /m (abp) (2σ cal. abp) (cal. abp) (cal. abp) (+/ a) CE-1B 0.01 OM bulk AMS 3260±30 3567~3396 3469 3482 85 CE-35B 0.35 OM bulk AMS 4660±40 5573~5305 5412 5439 134 CE-35D 0.35 Plant r. AMS 4410±35 5255~4866 5020 5061 195 CE-39B 0.39 OM bulk AMS 4480±35 5298~4972 5116 5135 163 CE-39D 0.39 Plant r. AMS 4340±40 5031~4833 4866 4932 99 Ce-1-9 0.47~0.50 OM bulk AMS 4510 ± 130 5580~4833 5135 5207 373 Ce-1-10 1.70 OM bulk AMS 6660 ± 80 7671~7425 7530 7548 123 Ce-1-2 1.93~1.98 OM bulk LSC 6426 ± 45 7427~7253 7366 7340 87 Ce-1-3 2.37~2.40 OM bulk LSC 8030 ± 95 9254~8599 9000 8926 328 Ce-1-4 3.09~3.14 OM bulk LSC 8690 ± 90 10145~9502 9627 9824 321 Ce-1-6 3.76~3.82 OM bulk LSC 9126 ± 330 11197~9490 10238 10344 853 CE-286D 4.12 Plant r. AMS 7650±50 8539~8368 8411 8454 85 Ce-1-8 4.74~4.84 OM bulk AMS 11570 ± 90 13851~13176 13480 13513 338 a) OM bulk ; Plant r. ; b) AMS ; LSC 4 CE-2 3 CE-2 14 C 3 3.1 1954~1999 CRS ( 4),,,,,,. 1964, 1988, 1997 1998,., 137 Cs 210 PbCIC CRS 3. CIC, 27.7 cm 1.834 mm/a. 10.5 cm CRS 1950, 16.5 cm 1931, 137 Cs ( 1), Cs 137 Cs. 137 Cs, 210 Pb exc, CIC,,. www.scichina.com
718 D 36 CRS. 3.2 14 C CE-1B(1 cm) 3469 cal. a BP( 2),. 35 39 cm, 392 250 a,,.,, 3470 a. 3470 a,,,,, CE-35B CE-1-10, : X = 16.2Y+755.2, r 2 =0.89, n=11, X, Y., 755 cal. a BP,., 40~35 cm. : (1) 35~40 cm,, ; (2) Th/U [13] ; (3) [13] ; (4), 2000 a BP, [4,14], 1.2~1.0 ka BP [15,16],,,,,,,. 210 Pb, CE-2 35 cm 230 abp,, 40 cm 1403 cal abp, CE-2 40~35 cm 1000., CE-2, 40~35 cm, CE-2 35 cm 210 PbCRS, 40 cm 14 C. CE-286D(4.12 m) 14 C 14 C (CE-1-6 CE-1-8),, CO 2,., CE-286D,.,,,., [17], CE-2 8~32 µm, CE-2 40 cm 5. 3.3 CE-1 CE-2, [15~19],, [5]. 210 PbCRS, 20,, 20 30,, 30 40, 40, 80. 1937,, 1910~1930,, 20 40,,.,. 1954, ( 6). CE-1,, 20 30 40,,,,,,, ; 40,,,,
8 719 5 CRS CE-1 1954 6 CE-1. 1963,,, ( 6). CE1 [20,21], [22~26],, 20, 20 40 ; www.scichina.com
720 D 36 20, 40 [27], 1931~1990 [25], CE-1. CE-1 210 Pb CRS.,,, 8.2 ka BP,,, [27~36]. O Brien, [33], [34]., [35,36]. CE-2 14 C, ( 7). 7, 9 cal. ka BP, 8.3 cal. ka BP,, 8 ka BP. 8~5 cal. ka BP, Rb/Sr, TOC, TOC 8 cal. ka BP,., [27]. 5 cal. ka BP,, 4.2 cal. ka BP Rb/Sr,,,., 4~3 cal. ka BP 7 CE-2
8 721,,,,, ; 3.9~3.2 ka BP ; 4.2 ka BP, 3 ka BP [4,5,15,16,37]. 1 ka BP,, [4,14]. 4 210 PbCRS,,,, 50,.,, 14 C. 14 C,, 14 C,,.,,., 8.3, 6.2, 4.2 1 cal. ka BP,. 1 Lowe J J. Radiocarbon dating: recent application and future potential. Quat Proceedings, 1991, 1: 1 89 2 Schotton F W. An example of hard-water error in radiocarbon dating of vegetable organic matter. Nature, 1972, 240: 460 461 3 Fontes J C, Gasse F, Gibert E. Hollocene environmental changes in Lake Bangong basin (West Tibet), Part 1: Chronology and stable isotope of carbonates of a Holocene lacustrine core. Palaeogeogr Palaeoclimatol Palaeoecol, 1996, 120: 25 47[DOI] 4,,,.., 1993, 35(12): 943 950 5,,,. 12000., 1993, 38(1): 61 64 6 Wang R L, Scarpitta S C, Zhang S C, et al. Later Pleistocene/Holocene climate conditions of Qinghai-Xizang Plateau (Tibet) based on carbon and oxygen stable isotopes of Zabuye lake sediments. Earth Planet Lett, 2002, 203: 461 477[DOI] 7 He Y, Wilfred H. Theakstone, et al. Asynchronous Holocene climatic change across China. Quat Res, 2004, 61: 52 63[DOI] 8 Wan G J, Santschi P H, Sturm M, et al. Natural ( 210 Pb, 7 Be) and fallout ( 137 Cs, 239,240 Pu, 90 Sr) radionuclides as geochemical tracers of sedimentation in Greifensee, Switzerland. Geochem Geol, 1987, 63: 181 196[DOI] 9. 210 Pb., 1997, 3: 230 239 10 Appleby P G, Oldfield F. The calculation of lead-210 dates assuming a constant rate of supply of unsupported 210 Pb to the sediment. Catena, 1978, 5: 1 8 11,,.., 1979, 34(1): 1 11 12,,,.. :. :, 1990. 1 48 13 Jin Z D, Wu Y H, Zhang X H, et al. Role of late glacial to mid-holocene climate in the catchment weathering in the central Tibetan Plateau. Quat Res, 2005, 63: 161 170[DOI] 14,.., 1996, 13(4): 407 422 15 Gasse F, Arnold M, Fontes J C, et al. A 13,000-year climate record from western Tibet. Nature, 1991, 353: 742 745[DOI] 16 Gasse F, Fontes J C, Van Campo E, et al. Holocene environmental changes in Bangong Co basin (Western Tibet). Part 4: discussion and conclusion. Palaeogeogr Palaeoclimatol Palaeoecol, 1996, 120: 79 92[DOI] 17,. RM δ O, δ C., 1997, 17(4): 63 7 18,,,. 1770., 2003, 23(4): 115 120. 19 Lu H Y, Wu N Q, Gu Z Y, et al. Distribution of carbon isotope composition of morden soils on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Biogeochem, 2004, 70: 273 297 20,.., 2000, 10(4): 325 332 21. 2000., 2003, 18(2): 285 291 22 Yao T D, Shi Y F, Thompson L G. High resolution record of paleoclimate since the Little Ice Age from the Tibetan ice cores. Quat Int, 1997, 37: 19 23[DOI] 23,. 300., 2002, 24(6): 717 722 24,, Graumlich L J,. 2000., 2000, 15(2): 215 221 25,,. www.scichina.com
722 D 36 2000., 2001, 21(6): 514 519 26,. 1310., 1996, 16(4): 368 378 27,,,.., B, 1992, 22(12): 1300 1308 28 Stager J C, Mayewski P A. Abrupt early to mid-hollocene climatic transition registered at the equator and the poles. Science, 1997, 276: 1834 1836[DOI] 29 Willemse N W, Tornqvist T E. Holocene century-scale temperature variability from West Greenland lake records. Geology, 1999, 27: 580 584[DOI] 30 Steig E J. Mid-Holocene climate change. Science, 1999, 286: 1485 1487[DOI] 31 Alley R B, Mayewski P A, Sowers T, et al. Holocene climatic instability: A prominent, widespread event 8200a ago. Geology, 1997, 25: 483 486[DOI] 32. 13000., 1989, 28: 495 511 33 O Brien S R, Mayewski P A, Meeker L D, et al. Complexity of Holocene climate as reconstructed from a Greenland ice core. Science, 1995, 270: 1962 1964 34 Bond G, Showers W, Cheseby M, et al. A pervasive millennial-scale cycle in North Atlantic Holocene and Glacial climates. Science, 1997, 280: 1257 1265 [DOI] 35 Denton G, Karlen W. Holocene climate variation pattern and possible cause. Quat Res, 1973, 3: 155 205 36 Bianchi G G, McCave J N. Holocene Periodicity in North Atlantic climate and deep-ocean flow South of Iceland. Nature, 1999, 397: 515 517[DOI] 37,,.., B, 1990, (6): 652 663