1674-5566 2011 02-0230 - 08 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 1. 201306 2. 310024 27. 0% 3. 0% 6. 0% 9. 0% 12. 0% 12. 0% 0. 1% 6 A B C D E F 27. 0% 0. 12 ± 0. 04 g 30 d 0. 23 ± 0. 12 g 23 d 9. 0% P > 0. 05 P > 0. 05 9. 0% DHA + EPA A 12. 0% S 963. 1 Macrobrachium nipponensis Psetta maxima 11 Oncorhynchus mykiss 12 Dicentrarchus labrax 13 Sparus aurata L. 14 1 2-4 5 Paralichthys olivaceus 15 6 7-10 16 5% ~ 10% 9. 1% ~ 50% ~ 60% 18. 2% 10% 17 corn gluten meal 60% ~ 70% V B V E 2010-09-24 2010-12-08 073205111 Y1101 1985 - Tel 021-61900463 E-mail xxhuang@ shou. edu. cn

2 231 2. 97 ± 0. 42 cm 18 35 23 d 50 cm 60 cm 120 cm 4 m 5 m 1. 5 m 3 1 1. 1 0. 4 mg /L ph 8. 0 ~ 8. 5 4 24 00 6 00 12 00 18 00 3 h 18 00 65. 35% 3. 90% 1. 74% 7. 10% 3. 10% 62. 50% 12. 30% 4. 00% 10. 06% R W C AF 1. 2 6 42% R W % = W t - W 0 /W 0 100 A C AF = F / W t + W s - W 0 27. 0% B C D E N t L t W t 3. 0% 6. 0% 9. 0% 12. 0% N 0 L 0 W 0 11. 1% 22. 2% 33. 3% 44. 4% F E W s 0. 1% 15 80-20 105 2. 5 mm 1. 5 ~ 2. 0 mm 4 1 L-8800 1. 3 - HP6890A 0. 12 ± 0. 04 g 1. 5 2. 16 ± 0. 24 cm M ± SD SPSS 13. 0 18 50 30 d 0. 23 ± 0. 12 g 26 ~ 30 6 mg /L 1. 4 50 S R L S % = N t /N 0 100 R L % = L t - L 0 /L 0 100 1 2 3 4-550 Duncan s

232 20 1 Tab. 1 Ingredients and nutritional compositions of the experimental diets % % B C D E F 27. 0 24. 0 21. 0 18. 0 15. 0 15. 0 0 3. 0 6. 0 9. 0 12. 0 12. 0 7. 0 7. 0 7. 0 7. 0 7. 0 7. 0 12. 0 12. 0 12. 0 12. 0 12. 0 12. 0 14. 0 14. 0 14. 0 14. 0 14. 0 14. 0 3. 0 3. 0 3. 0 3. 0 3. 0 3. 0 α 5. 0 5. 0 5. 0 5. 0 5. 0 5. 0 21. 8 21. 5 21. 2 20. 8 20. 5 20. 4 2. 0 2. 0 2. 0 2. 0 2. 0 2. 0 2. 0 2. 0 2. 0 2. 0 2. 0 2. 0 0. 2 0. 2 0. 2 0. 2 0. 2 0. 2 * 5. 5 5. 5 5. 5 5. 5 5. 5 5. 5 0. 5 0. 8 1. 1 1. 5 1. 8 1. 8 0 0 0 0 0 0. 1 ** % 41. 93 ± 0. 58 42. 09 ± 0. 11 42. 35 ± 0. 40 42. 24 ± 0. 10 42. 24 ± 0. 18 41. 88 ± 0. 27 8. 66 ± 0. 01 8. 79 ± 0. 03 8. 78 ± 0. 11 8. 98 ± 0. 07 8. 92 ± 0. 03 8. 67 ± 0. 28 9. 34 ± 0. 68 9. 17 ± 1. 56 8. 63 ± 1. 21 8. 55 ± 0. 38 7. 99 ± 0. 84 8. 06 ± 0. 21 MJ /Kg 20. 2 20. 3 20. 4 20. 4 20. 5 20. 4 asp 4. 29 4. 34 3. 99 3. 91 3. 69 3. 79 thr 1. 47 1. 50 1. 36 1. 32 1. 22 1. 23 ser 1. 58 1. 59 1. 47 1. 45 1. 34 1. 33 glu 6. 55 6. 59 6. 07 5. 95 5. 66 5. 77 gly 2. 34 2. 34 2. 14 2. 08 1. 95 1. 99 Ala 3. 24 3. 22 3. 00 2. 98 2. 81 2. 84 val 2. 54 2. 58 2. 36 2. 31 2. 22 2. 26 Met 0. 62 0. 57 0. 53 0. 48 0. 43 0. 58 Ile 1. 55 1. 58 1. 44 1. 40 1. 28 1. 33 Leu 3. 65 3. 69 3. 41 3. 35 3. 16 3. 23 Tyr 1. 39 1. 42 1. 30 1. 26 1. 16 1. 21 Phe 2. 17 2. 24 2. 03 2. 00 1. 92 1. 98 His 1. 40 1. 40 1. 31 1. 29 1. 21 1. 28 Lys 2. 59 2. 48 2. 37 2. 31 2. 15 2. 19 Arg 2. 76 2. 76 2. 58 2. 53 2. 38 2. 44 Pro 1. 97 2. 00 1. 84 1. 83 1. 68 1. 72 Trp - - - - - - TAA 40. 10 40. 32 37. 20 36. 43 34. 25 35. 16 * ** MJ /kg = g /kg 23. 85 + g /kg 39. 33 + g /kg - g /kg - g /kg - g /kg 17. 57 1000 2 P > 0. 05 2. 1 P < 0. 05 P > 0. 12. 0% 0. 1% 2 P > 0. 05

2 233 Tab. 2 2 Effect of substitution of fish meal by corn gluten meal on the growth survival rate and apparent feeding ratio of M. nipponensis n = 3 X ± SD % % % A 70. 14 ± 7. 95 237. 96 ± 29. 04 74. 0 ± 5. 29 1. 62 ± 0. 07 a B 67. 38 ± 5. 66 217. 56 ± 79. 73 66. 7 ± 17. 01 1. 97 ± 0. 10 b C 67. 30 ± 8. 53 163. 35 ± 43. 53 82. 7 ± 5. 03 2. 00 ± 0. 08 b D 65. 74 ± 6. 46 180. 05 ± 54. 94 75. 3 ± 4. 16 2. 04 ± 0. 63 b E 58. 28 ± 12. 2 208. 23 ± 19. 45 80. 0 ± 12. 49 2. 05 ± 0. 05 b F 56. 34 ± 3. 14 235. 32 ± 47. 68 76. 0 ± 7. 21 1. 98 ± 0. 07 b % % % A 12. 64 ± 0. 86 106. 98 ± 5. 25 90. 5 ± 1. 7 1. 31 ± 0. 08 B 11. 08 ± 2. 62 90. 24 ± 15. 61 87. 6 ± 3. 3 1. 32 ± 0. 12 C 14. 24 ± 2. 76 90. 30 ± 5. 07 90. 5 ± 7. 2 1. 47 ± 0. 44 D 11. 97 ± 1. 33 90. 14 ± 1. 31 90. 5 ± 3. 3 1. 52 ± 0. 10 E 11. 41 ± 2. 72 84. 60 ± 9. 33 90. 5 ± 5. 9 1. 52 ± 0. 09 F 14. 69 ± 3. 25 94. 11 ± 11. 34 84. 8 ± 7. 2 1. 41 ± 0. 10 2. 2 P < 70. 05 P > 0. 05 3 E P > 12. 0% 0. 05 Tab. 3 3 Effect of substitution of fish meal by corn gluten meal on nutritional components of muscle of M. nipponensis n = 3 X ± SD % / % % % % A 80. 01 ± 1. 14 18. 62 ± 0. 29 a 1. 22 ± 0. 07 1. 11 B 79. 35 ± 0. 18 19. 01 ± 0. 20 ab 1. 38 ± 0. 01 1. 18 C 79. 58 ± 0. 16 18. 71 ± 0. 11 a 1. 49 ± 0. 16 1. 13 D 79. 48 ± 0. 54 18. 81 ± 0. 09 ab 1. 31 ± 0. 35 1. 14 E 78. 74 ± 0. 28 19. 42 ± 0. 06 b 1. 42 ± 0. 05 1. 16 F 79. 43 ± 0. 62 18. 85 ± 0. 06 ab 1. 46 ± 0. 02 1. 06 P > 0. 05 2. 3 12. 0% 3 3. 1 P > 0. 05 4 2. 4 7 36. 8% ~ 42. 27% 6% ~ 12% 8 5 16 0 38. 7% ~ 20 5n3 18 1n9 18 3n3 18 0 40. 3% 9 PUFA EPA + DHA 41% ~ 41. 5%

234 20 10 30% 42. 35% 8. 66% ~ 8. 98% 18. 8 MJ /kg 20. 2 ~ 20. 5 MJ /kg 41. 88% ~ 4 Tab. 4 Effect of substitution of fish meal by corn gluten meal on amino acid contents in muscle of the shrimp M. nipponensis n = 3 X ± SD % A B C D E F Asp 8. 91 ± 0. 01 9. 03 ± 0. 09 9. 00 ± 0. 03 8. 85 ± 0. 35 9. 15 ± 0. 20 8. 94 ± 0. 16 Thr 2. 81 ± 0. 03 2. 87 ± 0. 09 2. 77 ± 0. 03 2. 74 ± 0. 15 2. 81 ± 0. 04 2. 76 ± 0. 02 Ser 2. 82 ± 0. 05 2. 96 ± 0. 25 2. 73 ± 0. 14 2. 67 ± 0. 21 2. 75 ± 0. 02 2. 73 ± 0. 01 Glu 12. 63 ± 0. 03 12. 74 ± 0. 05 12. 66 ± 0. 07 12. 45 ± 0. 42 12. 80 ± 0. 28 12. 45 ± 0. 20 Gly 5. 36 ± 0. 03 a 5. 55 ± 0. 004 ab 5. 45 ± 0. 04 ab 5. 35 ± 0. 14 a 5. 67 ± 0. 15 b 5. 66 ± 0. 08 b Ala 6. 09 ± 0. 05 6. 31 ± 0. 10 6. 04 ± 0. 01 6. 03 ± 0. 25 6. 17 ± 0. 10 6. 01 ± 0. 003 Val 3. 82 ± 0. 03 3. 83 ± 0. 12 3. 87 ± 0. 06 3. 81 ± 0. 09 3. 93 ± 0. 09 3. 81 ± 0. 08 Met 1. 77 ± 0. 27 ab 2. 44 ± 0. 03 b 1. 79 ± 0. 45 ab 1. 57 ± 0. 55 a 1. 78 ± 0. 14 ab 2. 04 ± 0. 16 ab Ile 3. 77 ± 0. 03 3. 86 ± 0. 11 3. 80 ± 0. 01 3. 73 ± 0. 13 3. 86 ± 0. 10 3. 76 ± 0. 07 Leu 6. 39 ± 0. 02 6. 56 ± 0. 01 6. 38 ± 0. 02 6. 29 ± 0. 23 6. 47 ± 0. 15 6. 31 ± 0. 09 Tyr 3. 06 ± 0. 06 3. 10 ± 0. 02 3. 08 ± 0. 03 3. 00 ± 0. 19 3. 16 ± 0. 06 3. 10 ± 0. 08 Phe 3. 60 ± 0. 09 3. 65 ± 0. 09 3. 57 ± 0. 04 3. 55 ± 0. 05 3. 67 ± 0. 01 3. 58 ± 0. 15 His 2. 18 ± 0. 03 a 2. 25 ± 0. 04 ab 2. 24 ± 0. 02 ab 2. 23 ± 0. 06 ab 2. 31 ± 0. 05 b 2. 23 ± 0. 02 ab Lys 7. 74 ± 0. 01 7. 79 ± 0. 07 7. 67 ± 0. 09 7. 59 ± 0. 21 7. 78 ± 0. 19 7. 61 ± 0. 13 Arg 6. 73 ± 0. 001 6. 91 ± 0. 02 6. 84 ± 0. 04 6. 66 ± 0. 22 6. 91 ± 0. 16 6. 63 ± 0. 11 Pro 3. 11 ± 0. 02 ab 3. 19 ± 0. 02 bc 3. 24 ± 0. 02 c 3. 13 ± 0. 09 ab 3. 14 ± 0. 06 ab 3. 06 ± 0. 03 a Trp - - - - - - TAA 80. 79 ± 0. 42 83. 10 ± 0. 06 81. 13 ± 0. 24 79. 65 ± 3. 33 82. 36 ± 1. 79 80. 68 ± 1. 05 EAA 29. 90 ± 0. 40 31. 00 ± 0. 26 29. 85 ± 0. 27 29. 29 ± 1. 40 30. 30 ± 0. 71 29. 87 ± 0. 39 P > 0. 05 Tab. 5 5 Effect of substitution of fish meal by corn gluten meal on fatty acid profiles of the muscle of M. nipponensis A B C D E F 14 0 3. 05 2. 57 3. 01 2. 76 3. 25 2. 56 15 0 0. 55 0. 53 0. 55 0. 57 1. 66 0. 53 16 0 24. 15 24. 39 25. 67 25. 10 26. 14 24. 30 16 1 2. 18 2. 03 1. 93 2. 14 3. 04 2. 02 16 2 0. 48 0. 35 0. 29 0. 27 0. 53 0. 35 17 0 0. 91 0. 84 0. 83 0. 87 1. 41 0. 84 17 1 0. 56 0. 09 0. 22 0. 34 0. 64 0. 14 18 0 8. 16 8. 22 7. 76 7. 82 6. 76 8. 19 18 1n9 14. 11 15. 98 14. 74 15. 03 15. 11 15. 92 18 2n6 4. 29 4. 68 4. 30 4. 64 4. 85 4. 66 18 3n3 11. 62 11. 02 11. 94 12. 12 10. 78 10. 98 18 4n6 0. 96 0. 22 0. 89 0. 89 1. 05 0. 74 20 0 0. 46 0. 74 0. 81 0. 93 1. 80 0. 23 20 1 0. 34 0. 32 0. 30 0. 30 0. 29 0. 32 20 2n6 1. 09 1. 25 1. 14 1. 32 0. 79 1. 25 20 4n6 3. 53 3. 19 2. 86 3. 04 4. 26 3. 18 21 0 0. 31 0. 15 0. 17 0. 20 0. 42 0. 21 20 5n3 16. 16 16. 95 16. 48 15. 48 8. 57 16. 89 22 6n3 4. 77 4. 88 4. 48 4. 33 4. 01 4. 86 2. 34 1. 60 1. 63 1. 84 4. 64 1. 84 SFA 37. 58 37. 44 38. 79 43. 77 41. 44 36. 86 MUFA 17. 19 18. 41 17. 19 17. 82 19. 08 18. 39 PUFA 42. 90 42. 55 42. 39 42. 09 34. 84 42. 91 EPA + DHA 20. 92 21. 83 20. 97 19. 81 12. 58 21. 75

2 235 L 22 18-20 12% 75% 17 16 P > 5% ~ 10% 0. 05 66. 7% ~ 12% 82. 7% 44. 4% 0. 1% P > 0. 05 84. 5% ~ 90. 5% 2 56. 34% ~ 70. 14% 163. 35% ~ 15 237. 96% 11. 08% ~ 1 14. 69% 84. 60% ~ 106. 98% KIKUCHI 15 REGOST 11 EL-EBIARY 13 36. 4 ± 2. 3 LIM 23 mm 21 3. 2 12. 0% aureovittata 25-26 P < 0. 05 P > 0. 05 16 P > 0. 05 12. 0% 44. 4% REGOST 11 Psetta maxima 9 52% 20% 40% 16 17 KIKUCHI 15 75% Paralichthys olivaceus 8 5 40% SFA 60% PUFA EPA + MOYANO 12 Oncorhynchus mykiss EL-EBIARY 13 Dicentrarchus labrax PEREIRA 14 Sparus aurata 12 24 Seriola DHA 9. 0% PUFA EPA + DHA

236 20 of sea bass fry Dicentrarchus labrax J 373-386. 9% PRR PER Sparus aurata L. juveniles J 2003 34 13 1111-1117. 15 KIKUCHI K. 1. 16. J. 1995 11 8-10. 2. II. J. 1994 3 25 238-242. J. 3. J. 2009 33 4 658-665. 2007 1 11-13. 18. 4. J. 2009 J. 2005 35 2 28-18 2 267-173. 30. 5. RNA /DNA J. 2006 26 5 524-528. 6. J. 2009 18 2 160 - J. 1997 21 1 13-18. 166. 7. 21. J. 1977 6 J. 1990 14 4 321-327. 22. 8. J. J. 2009 27 4 358-362. 2007 23 6 612-617. 23 LIM C. Effect of dietary PH on amino acid utilization by 9. shrimp Penaeus vannami J. Aquaculture 1993 114 J. 293-303. 2008 17 6 669-673. 24 ROBAINA L MOYANO F J IZQUIERDO M S. Corn gluten 10. J. and meat and bone meals as protein sources in diets for 2004 24 6 74-75. gilthead seabream Sparus aurata Nutritional and 11 REGOST C ARZEL J KAUSHIK S J. Partial or total replacement of fish meal by corn gluten meal in diet for turbot Psetta maxima J. Aquaculture 1999 180 1-2 99-117. 12 MOYANO F CARDENETE G DE L H. Nutritive value of diets containing high percentage of vegetable proteins for trout Oncorhynchus mykiss J. Aquatic Living Resources 1992 5 23-29. 13 EL-EBIARY E H ZAKI M A MABROOD H A. The use of corn gluten meal as a partial replacement for fish meal in diets. Bulletin of the National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries 2001 27 14 PEREIRA T G OLIVA - TELES A. Evaluation of corn gluten meal as a protein source in diets for gilthead sea bream. Aquaculture Research Partial Replacement of Fish Meal with Corn Gluten Meal in Diets for Japanese Flounder Paralichthys olivaceus J. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society 1999 30 3 357-363. J. 2009 16 4 572-579. 17. 19. J. 2009 18 1 101-106. 20. 2 191-196. histological implications J. Aquaculture 1997 157 347-359. 25 SHIMENO S SASUMOTO T HUJITA T et al. Alternative protein sources for fish meal in diets of young Yellowtail J. Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi 1993 59 1 137-143. 26 SHIMENO S MIMA T IMANAGA T et al. Inclusion of combination of defatted soybean meal meat meal and corn gluten meal to yellowtail diets J. Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi 1993 59 11 1889-1895.

2 237 The effect of partial replacement of fish meal by corn gluten meal in diet on the growth and muscle composition of Macrobrachium nipponensis HU Pan 1 HUANG Xu-xiong 1 GUO Teng-fei 1 XIE Nan 2 YIN Yan-qiang 1 HUA Xue-ming 1 ZHOU Hong-qi 1 GUO Shui-rong 2 1. College of Fisheries and Life Science Shanghai Ocean University Shanghai 201306 China 2. Fisheries Institute of Hangzhou City Hangzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences Hangzhou 310024 China Abstract The effects of corn gluten meal CGM as a partial replacement of fish meal in diet on the growth and muscle composition of Macrobrachium nipponensis were studied. The experiment diets contained a gradient of CGM such as 0% the control 3% 6% 9% 12% and 12% + 0. 1% MHA-Ga respectively. All diets were fed to the shrimp triplicately. In the first phase of the experiment diets were fed to juvenile shrimp initial body weight of 0. 12 ± 0. 04 g for 30 days and in the second phase diets were fed to juvenile shrimp initial body weight of 0. 23 ± 0. 12 g for 23 days. Growth survival rate and the muscle composition of M. nipponensis were determined. The results indicated that there was no significantly difference in relative growth rate and survival rate among the treatments P > 0. 05 although there was a tendency of declining relative growth rate with the increment of the partial replacement. The nutrition assays of the shrimp muscle indicated that there were no significant effects of the partial replacement on water content total lipid crude ash total amino acid TAA and total essential amino acid TEAA of the shrimp muscle P > 0. 05. The polyunsaturated fatty acid and DHA + EPA proportion in total fatty acid profiles of the muscle obviously decreased as the amount of CGM in diet was more than 9. 0%. Key words corn gluten meal Macrobrachium nipponensis growth nutritional components