394 - - - PSO () () () - () 394/4/ : 394//7 : :.. PSO. WiMAX WLAN UMTS GSM 900 GSM 800 GPS GSM 900 GSM 850. CST-MW 03...PSO : Design and Simulation of a Wilkinson Power Divider with High Isolation for Tri-Band Operation Using PSO Algorithm Farzad Khajeh-khalili () Mohammad Amin Honarvar () () Phd. Condidate Department of Electrical Engineering, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Esfahan, Iran farzad.khajehkhalili.989@ieee.org () Assistant Professor - Department of Electrical Engineering, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Esfahan, Iran amin.honarvar@pel.iaun.ac.ir In this article, a microstrip tri-band Wilkinson power, using the equivalent three section transmission line instead of common quarter-wavelength transmission line with help of PSO algorithm, design and simulated. Optimized choices for electrical lengths of equivalent three section transmission line, characteristic impedances of lines and finally design of three resistors for high isolation between output ports will be obtained. The results of the researches in this article show that the proposed Wilkinson power, besides high isolation between output ports, will be a tri-band Wilkinson power to be used in communication wireless systems such as GSM 850, GSM 900, GPS, GSM800 GSM 900, UMTS, WLAN and WiMAX. Next, the designed Wilkinson power is going to be simulated by CST-MW 03 software. The result of simulation show that the proposed structure, analysis and design method are suitable. Index Terms: Wilkinson power, Tri-band, quarter-wavelength transmission line, equivalent three section transmission line, isolation, PSO. amin.honarvar@gmail.com : (3)
0-3. PSO [9]. T..[0-5] T [0]... [] 00.... [3]. 00.. [5]. 00... GSM 900 (890-960 MHz), GSM 850 (84-894 MHz) GSM 800 (70-885 MHz), GPS (565-585 MHz) UMTS (90-00 MHz), GSM 900 (850-990 MHz) WiMAX (500-690 MHz), WLAN (400-484 MHz) 5. PSO 6. -.[] [] 3....[9-3] [3] 4 RLC f. f = f f. [4] [3]. RLC.. [5] π... RLC [6].. - [7] RLC. [8]... (4)
394 - - -. Port 0 (Input),, 3, 3 R R R 3 Port 0 (ouput) Port 3. - ().[] ().,, 3, 3 0 (ouput) :(3) Fig.(3): Equivalent circuit of the proposed Wilkinson power Г in() -- :() Fig. (): Equivalent transmission line circuit of the conventional Wilkinson power Port Port,, 3, 3 0 R R R 3 0 o.c o.c o.c in(), even in (), even in(3), even :(4) Fig. (4): Circuit model for even-mode of the proposed Wilkinson power :() Fig. (): Conventional Wilkinson power in microstrip form. (3) R 3 R R. (4) Γ in ( ). f = = in ( 3 ), even 3 in ( ), even in (), even Γ in () = + + j j tan( θ ), tan( θ ) ( 3), even + j tan( θ ), + j tan( θ ) 0 3 3 3 0 3 in = + in ( 3), even in ( ), even j in ( ), even in (), even 0 + in (), even 0. + j tan( θ ). tan( θ ) : ( ) ( ) ( 3) : ( 4) (5).. (3). 7 3. R 3 R R θ 3 θ θ. 0. (3)
0-3. PSO. f 3 f f PSO. (-) (-) 9. (9) 3 3 Γin() f ( i) Γin(3) f ( i) F = min +. ( 9) i= n i= n (9).. PSO. (3) θ 3 θ θ in(), even in(), even f 3 f f in(3), even. -- -3 PSO --3 PSO 0 Kennedy. PSO.[6] 995 Eberhart.[7-8].......... PSO N.. (6) :(5) Fig. (5): Circuit model for odd-mode of the proposed Wilkinson power. (3). R 3 / R / R / (5) Γ in. ( 3 ) : f in (), o d d = j tan ( θ ), ( 5) R in(), odd in(), odd = (( ) R + in (), odd + j tan( θ ))/( + j R)/ R + )tan( θ ), in(), odd in(), odd R in(), odd in(3), odd = 3 (( ) R + in (), odd Γ = in ( 3 ) + j tan( θ ))/( + j R )/ R + )tan( θ ). 3 3 3 in(), odd in(), odd 3 in (), odd 0 + in (), odd 0. ( 6) ( 7) : ( 8) θ 3 θ θ in(3) in(), odd in(), odd, odd. -3- R, R, R, θ, θ, θ,,, 3 3 3
394 - - - Table (): Elective parameters of PSO for optimizing this article PSO :() ϴ max PSO PSO N 0 0.7 ϴ min 0.4 i max 00 c c (-) (-) (9) (-3) PSO ().. -4 (3) (). - Table (): Designing parameters of PSO PSO :(). PSO R 89 70.7 3 85 ϴ 46 ϴ 5 ϴ 3 46 0 R 0 R 3 348 Rogers_RO4003 tan δ = 0.007 h =.5 7 m m ε 3.5 5 r =. CST-MW 03 f = 9 0 0 M H z. (6) SMA. 50 (7).... -.[9] X ( i) = X ( i ) + V ( i). j j j : (0) (0) V j X (0). i.. V (i) = θ (i) V (i ) + c r [ P j j : () best, j X (i )] + c [ ( )]. r Gbest X j i ( ) r. j i V j (i ) (). ( 0, ) r c = c =.[0] j G best c c P best, j. 3 θ (i) :[9] () θ (i). θ m ax θ m in θ ( i ) = θ m ax i. im ax. θ max θ min θ max. θ min i max θ min = 0.4 θ max = 0.7.[] --3 () PSO.
0-3. PSO S :(7) Fig. (7): S parameter of the proposed Wilkinson power --4. -3dB S S S (db) 0-0 -0-30 -40-50. (8) f 3 = 400 MHz f = 800MHz f = 900 MHz. 0 0.5.5.5 3 3.5 Frequency (GHz) -3.0 db -3.0 db -3.0 db 0 S (Simulated).. (3).. 56 54 mm S 4 ( ) 6 5 S S ( ) 3. :(6) Fig. (6): Final configuration of the proposed Wilkinson power. S (db) -5-0 -5-0 S (Simulated) 0 0.5.5.5 3 3.5 Frequency (GHz) S :(8) Fig. (8): S parameter of the proposed Wilkinson power -3-4 S 3. 00 (3-) S (9). 3 S. 3 f 3 = 400 MHz f = 800MHz f = 900 MHz. -5 db -54 db -57.5 db -50 db. (8) Table (3): Final dimensions of the proposed Wilkinson power :(3) L 5 p W p 3.5 L 6.3 L 9. L 3 5.65 W.7 W.9 W 3.7 S --4. (7) S S < 5 d B f 3 = 400 MHz f = 800MHz f = 900 MHz -5.6 db -55.5 db -5.7 db.
394 - - - S 3 S S (4).. S -50 db S. -3.0 db S 3. -50 db. S3 (db) 0-0 -40-60 S3 (Simulated) 0 0.5.5.5 3 3.5 Frequency (GHz) S :(9) 3 Fig. (9): S parameter of the proposed Wilkinson power 3.. (4). PSO Ref. [3] [4] [5] [6] [8] [9] [3] [4] This work Table (4): Performance comparison of this work with other power s :(4) Operating band Tri-band Quad-band Single-band Tri-band Frequency (GHz) / /.8.9 / 4.775 / 4 0.9 /.7 /.43 0.9/.8/.7/3.6 0.5 /.65 0.9 /.8 /.4 S (db) -40 / -40-30 / -40-7 / - -40 / -40-40 / -4 / -5-9/-36/-36/-35-48 / -45-30 -5.7/-55.5/-5.6 S (db) -3.05 / -3. -3.05 / -3. -3. / -3.55-3.05 / -3. -3. / -3. / -3.5-3./-3./-3.6/-3.9-3.05 / -3. -3.05-3.0/-3.0/-3.0 S 3 (db) -35 / -4-38 / -40-38 / -5-40 / -40-40 / -47 / -8-40/-35/-40/-40-45 / -40-38 -57.5/-54/-5 - Wilkinson power - Isolation 3- The quarter-wavelength transformer 4- Multiple sections method 5- Particle swarm optimization 6- Microstrip 7- Even-odd mode analaysis 8- Propagation constant 9- Objective function 0- Swarm intelligence - Particle - Evolutionary computation 3- Inertia weight 4- Reflection coefficient 5- Insertion loss 6- Isolation factor : (9) -5... PSO. /GSM 900/GSM 850 WiMAX WLAN/UMTS/GSM 900/GSM 800/GPS.
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