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4 3 2 1 - - - - -1 h_vahei@znu.ac.ir - - - - -2 Noroozian@znu.ac.ir - - - - -3 ajalilvan@znu.ac.ir - - - - -4 grptian@aut.ac.ir :.. ROCOF.. MATAB / Simulink.. 1389/10/10 : 1390/5/23 : : : :

. ( )... MATAB / Simulink. -2...... :.1.2. (1)...3.4.5-1. -. [1].[3] [2]. IEEE. 929-2000 [4].. IEEE 1547-2003.[5] [6].. [7] [8]. [9]. [10]...

S 5 i re (normal ) S 3 ω 2 π 60Hz V ϕ m V + i ω q i re 2 2 V re + V re qre i imiter ω θ i I DG(a) V DG(a) V DG(b) V DG(c) tan V 1 V qre re Vqre i q I DG(b) I DG(c) V i ω q i qre i qre ( normal ) S Synch Zero ph DG S 2 V DG S 4 ph Source V source > Thershol S Synch V re V source :(1).. q P = 3 v i t 2 Q = 3 v i qt 2 i qt i t DG : v (1) (2) q... q t i t( abc) R = i t( abc) 1 + ( v v ) t( abc) pcc( abc). i t(abc) R (3) : v t(abc). PCC v pcc(abc) (3) : -1-2. (1) abc. (q) I. I qre ) I q I I q.. ( I re S2, ). I qre I re (normal) (1) (S5. (normal) PI. V qre V re ( S4 )

. ( S5 S3 S2 ).. OFP / UFP OVP / UVP... OVP / UVP OFP / UFP ( 2).. :(2).ROCOF OVP / UVP OFP / UFP R ω it it 1 = + t iqt R iqt ω v v R 0 it it 1 = + t iqt R iqt 0 u u q = v = v t qt v v pcc qpcc + ω ω i i qt t t qt v v u u pcc qpcc q (4) (5) : : (6) (7). - -2-2. S2 S4 S1 ) ( S5 S3 PCC.. I qre V re PCC PI * I... -3.. * imiter

.ROCOF OVP / UVP OFP / UFP :(3) S4 S1 ).(. PI.... -6. (4) 2.. PCC (1) 23 kvar 100 kw (4) 35 kvar 50 kw (1) ) 100 kw.( :.1.2.3 (2) ROCOF OVP / UVP OFP / UFP PCC. OR. 0.2 ) 4 (. Zero Crossing. (3) -4. 60 Hz. 300 ms.. -5..

V PCC s Rs V T V DC R i t R C R C :(4) -1-7 t 23kVAR 50 kw. ( B ) t = 4 ( A ) = 1 (6) (5). 100 kw.. (5).. :(5) :(1) DG Output Active power DG Rate kva Switching Frequency Input DC Voltage Voltage (ine to ine) Frequency Gri Resistance Gri Inuctance Filter Inuctance DG Parameters 100 kw 120 kva 8000 Hz 900 V 480V 60 Hz Gri Parameters 0.02 Ω 0.3056 mh 2.1 mh Controller Parameters Gri Connecte Moe Kp = 2, Ki = 50, For both PI Islan Moe Kp = 3, Ki = 40 Phase angle Synch. Block Kp = 1, Ki = 0.01 100 kw, 23 kvar oa 50 kw, 35 kvar oa oa Parameters R1=2.304 Ω, 1= 0.02657 H R2=4.608 Ω, 2= 0.017461 H -7 (Q) (8) 2 V ph 2 Q = 3 V ph 2π C 2π. (8)

:(7) :(8) :(9) :(6) -2-7 (4). t = 1. 58 kvar 150 kw.. (8) (7) (9) 100 ms... (50kW) (7). 60Hz. 250 ms

-3-7 :(10) :(11) :(12). 150 t = 1. 58 kvar kw (11) (10). 100 kw. ((12 11) ) 100 ms. 50 kw ) ( an 35 kvar. (10) A t = 4. (10). (C ) t = 4.4... -8. ROCOF -....

" " 89 [2] K. Nigm, Y. Hegazy, Intentional Islaning o Distribute Generation or Reliability Enhancement, IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting, pp. 208 213 Oct, 2003. [3] F.Pilo, G. Celli, Improve o Reliability in Active Networks With Intentional Islaning, IEEE International Conerence on Electrical Utility Deregulation, Restructuring an Power Technologies, pp. 474 479, April, 2004. [4] IEEE Recommene Practice or Utility Interace o Photovoltaic (PV) Systems, IEEE Stanar 929-2000, Apr, 2000. [5] IEEE Stanar or Interconnecting Distribute Resources with Electric Power Systems, IEEE Stanar 1547-2003, Jul, 2003. [6] S. Barsali, M. Ceraolo, P. Pelacchi, D. Poli, Control Technique o Disperse Generators to Improve the Continuity o Electricity Supply, IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting, pp. 789 794, Jan, 2002. [7] J. iang, T. C. Green, G Weiss, Q. Zhong, Hybri Control o Multiple Inverters in an Islane Moe Distribute System, IEEE 34 th Annual Conerence on Power Electronics Specialist, pp. 61 66, June 2003. [8] M. Marie, E. F. El-Saaany, M. Salma, A Novel Control Algorithm or the DG Interace to Mitigate Power Quality Problems, IEEE Transactions on Power elivery, Vol. 19, no, 3. July, 2004. [9] H. Zeinelin, M. I. Marie, E. El-Saaany, M. Salma, Sae Controlle Islaning o Inverter Base Distribute Generation, IEEE Power Engineering Specialist Conerence (PESC04), June, 2004. [10] Y. i, D.M. Vilathgamuwa, P. loh, Design, Analysis an Real-Time Testing o Controller or Multibus Microgri Systems, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol. 19, pp. 1195 1204. Sep, 2004. [١]

Introucing a New Metho or Operation an Islaning Detection o Inverter-Base Distribute Generation H. Vahei 1 R. Noroozian 2 A. Jalilvan 3 G. B. Gharehpetian 4 1- MSc, Department o Electrical Engineering, Faculty o Electrical Engineering, Zanjan University, Zanjan, Iran h_vahei@znu.ac.ir 2- Assistant Proessor, Department o Electrical Engineering, Faculty o Electrical Engineering, Zanjan University, Zanjan, Iran Noroozian@znu.ac.ir 3-Associate Proessor, Department o Electrical Engineering, Faculty o Electrical Engineering, Zanjan University, Zanjan, Iran ajalilvan@znu.ac.ir 4- Proessor, Department o Electrical Engineering, Faculty o Electrical Engineering, Amirkabir University o Technology, Tehran, Iran grptian@aut.ac.ir Abstract: This article is introucing a new controlling scheme or islaning operating o inverter-base istribute generations. That in this metho loa protection at the time o connection to the network an islaning operation is completely intene. Moreover, the islaning etection algorithm which is base on ROCOF relaying, or etecting islaning phenomenon is provie. The algorithm is also equippe with synchronization block that at the time o network retrieval woul be able to reconnect the upper network to the istribute generation. It is necessary to mention that all the simulations an tests are carrie out in the MATAB / Simulink environment. Provie metho has security an lexibility an will have no intererence with operation o voltage regulation instruments in the istribution network. Keywors: Distribute Generation, Islaning, ROCOF, Inverter, Operation, Voltage Protection. Submission ate: 30 Jan., 2011 Acceptance ate: 14 Oct., 2011 Corresponing author: R. Noroozian Corresponing author s aress: Elec. Eng. Dep., Zanjan University, Zanjan, Iran.