Supplementary Information For
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- Χλωρίς Λιάπης
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1 Supplementary Information For Large-scale screening of metal hydrides for hydrogen storage from firstprinciples calculations based on equilibrium reaction thermodynamics Ki Chul Kim 1, Anant D. Kulkarni 2, J. Karl Johnson 2, and David S. Sholl 1 1 School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 311 Ferst Dr., Atlanta, GA, , USA 2 Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA DFT optimization of crystal structures We updated our original database by including 147 new crystal compounds whose structures are currently available. The compounds are listed in Table S1 and the detailed structural information is shown in Table S2. Table S1. List of 359 compounds included in our database. One-element compounds Al B C Ca K Li Mg Na Sc Si Ti V Two-element compounds AlB 2 Al Al 4 C 3 Al 2 Ca Al 4 Ca AlH 3 AlLi Al 2 Li 3 Al 3 Li Al 4 Li 9 Al 12 Mg 17 Al 14 Mg 13 Al 30 3 AlN AlSc AlSc 2 Al 2 Sc Al 3 Sc AlTi AlTi 3 Al 2 Ti Al 3 Ti AlV AlV 3 Al 3 V Al 10 V Al 23 V 4 Al 45 V 7 B 4 C B 13 C 2 B 3 Ca 4 LiN 6 (B 10 H 13 BN B 13 N 2 C 2 Ca C 2 N 2 C 3 N 4 C 5 N 4 C 12 N 6 CaB 4 CaB 6 CaH 2 CaLi 2 Ca CaN 6 Ca 2 N Ca 3 N 2 Ca 11 N 8 CaSi CaSi 2 Ca 2 Si Ca 5 Si 3 KB 6 KC 8 K 2 C 2 KH KN 3 K 3 N KSi K 4 Si 4 K 8 Si 46 LiB Li 5 B 4 Li 2 C 2 LiH Corresponding author. david.sholl@chbe.gatech.edu 1
2 LiMg LiN 3 Li 3 N LiSi Li 2 Si Li 7 Si 2 Li 12 Si 7 Li 13 Si 4 Li 15 Si 4 MgB 2 MgB 4 MgB 7 MgC 2 C 3 MgH 2 Mg 3 N 2 MgSc Si Mg 5 Si 6 N 4 Si 3 NaB 15 Na 3 B 20 Na 2 C 2 NaH NaN 3 Na 3 N NaSi Na 4 Si 4 Na 8 Si 46 ScB 2 Sc ScC Sc 2 C Sc 2 C 3 Sc 3 C 4 Sc 4 C 3 Sc 15 C 19 ScH 2 ScN ScSi ScSi 2 Sc 5 Si 3 SiB 3 SiB 6 SiC SiH TiB TiB 2 TiC Ti 2 C Ti 8 C 5 TiH TiH 2 TiN Ti 2 N TiSi TiSi 2 Ti 5 Si 3 Ti 5 Si 4 TiV VB VB 2 V 2 B 3 V 3 B 2 VC V 2 C V 6 C 5 V 8 C 7 VH 2 V 2 H VN V 2 N VSi 2 V 3 Si V 5 Si 3 V 6 Si 5 Three-element compounds Al(BH 4 ) 3 Al 5 C 3 N Al 6 C 3 N 2 Al 7 C 3 N 3 Al 8 C 3 N 4 Al 2 Ca 3 N 4 Al 2 CaSi 2 Al 2 Ca 3 Si 2 AlLi 3 N 2 AlLiSi Al 3 Li 8 Si 5 Al 3 Li 12 Si 4 Al 2 MgC 2 AlMg 4 Si 6 Al 18 Mg 3 Ti 2 AlSc 2 Si 2 BC 2 N C 2 H 4 N 4 C 2 H 18 N 18 C 2 N 2 (NH) CaAlH 5 Ca(AlH 4 Ca 4 Al 3 Mg Ca 3 AlN 3 CaAlSi CaB 2 C 2 Ca(BH 4 Ca Ca 3 BN 3 CaCN 2 CaC 4 N 6 Ca 2 HN CaLiN CaLiSi 2 Ca 2 LiSi 3 Ca N 2 CaMgSi Ca 4 N 2 (CN 2 ) Ca 11 N 6 (CN 2 Ca 2 N 3 V Ca 3 N 3 V CaSiN 2 Ca 2 Si 5 N 8 Ca 5 (Si 2 N 6 ) Ca 4 TiN 4 H 9 CN 9 KAlH 4 K 3 AlH 6 KBH 4 KB 21 H 18 K 2 B 6 H 6 K 2 (B 10 H 10 ) K 2 KCN KC 2 N 3 KC 4 N 3 K 2 CN 2 K 3 C 6 N 9 K 3 LiSi 4 K 7 LiSi 8 KMgH 3 K 2 MgH 4 KNH 2 (K(NH 2 ))(NH 3 KSiH 3 LiAlB 14 LiAlH 4 Li 3 AlH 6 LiBC LiB 13 C 2 Li 2 C 2 LiBH Li(BH 2 ) LiBH 4 Li 2 Li 3 (BH 6 ) Li 3 BN 2 Li 2 Si 2 LiCN Li 2 CN 2 LiMgH 3 LiMgN Li 2 MgSi Li 12 Mg 3 Si 4 LiNH 2 Li 2 NH Li 4 NH LiN 3 Si 2 Li 5 N 3 Si Li 7 N 4 V LiNa 2 N LiNa 5 N 2 Li 2 Na 4 N 2 Li 2 NaN Li 3 Na 3 N 2 Li 4 Na 2 N 2 Li 5 NaN 2 Li 3 NaSi 6 Li 3 ScN 2 MgAlH 5 Mg(AlH 4 MgAlSi MgAl 2 Si 2 MgB 2 C 2 Mg C 2 2
3 B 24 C Mg(BH 4 Mg MgB 9 N Mg 3 BN 3 Mg Si 2 MgC 4 N 6 Mg(NCN) Mg(NH 2 MgSiN 2 Mg 7 TiH 16 N 2 BH 7 N 2 B 10 H 18 N 3 B 3 H 6 N 3 B 3 N 4 B 9 H 11 N 4 B 10 H 8 N 4 B 10 H 22 NH 3 BH 3 (NH 4 (NH 2 )CN NH 4 HCN 2 N(SiH 3 ) 3 NaAlH 4 Na 3 AlH 6 Na 5 Al 3 H 14 NaAlSi NaAlSi 4 NaBH 4 Na 2 (B 10 H 10 ) Na 3 (BN 2 ) NaCN NaC 4 N 3 Na 2 CN 2 Na 3 C 6 N 9 NaMgH 3 NaN 3 C 2 NaNH 2 ScAl 3 C 3 Sc 2 AlC Sc 3 AlC ScB 2 C ScB 2 C 2 Sc 2 BC 2 Sc 2 V 3 Si 4 SiCN SiC 2 N 4 Si 2 CN 4 Ti 2 AlC Ti 3 AlC Ti 3 AlC 2 Ti 2 AlN Ti 3 AlN Ti 4 AlN 3 Ti 6 Si 2 B Ti 3 SiC 2 V 12 Al 3 C 8 V 5 SiB 2 Four-element compounds AlNC 3 H 10 BCH 5 N 2 B 10 C 6 H 30 N 2 B 20 C 3 H 30 N 2 BC 4 KN 4 CH 3 NH 2 BH 3 Ca 2 N 2 BH Ca(NH 2 BH 3 KAl(NH 2 ) 4 K 5 C 2 HN 4 KCaN 3 H 6 K(HCN 2 ) K 2 LiAlH 6 KLi 3 (NH 2 ) 4 KLi 7 N 8 H 16 K 2 Li(NH 2 ) 3 K 2 Mg(NH 2 ) 4 K 2 NaAlH 6 K 2 Na(NH 2 ) 3 K 3 Si 6 N 11 H 6 LiAlMg 10 H 24 LiAl(NH 2 ) 4 Li(B(CN) 4 ) Li 4 BN 3 H 10 Li 2 Ca(NH LiK(BH 4 Li 2 Mg(NH Li(NH 2 BH 3 ) (Li(NH 3 ) 4 (B 6 H 6 )(NH 3 LiNa 2 AlH 6 LiNa 2 (NH 2 ) 3 Li 3 Na(NH 2 ) 4 LiSc(BH 4 ) 4 Mg(BH 4 (NH 3 (NH 4 )B(CN) 4 NaAl(NH 2 ) 4 NaB(CN) 4 NaN 2 CH Si 2 C 7 H 18 N 2 VC 8 H 24 N 4 Five-element compounds LiAlC 4 H 16 N 4 LiSi 3 C 9 H 27 N 2 Si 2 B 2 C 12 H 37 N 5 3
4 Table S2. Comparison of the experimental and the DFT calculated structural parameters for the 147 compounds listed in Table 1, with all distances in Å and angles in degrees. Compound Space group Al P Al 4 C 3 Al 4 Ca R-3mH I4/mmm Structural parameters (Å, degree) Experimental Calculated a = c = a = c = a = c = a = c = a = c = a = c = Al 14 Mg 13 Im-3m a = a = 10.2 Al 30 3 R-3H a = a = Al 23 V 4 Al 45 V 7 B 4 C B 13 C 2 P63/mmc C2/m R-3mH R-3mH (B 10 H 13 Pbca B 13 N 2 C 2 Ca C 2 N 2 R-3m C2/m Pcab a = c = a = b = c = β = a = 5.60 c = a = c = a = b = c = a = 5.45 c = a = b = c = β = a = 6.31 b = 7.08 c = 6.19 a = c = a = b = c = β = a = 7.40 c = 8.77 a = c = a = b = c = a = 5.49 c = a = b = c = β = a = 6.72 b = 6.38 c =
5 C 3 N 4 C 5 N 4 P-6m2 R3cH a = c = a = c = a = c = a = c = C 12 N 6 Pa-3 a = a = CaB 4 Ca 2 Si KC 8 P4/mbm Pnma Fddds a = 7.10 c = 4.14 a = 7.69 b = 4.82 c = 9.05 a = 4.92 b = 8.51 c = a = 7.17 c = 4.1 a = 7.65 b = 4.83 c = 9.09 a = 4.97 b = 8.61 c = KSi P-43n a = a = K 8 Si 46 Pm-3n a = a = LiB PNMA a = 6.40 b = 3.00 c = 5.6 a = b = c = LiMg Im-3m a = a = Li 12 Si 7 Li 13 Si 4 Pnma Pbam a = 8.6 b = c = a = 7.99 b = c = 4.43 a = 8.54 b = c = a = b = c = Li 15 Si 4 I-43d a = a = 10.6 NaB 15 Na 3 B 20 Na 4 Si 4 Imam Cmmm C2/c a = b = c = a = b = c = a = b = c = β = a = b = c = a = b = c = a = b = c = β =
6 Na 8 Si 46 Pm-3n a = a = Sc 15 C 19 SiB 3 P-42 1 c Imma a = 7.5 c = 15.0 a = b = c = a = 7.51 c = a = b = c = SiC F-43m a = 4.36 a = 4.38 TiV Im-3m a = a = V 2 N V 5 Si 3 P-31m I4/mcm Al(BH 4 ) 3 Pna2 1 Al 2 MgC 2 P-3m a = c = a = c = a = b = 6.14 c = 6.20 a = c = a = c = a = c = a = b = 6.12 c = 6.20 a = c = Al 18 Mg 3 Ti 2 Fd-3ms a = a = BC 2 N C 2 H 4 N 4 Pmm2 P21/c C 2 H 18 N 18 P-1 C 2 N 2 (NH) Cmc2 1 Ca 4 Al 3 Mg Pbcm a = b = c = a = b = c = β = a = b = c = α = β = γ = a = 7.57 b = 4.44 c = 4.0 a = b = a = 2.56 b = c = a = b = c = β = a = b = c = α = β = γ = a = 7.63 b = 4.48 c = 4.04 a = b =
7 CaAlSi P-6m2 Ca(BH 4 F2dd Ca C2/c CaC 4 N 6 C2/c Ca 4 N 2 (CN 2 ) Pnma Ca 11 N 6 (CN 2 P42/MNM CaSiN 2 Pbca Ca 2 Si 5 N 8 Pbca Ca 5 (Si 2 N 6 ) C12/C1 Ca 4 TiN 4 P-1 H 9 CN 9 P2 1 /c c = c = a = 4.2 c = 4.4 a = 8.78 b = c = 7.41 a = b = c = α = β = γ = a = b = 6.08 c = β = a = b = 3.58 c = a = c = a = b = c = a = b = c = a = b = c = β = a = 5.98 b = 6.01 c = 8.99 α = β = γ = a = b = a = 4.21 c = 4.41 a = 8.75 b = c = 7.37 a = b = c = α = β = γ = a = b = c = β = a = b = 3.58 c = a = c = a = b = c = a = b = c = a = b = c = β = a = 6.01 b = 6.04 c = 9.02 α = β = γ = a = b =
8 c = β = c = β = KBH 4 Fm-3m a = 6.71 a = 6.69 KBH 4 KB 21 H 18 P4 2 /nmc C2 a = 4.68 c = 6.57 a = b = 7.11 c = β = a = 4.71 c = 6.61 a = b = 7.22 c = β = 94.1 K 2 B 6 H 6 Fm-3m a = a = K 2 (B 10 H 10 ) P121/n1 a = b = c = β = a = b = c = β = K 2 Fm-3 a = a = KC 4 N 3 P-1 KNH 2 P2 1 /m (K(NH 2 ))(NH 3 C222 1 LiAlB 14 LiB 13 C 2 Li 2 C 2 Imam Imma AMM2 a = b = c = 3.89 α = 86.7 β = 90.1 γ = 105 a = b = c = β = 95.8 a = b = c = a = b = c = a = b = c = a = b = c = α = a = b = c = α = 83.8 β = 90.9 γ = a = b = c = β = a = b = c = a = b = c = a = b = c = a = b = c = α =
9 LiBH Li(BH 2 ) PNMA PNMA a = 6.2 b = 3.0 c = 6.3 a = 8.1 b = 3.0 c = 5.9 a = b = c = a = b = c = Li 2 Pa3 a = a = Li 3 (BH 6 ) Li 2 Si 2 LiMgH 3 R3-H Cmce R3c a = α = β = γ = a = b = c = a = 4.96 c = a = α = β = γ = a = b = c = 8.43 a = 4.94 c = Li 2 MgSi Fm-3m a = a = LiN 3 Si 2 Cmc2 1 LiNa 2 N P6/mmm LiNa 5 N 2 C 2 Li 2 Na 4 N 2 Li 2 NaN Li 3 Na 3 N 2 P4/nmm P6/nmm Pm a = b = c = 4.78 a = 4 c = 4.2 a = b = c = β = a = c = a = 3.65 c = 4.6 a = b = c = 6.32 β = a = b = c = a = 4.37 c = a = b = c = β = a = c = a = 3.62 c = a = b = c = β = Li 4 Na 2 N 2 Fm-3m a = a = Li 5 NaN 2 P4/mmm a = c = a = c = Li 3 NaSi 6 Pnma a = a =
10 MgAl 2 Si 2 Mg C 2 B 24 C Mg Mg Si 2 MgC 4 N 6 P-3m1 C2/c P-4n2 C2/m Pnma Pnnm b = c = a = 4.05 c = 6.74 a = 7.27 b = 8.78 c = 7.28 β = a = 8.94 c = 5.07 a = b = c = β = a = b = 6.11 c = 8.36 a = b = 7.17 c = b = c = a = 4.08 c = 6.69 a = 7.26 b = 8.77 c = 7.25 β = a = 8.96 c = 5.09 a = b = c = β = a = b = 6.13 c = 8.39 a = b = c = Mg 7 TiH 16 Fm3m a = a = N 2 BH 7 N 2 B 10 H 18 Pbcn Pnma N 3 B 3 H 6 P N 3 B 3 Pbcm N 4 B 9 H 11 P2 1 /c N 4 B 10 H 8 C2/c a = 9.53 b = 5.12 c = a = b = c = a = c = a = b = c = a = b = c = β = 95.3 a = b = a = b = c = a = b = c = a = 5.63 c = a = b = c = a = b = c = β = 94.6 a = b =
11 N 4 B 10 H 22 NH 3 BH 3 C2/c Pmn21 c = c = α = a = 7.7 b = 7.7 c = α = β = γ = a = b = c = a = b = c = α = β = γ = 82.3 a = b = c = (NH 4 Fm-3 a = a = (NH 2 )CN Pbca NH 4 HCN 2 P Na 5 Al 3 H 14 P4/mnc a = b = c = a = 6.44 b = 6.58 c = 7.4 a = c = a = b = c = a = 6.38 b = 6.5 c = 7.3 a = 6.7 c = 10.2 NaBH 4 Fm-3m a = 6.15 a = 6.02 NaBH 4 Na 2 (B 10 H 10 ) P-42 1 c P121/n1 Na 3 (BN 2 ) P2 1 /c Na 3 C 6 N 9 P2 1 /c Sc 2 AlC P63/MMC a = 4.35 c = 5.86 a = b = c = β = a = b = c = β = a = b = c = β = a = c = a = 4.31 c = 5.82 a = b = c = β = a = b = c = 7.9 β = a = b = c = β = a = c =
12 Ti 2 AlC P6 3 /mmc Ti 6 Si 2 B P-62m V 12 Al 3 C 8 P63/MCM V 5 SiB 2 I4/mcm AlNC 3 H 10 P2 1 /c BCH 5 N 2 Pna2 1 B 10 C 6 H 30 N 2 P2 1 /c B 20 C 3 H 30 N 2 P BC 4 KN 4 I4 1 /a CH 3 NH 2 BH 3 Pnma Ca(NH 2 BH 3 C121 KAl(NH 2 ) 4 C222 1 K 5 C 2 HN 4 P4/ncc a = 2.97 c = a = c = a = c = a = 5.81 c = a = b = c = β = a = b = c = a = b = c = β = a = b = c = a = c = a = b = 6.58 c = 4.92 a = 9.10 b = 4.37 c = 6.44 β = a = 10 b = 5.8 c = a = c = a = 3.07 c = a = c = a = c = a = c = a = b = c = β = 99.2 a = b = c = a = b = c = β = a = b = c = a = c = a = b = 6.35 c = 4.88 a = 9.12 b = 4.29 c = 6.34 β = 93.1 a = 10.2 b = 5.82 c = a = c =
13 KCaN 3 H 6 P2 1 /c K(HCN 2 ) P K 2 LiAlH 6 KLi 3 (NH 2 ) 4 R-3m I4 1 /amd KLi 7 N 8 H 16 I4 1 /a K 2 Li(NH 2 ) 3 P42/m K 2 Mg(NH 2 ) 4 P2 1 /c K 2 NaAlH 6 P2 1 /c K 2 Na(NH 2 ) 3 P42/m a = b = c = β = a = b = 9.09 c = a = 5.62 c = 27.4 a = c = a = 7.18 c = a = c = a = b = c = β = a = b = c = β = a = c = a = b = c = β = a = b = c = a = 5.62 c = a = c = a = c = a = c = a = b = c = β = a = b = c = β = a = c = K 3 Si 6 N 11 H 6 P a = a = LiAlMg 10 H 24 Li(B(CN) 4 ) Li 2 Ca(NH LiK(BH 4 P121 P43m P-3m1 Pnma a = b = c = β = a = α = β = γ = 60.0 a = 3.57 c = 5.95 a = 7.91 b = 4.49 c = a = b = c = β = a = α = β = γ = 60.0 a = 3.58 c = 5.84 a = 7.78 b = 4.43 c = Li(NH 2 BH 3 ) Pbca a = 7.11 a =
14 (Li(NH 3 ) 4 (B 6 H 6 )(NH 3 LiNa 2 AlH 6 P21/c P21/c LiNa 2 (NH 2 ) 3 P4 2 /m LiSc(BH 4 ) 4 Mg(BH 4 (NH 3 (NH 4 )B(CN) 4 P-42c Pbca I41/a NaAl(NH 2 ) 4 P2 1 /c b = c = 5.15 a = b = c = β = a = b = c = a = 6.28 c = a = 6.08 c = a = b = 9.41 c = 8.73 a = c = a = b = c = β = b = c = 5.07 a = b = c = β = a = b = c = a = 6.17 c = a = 6.45 c = a = b = 9.35 c = 8.68 a = c = a = b = c = β = 94.3 NaB(CN) 4 Fd-3mZ a = a = Si 2 C 7 H 18 N 2 P2 1 /c VC 8 H 24 N 4 P-1 LiAlC 4 H 16 N 4 I4 1 LiSi 3 C 9 H 27 N 2 P-1 a = 9.71 b = c = β = a = 8.29 b = c = α = β = γ = a = 14 c = a = b = c = a = b = c = β = a = b = c = α = β = γ = 85.3 a = c = a = b = c =
15 Si 2 B 2 C 12 H 37 N 5 P2 1 /c α = β = γ = a = b = c = β = α = β = γ = 115 a = 16.2 b = c = β =
16 Table S3: Multi-step reactions in which individual reactions are independent (not linked via intermediate compounds). ΔG max - ΔG min is the difference between ΔG for the final step and the first step in a multi-step reaction. The TΔS conf term is given only for compounds known to have partial occupancy. Class I: (reactions having (ΔG max - ΔG min ) 10 kj/mol H 2 ) No. Reaction wt.% LiBH 4 +15Mg(BH 4 +MgH 2 +8Si 8 Si+3Li 2 +55H 2 MgH Si 0.5 Si+H 2 6LiBH 4 +15Mg(BH Si 7.5 Si+3Li 2 +54H Si+40Mg(BH 4 +4Ca(BH Si+3.33Mg +4Ca +132H 2 10Si+20Mg(BH 4 +4Ca(BH 4 10 Si+4Ca +72H Si+20Mg(BH Si+3.33Mg +60H 2 5MgH 2 +10Si+15Mg(BH 4 +6KBH 4 10 Si+3K 2 +59H 2 5MgH Si 2.5 Si+5H 2 7.5Si+15Mg(BH 4 +6KBH Si+3K 2 +54H 2 35Si+80Mg(BH 4 +8KBH 4 35 Si+10Mg +4K H 2 10Si+20Mg(BH 4 +8KBH 4 10 Si+4K 2 +72H 2 25Si+60Mg(BH 4 25 Si+10Mg +180H ΔU 0 (TΔS conf ) (kj/mol H 2 ) (-2.87) (-2.9) ΔG max - ΔG min (kj/mol H 2 )
17 16LiBH Si+60Mg(BH Si+8Li Mg +204H 2 16LiBH 4 +20Si+40Mg(BH 4 20 Si+8Li H Si+20Mg(BH Si+3.33Mg +60H 2 25MgH 2 +NaMgH 3 +13Mg(NH 2 NaH+13Mg 3 N 2 +52H 2 25MgH Mg(NH Mg 3 N 2 +50H 2 NaMgH Mg(NH 2 NaH+0.5Mg 3 N 2 +2H 2 4MgH 2 +47Si+108Mg(BH 4 47 Si+18Mg +328H 2 4MgH 2 +2Si 2 Si+4H 2 45Si+108Mg(BH 4 45 Si+18Mg +324H 2 2LiBH 4 +MgH 2 +7Mg(BH Si 3.83 Si+Li Mg +25H 2 MgH Si 0.5 Si+H 2 2LiBH 4 +5Mg(BH Si 2.5 Si+Li 2 +18H 2 3 rd step 2Mg(BH Si 0.83 Si+0.33Mg +6H 2 MgH 2 +6Mg(BH 4 +Ca(BH Si 3.42 Si+0.17Mg +Ca +22H 2 MgH Si 0.5 Si+H
18 Mg(BH 4 +Ca(BH Si 2.5 Si+Ca +18H rd step Mg(BH Si 0.42 Si+0.17Mg +3H LiBH 4 +10Mg(BH 4 +5Si 35LiH+5 Si+5.5Li H LiBH 4 +10Mg(BH 4 +5Si 5 Si+2Li 2 +36H LiBH 4 35LiH+3.5Li H LiBH 4 +MgH 2 +Mg(BH 4 +Si 9.67LiH+ Si+1.17Li H MgH Si 0.5 Si+H LiBH 4 +Mg(BH Si 0.5 Si+0.2Li H rd step 11.6LiBH LiH+0.97Li H LiBH 4 +2MgH 2 +Si 8.33LiH+ Si+0.83Li H MgH 2 +Si Si+2H LiBH LiH+0.83Li H Class II: (reactions having 10 kj/mol H 2 (ΔG max - ΔG min ) 20 kj/mol H 2 ) 33MgH 2 +17Mg(NH 2 +2KMgH 3 17Mg 3 N 2 +K 2 MgH 4 +68H MgH Mg(NH Mg 3 N 2 +66H Mg(NH 2 +2KMgH 3 0.5Mg 3 N 2 +K 2 MgH 4 +2H MgH 2 +NaMgH 3 +6Mg(NH 2 +2KMgH 3 NaH+6Mg 3 N 2 +K 2 MgH 4 +24H
19 10MgH 2 +5Mg(NH 2 5Mg 3 N 2 +20H 2 NaMgH Mg(NH 2 NaH+0.5Mg 3 N 2 +2H 2 3 rd step 0.5Mg(NH 2 +2KMgH 3 0.5Mg 3 N 2 +K 2 MgH 4 +2H
20 Estimated reaction temperatures of metal hydride mixtures We estimated the reaction temperatures of the 72 of the single-step reactions listed in Table S2 and every step associated with the 23 multi-step reactions in Tables 3 and S3 as described in Eq. (3) of the text. The reaction temperatures of MgH 2 /Mg(NH 2 and LiNH 2 /LiH/KBH 4 mixtures for a H 2 pressure ofno 1 bar were taken from the van t Hoff plots in Figs. 2 and 3. Figures S1 S4 show the estimated temperature needed to generate a partial pressure of H 2 of 1 bar for each reaction (T est ) as a function of a H 2 capacity for the single-step reactions in each category listed in Table 2. Figures S5 S7 show the cumulative H 2 capacity of each reaction as a function of T est for the multi-step reactions where the relevant steps are independent without any connection between the steps. Figures S5 and S6 show the reactions included in Class I of Table S3 and Fig. S7 shows the reactions included in Class II of Table S MgH T est (K) LiH/LiNH 2 /KBH MgH 2 /Mg(NH wt.% Figure S1. The estimated temperature for generating a partial pressure of H 2 of 1 bar (T est ) as a function of H 2 capacity (wt.%) for the interesting reactions in Table 2. 20
21 700 T est (K) Ca(BH 4 LiH/Ca(BH 4 Mg(BH 4 /Ca(BH 4 MgH 2 /Mg LiBH 4 Mg(BH 4 Mg(BH 4 /KBH 4 Si/Mg(BH 4 /KBH 4 LiBH 4 /Mg(BH 4 Si/Mg(BH 4 LiBH 4 /Si/Mg(BH LiSc(BH 4 ) 4 Si/Mg(BH 4 /Ca(BH wt.% Figure S2. The estimated temperature for generating a partial pressure of H 2 of 1 bar (T est ) as a function of H 2 capacity (wt.%) for thirteen reactions involving species in Table 2. 21
22 T est (K) ScH 2 /NaBH 4 MgH LiNH 2 /AlB 2 /BN/Mg 12 CaH 2 /CaSi 2 /Ca LiH/Mg(NH 2 /BN CaH 2 /Ca LiH/Mg(NH 2 /V 2 N N 2 BH 7 /AlNC 3 H 10 LiNH 2 /KBH 4 Mg(NH 2 /KBH 4 LiH/LiNH 2 /Al TiH 2 /NaBH Mg(NH 2 /NaBH 4 4 LiH/LiNH 2 /BN ScH 2 /Ca(BH 4 LiBH 4 /ScH 2 ScN/Mg(BH 4 ScB 2 /(NH 4 Si/(NH 4 H ScH 2 /Mg(BH 4 12 (NH LiH/LiNH SiC/(NH 4 H 2 /VN 4 12 ScH ScH 2 /Si/Mg(BH 4 ) 2 /V 2 B 3 /Mg(BH 4 2 ScH 2 /VB 2 /Mg(BH 4 ) LiSc(BH 4 ) 4 /Mg 2 NaBH 4 /(NH 4 LiBH 4 /TiN BN/LiSc(BH 4 ) 4 LiNH 2 /NaBH LiBH 4 4 /Mg(NH 2 LiBH 4 /TiH 2 ScB 2 /BN/LiSc(BH 4 ) 4 TiH 2 /Ca(BH 4 TiN/Mg(BH 4 NaAl(NH 2 ) 4 LiSc(BH4 ) Mg(NH 2 /Ca(BH 4 ) 4 /(NH 4 B wt.% Figure S3. The estimated temperature for generating a partial pressure of H 2 of 1 bar (T est ) as a function of H 2 capacity (wt.%) for the 39 reactions involving refractory materials in Table 2. 22
23 900 T est (K) NaNH 2 /NH 4 HCH 2 LiH/C/NaBH 4 C/Mg C/K(NH 2 )(NH 3 Li 3 Na(NH 2 ) 4 /Na 2 CN 2 /NH 4 HCH 2 C/KBH 4 /Ca(BH 4 C/Ca(BH 4 ) LiBH 4 /C 2 MgH 2 /C/Ca(BH 4 C/Mg(BH LiH/Mg(NH 2 /C 4 C/Mg(BH 4 /Ca(BH 4 LiH/C/Ca(BH 4 C/(NH 4 LiNH 2 /C LiNH 2 /KC 8 Li 3 Na(NH 2 ) 4 /C C/KBH 4 /K(NH 2 )(NH 3 VC 8 H 24 N wt.% Figure S4. The estimated temperature for generating a partial pressure of H 2 of 1 bar (T est ) as a function of H 2 capacity (wt.%) for the nineteen reactions involving C in Table 2. 23
24 Cumulative wt.% Mg 3 N 2 NaH,Mg 3 N 2 Si,Li 2 Si,K 2 Si,Li 2 Reaction 1 of Class I Reaction 2 of Class I Reaction 3 of Class I Reaction 4 of Class I Reaction 5 of Class I Reaction 6 of Class I Si Si Si,K 2 Si,Ca Si,Mg T est (K) Figure S5. The cumulative H 2 capacity (wt.%) as a function of the estimated temperature for generating a partial pressure of H 2 of 1 bar (T est ) for the first six reactions in Class I of Table S3. 24
25 Cumulative wt.% Si,Ca Si,Li 2 Si,Li 2 Si Si,Mg LiH,Li 2 LiH,Li 2 Si,Li 2 LiH,Li 2 Reaction 7 of Class I Reaction 8 of Class I Reaction 9 of Class I Reaction 10 of Class I Reaction 11 of Class I Reaction 12 of Class I T est (K) Figure S6. The cumulative H 2 capacity (wt.%) as a function of the estimated temperature for generating a partial pressure of H 2 of 1 bar (T est ) for the second six reactions in Class I of Table S3. 25
26 8 Reaction 1 of Class II Reaction 2 of Class II Cumulative wt.% 7 6 Mg 3 N 2 NaH,Mg 3 N 2 Mg 3 N 2,K 2 MgH 4 Mg 3 N 2,K 2 MgH 4 Mg 3 N T est (K) Figure S7. The cumulative H 2 capacity (wt.%) as a function of the estimated temperature for generating a partial pressure of H 2 of 1 bar (T est ) for the two reactions in Class II of Table S3. 26
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