Salivary Chromogranin A as Index of Psychosomatic Stress Response

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1 42 J Meikai Dent Med 371, 42 49, 2008 A ACgA CgACorAml CgA, Cor, Aml CgA CgA, Aml CgA Aml Cor CgA CgA CgA CgA CgA CgA Salivary Chromogranin A as Index of Psychosomatic Stress Response Takeya TSUNODA Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Human Development & Fostering, Meikai University Scool of Dentistry Director : Prof Shigeru WATANABE Abstract : It is reported that chromogranin ACgAin the saliva is useful as a psychological stress marker. The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of salivary flow rates on the parotid salivary concentrations of CgA, cortisolcorand amylaseamland also is to examine their changes before and after chewing stimulation by wax, and the change of CgA volume before and after the infiltration anesthesia action on the whole saliva. Results obtained were as follows ; CgA and Aml concentrations of the stimulated parotid saliva were significantly decreased in comparison with the unstimulated saliva. There were no significant effects of the saliva sampling time on any of the measurements. The mean values of CgA after chewing wax for each subject tended to decrease as compared to those from before chewing wax. The Aml values showed an increasing tendency, while the Cor values did not show any definite tendency. There was significant correlation between salivary flow rate and CgA concentration in the saliva. CgA volume in the saliva after wax chewing significantly increased in comparison with that before wax chewing. CgA volume in the saliva after anesthesia action was significantly increased from that of before anesthesia action. In conclusion, it is necessary to evaluate the CgA volume in saliva when we use it as an index for psychological stress. The CgA volume in saliva is expected to serve as an index for stress evaluation in dental treatment. Key words : salivary CgA, salivary flow rate, stress evaluation, infiltration anesthesia

A 43 A 0503 1, 2 2 4 5, 6 7 2 8, 9 10, 11 A CgA 1 CgA, Cor, Aml 1 8 4 4 2138 2 Lashley 0.5 ml 26 mmol/l 0.

2 A 43 A , , , 9 10, 11 A CgA 1 CgA, Cor, Aml Lashley 0.5 ml 26 mmol/l 0.5 ml g : 003 CgA, Cor, Aml Fig 1 3 Model 2001 MP 2, Sartorius, Goettingen, Germany CgA 11, 12 CgA 12, 13 CgA CgA 1 CgACorAml 2 5 CgA, Cor, Aml 3 CgA Fig 1 Modified Carlson-Crittenden collector for parotid saliva.

3 44 37, 2008 Omniscribe, Industrial Scientific, Houston, TX, USA 0.01 ml 5cm 1 CgA, Cor, Aml 4 CgACgA CgA EIA YK mm phosphate bufferph mm NaCl, 5 mm EDTA, 0.1 BSA CgA CgA0.25 mg/well CgA IgG streptavidinhorseradish peroxidase 100 µl 2 o-phenylene diamine H2O2, 0.1 M phosphate-citrate bufferph µl µl Labsystem Multiskan Bichromatic, Helsinki, Finland 490 nm CgA 7 CgA CorCor Cortisol EIA No , Assay Designs, Ann Arbor, MI, USA Assay Buffer 10 Cor alkaline phosphatase Cor Cor IgG 2 p-nitrophenylphosphate 200 µl 1 50 µl 405 nm Cor 7 Cor Aml phosphate-buffered saline 1/200 salivary α -amylase assay kitstate Collage, PA, USA8 µl 37 2-chloro-p-nitrophenol linked with maltotriose 320 µl nm α -Amylase U/ml Absorbance/minTVDF α -Amylase MMASVLP U/ml Absorbance/min1 TVTotal assay volume ml DFDiluent factor 200 MMA12.9 SVSample volume ml LPLight path CgA, Cor, Aml g , 1400, CgA, Cor, Aml 3 CgA Cor Aml 1 3 CgA :30

4 A CgA 3 CgA CgA 1 3 Student s t-test 2 Spearman p 0.05 CgA, Cor, Aml Table ml /min ml /min CgA pmol/ml pmol/ml Aml U/ml U/ml Cor 2 Fig Table 2 CgA, Cor, Aml 1 Table 1 Parotid salivary flow rate and concentrations of CgA, Cor and Aml in parotid saliva before and after the stimulation. Before After Parotid salivary flow rateml /min CgApmol/ml Corpg/ml AmlU/ml ** * ** CgA : Chromogranin A, Cor : Cortisol, Aml : Amylase. *P 0.05 vs before the stimulation, **P 0.01, n9 Fig 2 The whole salivary flow rate before and after chewing wax. Table 2 Concentrations of CgA, Cor and Aml in whole saliva before and after chewing wax. CgApmol/ml Corpg/ml AmlU/ml before after before after before after * ** * ** ** ** * * ** ** ** ** ** **14.7 CgA : Chromogranin A, Cor : Cortisol, Aml : Amylase. SD, *P 0.05, **P 0.01, n9

5 46 37, 2008 Table 3 Correlation between salivary flow rate and concentration of Chromogranin A in saliva. Table 5 Mean values of salivary flow rate, CgA concentration and CgA volume at rest position. r p value p0.01 p0.01 p0.01 p0.01 p0.01 p0.01 r: correlation coefficient, n9 Table 4 Mean concentrations of Chromogranin A before and after chewing wax. Before pmol/min After pmol/min * * * * * * *P 0.01MeanSD, n9 Sub 7 Sub 8 Sub Salivary flow rate ml /min CgA : Chromogranin A. n5. CgA concentration pmol/ml CgA Volume pmol/min CgA Cor 3 1 Aml 6 4 Table 3 CgA CgA CgA 1 CgA Table 4 CgA p CgA 1 CgA Table 5 CgA SD Table 6 CgA Table 6 Salivary frow rate, CgA concentration and CgA volume just after anesthesia action. Sub 7 Sub 8 Sub Salivary flow rate ml /min CgA : Chromogranin A. CgA concentration pmol/ml CgA Volume pmol/min

6 A 47 CgA CgA , 2 Cor 8, 9 CgA 11, 12 Aml 19, 20 Cor CgA 12, 16 CgA Cor 11, 12 CgA CgA 14 CgA CgA 21 CgA 16 CgA CgA 1 CgA, Cor, Aml 3.6 CgA, Aml 22 CgA, Aml Aml Dawes Aml 22 Aml 2 5 Aml Cor 2 Cor CgA 10, CgA, Aml Aml CgA Aml CgA Table 3 1

7 48 37, 2008 CgA Aml CgA CgA, Aml 1 3 CgA 5 CgA CgA CgA 3 CgA Cor CgA 8 10 CgA 1 CgA, Aml 2 CgA CgA CgA 3 CgA 4 CgA 5 CgA 8, , 1978 Domoto PK 6, 71 75, , , , , , , , , , , 2001 Kirschbaum C and Hellhammer DH : Salivary cortisol in psychoneuroendocrine research. Recent developments and applica-

8 A 49 tions. Psychoneuroendocrinology 19, , 1994 Tarui H and Nakamura A : Hormonal responses of pilots flying high-perfomance aircraft during seven repetitive flight missions. Aviat Space Environ Med 62, , , , 1985 Nakane H, Asami O, Yamada Y and Ohira H : Effect of negative air ions on computer operation, anxiety and salivary chromogranin A-like immunoreactivity. Int J Psychophsiol 46, 85 89, 2002 A R&D 34, 17 22, 1999 Florio P, Mezzesimi A, Turchetti V, Severi FM, Ticconi C, Forconi S and Petraglia F : High levels of human chromogranin Ainumbilical cord plasma and amniotic fluid at parturition. J Soc Gynecol Investig 9, 32 36, 2002 A 3, , 2003 A 48, , 2004 Chromogranin A 29, , 2005 A 43, , 2005 Chromogranin A 17, , Visual Analog Scale 38, , , , 2001 Shidax Research 3, 14 21, 2003 Dawes C : Factors influencing salivary flow rate and composition. In : Saliva and oral health. Edgar WM and O Mullane, eds, 2nd ed, British Dental Association, London, pp27 41, 1996 Roy MP, Kirschbaum Comd Steptoe A : Psychological, cardiovascular, and metabolic correlates of individual differences in cortisol stress recovery in young man. Psychoneuroendocrinology 26, ,

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