The Fuel Ethanol Production from Sweet Sorghum Stalk

Transcript

1 19 7Π PROGRESS IN CHEMISTRY Vol. 19 No. 7Π8 Aug., ( ) 4 :TK6 ; S21612 : A : X(2007) 07Π The Fuel Ethanol Production from Sweet Sorghum Stalk Liu Li Sun Junshe 3 3 Kang Liping Liu Ping (College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing , China) Abstract The progress of fuel ethanol production from sweet sorghum stalk is introduced in this paper, including methods of preserving raw materials, liquid2state fermentation of juice, solid2stated fermentation of smashed stalks, pretreatment of stalk bagasse and simultaneous saccharification and fermentation ( SSF). The key technologies of converting sweet sorghum stalks into fuel ethanol are discussed in detail, which are raw materials preservation and pretreatment of stalk bagasse. A more economical and feasible process flow, found promising for further investigation is suggested. Key words sweet sorghum ; ethanol ; liquid2state fermentation ; solid2state fermentation ; pretreatments, [1, ], [2 4 ] [7 ], [8 ] [5,6 ] [9 ] C 4, 4,, 102 ( ), [10,11 ] : (No ) 3 3 e2mail com

2 [21, 200 ] 500kg, [12, kg 18 % 24 % ], 79 % [14, ] [22 ] 4 6, 50 % 1, [15 ] 1 Table 1 Chemical composition a bark [15 ] of sweet sorghum, pith and whole sorghum pith bark cellulose hemicellulose lignin sucrose glucose ash a The results are expressed as percentage ( %) of dry weight. Mean S. D. between duplicates were less than 10 %, [23 ] [24 ] [25 ],, 1975 [26 ] Eliand [27 ] 24h,, 1978 [28 ] 1982, 1991 [16 ],, : Wyman [17 ] %,, 516 %, [18,19 ], cm 19 [20 ] 90 %, [29 ],, Eckhoff [30 ] 3 ;, (015 % 115 % 310 %) 5 ( )

3 7Π ph 1618 % (vπv), Schmidt [31 ] [32 35 ] (enzyme2assisted ensiling), [47 ], 2816 %, Schmidt, [36,37 ] [48 ] [49 ], 66Brix,, [38 ] 3 2,, 1 [50, ] 713 %(vπv) 3 60 % 80 % 2, : [39,40 ] [51,52 ; ] [53 55 ] [41 ] (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 MgSO 4 KH 2 PO 4 CaCl 2 13 % 80 % MgSO 4 CaCl 2 24h, 01298g Πg, 8918 % 1t [42 45, ] 3101t 1995, Mamma 16gΠ100g 31gΠ100g Fusarium oxysporum Saccharomyces cerevisiae 5815 % Fusarium oxysporum Bvochora [46 ] Saccharomyces cerevisiae ( 34gΠ100ml ) g Π100g

4 , [58, ] 1 :, ( < 20 %) 4 70 % 80 % 90 %, [56 ], [57 ] ( 2) 50 % 70 % [59 ] 1 Fig. 1 SEM images of unpretreated and hot2water pretreated [57 ] corn stover [59 ] A : unpretreated corn stover ( 500) ; B : 3h 2 Table 2 Composition of lignocellulosic raw materials a [57 ] enzymatically hydrolyzed, unpretreated corn stover ( 1 000) ; C : hot2water pretreated corn stover ( 500 ) ; D : 3h substrate xylose glucose acid insoluble ash lignin enzymatically hydrolyzed, hot2water pretreated corn stover P. nigra ( 1 000) E. globules wheat straw sweet sorghum bagasse B. carinata residue a The results are expressed as percentage based on dry weight of raw material. Data are mean values of triplicate analysis standard deviation (DOE) (NREL) [60 ] [61 ] (SSF) [62,63 ] [64 68 ] 2000, National Renewable Energy Laboratory ( NREL ), Auburn University, Dartmouth College, Michigan State University, Purdue University, Texas,, A&M University [69 71 ] 6, NREL,,,

5 7Π [72,73 ] [74,75 ] 78 ] ph 81 ], [76 [79 [82,83 ], [84 ] ;, Mamma [85 ] ;,, ( 2), Manzanares [57 ] 3 smashed stalk Table 3 Composition of fibrous residue a of different raw materials after steam explosion pretreatment at selected conditions [57 ] substrate solids recovery P. nigra (212) E. globules (219) wheat straw sweet sorghum bagasse B. carinata residue (313) (112) (215) xylose b glucose b acid insoluble lignin b (3214) (3315) (2811) (3310) (2914) (2519) (2810) (1716) (2217) (1914) a The results are expressed as percentage based on dry weight of raw material. Data are mean values of triplicate analysis standard deviation b Data are expressed in brackets as a percentage based on dry weight of raw material sweet sorghum stalk inorganic salts, (xylose + glucose) 70 % 5, 6215 %,,,, 60 % 70 % 6019 % 5,, smash juice fermentation distillation rectification ethanol squeeze C5,6 sugars stalk bagasse pretreatment, hydrolysis residue chemical production, burning 2 Fig. 2 Process flow diagram of conversion of sweet sorghum into fuel ethanol 5,

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