Progress of Gas Diff usion Layer for Proton Exchage Membrane Fuel Cells

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1 PROGRESS IN CHEMISTRY Vol. 18 No. 4 Apr., ( ) : TM911 : A : X(2006) Progress of Gas Diff usion Layer for Proton Exchage Membrane Fuel Cells Wang Xiaoli Zhang Huamin 3 3 Zhang Jianlu Xu Haifeng Yi Baolian ( Fuel Cell R&D Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian , China) Abstract Gas diffusion layer ( GDL), a component of proton exchange membrane fuel cell ( PEMFC), plays an important role in supporting the catalyst layer, conducting electrons, and affecting the diffusion of reactants and water. In this paper, the compositions, present fabrication processes and properties of GDL are reviewed. Characterization techniques and drawbacks of these studies are described. The development trends of GDL are proposed. Key words PEMFC ; gas diffusion layer ; gas transportation ; water management m [1 ] (MEA) m ( PTFE) 2, 211 : , : (No ) (No ) 3 3 e2mail ac. cn 1, ;

508 18 ; (4), ; (5) Π ; (6) ; (7) 3 : [2 ] ( ) ( ) [5 ],Ralph [6 ] 1 Fig.

2 ; (4), ; (5) Π ; (6) ; (7) 3 : [2 ] ( ) ( ) [5 ],Ralph [6 ] 1 Fig. 1 The structure of gas diffusion layer, 212,Hottien [7 ],, ; : Πcm 2 [8 ] (inter2media layer) : [9, 10 PTFE ] PTFE ; Chen [3 ] , [4 ] : (1) ; (2) ; (3)

3 4 509 Jordan [11,12 ] 4, 1125mgΠcm mgπcm 2 Song [13 ] PTFEΠC PTFEΠC 315mgΠcm 2 PTFE 30 %, 2145mgΠcm 2, Antolini [17 ] Vulcan XC272R Shawinigan Acetylene Black (SAB) Srinivasan [14 ] : E = E 0 - blog i - Ri (1) E 0 = E r + blog i 0 (2) Paganin [15 ], SAB m, E 0 b, R PTFE PTFE PTFE : ; [21 Vulcan XC272 (R) Acetylene Black ] : PTFE, Acetylene Black ; Vulcan XC272R PTFE [11,12,16,17 ] Acetylene Black,PTFE 50 70m 2 Πg 40 50nm, Vulcan XC272R 250m 2 Πg 30nm Jordan [11,12 ] Vulcan XC272R Acetylene Black PTFE 30wt %, 15 % PTFE 15wt % (, 15Π30) Acetylene Black, ( GDHL) PTFE Passalacqua [16 ] Acetylene Black Vulcan XC272 PTFE Acetylene Black Nafion, ( 01594cm 3 Πg) Vulcan XC2 Vulcan XC272R, PTFE, Antolini [22 ] (15Π30) cm 3 Πg, Paganin Maja [15 ] Pt 014mgΠcm 2, [18 ] Acetylene Black PTFE 40wt % 15wt %,PTFE Qi [10 ] Pt 0114mgΠcm 2, PTFE, Neergat 35wt % Giorgi [23 ] [19 ], Ketjen ( ), PTFE [20 Black ]

4 ( ) 3 PTFE 20wt %, Moreira [24 ] PTFE, E2I : PTFE 30wt % 15wt % Π 3 :, (NH 4 ) 2 CO 3 ;, ( NH 4 ) 311 C 2 O 4 ;, CaCO 3 Li 2 CO 3 NaCl NH 4 NO 3 Kong [25 ] D eff Li 2 CO 3 D, 5 20 m Fischer [26 ] D (NH 4 ) C 2 O 4 Li 2 CO 3 eff = D (3), : (NH 4 ) 2 CO 3 (NH 4 ) C 2 O 4 35 % 42 % 48 % ; O 2 ( ) 6716nm 7316nm 70nm Gamburzev [27 ] wt %, 017V 7 m 210mAΠcm 2 1Π10 340mAΠcm 2 Yoon [28 ] 7nm 27 % 60 % 214 k = v 1 P (4) a k (m 2 ) ; v (m 2 Πs) ; (Pa s) ; l (m) ; P ( Pa) ; ASTM k 2 [29 ] (American Society for Testing and Materials) Williams [29 ] PEMFC, PEMFC,, ;

4 511 [29 ] 2 Fig. 2 Apparatus for the measurement of gas permeability [29 ] 1mm, 3 [32 ] 312 ( silwick) Wilhelmy Wilhelmy CCD 31311 (sessile drop method) [30 ] [32 ] 3 Fig.

5 4 511 [29 ] 2 Fig. 2 Apparatus for the measurement of gas permeability [29 ] 1mm, 3 [32 ] 312 ( silwick) Wilhelmy Wilhelmy CCD (sessile drop method) [30 ] [32 ] 3 Fig. 3 Drop of water in sessile drop measurement of contact angle [32 ] Kong [25 ] Wilhelmy [30 ] m < 20 m 80 % 2 Π (micropores, Π F 0106 m) ( mesopores, m ) (5) (macropores, 5 20 m), F = L l,s l cos (5) L l,s 313 Π 2 ; l ; L l,s l Π Π Wilhelmy methods [30 ] Π :, [31 ] CCD ; Π CCD : h (6) 4

512 18 sin = 1 - gh2 2 ; ; g ; h R z,meas = 2 R contact + R z,bulk A ; (6) R xy,meas ; xy ; L p 4 CCD ; w ; d [31 ] Fig.

6 sin = 1 - gh2 2 ; ; g ; h R z,meas = 2 R contact + R z,bulk A ; (6) R xy,meas ; xy ; L p 4 CCD ; w ; d [31 ] Fig. 4 Schematic of the CCD set2up for contact angle measurement and typical image of the meniscus line in water pool [31 ] 4 Π through2plane, in2plane through2plane, 5 5 Fig. 5 Schematic of contact resistance measurement (7) cm 2, R z,bulk (7) = z d (8) R z,meas ( ) ; R contact ( ) ; R z,bulk ( ) ; A (cm 2 ) z through2plane ( cm) ; d (cm) (8), R contact in2plane (9) : R xy,meas = xyl p wd (9) through2plane in2plane through2plane

7 4 513, Membrane Fuel Cell ). Metallurgical Industry Press), : ( Beijing : [ 3 ] Chen J H, Matsuura T, Hori M. J. Power Sources, 2004, 131 : [ 4 ] (Huang N K), (Wang S Z), (Li L X). (Chinese J. Power Sources), 2003, 27(3) : [ 6 ] Ralph T, Hards G, Keating. J. Electrochem. Soc., 1997, 144 : [ 7 ] Hottinen T, Mikkola M, Mennola T, et al. J. Power Sources, 2003, 118 : [ 8 ] Liu J G, Sun G Q, Zhao F L, et al. J. Power Sources, 2004, 133 : [ 9 ] Park G G, Sohn YJ, Yang T H, et al. J. Power Sources, 2004, 131 : [10] Qi Z G, Kaufman A. J. Power Sources, 2002, 109 : [11] Jordan L R, Shukla A K, Behrsing T, et al. J. Power Sources, 2000, 86 : [12] Jordan L R, Shukla A K, Behrsing T, et al. J. Appl. Electrochem., 2000, 30 : [13] Song J M, Cha S Y, Lee W M. J. Power Sources, 2001, 94 : [14] Ticianelli E A, Derouin C R, Redondo A, et al. J. Electrochem. Soc., 1988, 135 : [15] Paganin V A, Ticianelli E A, Gonzalez E R. J. Appl. Electrochem., 1996, 26 : [16] Passalacqua E, Squadrito G, Lufrano F, et al. J. Appl. Electrochem., 2001, 31 : [17] Antolini E, Passos R R, Ticianelli E A. J. Power Sources, 2002, 109 : [ 1 ] ( Yi B L). ( Fuel Cell : [18] Maja M, Orecchia C, Strano M, et al. Theory, Technology and Applications). : 2000, 46 : Electrochimica Acta, (Beijing : Chemical Industry Press), [19] Neergat M, Shukla A K. J. Power Sources, 2002, 104 : 289 [ 2 ] (Huang Z), (Tu HL), (Zhang J Q), 294 (Zhan F). [20] (Wang X L), ( Zhang H M), ( Zhang J ( Research, Development and Applications for Proton Exchange L). ( Chinese J. Power Sources), 2005, 29 (9) : [21] (Xu H F), ( Yi B L), ( Han M). (Chinese J. Power Sources), 1998, 22(4) : [22] Antolini E, Passos R R, Ticianelli E A. J. Appl. Electrochem., 2002, 32 : [23] Giorgi L, Antolini E, Pozio A, et al. Electrochimca Acta, 1998, [ 5 ] ( Yi B L). ( Fuel Cell : 43(24) : Theory, Technology and Applications). : [24] Moreira J, Ocampo A L. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 2003, 28 : (Beijing : Chemical Industry Press), [25] Kong C S, Kim D Y, Lee H K, et al. J. Power Sources, 2002, 108 : [26] Fischer A, Jindra J, Wendt H. J. Appl. Electrochem., 1998, 28 : [27] Gamburzev S, Appleby A J. J. Power Sources, 2002, 107 : 5 12 [28] Yoon Y G, Park G G, Yang T H, et al. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 2003, 28 : [29] Williams M V, Begg E, Bonville L J, et al. J. Electrochem. Soc., 2004, 151 (8) : A1173 A1180 [30] Handbook of Fuel Cells : Fundamentals, Technology and Applications (eds. Vielstich W, Lamm A, Gasteiger H), Volume 3. John Wiley & Sons, [31] Lim C, Wang C Y. Electrochimca Acta, 2004, 49(24) : [32] Handbook of Fuel Cells : Fundamentals, Technology and Applications (eds. Vielstich W, Lamm A, Gasteiger H), Volume 3. John Wiley & Sons,

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