Index , 332, 335, 338 equivalence principle, , 356
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- Δίδυμος Αναστασιάδης
- 5 χρόνια πριν
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1 Index accidental symmetry, 334 adiabaticity condition, , adiabaticity parameter, 103, 358 allowed approximation, 245 anomalous magnetic moment, (see under magnetic moment) anomaly, 19 20, 39, 40, 44, 214, 397 cancellation and charge quantization, 20, 44 atmospheric neutrinos, 49, 50, 86, 87, 90, 92 94, 138, 204, , 229, 239, 300, 357, 401, 403, 404 axial anomaly, (see anomaly) baryogenesis, , 401, see also baryon number asymmetry baryon number, 40, 117, 164, 215, 217, 220, 221, 396, 397 asymmetry, 193, 367, 396, 397, 401, 405 violation, 137, 138, 195, 217, 219, in the standard model, 40, 397 vs number of photons, 370, 371, 396, 401, 405 beta decay, 3, 5, 21, 24, 46, 171, 219, , 281, 369, 370, double, (see double beta decay), inverse, 85, 111, 342 of tritium, 46, , 291 with neutrino mixing, beta equilibrium, 405 big bang cosmology, , 393 biunitary transformation, 25, 76 77, 139, 399 Bjorken scaling, 21, 38 black hole, 137, 340, 341 and violation of global symmetry, , 220 B L symmetry global, 40, 45, 48, 137, 141, 145, , 151, , , , 215, 217, 278, 283, 298, 314, 315, 397, 398, 409, see also Majoron local, 144, , 194, 195, , , 220, 221, 272, 292 Bohr magneton, 129, 268, 348 Bohr radius, 310 Bose-Einstein distribution, 327, 365 B + L symmetry, 397 Cabibbo angle, 222, 244 Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix, (see CKM matrix) Čerenkov detectors, 93, , 343 Čerenkov effect, 93, 338 Chandrasekhar mass, 341 charge conjugation, 61 62, 193 charge radius, 40, 41, 48, 257, 260, 261, 263 charged current, 5 8, 21, 24 26, 29, 30, 32, 42, 45, 47, 78, 79, 85, 96, 97, 99, 114, 116, 118, 140, 153, 167, 168, 170, 270, 271, 288, 292, 304, 312, 313, 320, 336, 343, 350, 352,
2 Index CHOOZ, 91 CKM matrix, 6, 203, 317, see also quark mixing Wolfenstein parametrization, 222 CNO cycle, 109, 110, 112 complex trajectory, method of, 105 confinement, 14 cosmic scale factor (a), , , 368, 375, 376, 393, 395 cosmological bound on neutrino decay, (see under neutrino decay) on neutrino degeneracy, 372, on neutrino mass, 144, , cosmological constant, 360, 363, 364, 371 CP, 61, 63, 64, 66, 76, 77, 82, 83, 143, 179, 225, 237, 253, 260, 264, 268, 271, 272, 275, 290, 300, 318, 325, 330, 331 properties of Majorana neutrinos, 63 64, 179, 237, 264, 271, 291, 300 CP violation, 6, 7, 45, 64, 66, 72, 167, 203, 204, 231, 260, 264, 300, , 396, 398, 399 and baryon asymmetry, 396 Dirac phases, 314 Majorana phases, CPT, 61, 64 66, 90, 187, 331, 332 creation phase, 57, 72, 74, 77, 270, 289, 316 critical density, 371, 379, 380 custodial symmetry, 223, 224 dark matter, 186, 216, 220, 221, Davis experiment, 107, 108, 111, 115, 116, 125, 126 deconfinement, 387 decoupling, , 372, , 379, 381, 385, 386, 396 deep inelastic scattering, 21, deleptonization, 342 dipole moment, , 271 electric, 260, 268, 318 in matter, 330, 332 of the electron, magnetic, (see magnetic moment), transition, 264 dipole transition electric, 264, 271 magnetic, 264, 272 Dirac field, 51, 54, 56, 57, 67, 313, 326 Dirac mass terms, 39, 67, 69, 71, 174, 190, 198, 202, 206, 224, 279, 321, 407, 408 Dirac matrices analogs for SO(10), 196 commutation, 55 definition, 54, 57 representation, 56 61, 260 chiral, 72 Dirac, 58 61, 63, 65, 72 Majorana, Dirac neutrino, 44, 48, 51, 52, 62, 66, 68, 69, 71, 81, 129, 130, , 153, 166, 172, 183, 185, 197, 207, 223, 257, 258, 260, 261, , 268, 274, 278, 307, 310, 313, 316, 347, 356, 373, 376, 377, 379, 382, 387 as two Majorana neutrinos, 66 69, 274 vs Majorana neutrino, (see under Majorana particles) Dirac-Majorana confusion theorem, dispersion relation, , , 336, 338, 339 double beta decay, , neutrinoless, (see neutrinoless double beta decay) D-parity, 193, 198, 200, 201 electric dipole moment, (see under dipole moment) electromagnetic form factors of neutrinos, 40, 48, , 329 electric, 260, 264, 265, 267, 273 magnetic, 260, 264, 265, 267, 273 matter induced, gauge invariance, 40, 148, 259, 330, 334 vertex, 258, 264, 265, 269, 272, 304,
3 Index , 332, 335, 338 equivalence principle, , 356 Fermi-Dirac distribution, 326, 365, 372, 374 Fierz transformation, 8 10, 30, 98 figure of merit, 86, 87 flavor changing neutral current, 7, 155, , 180, 185, 214, 269, 312, 336 absence in the standard model, 24, 25 flavor changing processes, 119, 129, 140, 257, , 357 flavor diagram, , 158, 159, 267, 273 flavor states, 7, 45, 79, 81 83, 85, 86, 94, 96, 97, 99, 101, 114, 119, 129, 131, 139, 152, 177, 224, 225, 230, 232, 236, 237 form factors in deep inelastic scattering, of nucleons, 35, 36 four-fermi interaction, 3, 5 11, 21, 29, 169, 244, 252, 376 Friedman-Robertson-Walker metric, 359, 360 galactic halo, HII regions, 371 magnetic field, 349, 351 rotation curves, 389, 390 galaxy, 356, 357, 389, 391, 392 formation, 4, 367, 382, gallium experiments, 111, , 125, 126 gamma matrices, (see Dirac matrices) gauge bosons, 13 16, 18, 19, 22, 23 gauge invariance, 14, 17, 19, 24, 164 Gell-Mann Nishijima relation, 163 geochemical experiments, 112, 282 GIM suppression, 269, 305, 312, 338 global symmetries, 12 Goldstino, 211, 212 Goldstone bosons, (see Nambu-Goldstone bosons) Gordon identity, 259 grand unified theories, 144, 174, 183, , 216, 217, 221, 291, 312, 367, 396 supersymmetric, 189, 202 gravitational binding energy, , 345 constant, 138, 360, 366, 371 contraction, 340, 341 density fluctuations, 382 instability, 394 potential, 130 hep chain, 108, 110 hidden sector, 213, 216 hierarchy problem, 144, 159, 161, 162 Higgs mechanism, 14 16, 19, 22, 43, 211, 212, 214 Hubble parameter, 361, 377, 398, 400, 405 Hubble time, 364 IMB, 93, 343, 344, 355 inflation, 363, 367, 389, 393 isospin, 11, 12, 245 jumping probability, 105, 120, 122, 124, 358 K2K, 49, 50, 91 Kamiokande, 93, 94, 108, 112, 113, , 125, 126, 343, 344, 347, 351, 355 super-, 93, 94, 112, 113, 115 Kamland, 49, 50, 91, 126, 132 kaon decay, 7, 78, 155, 311, 312 K 0 - K0 mixing, 214, 309 K 0 - K0 oscillation, 78 K L-K S mass difference, 171 Klein-Gordon equation, 130 Kurie plot, 46, 246, 247, 250, 251 Landau-Zenner-Stuckelberg probability, (see jumping probability) L e, L µ, L τ,l e L µ, L e L µ L τ, (see lepton number symmetry, generational) Lee-Weinberg bound, 379
4 Index left right symmetric model, , , , 220, 221, 266, 272, 273, 277, 287, , , 312, 319, 348, 352, 382, 386, 387 supersymmetric, 216, 217, leptogenesis, lepton number symmetry, 39, 52, 53, 69, 71, 140, 164, 215, 217, 220, 221, 397, see also B L symmetry generational, 8, 69, 140, 220, 233, 234, 280, 303, 309, violation in the standard model, 39, 40, 397 level-crossing, 101, 106, 131, see also MSW effect local symmetries, 12, 13, 15, 16, 21 long range force, 250 LSND, 90, , 405, 408 LSP, 215 magnetic moment, 260, anomalous, 257 in matter, 330, 332 of neutrinos, 39, 40, 48, 268, , 338, 356, 369, 386 and solar neutrino flux, limits on, , , 388, transition, 129, 130, 280, 348 Majorana basis of mass terms, 66 69, 142, 146, 150, 274, 278, 279 Majorana field, 53 57, 61 64, 66 68, 73, 74, 209 propagator, (see under propagator) Majorana mass terms, 39, 45, 69, 76, 130, 145, 146, 148, 149, 151, 153, 154, 172, 183, 190, 197, 198, 200, 202, 206, 217, 219, 291, 301, 302, 306, 314, 398, 407 Majorana particles, 44, 45, 48, 51, 53, 54, 59 61, 66, 68, 69, 71, 73, 74, 77, 81, 142, 143, 148, 157, 164, 166, 170, 172, 176, 177, 180, 185, 191, 206, 223, 224, 257, 258, , 264, , 275, 288, , 295, 301, 310, 313, 314, 316, 329, 331, 332, 356, 376, 380, 382, 397, CP properties of, (see under CP) vs Dirac particles, 53, 60, 262, 270, 272, 314, see also Dirac-Majorana confusion theorem vs Weyl particles, 53, Majoron, 45, 48, 127, , 191, 217, , , 338, 339, 346, 354, 369, 380, 382 mass matrix, 119, 139, 142, 144, 146, 147, 150, 151, 153, 154, 167, 168, 172, 173, 176, 177, 180, 181, 184, 196, 197, 202, 203, , 218, 239, 319, 320, 339, 350, 409 MiniBooNE, 90, 403, 410 mirror universe, 406, MSW effect, 104, 131, 132, 199, 356, 357, 404, see also neutrino oscillation, resonant muon decay, 4, 8, 24, 26, 90, 170, 171, 176, 219, 251, 309 anomalous, 176 Majoronic, 155 radiative, 4, 140, 214, 257, to 3e, 4, 7, 175, 176, muonium antimuonium transition, 176, 219, , 315 Nambu Goldstone bosons, 15, 16, 45, 48, 211, 282, 298, see also Majoron neutral current, 6 8, 23 30, 32, 33, 35, 42, 96, 99, 114, 116, 119, 127, 129, , 254, 343, 350, 386, 387, 404, flavor changing, (see flavor changing neutral current) neutralino, 216, 220 neutrino decay, 39, 46 48, 94 96, 159, 175, , 183, 338, 339, 347, 354, 355, and solar neutrino puzzle, 127, 347 cosmological bounds, , 394, 395 radiative, 47, 257, , 268, 269, 271, 272, 274, 304, 305, , 352, 353 RH, 178, 274
5 Index neutrino mass pattern, 230, 300, 399 almost degenerate, , 235, 300, 357 inverted hierarchy, 227, , 235, 300, normal hierarchy, 230, 232, 233, 235, 300, 301, neutrino mass, direct limits, 49, neutrino mixing, 39, 40, 44, 45, 47, 48, 78, 79, 81, 87, 94, 100, 104, 131, 140, 141, 147, 150, 159, 173, 177, 179, 183, 184, 198, , , 243, 251, , 290, 292, 294, 303, 305, , 316, 317, 319, 336, 355, 356, 403, 409 bimaximal, 225, 226, , 235, 406, 408 democratic, 225, 226, 229, 232 in matter, maximal, , 232, 234 neutrino oscillation, 39, 47, 49 50, , , 127, 129, 130, 132, 150, 226, 236, 299, 317, 322, 357, 403, 404, 406 experiments, 78, 79, 85 89, 403 in matter, , 125, 126, 131, 185, 199 resonant, , , 338, see also MSW effect with unstable neutrinos, neutrino scattering, 41, 97, 98, 107, 160, 265, 347, 348, 368, 385, 386, 388, 400 off electrons, 11, 28 34, 36, 41, 97, 113, 114, 116, 118, , 342, 343, 350 off nucleons, neutrino spin, 3, 4 neutrino-antineutrino oscillation, 318 neutrinoless double beta decay, 45, 48 50, 164, 171, 219, , 310, 315, 317, 318 and neutrino mass, with Majoron emission, , neutron-antineutron oscillation, 164 non-renormalization theorem, 212 nucleosynthesis, 4 big-bang, 129, 276, 277, , , 396, r-process, , 409 oscillation length, 80, 84, 104 parity, 8, 10, 63, , 167, 168, , 221, 244, 283, 331 Peccei-Quinn symmetry, 199, 202 pep neutrinos, 108, 110, 112 pion, 53, 90, 178, 211, 253, 368 decay, 46, 90, 92, 155, 219, , 311 Planck mass, 138, 366 Planck time, 359, 366 plasmon, 276, 338 PMNS matrix, 45, 225, 408, see also neutrino mixing pp chain, pp neutrinos, 108, 110, 112, 117 propagator, 286, 288, 291, 294 and dispersion relation, 323, 324 for gauge bosons, 29, 98, 158, 265, 266, 288, 327, 328 for Majorana fermions, 57, 73 74, 288, 289 in thermal medium, , 332 proton decay, 195, 199, 219, 396 quark, 3 8, 12, 21, 23, 25, 26, 28, 39, 42, 48, 51, 64, 119, 149, 164, 171, 180, 183, 185, 187, 190, 191, 205, , 220, 223, 224, 230, 237, 238, 244, 252, 260, 312, 314, 315, 317, 318, 378 mass, 18, 23 26, 43, 44, 141, 166, 174, 184, 185, 190, 191, 196, 198, 200, , 214, 218, 219, 239 mixing, 6, 8, 25, 35, 45, 140, 172, 184, 186, 198, 203, , 233, 244, 269, 312 quark-hadron transition, 367, 368 quark-lepton symmetry, 42, 163, 239, 406, 407 radiative corrections, 21, 26, 28, 190, 200, 212,
6 Index radiochemical detectors, , 126 recombination, 384, 393 red-shift, 361, 363, 375, , 394, 395 renormalizability, 11, 17, 19, 21, 39, 149, 265 renormalizable gauge, 265, 266, 304, 329 renormalization group, 188, 195, 198, 236 Ricci tensor, 360 R-parity, , , , 310 R ξ gauge, (see renormalizable gauge) Sakharov conditions, 396, 399 see-saw mechanism, 44, 144, 172, 174, 177, 178, 180, 181, 183, 185, 186, 197, 200, 201, 203, 204, 206, 220, 221, 223, 224, 233, 236, 238, 274, 294, 295, 306, 397, 399, 401, 402, 407, 409 singular, sleptons, 214, 216 SNO, 114, 116, 120, , 129, 404 SNU, 111, 112, 115, 116 solar neutrino, 49, 87, 90, , 226, 229, 230, 322, 357 detection, 36, , 116 puzzle, 94, , 127, 129, 131, 185, 199, 347, 350, 409 sphalerons, 397, 398, 401 spin-flavor oscillations, 129, 130 squarks, 214, 216, 218, 219, 297 standard model, 3, 4, 6, 15, 21 41, 43 47, 69, 86, 93, 94, 118, , 144, , 163, 165, , 177, 184, 186, 189, , 195, 199, 202, 203, 205, 208, 209, , 219, 220, 243, 257, 269, , 282, 287, 309, 310, 325, 332, 336, 338, 356, 359, 386, 408, 409, fermion masses in the, 24 25, 152, 153, global symmetries in the, 45, 52, 141, 279, neutrino mass in the, 39 41, 43, gauge interactions, 22 26, 276 supersymmetric, 212, , 296, 297, 310 standard solar model, 49, 109, 110, , 157 stellar energy loss, , 276, 277, 338, 346, 349 sterile neutrinos, 86, 392, 393, strangeness, 78, see also kaons stress-energy-momentum tensor, 360 strong interaction, 14, 21 22, 39, 78, 163, 186, 368 CP problem, 186, 199 structure functions, (see form factors) sum rules, 203, 204, superfields, , 215, 218, supernova, 36, 129, 157, 172, 276, 277, , 409 collapse, , 345, 346, 349, 352, 356, cosmological parameters from, 363 type-1a, 363 type-ii, 341 superpotential, , 217, 221, 310 superspace, 209 superstring, 205, 207, 216 supersymmetry, 202, , 296, 298, 299, 310 tau decay, 47, 155, 219, 253 into three leptons, radiative, triangle anomaly, (see anomaly) uncertainty principle, 84, 87 W 2 boson, 167, 168, , 180, 182, 183, 185, 195, 266, , , , 348, 349, 352 Ward identity, 40, 259 Weinberg angle, 23, 165, 188 Weyl spinors, 51, 53, WIMPs, 117 W L-W R mixing, 167, 170, 171, 178, 179, 273, 287, 294, 319, 320, 348, 352 WMAP, 363, 371, 372, 396, 405
7 Index wormhole, 137, 220 W R boson, (see W 2 boson) Yukawa couplings, 24, 72, 139, 141, 145, 146, 148, 151, 153, 154, 157, 172, 182, 190, 195, 196, 200, 202, 203, 206, 211, 212, 223, 224, 232, 238, 277, 308, Z decay, 5, 28, 64, 161, 175, 177, 191, 269, 298, 389 Z 1-Z 2 mixing, 169 Z 2 boson, , 195, 349, 352, 387 Zee model, , , 272, 278, 291 Zeldovich-Konopinsky-Mahmoud neutrino, 69 Zino, 298, 299
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