co-ignimbrite ash I,++ tephra widespread tephra +33/ ;,+* ,, ;,- ac. jp

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1 The Quaternary Research /+ p,1/,2,*+, 2 : * +,, C C co-ignimbrite ash C U : C I,*++ tephra widespread tephra +33/ ;,*+* Tn AT : +310 Machida, +333,,**, ;,**- C BPkBP cal BPcal kbp +2 d O C II,*+,,0,*+, 0 0 * + 2 *+2* *, 2 *+2* okuno@fukuoka-u ac jp

2 276 /+ + a Adk : b Iro : M : T : P : Tn : K : ASz : D : Sg : Bw : As : Mg : Fig + Index maps (a) Map showing location of Philippine Islands toaleutian Islands Rectangle indicates area of Japanese Islands and adjacent area Adk : Adak Island (b) Index mapshowing localities in and around Japanese Islands Iro :Irosin caldera, M:Mayon volcano, T : Taal caldera, P : Pinatubo volcano, Tn : Tanegashima Island, K:Kikai caldera, ASz : Aira caldera and Sakurajima volcano, D : Daisen volcano, Sg:Lake Suigetsu, Bw : Lake Biwa, As : Asama volcano, Mg: Lake Ichino-Nino-Sanno-Megata, + Pinatubo Taal Mayon Coats, +3/0 ; Black, : Catane et al,,**/ C,/ kbp Ramoso Villarta et al, +32/, C kbp Punonbayan, +32/ Mirabueno Adak Island et al,**0,* km + mm C +051+* 1* BP NUTA, +*2*+, : Okuno et al,,**1,,*+, a ;,**3 Irosin caldera Intermediate, Sandwich, Delfin et al, +33- ; YBO, * Year Black, / McDermott et al,,**/ + cal kbp *4 cal kbp Okuno et al,,*+, a Mirabueno et al,,**1 0* km Inascan Scoria Cone Nakamura et al,,**1a co-ignimbrite ash-fall Mira-

3 ,*+, 2 277, Okuno et al,*+, a Fig, Columnar section of Holocene tephra layers in Adak Island After Okuno et al (,*+, a) - bueno et al,,*++,**- + K Tz :,**- AT Tn+ Tn +322 ; +33,**- C,*** Tn- Tn AT Aramaki, +32,**0 AT Tn C,5-+* * BP JAT12+0,2501* +2* BP JAT12+/ - : Okuno et al,,*+, bat C,,/ kbp : +33/ ; Miyairi et al,,** Calib 04* Stuiver and Reimer, +33-,3 cal kbp -- cal kbp + C,0 cal kbp Okuno et al, +331 ;,**, ; Okuno and Nakamura,,**- Tn, C 2503* 2+* BP JAT /* 1,* BP JAT21** /* cal kbp AT KTz -* ka Okuno et al,,*++ 3/ ka,**1 Tn, Tn 01 ka, -3 ka C *4- +4/ +323 ; +333 Okuno et al,,*+, b III

4 278 /+ - C C : S : Loc + : -* 1 N, +-+ *, E Loc, : -* 3 +3 N, +-+ *- 2 E Loc - : -* * +* N, +-+ ** 1 E Loc / : -*,- /* N, +-* / *+ E Loc 0 : C -*,0 * N, +-* /,, E Okuno et al,*+, b Fig - Representative columnar sections of late Pleistocene tephra layers and Cdates in Tanegashima Island C : Charcoal fragment, S : Soil material Loc + : Kunigami Junior High School, Nishino-omote City (-* 1 N, +-+ *, E), Loc, : Kubota, Nishino-omote City (-* 3 +3 N, +-+ *- 2 E), Loc - : Furuta, Nishino-omote City (-* * +* N, +-+ ** 1 E), Loc / : Nakanoshita, Minamitane Town (-*,- /* N, +-* / *+ E), Loc 0 : Yokomine C archaeological site, Minamitane Town (-*,0 * N, +-* /,, E) After Okuno et al (,*+, b) C AT,3 cal kbp,**,,*+* ; Sta # et al,,*+*,,*++ ; + Nakagawa et al,,*+, +,* Takemura et al,,*** ; -,**,*+* + -* cal kbp SI : +31+ AT D Ss : +32 DHg : +32 AT DKsP : +32 Sakate : +320 UOki : Aso K : +30, KAh BTm : +32+ KAh : ; Machida et al, +33* / SOh : +31+ ; -*, cal kbp,**, Kg : +33- Okuno et al,,*++ AT /,3-* cal kbp, DKP : KAh DKsP 14- cal kbp +33/ AsoK C Kitagawa et al, +33/,**- KAh +312 Kitagawa and Plicht +332

5 ,*+, AD 3-1 AD 3-2 IV : BTm + Too a BTm 4/ BTm AD 3,3,,*+*, BaitoushanPekutosan C + Pearson, +320 ; +33/ AD 3,0 BTm cal AD 3-3, 303/- +33, Nakamura et al,,**1b ;,*+* b ; + Yatsuzuka et al,,*+* BTm C atoo a : +32+ BTm 1 cm,, +332 Tooa BTm AD 3-* 30* AD 3+/ +32+ BTm,*+* b ; Ulleung Island Sea of Japan Japanese Islands Shiihara et al (2011) Machida et al (1984) 95 PC-2 KH KT96-17 Lake Osaka P-2 Hane bay Torihama Lake Biwa Hakusan Volcano U-2 U-2b U-2a U-2 Ulleung -I 56 cal kbp K-Ah 73 cal kbp BT-3 Hm-6 U-3c TRG1 BT-4 U-3 U-3b U-3 84 cal kbp Hm-2 U-3a 83-9 cal kbp kbp U-4b U-4 U-4a U-4 Ulleung -II U-Oki Ash BT-5 11 cal kbp U-4L TRG2 Hane Pumice 93 kbp 10 cal kbp U-Oki Tephra U U- U, Shiihara et al,*++ Fig Correlation of Ulleung tephras (U to U, ) between Ulleung Island and Japanese Islands Modified from Shiihara et al (,*++)

6 280 /+,*++ V : UOki +32+ ; KAh C +322 ; +33- ; Takemura and Danhara, +33 ; 14-cal kbp BTm C,** crypto-tephra, microtephra KAh C U Oki U,*++ UOki Ulle- ung Island + U, +32 U U- U, U, KAh Okuno et al,*+* a CU U- U, /40 cal kbp U UOki Shiihara et al,*++ U- U, KAh C U U- U, M Hannah T Mirabueno PHIVOLCSLyn Gualtieri U UOki KAh Mirabueno +32 Shiihara et al,*++ UOki S : +2+****1 : :,++*+**, : VI A : +1,/-**1 : :,,,**2, : B :,*+**/ : C :,-/*+,/ : co-ignimbrite ash +30, +* + 13 Tn, +33- Tn C + : +3,

7 ,*+, Aramaki, S ( +32 ) Formation of the Aira caldera, southern Kyushu,,5*** years ago Journal of Geonorthern BTm /3 physical Research, 23, 22/ 2/*+ Black, RF ( +310 ) Late Quaternary glacial events, +333 Aleutian Islands, Alaska Easterbrook, D J and Sibrava, V (eds) Quaternary glaciations in the -2 / +// hemisphere : IUGS-UNESCO International Kitagawa, H and van der Plicht, J ( +332 ) A *5***- Geological Correlation Program, Project 1-+,, year varve chronology from Lake Suigetsu, Japan :,2/ -*+ Extension of the C calibration curve Radiocar- Catane, SG, Taniguchi, H, Goto, A, Gevero, AP and bon, *, /*/ /+/ Mandanas, AA (,**/) Explosive volcanism in the Kitagawa, H, Fukuzawa, H, Nakamura, T, Okumura, Philippines 0p, CNEAS Monograph Series, no M, Takemura, K, Hayashida, A and Yasuda, Y +2, Center for Northeast Asian Studies, Tohoku ( +33/ ) AMS C dating of varved sediments from University Lake Suigetsu, central Japan and atmospheric C Coats, RR ( +3/0) Geology of northern Adak Island, change during the Late Pleistocene Radiocarbon, Alaska US Geological Survey Bulletin, +*,2 C, / -1, / Delfin, FG, Panem, CC and Defant, M J ( +33-) Erup- tive history and petrochemistry of the Bulusan vol- - +,3 +- canic complex : Implication for the hydrothermal +33, system and volcanic hazards of Mt Bulusan, Phil- : +* +,3 ippines Geothermics,,,, +1 - Machida, H ( +333) The stratigraphy, chronology and,**, AT distribution of distal marker-tephras in and around /0 +*/ +,, Japan Global and Planetary Change,,+, / Machida, H (,**,) Volcanoes and tephras in the Ja- - +-/ 3 pan area Global Environmental Research, 0 (,), +3, BTm Tn / // 0, +312,** RIPL * *,2 + +1,** p AT , /+ /0, /03 +33/ C Machida, H, Moriwaki, H and Zhao, DC ( +33* ) The recent major eruption of Changbai Volcano and its environmental e# ects Geographical Reports of Tokyo,*+* Metropolitan University,,/, +,*

8 282 /+ +31+,*+* : 1,/ ,*** C ++-p Nakagawa, T, Gotanda, K, Haraguchi, T, Danhara, T, Yonenobu, H, Brauer, A, Yokoyama, Y, Tada, 2 R, Takemura, K, Sta #, RA, Payne RL, Bronk McDermott, F, Delfin, FG, Defant, M J, Turner, S Ramsey, C, Bryant, CL, Brock, F, Schlolaut, G, and Maury, R (,**/) The petrogenesis of volcanics Marshall, MH, Tarasov, P, Lamb, HF and Suifrom Mt Bulusan and Mt Mayon in the Bicol arc, getsu,**0 Project Members (,*+,) SG *0, a fully the Philippines Contribution to Mineralogy Petrol- continuous and varved sediment core from Lake ogy, +/*, 0/, 01* Suigetsu, Japan : Stratigraphy and potential for Mirabueno, MHT, Okuno, M, Nakamura, T, Newhall improving the radiocarbon calibration model and CG and Kobayashi, T (,**0) AMS radiocarbon understanding of late Quaternary climate changes dating of paleosols intercalated with tephra layers from Mayon Volcano, Southeastern Luzon, Philip- Quaternary Science Reviews, -0, Nakamura, T, Nishida, I, Takada, H, Okuno, M, pines : A preliminary report Fukuoka University Minami, M and Oda, H (,**1a) Marine reservoir Science Reports, -0 (,),,-,2 e# ect deduced from C dates on marine shells and Mirabueno, MHT, Okuno, M, Nakamura, T, Laguerta, terrestrial remains at archeological sites in Japan EP, Newhall CG and Kobayashi, T (,**1) AMS Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Re- Radiocarbon dating of charcoal fragment from the search, Section B,,/3, /- /3 Irosin Ignimbrite, Sorsogon Province, Southeastern Nakamura, T, Okuno, M, Kimura, K, Mistutani, T, Luzon, Philippines Bulletin of the Volcanological Moriwaki, H, Ishizuka, Y, Kim, KH, Jing, BL, Society of Japan, /,,,+, Oda, H, Minami, M and Tanaka, H (,**1b) Applica- Mirabueno, MHT, Okuno, M, Torii, M, Danhara, T, tion of C wiggle-matching to support dendrochro- Laguerta, EP, Newhall, CG and Kobayashi, T nological analysis in Japan Tree-ring Research, 0-, (,*++) The Irosin co-ignimbrite ash-fall deposit : A -1 0 widespread tephra marker in the Bicol arc, south Luzon, Philippines Quaternary International,,0,,23,3/ Miyairi, Y, Yoshida, K, Miyazaki, Y, Matsuzaki, H,**- 01 p 0 and Kaneoka, I (,**) Improved C dating of a tephra layer (AT tephra, Japan) using AMS on selected +33- organic fractions Nuclear Instruments and Methods -, +,3 +-2 in Physics Research, Section B,,,-,,, /// //3,**, - +,,/,-0,**,*++ EDS ++1 0/ 00, - +/ -/ ,**1 TKN,** Okuno, M and Nakamura, T (,**-) Radiocarbon dating of tephra layers : Recent progress in Japan 0 -*/ -,/ Quaternary International, +*/, 3 / Okuno, M, Nakamura, T, Moriwaki, H and Kobayashi, T ( +331) AMS radiocarbon dating of the Sakura- +/0 +03 jima tephra group, southern Kyushu, Japan Nu-

9 ,*+, clear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Pearson, GW ( +320) Precise caledrical dating of known Section B, +,-, 1* 1 growth-period samples using a curve fitting tech- Okuno, M, Gualtieri, L, West, D, Wilmerding, EG nique Radiocarbon,,2,,3,,33 and Nakamura, T (,**1) Aleut shell mounds inter- Punonbayan, RS ( +32/ ) An approach for estimating calated with tephra layers in Adak Island and adja- ages of active volcanoes Philippine Journal of Volcanology, cent volcanoes in the west-central Aleutians, Alaska,, ( + -,), +3+ -,*/ USA The Journal of the Geological Society of Ja- Ramos-Villarta, S, Corpuz, E and Newhall, CG ( +32/ ) pan, ++-, XIXII Eruptive history of Mayon volcano Philippine Journal of Volcanology,, ( + -,), + --/ Shiihara, M, Torii, M, Okuno, M, Domitsu, H, Nakamura,,**3 T, Kim, K-H, Moriwaki, H and Oda, M (,*++) Revised stratigraphy of the Holocene tephras on : 1 /- Ulleung Island, South Korea, and possible correlatives for the UOki tephra Quaternary Interna- Okuno, M, Shiihara, M, Torii, M, Nakamura, T, Kim, tional,,0,,,,,-, K-H, Domitsu, H, Moriwaki, H and Oda, M (,*+* a) +312 AMS radiocarbon dating of the Holocene tephra +3 * / layers in the Ulleung Island, South Korea Radiocarbon,,**0 /,, 0/ 1* 3- p *,1 Sta #, RA, Bronk Ramsey, C, Nakagawa, T and Sui-,*+* b +* getsu,**0 Project Members (,*+*) A re-analysis of the Lake Suigetsu terrestrial radiocarbon calibra- : +*- +++ tion dataset Nuclear Instruments and Methods in no + Physics Research, Section B,,02, 30* 30/ Sta #, RA, Bronk Ramsey, C, Bryant, CL, Brock, F, Okuno, M, Torii, M, Yamada, K, Shinozuka, Y, Dan- Payne RL, Schlolaut, G, Marshall, MH, Brauer, A, hara, T, Gotanda, K, Yonenobu, H and Yasuda, Y Lamb, HF, Tarasov, P, Yokoyama, Y, Haraguchi, (,*++) Widespread tephras in sediments from Lake T, Gotanda, K, Yonenobu, H, Nakagawa, T and Ichi-no-Megata in northern Japan : their descrip- Suigetsu,**0 Project Members (,*++) New C detion, correlation and significance Quaternary In- terminations from Lake Suigetsu : +,5*** to * cal ternational,,0,,0*,03 BP Radiocarbon, /-, /++ /,2 Okuno, M, Wada, K, Nakamura, T, Gualtieri, L, Stuiver, M and Reimer, P J ( +33-) Extended C data Sarata, B, West, D and Torii, M (,*+, a) Holocene base and revised CALIB-4* C age calibration protephra layers on the northern half of Adak Island gram Radiocarbon, -/,,+/,-* in the West-central Aleutian Islands, Alaska West, Takemura, K and Danhara, T ( +33 ) A method for D, Hatfield, V, Wilmerding, E, Lefevre, C and determination of volcanic glass concentrations in Gualtieri, L (eds) The people before : The geology, sedimentary sequences and application to Quaterpaleoecology and archaeology of Adak Island, nary studies Geoarchaeology, 3, -*+ -+0 Alaska : /31, Archaeopress Takemura, K, Hayashida, A, Okamura, M, Matsu- Okuno, M, Torii, M, Naruo, H, Saito-Kokubu, Y and oka, H, Ali, M, Kuniko, Y and Torii, M (,***) Kobayashi, T (,*+, b) AMS radiocarbon dates and Stratigraphy of multiple piston-core sediments for major element composition of glass shards of late the last -*5*** years from Lake Biwa, Japan Jour- Pleistocene tephras on Tanegashima Island, south- nal of Paleolimnology,,-, +2/ +33 ern Japan Radiocarbon, /, in press

10 284 /+,*+* Taniguchi, H (,*+*) C wiggle-matching of the B / 3 Tm tephra, Baitoushan volcano, ChinaNorth Ko- 1 +0* rea Radiocarbon, /,, 3--3* +32 3* +32+ : 0-0/2,* 1/ 21 Yatsuzuka, S, Okuno, M, Nakamura, T, Kimura, K, Setoma, Y, Miyamoto, T, Kim, K-H, Moriwaki, H, +320 Nagase, T, Jin, X, Jin, B-L, Takahashi, T and * +2-2 Various methods in tephrochronology : Case studies in the Philippines, China, Korea, Japan, and the Aleutian Islands Mitsuru Okuno* +,, Tephra layers provide time markers to sedi- radiocarbon dates for Tn, and Tn imply that mentary sequences in marine and terrestrial environments Therefore, this feature is useful accumulation rate is not constant between K Tz ( 3/ ka) and AT (-* ka) Precise age determias platform for crosschecking among various nation for BTm has been done by varve chrodating and environmental studies On a land nology and C wiggle-matching methods This surface, continuous accumulation of loam and crosschecking process is very important for humic soil layers allows the preservation of developing a dating method Tephra layers in tephra layers Throughout just the Holocene, lacustrine play a role as time control The data for example, Adak Island in the Aleutian Is- sets from varve counting and C dates provide lands has been covered by a sequence of soil- accurate ages of tephra layers Crypto-microtephra complexes In the Philippines, the dis- tephras contribute as time-markers However, covery of co-ignimbrite ash-falls of Irosin ig- this method has the potential to be wrong In nimbrite is a first step for establishing a chro- fact, UOki has been correlated with U, in nological framework It is necessary to con- Ulleung Island, based on recognition of a KAh duct core-drilling and stratigraphic studies in horizon Radiocarbon dating in the island alan artificial trench to obtain good samples for lows us to correlate U with UOki various analyses In Tanegashima Island, the Keywords : loam and humic soil layers, lacustrine, crosscheck, radiocarbon date, crypto-micro-tephra * + *, Department of Earth System Science, Faculty of Science, Fukuoka University 2+3+ Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka, 2 *+2*, Japan AIG Collaborative Research Institute for International Study on Eruptive History and Informatics, Fukuoka University Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka, 2 *+2*, Japan okuno@fukuoka-u ac jp

co-ignimbrite ash I,*++ tephra widespread tephra +33/ ;,*+* ,**, ;,**- ac. jp

co-ignimbrite ash I,++ tephra widespread tephra +33/ ;,+* ,, ;,- ac. jp