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1 !#$!"&#"!%. & ) # / $..,.!.,....!., +!....,!"8.., %!30&..,.!"## «,!! $» (% ) ) ) (8) ( 1 2 ), &2, 1 ()), & ) () 1. * % 52 % 1 271, 1./,. +.6)),) %,. &...: &2 19 %,, 7 %, 1 6 %,. 58 % 1 62, ).)0 ) ).! /.) 0) , &2+!&2+ 1, +&2+!& /, /1.081 ), : 1, ), 81., )30, 8) 1., 1, &2, 8 1 Abstract. Results of maize grain fusariotoxins contamination monitoring of year harvests in Russian Federation are presented. Occurrence of aflatoxin 1 in the harvest of is also discussed. High occurrence of FB 1 and FB 2 was revealed in 86 % and 52 % of 271 analyzed samples, respectively. 10 % of analyzed samples were contaminated over maximum level. Other toxins were also found out: T2 toxin in 19 % samples, ZL in 7 % of samples, AFL B 1 in 6 % of samples. 58 % of 62 samples of grain yields in years were contaminated with two or more mycotoxins. The most characteristic combinations were FB 1 + FB 2, T2 + HT2 + FB 1, ZL + T2 + HT2 + FB 1 + FB 2. AFL B1 was detected in three samples of maize along with fusariotoxins. Key words: maize, monitoring, fusariotoxins, contamination, fumonizins, zearalenone, T2 toxin, aflatoxin , 1,0 ; 130 «1,,:./,, + ). 4. (4&).).),/,./, 000.),.) 1010)./,. &/ 300 (1000 6)) ),./ ), Fusarium, Aspergillus Penicillium.!.4&,,/. ) )/, ),0, / [14] / ! (),,1 25 % ) 0 1./, 0 4&. & 5 ; ), ), / ),,2 ) 1 ) 5 ) [5].

2 130!#$!"&#"!%. & ) , 4&01 0 / 102././,1 )).) : ) [1, 68]. 1:/0/ 36 % /1 2,0) 01 4& [9]. 1., // ) )) )2./,,6 ) )/. )0/ 0 304&, 1.:00 )) ) 6:0 /,,0 1, [2, 10]. 1)./ 1./ 2,,.) ) 4& ,, 6 1 ) 0 Fusarium (.&2!&2, 8) 1. ( 1 2 ), 1 (), 1 (!, ) ), 8. () / (&). 4& /.) 0 ) 2) [7,9,11]. &2,.2 ) ),/,./ Fusarium (F. sporotrichiodes F. poae), 000 ) 1 )././ , /10, ) 6,./ )) ),./. +.) ) [11,12],.&2!&2 0 1./// 1 [5]. + 1, &2 1 3/1. (28 %),,63. (21 %) (21 %) ) &2!&2 1 1,. ). ') [1315],! [16], [17],, [18], [19] /,,./, 2,/1 /. 0,./)4&. + 3) 000),. F. graminearum F. ulmorum..) ) 2),, 00 ; 2. +)0 ) , ;, ) 81 ), 3 1), [20]..),.) ), ) 0, ),) )), /,,,,/. +.)!?0,, ), 01.),:2 (SCOOP), ::)0),,.) 9,2/, ) 32 %, 1 1 [12]. ) 1. 4&, 1)./,): ),) ) F. moniliforme J. Sheldon../ 0/,./ ) 8) , 3,.) 1 )1. ) ;/ 11., /, 5,, 0,.. ) 1...)3.) 2) [21]. 4, ) 1., 0, 1), 3.0 (',, 2). 1, 2, G 1 G 2 000,.) 1010),:./, ),, 3)./000 Aspergillus flavusa. parasiticus,., )/, 1) /, ), 000 )1./,,./0, ))6./ 000,.., 0 20, 0003, ) ;88. );, /,,:.) ) (JECFA)./ / 2., )

3 !#$!"&#"!%. & ) ,,0 (#++) 0 : 0 )). 8) 1 1, )/, 0,5 )/, &2!&2 (/)).) 0,06 )/.,),, 0,, ) 3 ) [22, 23]. 1, 4& / /)/ 8. + ; ) 16 /,:./, /,0 1. :,0.,./ )6 4&,.. 0), ( ), 1),.6, 12 1: ) ;88.) [23]. #.06, 4&, /1),,. 2,, 3)./ ) 4& 0 1 0, 1),, :0 )3),.0,:./,, 21./)1:. /, ) )2 1/ ), ).,:./, /. 0: )0. )./ 0 11., ()/, ): (1,0 01.,,63.0)0), &2 (0,1 01./), 1 (0, /, / ) 8) 1. ( 1 2 ) (4,0 0, 1 1. (&/2 ) &) 1 015/2011 «1, 1») [24]. % 0: ( &2, 1 2, ) 1, ) '().0 0..,., ,.: 27 ) ) () ( 2 2, 0 ), 1 ) (, 2 2,,, *0, 0,, $0,, 60), + ) ( 0, 0 ), ) (+) 22), % ) (* 0,,30, 0, &0 ),,:2, ), (#, 5,!, 30, 0, 1/ ) , '& «,.,.,»./,2, /0:/0/,)./,.:/,,00/,,. 0 0,),.).)#,0), 1, , 1 2 /), 2, 3 ' 2 / 2,32,,., , , 86 1 & ,11., &2 1 :0, ) 2 /):,.2, ) : )) 8) 1 (),,./ 1, ) : =@< / =@< ), ) (4). ())., L1, 1 β 1 ),, ) : ) 0 RIDASCREEN Zearalenon (, 0 0,00175 )/).

4 132!#$!"&#"!%. & ) / 3 ()). &2, 3&2,!&2 1 &2),0, ) :).0 RIDASCREEN &2 (, 0 0,0035 )/). ()). 1, G 1, 2, G 2, M 1 ),, ) :)0 RIDASCREEN Aflatoxin B 1 30/15 (, 0 0,001 )/)., 0 0/ , 4# [25]., 1., ) : 1 ) ) 2 20 ; 100 ) 3 : 2 (75:25), ) )8 8 8 (PBS).!)) 88 () Easy extract zearalenone 50 )1 8, 1), ). 20 ) PBS!=7,4,,, ; 1,5 ); 1,5 ).. +.;.?0,, /, 0 1 )).,; /,, ) : =@< Agilent 1100 )8 ) ) (.;30,0 274 );.;) 470 ),, Phenomenex Luna 18(2), 250 4,6 )), 1)3 5 )))., 281.., 1.). () 3 (B): 0 ). 60 % (*), 10 ). 80 % (*),13 ). 90 % (*), 14 ). 90 % (*), 15 ). 60 % (*), 22 ). 60 (*) (2.2,, 1 )/)). ;/ 0/)0./ 6,5 ). 0,0 0 &2!&2 ;3, )> 1.) 2 / 0, ) : 100 ))) : (9:1), 0/62 30 )8. 10 ) ) PBS,,) )1 ;,,)0, :2, ) ) PBS. = :0 1,5 )).,, / ) 8 2) Agilent 1100., 2 81., 1 Phenomenex Luna C18(2), 150 4,6 )), 1)3 5 ))., ,) ; ).,, (&),!=3,0 () 3 (*): 0 ). 30 % (*), 5 ). 45 % (*), 10 ). 60 % (*), 12 )., 15 ). 95 % (*) 16, 21 ). 30 % (*) (2.2,, 1 )/)). ;/ 0/)0./ &2!&2 10,7 7,5 ),. +4, 1 Agilent 6410 (, 2 2, ). + ).0./,.,0 0 &2!&2 0,002 0,005 )/.,,, )) &2!&2 ) (4+39) ) 0.))) 505,0 463,0., 1 2, «4 ) 10),,8) (1,,, )) ) ). ;88 2 2/ ) 8» [26]., 1, 4# [27] [28]..., 4&,0 8) (4) 1 )./, ). (4e) ( 0 2, 1/,,,./, 1:2,1010) 90, 30 (90 %), / 0.

5 !#$!"&#"!%. & ) , , % 52 %, ),.6) )) )),) 0 (4#) 10 % (. 1). & ) 1) 1 2, 11.,, ), ),, ' :/./, /, / 0,, 1. :/.6 )/ )/ 4#,1 M Me 90% (94%) 0,038,7 1,61 1,02 3,77 6 (16%) 2 26 (49%) 0,043,15 0,67 0 0, (94%) 0,0217,91 1,86 0,46 4,52 4 (15%) 2 23 (70%) 0,048,50 0,8 0,10 0, (100%) 0,1011,3 2,7 1,62 5,27 11 (39%) 2 26 (93%) 0,061,90 0,7 0,56 1, (85%) 0,012,75 0,48 0,13 1, (36%) 0,110,88 0,37 0 0, (100%) 0,080,38 0,19 0,15 0, (40%) 0,11; 0,24 0,07 0 0, (90%) 0,015,13 1,44 0,64 2,76 6 (37%) 2 11 (70%) 0,162,9 0,89 0,26 1, (60%) 0,010,56 0,22 0,01 0, (20%) 0,24 0,25 0,02 0, (63%) 0,081,94 0,86 0,10 0, (38%) 0,131,41 0,61 0,02 0, (76%) 0,0252,93 0,74 0,11 1,94 1 (5%) 2 8 (38%) 0,111,41 0,54 0 0, (50%) 0,941,88 1,19 1,19 1, (50%) 0,370,72 0,58 0,58 0, (83%) 0,030,84 0,29 0,13 0, (39%) 0,040,43 0,24 0 0, (100%) 0,54; 1,83 1,19 1,19 1, (100%) 0,11; 1,05 0,58 0,58 1, (100%) 0,922,85 1,70 1,51 2, (100%) 0,090,80 0,36 0,28 0, (50%) 0,052,02 0,46 0,025 0, (37%) 0,060,19 0,11 0 0, (67%) 0,020,51 0,132 0,03 0, (100%) 0,012,18 0,41 0,115 1, (50%) 0,040,62 0,22 0,02 0, (86%) 28 (10%) 0,0117, (52%) 0,048,5

6 134!#$!"&#"!%. & ) * ;) ) 1 16,, 1, , 2004, 2012, /1 100 % 2 0 1, ) (100 %) 2.! 6)) 01 )./ 13/. 2,7 )/ ( ) 1,44 )/ ( ). 13, :/ 1 2, /,,.6:/ 4# 5 % (2008.) 39 % (2002.)... ( , , ) % % % % &) 1 ), :0,..) 1,, 2000, ; ) , ,.60)) 4# 8) 1, ).2 90% , ) )&2,., 1, 0.1, )8) 1).!. 0 ) & , 2012, : 44 %, 50 %, 100 %, 33 %. &2 )./, /.. 0,009 0,072 )/,, ,003 )/ 0,235 )/,,; ) 2, &2,. 4# (. 2). & )&2, 11. ',,,, )./, / :/ :/, /, )/ 0, )/,.6 4#,1 M Me 90% (44%) 0 0,0060,077 0, , <0, (4,5%) 0 0,025 0, <0, (50%) 0 0,072 0,072 0,036 0, (100%) 1 (25%) 0,0030,235 0,063 0,007 0, <0, ,007;0,01 0, , (33%) 0 0,0030,100 0, ,032 : (19%) 1 (1%) 0,0030,235 $ 01.: 10, )0&2 8) 1, ) 7 % /, (. 3). $: / %,, % %... 0,.6 11%. )./ 13/ 0,005 )/ 0,315 )/.! 21 )./, /,,.6:/4#, ) 6 % 1 49./, (. 4). $: ).., /1 4./, %. )./ 13/ 0,007 0,0247 )/, ) 0,0127 )/.! )1

7 !#$!"&#"!%. & ) )./ , :/ 1,.64# 6 % ( ) 25 % ( ). & ), 11. ',,,, )./ :/, / :/, /, )/,.6 0, )/ 4#,1 M Me 90% (1%) 0 0,05 0, (6%) 0 0,08; 0,14 0, (5%) 0 0,08; 0,14 0, (6%) 0 0,05;0,11 0, <0, (21%) 0 0,010,04 0, <0, <0, <0, (6%) 0 0,012 0, <0, (100%) 0 0,0180,315 0,161 0,156 0, (11%) 0 0,006;0,008 0, , (22%) 0 0,0080,038 0, , (11%) 0 0,005;0,017 0,011 0,011 0,0158 : (7,0%) 0 0,005 0,315 & ) 1, 11.,, ), ',, :/./, /, / 0,, :/ )/ )/.6 4#,1 M Me 90% (50%) 1 (25%) 0,0007; 0,0127 0, ,017 0, <0, <0, (6%) 1 (6%) 0,011 0,011 0,011 0,011 : 49 3 (9%) 2 (4%) &) 1 ), :0,..6., ) 1,, 2000, , : 0 ). 2 )3;) ) , 2005, 2012, 2013, ; % 1, % 2.+; ) , ,.60 )) 4# 8) 1, ).2 90 % , )..

8 136!#$!"&#"!%. & ) ), ). 1 2, 8) 1) &2 ) (19 %, ), (7 %, ) 1 (6 %, ) & ),.)1.// 1. [29]. )01. 1),011. ) /81 ( 1, 2, &2, ) , ) 62, 11.; 0.,., 2013., (. 5). *., 1, 58 %,.1.. ).)0 4&. &3 5 +., , :) ' &, , (31 %) &2+!& (8 %) +&2+!& (6 %) &2+!& (5 %) (3 %) (2 %) & (2 %) & (2 %) ! 31 %, ; 8 % &2+!& 2+ 1 ; 6 % +&2+!& ,./,0/1.,. 00 ).&2+!& % ; % ; % ; & % ; & %. ); /,0/1.081 ) 1 (+&2+!& , , ) )111.)),)), 3)4&.. 1. ) ), : 0, , 11. ) 81 ), 1 /,. ).), 0) / / 2/, 10 1,.)0. % 1. Fusariotoxins in Russian Federation grain harvests Tutelyan V.A. /Zakharova L.P. et al. // Food Additives & Contaminants: Part B Vol C &0.. 4& (43,.) /..&0..,.. 4.: 43, /..!.., 21, 1 (/, ) /..4/..,..,.. // 4.:,,

9 !#$!"&#"!%. & ) Weidenbornen M. Encyclopedia of food mycotoxins. Springer, p. 5. FAO. Mycotoxins. Food Safety and Quality & /&0..,..,.7. // &. 1.!3 0)0) Ueno Y. Trichothecenes as environmental toxicants. In: Reviews in environmental toxicology // 2 Elsevier. Amsterdam. New York. Oxford P Mycotoxins: Occurrence, toxicology, and exposure assessment/marin S et al //Food Chem. Toxicol P Alshannaq A. and Yu J.H. Occurrence, Toxicity, and Analysis of Major Mycotoxins nt. J. Environ. Res. Public Health P Zinedine A. Review on toxicity, occurrence, metabolism, detoxification, regulations and intake of zearalenone: an estrogenic mycotoxin// Food Chem. Toxicol V P Marasas W.F. Toxigenic Fusarium species: Identification and Mycotoxicology. The Pennsylvania state university press Colle ction of occurrence data of Fusarium toxins in food and assessment of dietary intake by the population of EU member states. European Commission. Report on Task for Scientific Cooperation (SCOOP) EC Brussels Occurrence of type A trichothecenes in conventionally and organically produced oats and oat product/ Gottschalk C., Barthel J., Engelhardt G. Et al. // Mol. Nutr. Food Res Vol. 51, No 12. P Natural occurrence of Fusarium toxins in soy food marketed in Germany/ Schollenberger M., Müller H.M., Rüfle M. et al. // Int. J. Food Microbiol Vol No 2. P Further survey of the occurrence of Fusarium toxins in wheat grain in southwest Germany/ Müller H.M., J. Reimann, Schumacher U. et al. // Arch, Tierernahr Vol. 54, No Trichothecene mycotoxins and their determination in settled dust related to grain production/ Nordby K.C., Halstensen, A.S., Elen O. et al // Ann. Agric. Environ. Med V P Incidence of trichothecenes and zearalenone in poultry feed mixtures from Slovakia/ Labuda R., Parich A., Bertiller F. et al. // Int. J. of Food Microbiol V. 105, 9 1. P Soliman S. Mycoflora and Fusarium toxins of three types of corn grains in Egypt with special reference to production of trichothecene toxins // Microbiol. Res Vol No 3. P Analysis of T2 and HT2 toxins in cereal grains by immunoaffinity cleanup and liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection/ Visconti A., Lattanzio V.M., Pascale M., et al. // J. chromatogr. A V P * 1,, ).,. ).,:/.,.. &0 //,., WHO. Fumonisin B1. (Environmental Health Criteria 219). WHO, Geneva, 2000, 150 pp. 22. JCFA. Evaluation of certain mycotoxins in food. (WHO Technical Report Series 9906). WHO, Geneva, pp. 23. JFCFA. Safety evaluation of certain mycotoxins in food. (WHO Food Additives Series 47 and FAO Food (WHO Food Additives Series 47 and FAO Food and Nutrition Paper 74) pp. 24. &/2)&) 1 015/2011 (&& 015/2011) 1, 1) # ,, 83, 01 ( ) ) 1 11, /» # ,,8) (1,,, )) ) ). ;88 2 2/ ) 8» # ,, 83,0 08, ).,:./, /, ) :. ;88 2 2/ ) 8». 28., ) )11,,:./, /,..4. /,.. &0. 4.: *, 43, CoOccurrence of Regulated, Masked and Emerging Mycotoxins and Secondary Metabolites in Finished Feed and Maize An Extensive Survey/ Kovalsky P., Kos G, Nahrer K. et al. // Toxins C. 363.