LAD Estimation for Time Series Models With Finite and Infinite Variance
|
|
- Ευφρανωρ Διαμαντόπουλος
- 5 χρόνια πριν
- Προβολές:
Transcript
1 LAD Estimatio for Time Series Moels With Fiite a Ifiite Variace Richar A. Davis Colorao State Uiversity William Dusmuir Uiversity of New South Wales 1
2 LAD Estimatio for ARMA Moels fiite variace ifiite variace A Real Data Example LAD estimatio uit root problem 2
3 Αsymptotics i No-staar Settigs (Whe Taylor series expasios o ot work.) Applicatios to: LAD estimatio (Pollar `91, Davis a Dusmuir `95) M-estimatio with ifiite variace (Davis, Kight a Liu `92, Davis `95) Uit root problems (AR + MA) (Davis a Dusmuir `95, Davis, Che a Dusmuir `95) 3
4 Εxample (The meia). Data. Z 1,..., Z, IID meia 0 a pf f(0) > 0. Meia. m = meia(z 1,..., Z ) Asymptotics: Note: m (assume m 0 = populatio meia = 0) m is AN(0,??) miimizes T (m) = ( Z t m Z t ) 4
5 Set u= 1/2 m a put The S (u ) = T (u -1/2 ) u = 1/2 m. Usig the key ietity, we have t = 1 = ( Z t u -1/2 Z t ). z-y - z = -y sg(z) + 2(y-z) (I(0<z<y) - I(y<z<0)), S (u) = u -1/2 sg(z t ) + 2 ( -1/2 u-z t ){ I(0< Z t < -1/2 u)- I( -1/2 u<z t <0)} 5
6 S (u) = u -1/2 sg(z t ) + 2 ( -1/2 u-z t ){ I(0< Z t < -1/2 u) I( -1/2 u<z t <0)} = : A +B Results: A -un, N ~ N(0,1) (CLT) EB = 2E( -1/2 u-z t ) I(0< Z t < -1/2 u) (for u>0) -1/2 u = 2 ( -1/2 u z) F(z) 0-1/2 u ~ 2 ( -1/2 u z) f(0)z = u 2 f(0). 0 6
7 Coclue : A B P -un u 2 f(0) S (u) S(u):= un + u 2 f(0) [o C( R) ] u = 1/2 m u := miimizer of S(u). Solve S'(u) = N + 2 u f(0) = 0, we obtai u = N/(2f(0)) ~ N(0,1/(4f 2 (0))) or 1/2 m N(0,1/(4f 2 (0))) 7
8 The Paraigm: Objective fuctio to be miimize: T (θ) Reparameterize by settig u = a (θ θ 0 ) θ 0 = true value, a = scalig Form ew objective fuctio: S (u) = T (θ 0 +u/a ) Establish weak covergece of S (u) to S(u) o C(R) R). Show u = a (θ θ 0 ) u:= argmi S(u) 8
9 8 Theorem. Let {Y t } be the liear process Y t = c j Z t-j, c j <, where {Z t }~IID(0,σ 2 ), meia(z 1 )=0, a f(0)>0. The S := ( Z t - -1/2 Y t-1 - Z t ) j= 0 j= 0 γ f(0) + N, where N ~ N(0, γ) (γ = Var(Y t )). Key ietity: z-y - z = -y sg(z) + 2(y-z) (I(0<z<y) - I(y<z<0)) 9
10 Usig the key ietity, z-y - z = -y sg(z) + 2(y-z) (I(0<z<y) - I(y<z<0)), we have S = -1/2 Y t-1 sg(z t ) + 2 ( -1/2 Y t-1 -Z t ){ I(0< Z t < -1/2 Y t-1 )- I( -1/2 Y t-1 <Z t <0)} = : A + B Result: A N (MG CLT) B P γ f(0) (Ergoic Theorem) 10
11 Results : A un 1 v N 2, (N 1,N 2 ) T ~ N( )., 0 1 EX 1 0 EX 1 EX 1 2 EB B P EY 1 2 f(0) = (u,v) (u,v) T f(0). (u,v) (u,v) T f(0). Coclue : S (u,v) un 1 v N 2 + (u,v) (u,v) T f(0). (u,v ) T -1 (N 1,N 2 ) T / 2f(0) ~ N(0, -1 / 4f 2 (0)) ( 1/2 (µ µ 0 ), 1/2 (φ φ 0 )) T N(0, -1 / 4f 2 (0)) 11
12 Εxample (AR(1)). Data. X 1,..., X Moel. X t = µ 0 + φ 0 X t-1 +Z t, LAD estimatio: Miimize φ 0 < 1, {Z t } ~ IID(0,σ 2 ), f(0)>0. T (µ,φ) = ( X t µ φx t-1 Z t ) = ( Z t (µ µ 0 ) (φ φ 0 )X t-1 Z t ) Set u= 1/2 (µ µ 0 ), v= 1/2 (φ φ 0 ), S (u,v) = ( Z t u -1/2 v -1/2 X t-1 Z t ) 12
13 S (u,v) = ( Z t u -1/2 v -1/2 X t-1 Z t ) = ( Z t -1/2 Y t-1 Z t ) ( -1/2 Y t-1 = u -1/2 + v -1/2 X t-1 ) = - -1/2 Y t-1 sg(z t ) + 2 ( -1/2 Y t-1 -Z t ){ I(0< Z t < -1/2 Y t-1 )- I( -1/2 Y t-1 <Z t <0)} = : A + B 13
14 Results : A un 1 v N 2, (N 1,N 2 ) T ~ N( )., 0 1 EX 1 0 EX 1 EX 1 2 EB B P EY 1 2 f(0) = (u,v) (u,v) T f(0). (u,v) (u,v) T f(0). Coclue : S (u,v) un 1 v N 2 + (u,v) (u,v) T f(0). (u,v ) T -1 (N 1,N 2 ) T / 2f(0) ~ N(0, -1 / 4f 2 (0)) ( 1/2 (µ µ 0 ), 1/2 (φ φ 0 )) T N(0, -1 / 4f 2 (0)) 14
15 Εxample (MA(1)). Data. X 1,..., X Moel. X t = Z t + θ Z t-1, LAD estimatio: θ 0 < 1, {Z t } ~ IID(0,σ 2 ), f(0)>0. Miimize T (θ) = ( Z t (θ) - Z t (θ 0 ) ) Set u= 1/2 (θ θ 0 ), = ( X t θx t-1 +θ 2 X t (-θ) t-1 X 1 - Z t (θ 0 ) ) 15
16 S (u) = T (θ 0 + u -1/2 ) = ( Z t (θ 0 + u -1/2 ) - Z t (θ 0 ) ) (Not a covex fuctio of u!) Liearize Z t (θ 0 + u -1/2 ) to get S (u) ( Z t (θ 0 ) + u -1/2 Z t ' (θ 0 ) - Z t (θ 0 ) ) where -Z t ' (θ 0 ) is the AR(1) process Y t = θ 0 Y t-1 +Z t. Result : Same limit result as i the AR(1) case, i.e. 1/2 (θ LAD θ 0 ) N / (Var(Y t )2f(0)) ~ N(0, (1-θ 2 ) / (σ 2 4f 2 (0))) 16
17 Liearize Versio : Iitial estimate : θ 0 = θ 0 + O p ( -1/2 ) Objective Fuctio: The T (θ) = ( Z t (θ 0 ) + Z' t (θ 0 )(θ θ 0 ) - Z t (θ 0 ) ). 1/2 (θ L θ 0 ) N(0, (1-θ 2 ) / (4f 2 (0))), where θ L = argmi T (θ) 17
18 Extesios : ARMA Moel : φ(b)x t = θ(b)z t, {Z t } ~ IID(0,σ 2 ), f(0)>0. Set β = (φ 1,..., φ p, θ 1,..., θ q ) T a The v = 1/2 (β β 0 ) (i) S (v ) := ( Z t (β 0 + v -1/2 ) - Z t (β 0 ) ) f(0)v T Γ Q -1/2 v + v T N, N~N( 0, Γ Q ), (i C(R p+q )) (ii) v LAD = 1/2 (β LAD β 0 ) Γ -1 Q N/(2f(0)) ~ N(0, Γ Q -1 /(4f 2 (0))) Note: Γ Q -1 σ 2 is the limitig covariace matrix i Gaussia case. 18
19 ARMA Moel With Stable Noise: (Davis, Kight a Liu `92 for AR case, Davis `95 for ARMA.) Moel: φ(b)x t = θ(b)z t, {Z t } ~ IID symmetric stable(α), 0<α < 2. 1/α (β LAD β 0 ) W I this case both A a B have raom limits! Least squares estimates: ( / l ) 1/α (β LS β 0 ) V Simulatio results: Cauchy oise LS LAD AR(1) φ=.4.395(.041).399(.015) MA(1) θ=.8.795(.049).794(.036) ARMA(1,1) φ=.4.399(.053).399(.026) θ=.8.781(.046).781(.033) 19
20 Liear Regressio with ARMA Errors : Moel : Y t = A T t α + X t, where {X t } follows a ARMA process φ(b)x t = θ(b)z t, {Z t } ~ IID(0,σ 2 ), f(0)>0. Assume A T t = (a 1t,..., a rt ) T satisfies Greaer s coitios: (a) a j /b j 0 (b) (c) B -1 A t A t+j T B -1 Γ A (j) b j P P8 where b j 2 = A t 2 a B = iag(b 1t,..., b rt ). P 20
21 Estimatio: Let X t (α) = 0, if t < 1, Y t A t T α, if t > 0, a for τ Τ =( α Τ, β Τ ), efie Z t (τ) =... 0, if t < 1, φ(b)x t (α) θ 1 Z t-1 (τ) θ q Z t-q (τ), if t > 0, Miimize S ( u, v) = ( Z t (τ 0 + (u,v)) - Z t (τ 0 ) ) where (u,v) = ( (B -1 u) T, -1/2 v T ) T. 21
22 Result : S ( u, v) S ( u, v) o C(R p+q+r ) B (α LAD α 0 ), 1/2 (β LAD β 0 ) Γ 1 N /(2f(0)) ~ N(0, Γ -1 /(4f 2 (0))), where a Γ = Γ C 0 0 T Γ Q j, k Γ C = π j π k Γ A (j-k), π(b) = θ 0 (B) / φ 0 (B). 22
23 A Example : (overshorts Y 1,..., Y 57 storage tak.) from uergrou (gallos) ACF Lag 23
24 Moel. Y t = µ + Z t +θz t-1 Problem. Estimate µ a costruct a C.I.? (Is µ < -5 gallos/ay?) Estimatio. Estimates Asymptotic Var µ MLE = 4.87 (1+θ) 2 σ 2 / = (1.408) 2 θ MLE =.849 (1 θ 2 )/ = (.070) 2 µ LAD = (1+θ) 2 /(4f 2 (0)) = (2.236) 2 θ LAD =.673 (1 θ 2 ) / (σ 2 4(f 2 (0))) = (.106) 2 24
25 Uit Root. If θ=1, the µ MLE is AN(µ 0, 12σ 2 / 3 ) (if θ is ot estimate) µ MLE is asymptotically o-ormal (if θ is estimate) Asymptotic istributio of µ LAD a θ LAD whe θ = 1? 25
Estimation for ARMA Processes with Stable Noise. Matt Calder & Richard A. Davis Colorado State University
Estimation for ARMA Processes with Stable Noise Matt Calder & Richard A. Davis Colorado State University rdavis@stat.colostate.edu 1 ARMA processes with stable noise Review of M-estimation Examples of
Διαβάστε περισσότεραHomework for 1/27 Due 2/5
Name: ID: Homework for /7 Due /5. [ 8-3] I Example D of Sectio 8.4, the pdf of the populatio distributio is + αx x f(x α) =, α, otherwise ad the method of momets estimate was foud to be ˆα = 3X (where
Διαβάστε περισσότερα4.6 Autoregressive Moving Average Model ARMA(1,1)
84 CHAPTER 4. STATIONARY TS MODELS 4.6 Autoregressive Moving Average Model ARMA(,) This section is an introduction to a wide class of models ARMA(p,q) which we will consider in more detail later in this
Διαβάστε περισσότεραFREE VIBRATION OF A SINGLE-DEGREE-OF-FREEDOM SYSTEM Revision B
FREE VIBRATION OF A SINGLE-DEGREE-OF-FREEDOM SYSTEM Revisio B By Tom Irvie Email: tomirvie@aol.com February, 005 Derivatio of the Equatio of Motio Cosier a sigle-egree-of-freeom system. m x k c where m
Διαβάστε περισσότεραOther Test Constructions: Likelihood Ratio & Bayes Tests
Other Test Constructions: Likelihood Ratio & Bayes Tests Side-Note: So far we have seen a few approaches for creating tests such as Neyman-Pearson Lemma ( most powerful tests of H 0 : θ = θ 0 vs H 1 :
Διαβάστε περισσότεραMatrices and Determinants
Matrices and Determinants SUBJECTIVE PROBLEMS: Q 1. For what value of k do the following system of equations possess a non-trivial (i.e., not all zero) solution over the set of rationals Q? x + ky + 3z
Διαβάστε περισσότεραLecture 17: Minimum Variance Unbiased (MVUB) Estimators
ECE 830 Fall 2011 Statistical Sigal Processig istructor: R. Nowak, scribe: Iseok Heo Lecture 17: Miimum Variace Ubiased (MVUB Estimators Ultimately, we would like to be able to argue that a give estimator
Διαβάστε περισσότεραStatistical Inference I Locally most powerful tests
Statistical Inference I Locally most powerful tests Shirsendu Mukherjee Department of Statistics, Asutosh College, Kolkata, India. shirsendu st@yahoo.co.in So far we have treated the testing of one-sided
Διαβάστε περισσότεραExample Sheet 3 Solutions
Example Sheet 3 Solutions. i Regular Sturm-Liouville. ii Singular Sturm-Liouville mixed boundary conditions. iii Not Sturm-Liouville ODE is not in Sturm-Liouville form. iv Regular Sturm-Liouville note
Διαβάστε περισσότεραΣτα επόμενα θεωρούμε ότι όλα συμβαίνουν σε ένα χώρο πιθανότητας ( Ω,,P) Modes of convergence: Οι τρόποι σύγκλισης μιας ακολουθίας τ.μ.
Στα πόμνα θωρούμ ότι όλα συμβαίνουν σ ένα χώρο πιθανότητας ( Ω,,). Modes of covergece: Οι τρόποι σύγκλισης μιας ακολουθίας τ.μ. { } ίναι οι ξής: σ μια τ.μ.. Ισχυρή σύγκλιση strog covergece { } lim = =.
Διαβάστε περισσότεραEcon 2110: Fall 2008 Suggested Solutions to Problem Set 8 questions or comments to Dan Fetter 1
Eon : Fall 8 Suggested Solutions to Problem Set 8 Email questions or omments to Dan Fetter Problem. Let X be a salar with density f(x, θ) (θx + θ) [ x ] with θ. (a) Find the most powerful level α test
Διαβάστε περισσότερα2 Composition. Invertible Mappings
Arkansas Tech University MATH 4033: Elementary Modern Algebra Dr. Marcel B. Finan Composition. Invertible Mappings In this section we discuss two procedures for creating new mappings from old ones, namely,
Διαβάστε περισσότερα1. For each of the following power series, find the interval of convergence and the radius of convergence:
Math 6 Practice Problems Solutios Power Series ad Taylor Series 1. For each of the followig power series, fid the iterval of covergece ad the radius of covergece: (a ( 1 x Notice that = ( 1 +1 ( x +1.
Διαβάστε περισσότερα6. MAXIMUM LIKELIHOOD ESTIMATION
6 MAXIMUM LIKELIHOOD ESIMAION [1] Maximum Likelihood Estimator (1) Cases in which θ (unknown parameter) is scalar Notational Clarification: From now on, we denote the true value of θ as θ o hen, view θ
Διαβάστε περισσότεραOutline. Detection Theory. Background. Background (Cont.)
Outlie etectio heory Chapter7. etermiistic Sigals with Ukow Parameters afiseh S. Mazloum ov. 3th Backgroud Importace of sigal iformatio Ukow amplitude Ukow arrival time Siusoidal detectio Classical liear
Διαβάστε περισσότεραSUPERPOSITION, MEASUREMENT, NORMALIZATION, EXPECTATION VALUES. Reading: QM course packet Ch 5 up to 5.6
SUPERPOSITION, MEASUREMENT, NORMALIZATION, EXPECTATION VALUES Readig: QM course packet Ch 5 up to 5. 1 ϕ (x) = E = π m( a) =1,,3,4,5 for xa (x) = πx si L L * = πx L si L.5 ϕ' -.5 z 1 (x) = L si
Διαβάστε περισσότεραDurbin-Levinson recursive method
Durbin-Levinson recursive method A recursive method for computing ϕ n is useful because it avoids inverting large matrices; when new data are acquired, one can update predictions, instead of starting again
Διαβάστε περισσότεραSolutions: Homework 3
Solutios: Homework 3 Suppose that the radom variables Y,, Y satisfy Y i = βx i + ε i : i,, where x,, x R are fixed values ad ε,, ε Normal0, σ ) with σ R + kow Fid ˆβ = MLEβ) IND Solutio: Observe that Y
Διαβάστε περισσότεραExam Statistics 6 th September 2017 Solution
Exam Statstcs 6 th September 17 Soluto Maura Mezzett Exercse 1 Let (X 1,..., X be a raom sample of... raom varables. Let f θ (x be the esty fucto. Let ˆθ be the MLE of θ, θ be the true parameter, L(θ be
Διαβάστε περισσότεραLast Lecture. Biostatistics Statistical Inference Lecture 19 Likelihood Ratio Test. Example of Hypothesis Testing.
Last Lecture Biostatistics 602 - Statistical Iferece Lecture 19 Likelihood Ratio Test Hyu Mi Kag March 26th, 2013 Describe the followig cocepts i your ow words Hypothesis Null Hypothesis Alterative Hypothesis
Διαβάστε περισσότεραPhys460.nb Solution for the t-dependent Schrodinger s equation How did we find the solution? (not required)
Phys460.nb 81 ψ n (t) is still the (same) eigenstate of H But for tdependent H. The answer is NO. 5.5.5. Solution for the tdependent Schrodinger s equation If we assume that at time t 0, the electron starts
Διαβάστε περισσότεραSolve the difference equation
Solve the differece equatio Solutio: y + 3 3y + + y 0 give tat y 0 4, y 0 ad y 8. Let Z{y()} F() Taig Z-trasform o both sides i (), we get y + 3 3y + + y 0 () Z y + 3 3y + + y Z 0 Z y + 3 3Z y + + Z y
Διαβάστε περισσότεραAsymptotic distribution of MLE
Asymptotic distribution of MLE Theorem Let {X t } be a causal and invertible ARMA(p,q) process satisfying Φ(B)X = Θ(B)Z, {Z t } IID(0, σ 2 ). Let ( ˆφ, ˆϑ) the values that minimize LL n (φ, ϑ) among those
Διαβάστε περισσότεραOrdinal Arithmetic: Addition, Multiplication, Exponentiation and Limit
Ordinal Arithmetic: Addition, Multiplication, Exponentiation and Limit Ting Zhang Stanford May 11, 2001 Stanford, 5/11/2001 1 Outline Ordinal Classification Ordinal Addition Ordinal Multiplication Ordinal
Διαβάστε περισσότεραIntroduction of Numerical Analysis #03 TAGAMI, Daisuke (IMI, Kyushu University)
Itroductio of Numerical Aalysis #03 TAGAMI, Daisuke (IMI, Kyushu Uiversity) web page of the lecture: http://www2.imi.kyushu-u.ac.jp/~tagami/lec/ Strategy of Numerical Simulatios Pheomea Error modelize
Διαβάστε περισσότεραCHAPTER 25 SOLVING EQUATIONS BY ITERATIVE METHODS
CHAPTER 5 SOLVING EQUATIONS BY ITERATIVE METHODS EXERCISE 104 Page 8 1. Find the positive root of the equation x + 3x 5 = 0, correct to 3 significant figures, using the method of bisection. Let f(x) =
Διαβάστε περισσότεραF19MC2 Solutions 9 Complex Analysis
F9MC Solutions 9 Complex Analysis. (i) Let f(z) = eaz +z. Then f is ifferentiable except at z = ±i an so by Cauchy s Resiue Theorem e az z = πi[res(f,i)+res(f, i)]. +z C(,) Since + has zeros of orer at
Διαβάστε περισσότεραHW 3 Solutions 1. a) I use the auto.arima R function to search over models using AIC and decide on an ARMA(3,1)
HW 3 Solutions a) I use the autoarima R function to search over models using AIC and decide on an ARMA3,) b) I compare the ARMA3,) to ARMA,0) ARMA3,) does better in all three criteria c) The plot of the
Διαβάστε περισσότεραw o = R 1 p. (1) R = p =. = 1
Πανεπιστήµιο Κρήτης - Τµήµα Επιστήµης Υπολογιστών ΗΥ-570: Στατιστική Επεξεργασία Σήµατος 205 ιδάσκων : Α. Μουχτάρης Τριτη Σειρά Ασκήσεων Λύσεις Ασκηση 3. 5.2 (a) From the Wiener-Hopf equation we have:
Διαβάστε περισσότεραST5224: Advanced Statistical Theory II
ST5224: Advanced Statistical Theory II 2014/2015: Semester II Tutorial 7 1. Let X be a sample from a population P and consider testing hypotheses H 0 : P = P 0 versus H 1 : P = P 1, where P j is a known
Διαβάστε περισσότεραInverse trigonometric functions & General Solution of Trigonometric Equations. ------------------ ----------------------------- -----------------
Inverse trigonometric functions & General Solution of Trigonometric Equations. 1. Sin ( ) = a) b) c) d) Ans b. Solution : Method 1. Ans a: 17 > 1 a) is rejected. w.k.t Sin ( sin ) = d is rejected. If sin
Διαβάστε περισσότεραIntroduction to the ML Estimation of ARMA processes
Introduction to the ML Estimation of ARMA processes Eduardo Rossi University of Pavia October 2013 Rossi ARMA Estimation Financial Econometrics - 2013 1 / 1 We consider the AR(p) model: Y t = c + φ 1 Y
Διαβάστε περισσότερα6.3 Forecasting ARMA processes
122 CHAPTER 6. ARMA MODELS 6.3 Forecasting ARMA processes The purpose of forecasting is to predict future values of a TS based on the data collected to the present. In this section we will discuss a linear
Διαβάστε περισσότεραMATH423 String Theory Solutions 4. = 0 τ = f(s). (1) dτ ds = dxµ dτ f (s) (2) dτ 2 [f (s)] 2 + dxµ. dτ f (s) (3)
1. MATH43 String Theory Solutions 4 x = 0 τ = fs). 1) = = f s) ) x = x [f s)] + f s) 3) equation of motion is x = 0 if an only if f s) = 0 i.e. fs) = As + B with A, B constants. i.e. allowe reparametrisations
Διαβάστε περισσότεραEN40: Dynamics and Vibrations
EN40: Dyamics a Vibratios School of Egieerig Brow Uiversity Solutios to Differetial Equatios of Motio for Vibratig Systems Here, we summarize the solutios to the most importat ifferetial equatios of motio
Διαβάστε περισσότεραLecture 3: Asymptotic Normality of M-estimators
Lecture 3: Asymptotic Istructor: Departmet of Ecoomics Staford Uiversity Prepared by Webo Zhou, Remi Uiversity Refereces Takeshi Amemiya, 1985, Advaced Ecoometrics, Harvard Uiversity Press Newey ad McFadde,
Διαβάστε περισσότεραΚΥΠΡΙΑΚΗ ΕΤΑΙΡΕΙΑ ΠΛΗΡΟΦΟΡΙΚΗΣ CYPRUS COMPUTER SOCIETY ΠΑΓΚΥΠΡΙΟΣ ΜΑΘΗΤΙΚΟΣ ΔΙΑΓΩΝΙΣΜΟΣ ΠΛΗΡΟΦΟΡΙΚΗΣ 19/5/2007
Οδηγίες: Να απαντηθούν όλες οι ερωτήσεις. Αν κάπου κάνετε κάποιες υποθέσεις να αναφερθούν στη σχετική ερώτηση. Όλα τα αρχεία που αναφέρονται στα προβλήματα βρίσκονται στον ίδιο φάκελο με το εκτελέσιμο
Διαβάστε περισσότεραEvery set of first-order formulas is equivalent to an independent set
Every set of first-order formulas is equivalent to an independent set May 6, 2008 Abstract A set of first-order formulas, whatever the cardinality of the set of symbols, is equivalent to an independent
Διαβάστε περισσότεραModule 5. February 14, h 0min
Module 5 Stationary Time Series Models Part 2 AR and ARMA Models and Their Properties Class notes for Statistics 451: Applied Time Series Iowa State University Copyright 2015 W. Q. Meeker. February 14,
Διαβάστε περισσότεραA Note on Intuitionistic Fuzzy. Equivalence Relation
International Mathematical Forum, 5, 2010, no. 67, 3301-3307 A Note on Intuitionistic Fuzzy Equivalence Relation D. K. Basnet Dept. of Mathematics, Assam University Silchar-788011, Assam, India dkbasnet@rediffmail.com
Διαβάστε περισσότεραECE 308 SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS FALL 2017 Answers to selected problems on prior years examinations
ECE 308 SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS FALL 07 Answers to selected problems on prior years examinations Answers to problems on Midterm Examination #, Spring 009. x(t) = r(t + ) r(t ) u(t ) r(t ) + r(t 3) + u(t +
Διαβάστε περισσότεραLecture 26: Circular domains
Introductory lecture notes on Partial Differential Equations - c Anthony Peirce. Not to be copied, used, or revised without eplicit written permission from the copyright owner. 1 Lecture 6: Circular domains
Διαβάστε περισσότεραp n r.01.05.10.15.20.25.30.35.40.45.50.55.60.65.70.75.80.85.90.95
r r Table 4 Biomial Probability Distributio C, r p q This table shows the probability of r successes i idepedet trials, each with probability of success p. p r.01.05.10.15.0.5.30.35.40.45.50.55.60.65.70.75.80.85.90.95
Διαβάστε περισσότεραtrue value θ. Fisher information is meaningful for families of distribution which are regular: W (x) f(x θ)dx
Fisher Iformatio April 6, 26 Debdeep Pati Fisher Iformatio Assume X fx θ pdf or pmf with θ Θ R. Defie I X θ E θ [ θ log fx θ 2 ] where θ log fx θ is the derivative of the log-likelihood fuctio evaluated
Διαβάστε περισσότεραApproximation of distance between locations on earth given by latitude and longitude
Approximation of distance between locations on earth given by latitude and longitude Jan Behrens 2012-12-31 In this paper we shall provide a method to approximate distances between two points on earth
Διαβάστε περισσότεραEE101: Resonance in RLC circuits
EE11: Resonance in RLC circuits M. B. Patil mbatil@ee.iitb.ac.in www.ee.iitb.ac.in/~sequel Deartment of Electrical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Bombay I V R V L V C I = I m = R + jωl + 1/jωC
Διαβάστε περισσότεραECE Spring Prof. David R. Jackson ECE Dept. Notes 2
ECE 634 Spring 6 Prof. David R. Jackson ECE Dept. Notes Fields in a Source-Free Region Example: Radiation from an aperture y PEC E t x Aperture Assume the following choice of vector potentials: A F = =
Διαβάστε περισσότεραHomework 3 Solutions
Homework 3 Solutions Igor Yanovsky (Math 151A TA) Problem 1: Compute the absolute error and relative error in approximations of p by p. (Use calculator!) a) p π, p 22/7; b) p π, p 3.141. Solution: For
Διαβάστε περισσότεραΑπόκριση σε Μοναδιαία Ωστική Δύναμη (Unit Impulse) Απόκριση σε Δυνάμεις Αυθαίρετα Μεταβαλλόμενες με το Χρόνο. Απόστολος Σ.
Απόκριση σε Δυνάμεις Αυθαίρετα Μεταβαλλόμενες με το Χρόνο The time integral of a force is referred to as impulse, is determined by and is obtained from: Newton s 2 nd Law of motion states that the action
Διαβάστε περισσότεραSection 8.3 Trigonometric Equations
99 Section 8. Trigonometric Equations Objective 1: Solve Equations Involving One Trigonometric Function. In this section and the next, we will exple how to solving equations involving trigonometric functions.
Διαβάστε περισσότεραFractional Colorings and Zykov Products of graphs
Fractional Colorings and Zykov Products of graphs Who? Nichole Schimanski When? July 27, 2011 Graphs A graph, G, consists of a vertex set, V (G), and an edge set, E(G). V (G) is any finite set E(G) is
Διαβάστε περισσότεραAbstract Storage Devices
Abstract Storage Devices Robert König Ueli Maurer Stefano Tessaro SOFSEM 2009 January 27, 2009 Outline 1. Motivation: Storage Devices 2. Abstract Storage Devices (ASD s) 3. Reducibility 4. Factoring ASD
Διαβάστε περισσότεραΜηχανική Μάθηση Hypothesis Testing
ΕΛΛΗΝΙΚΗ ΔΗΜΟΚΡΑΤΙΑ ΠΑΝΕΠΙΣΤΗΜΙΟ ΚΡΗΤΗΣ Μηχανική Μάθηση Hypothesis Testing Γιώργος Μπορμπουδάκης Τμήμα Επιστήμης Υπολογιστών Procedure 1. Form the null (H 0 ) and alternative (H 1 ) hypothesis 2. Consider
Διαβάστε περισσότεραThe Equivalence Theorem in Optimal Design
he Equivalece heorem i Optimal Desig Raier Schwabe & homas Schmelter, Otto vo Guericke Uiversity agdeburg Bayer Scherig Pharma, Berli rschwabe@ovgu.de PODE 007 ay 4, 007 Outlie Prologue: Simple eamples.
Διαβάστε περισσότεραNumerical Analysis FMN011
Numerical Analysis FMN011 Carmen Arévalo Lund University carmen@maths.lth.se Lecture 12 Periodic data A function g has period P if g(x + P ) = g(x) Model: Trigonometric polynomial of order M T M (x) =
Διαβάστε περισσότεραΠανεπιστήµιο Κρήτης - Τµήµα Επιστήµης Υπολογιστών. ΗΥ-570: Στατιστική Επεξεργασία Σήµατος. ιδάσκων : Α. Μουχτάρης. εύτερη Σειρά Ασκήσεων.
Πανεπιστήµιο Κρήτης - Τµήµα Επιστήµης Υπολογιστών ΗΥ-570: Στατιστική Επεξεργασία Σήµατος 2015 ιδάσκων : Α. Μουχτάρης εύτερη Σειρά Ασκήσεων Λύσεις Ασκηση 1. 1. Consder the gven expresson for R 1/2 : R 1/2
Διαβάστε περισσότεραLecture 21: Properties and robustness of LSE
Lecture 21: Properties and robustness of LSE BLUE: Robustness of LSE against normality We now study properties of l τ β and σ 2 under assumption A2, i.e., without the normality assumption on ε. From Theorem
Διαβάστε περισσότεραAdvanced Statistics. Chen, L.-A. Distribution of order statistics: Review : Let X 1,..., X k be random variables with joint p.d.f f(x 1,...
Avace Statistics Che, L.-A. Distributio of orer statistics: Review : Let X,..., X k be raom variables with joit p..f f(x,..., x k a Y h (X,..., X k, Y h (X,..., X k,..., Y k h k (X,..., X k be - trasformatio
Διαβάστε περισσότεραEE512: Error Control Coding
EE512: Error Control Coding Solution for Assignment on Finite Fields February 16, 2007 1. (a) Addition and Multiplication tables for GF (5) and GF (7) are shown in Tables 1 and 2. + 0 1 2 3 4 0 0 1 2 3
Διαβάστε περισσότεραP AND P. P : actual probability. P : risk neutral probability. Realtionship: mutual absolute continuity P P. For example:
(B t, S (t) t P AND P,..., S (p) t ): securities P : actual probability P : risk neutral probability Realtionship: mutual absolute continuity P P For example: P : ds t = µ t S t dt + σ t S t dw t P : ds
Διαβάστε περισσότεραConcrete Mathematics Exercises from 30 September 2016
Concrete Mathematics Exercises from 30 September 2016 Silvio Capobianco Exercise 1.7 Let H(n) = J(n + 1) J(n). Equation (1.8) tells us that H(2n) = 2, and H(2n+1) = J(2n+2) J(2n+1) = (2J(n+1) 1) (2J(n)+1)
Διαβάστε περισσότεραThe Simply Typed Lambda Calculus
Type Inference Instead of writing type annotations, can we use an algorithm to infer what the type annotations should be? That depends on the type system. For simple type systems the answer is yes, and
Διαβάστε περισσότεραSection 7.6 Double and Half Angle Formulas
09 Section 7. Double and Half Angle Fmulas To derive the double-angles fmulas, we will use the sum of two angles fmulas that we developed in the last section. We will let α θ and β θ: cos(θ) cos(θ + θ)
Διαβάστε περισσότεραSolution Series 9. i=1 x i and i=1 x i.
Lecturer: Prof. Dr. Mete SONER Coordinator: Yilin WANG Solution Series 9 Q1. Let α, β >, the p.d.f. of a beta distribution with parameters α and β is { Γ(α+β) Γ(α)Γ(β) f(x α, β) xα 1 (1 x) β 1 for < x
Διαβάστε περισσότεραL.K.Gupta (Mathematic Classes) www.pioeermathematics.com MOBILE: 985577, 4677 + {JEE Mai 04} Sept 0 Name: Batch (Day) Phoe No. IT IS NOT ENOUGH TO HAVE A GOOD MIND, THE MAIN THING IS TO USE IT WELL Marks:
Διαβάστε περισσότεραOutline Analog Communications. Lecture 05 Angle Modulation. Instantaneous Frequency and Frequency Deviation. Angle Modulation. Pierluigi SALVO ROSSI
Outline Analog Communications Lecture 05 Angle Modulation 1 PM and FM Pierluigi SALVO ROSSI Department of Industrial and Information Engineering Second University of Naples Via Roma 9, 81031 Aversa (CE),
Διαβάστε περισσότεραn r f ( n-r ) () x g () r () x (1.1) = Σ g() x = Σ n f < -n+ r> g () r -n + r dx r dx n + ( -n,m) dx -n n+1 1 -n -1 + ( -n,n+1)
8 Higher Derivative of the Product of Two Fuctios 8. Leibiz Rule about the Higher Order Differetiatio Theorem 8.. (Leibiz) Whe fuctios f ad g f g are times differetiable, the followig epressio holds. r
Διαβάστε περισσότεραSolutions to Exercise Sheet 5
Solutions to Eercise Sheet 5 jacques@ucsd.edu. Let X and Y be random variables with joint pdf f(, y) = 3y( + y) where and y. Determine each of the following probabilities. Solutions. a. P (X ). b. P (X
Διαβάστε περισσότεραUniform Convergence of Fourier Series Michael Taylor
Uniform Convergence of Fourier Series Michael Taylor Given f L 1 T 1 ), we consider the partial sums of the Fourier series of f: N 1) S N fθ) = ˆfk)e ikθ. k= N A calculation gives the Dirichlet formula
Διαβάστε περισσότερα= λ 1 1 e. = λ 1 =12. has the properties e 1. e 3,V(Y
Stat 50 Homework Solutions Spring 005. (a λ λ λ 44 (b trace( λ + λ + λ 0 (c V (e x e e λ e e λ e (λ e by definition, the eigenvector e has the properties e λ e and e e. (d λ e e + λ e e + λ e e 8 6 4 4
Διαβάστε περισσότερα( ) 2 and compare to M.
Problems and Solutions for Section 4.2 4.9 through 4.33) 4.9 Calculate the square root of the matrix 3!0 M!0 8 Hint: Let M / 2 a!b ; calculate M / 2!b c ) 2 and compare to M. Solution: Given: 3!0 M!0 8
Διαβάστε περισσότεραJesse Maassen and Mark Lundstrom Purdue University November 25, 2013
Notes on Average Scattering imes and Hall Factors Jesse Maassen and Mar Lundstrom Purdue University November 5, 13 I. Introduction 1 II. Solution of the BE 1 III. Exercises: Woring out average scattering
Διαβάστε περισσότερα6.1. Dirac Equation. Hamiltonian. Dirac Eq.
6.1. Dirac Equation Ref: M.Kaku, Quantum Field Theory, Oxford Univ Press (1993) η μν = η μν = diag(1, -1, -1, -1) p 0 = p 0 p = p i = -p i p μ p μ = p 0 p 0 + p i p i = E c 2 - p 2 = (m c) 2 H = c p 2
Διαβάστε περισσότεραCHAPTER 103 EVEN AND ODD FUNCTIONS AND HALF-RANGE FOURIER SERIES
CHAPTER 3 EVEN AND ODD FUNCTIONS AND HALF-RANGE FOURIER SERIES EXERCISE 364 Page 76. Determie the Fourier series for the fuctio defied by: f(x), x, x, x which is periodic outside of this rage of period.
Διαβάστε περισσότεραCongruence Classes of Invertible Matrices of Order 3 over F 2
International Journal of Algebra, Vol. 8, 24, no. 5, 239-246 HIKARI Ltd, www.m-hikari.com http://dx.doi.org/.2988/ija.24.422 Congruence Classes of Invertible Matrices of Order 3 over F 2 Ligong An and
Διαβάστε περισσότεραStatistics 104: Quantitative Methods for Economics Formula and Theorem Review
Harvard College Statistics 104: Quantitative Methods for Economics Formula and Theorem Review Tommy MacWilliam, 13 tmacwilliam@college.harvard.edu March 10, 2011 Contents 1 Introduction to Data 5 1.1 Sample
Διαβάστε περισσότεραChapter 6: Systems of Linear Differential. be continuous functions on the interval
Chapter 6: Systems of Linear Differential Equations Let a (t), a 2 (t),..., a nn (t), b (t), b 2 (t),..., b n (t) be continuous functions on the interval I. The system of n first-order differential equations
Διαβάστε περισσότεραOn Inclusion Relation of Absolute Summability
It. J. Cotemp. Math. Scieces, Vol. 5, 2010, o. 53, 2641-2646 O Iclusio Relatio of Absolute Summability Aradhaa Dutt Jauhari A/66 Suresh Sharma Nagar Bareilly UP) Idia-243006 aditya jauhari@rediffmail.com
Διαβάστε περισσότεραSCITECH Volume 13, Issue 2 RESEARCH ORGANISATION Published online: March 29, 2018
Journal of rogressive Research in Mathematics(JRM) ISSN: 2395-028 SCITECH Volume 3, Issue 2 RESEARCH ORGANISATION ublished online: March 29, 208 Journal of rogressive Research in Mathematics www.scitecresearch.com/journals
Διαβάστε περισσότεραNew bounds for spherical two-distance sets and equiangular lines
New bounds for spherical two-distance sets and equiangular lines Michigan State University Oct 8-31, 016 Anhui University Definition If X = {x 1, x,, x N } S n 1 (unit sphere in R n ) and x i, x j = a
Διαβάστε περισσότεραΗΜΥ 220: ΣΗΜΑΤΑ ΚΑΙ ΣΥΣΤΗΜΑΤΑ Ι Ακαδημαϊκό έτος Εαρινό Εξάμηνο Κατ οίκον εργασία αρ. 2
ΤΜΗΜΑ ΗΛΕΚΤΡΟΛΟΓΩΝ ΜΗΧΑΝΙΚΩΝ ΚΑΙ ΜΗΧΑΝΙΚΩΝ ΥΠΟΛΟΓΙΣΤΩΝ ΠΑΝΕΠΙΣΤΗΜΙΟ ΚΥΠΡΟΥ ΗΜΥ 220: ΣΗΜΑΤΑ ΚΑΙ ΣΥΣΤΗΜΑΤΑ Ι Ακαδημαϊκό έτος 2007-08 -- Εαρινό Εξάμηνο Κατ οίκον εργασία αρ. 2 Ημερομηνία Παραδόσεως: Παρασκευή
Διαβάστε περισσότεραThe Probabilistic Method - Probabilistic Techniques. Lecture 7: The Janson Inequality
The Probabilistic Method - Probabilistic Techniques Lecture 7: The Janson Inequality Sotiris Nikoletseas Associate Professor Computer Engineering and Informatics Department 2014-2015 Sotiris Nikoletseas,
Διαβάστε περισσότεραMock Exam 7. 1 Hong Kong Educational Publishing Company. Section A 1. Reference: HKDSE Math M Q2 (a) (1 + kx) n 1M + 1A = (1) =
Mock Eam 7 Mock Eam 7 Section A. Reference: HKDSE Math M 0 Q (a) ( + k) n nn ( )( k) + nk ( ) + + nn ( ) k + nk + + + A nk... () nn ( ) k... () From (), k...() n Substituting () into (), nn ( ) n 76n 76n
Διαβάστε περισσότεραOn Generating Relations of Some Triple. Hypergeometric Functions
It. Joural of Math. Aalysis, Vol. 5,, o., 5 - O Geeratig Relatios of Some Triple Hypergeometric Fuctios Fadhle B. F. Mohse ad Gamal A. Qashash Departmet of Mathematics, Faculty of Educatio Zigibar Ade
Διαβάστε περισσότεραTMA4115 Matematikk 3
TMA4115 Matematikk 3 Andrew Stacey Norges Teknisk-Naturvitenskapelige Universitet Trondheim Spring 2010 Lecture 12: Mathematics Marvellous Matrices Andrew Stacey Norges Teknisk-Naturvitenskapelige Universitet
Διαβάστε περισσότεραCHAPTER 48 APPLICATIONS OF MATRICES AND DETERMINANTS
CHAPTER 48 APPLICATIONS OF MATRICES AND DETERMINANTS EXERCISE 01 Page 545 1. Use matrices to solve: 3x + 4y x + 5y + 7 3x + 4y x + 5y 7 Hence, 3 4 x 0 5 y 7 The inverse of 3 4 5 is: 1 5 4 1 5 4 15 8 3
Διαβάστε περισσότεραStationary Univariate Time Series Models 1
Stationary Univariate Time Series Models 1 Sebastian Fossati University of Alberta 1 These slides are based on Eric Zivot s time series notes available at: http://faculty.washington.edu/ezivot Example
Διαβάστε περισσότεραSecond Order Partial Differential Equations
Chapter 7 Second Order Partial Differential Equations 7.1 Introduction A second order linear PDE in two independent variables (x, y Ω can be written as A(x, y u x + B(x, y u xy + C(x, y u u u + D(x, y
Διαβάστε περισσότεραC.S. 430 Assignment 6, Sample Solutions
C.S. 430 Assignment 6, Sample Solutions Paul Liu November 15, 2007 Note that these are sample solutions only; in many cases there were many acceptable answers. 1 Reynolds Problem 10.1 1.1 Normal-order
Διαβάστε περισσότεραReminders: linear functions
Reminders: linear functions Let U and V be vector spaces over the same field F. Definition A function f : U V is linear if for every u 1, u 2 U, f (u 1 + u 2 ) = f (u 1 ) + f (u 2 ), and for every u U
Διαβάστε περισσότεραThe Pohozaev identity for the fractional Laplacian
The Pohozaev identity for the fractional Laplacian Xavier Ros-Oton Departament Matemàtica Aplicada I, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (joint work with Joaquim Serra) Xavier Ros-Oton (UPC) The Pohozaev
Διαβάστε περισσότεραPartial Differential Equations in Biology The boundary element method. March 26, 2013
The boundary element method March 26, 203 Introduction and notation The problem: u = f in D R d u = ϕ in Γ D u n = g on Γ N, where D = Γ D Γ N, Γ D Γ N = (possibly, Γ D = [Neumann problem] or Γ N = [Dirichlet
Διαβάστε περισσότεραFourier Series. constant. The ;east value of T>0 is called the period of f(x). f(x) is well defined and single valued periodic function
Fourier Series Periodic uctio A uctio is sid to hve period T i, T where T is ve costt. The ;est vlue o T> is clled the period o. Eg:- Cosider we kow tht, si si si si si... Etc > si hs the periods,,6,..
Διαβάστε περισσότεραThe ε-pseudospectrum of a Matrix
The ε-pseudospectrum of a Matrix Feb 16, 2015 () The ε-pseudospectrum of a Matrix Feb 16, 2015 1 / 18 1 Preliminaries 2 Definitions 3 Basic Properties 4 Computation of Pseudospectrum of 2 2 5 Problems
Διαβάστε περισσότεραSupplementary Material For Testing Homogeneity of. High-dimensional Covariance Matrices
Supplementary Material For Testing Homogeneity of High-dimensional Covariance Matrices Shurong Zheng, Ruitao Lin, Jianhua Guo, and Guosheng Yin 3 School of Mathematics & Statistics and KLAS, Northeast
Διαβάστε περισσότερα2. THEORY OF EQUATIONS. PREVIOUS EAMCET Bits.
EAMCET-. THEORY OF EQUATIONS PREVIOUS EAMCET Bits. Each of the roots of the equation x 6x + 6x 5= are increased by k so that the new transformed equation does not contain term. Then k =... - 4. - Sol.
Διαβάστε περισσότεραDynamic types, Lambda calculus machines Section and Practice Problems Apr 21 22, 2016
Harvard School of Engineering and Applied Sciences CS 152: Programming Languages Dynamic types, Lambda calculus machines Apr 21 22, 2016 1 Dynamic types and contracts (a) To make sure you understand the
Διαβάστε περισσότερα5. Choice under Uncertainty
5. Choice under Uncertainty Daisuke Oyama Microeconomics I May 23, 2018 Formulations von Neumann-Morgenstern (1944/1947) X: Set of prizes Π: Set of probability distributions on X : Preference relation
Διαβάστε περισσότερα( y) Partial Differential Equations
Partial Dierential Equations Linear P.D.Es. contains no owers roducts o the deendent variables / an o its derivatives can occasionall be solved. Consider eamle ( ) a (sometimes written as a ) we can integrate
Διαβάστε περισσότεραECON 381 SC ASSIGNMENT 2
ECON 8 SC ASSIGNMENT 2 JOHN HILLAS UNIVERSITY OF AUCKLAND Problem Consider a consmer with wealth w who consmes two goods which we shall call goods and 2 Let the amont of good l that the consmer consmes
Διαβάστε περισσότερα