Q43, Q34, Q32, P28, O13

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1 Q43, Q34, Q32, P28, O13 1. Emil: 2.Emil: 3.Emil: 4. Solow

2 Gylfson, 2006 Aghion & Howt; 1939); (Domr, Brro & X. Sl-i-Mrtin 2. Aghion & Howt

3 (Gylfson, 2008); (Gylfson et l, 1999)

4 (Hn & Shen, 2015); (Lucchett et l, 2015); (Mideks, 2013); (Gylfson, 2008) 1. Grossmn & Helpmn 2.Romer

5 (Flk, 2007); (Bebczuk, 2002) (Ahmd & French, 2011); (Tkii & Tnk, 2009) (Blnchrd & Olney, 2014); (Gylfson, 2008).

6 . (Luet et l, 1991).(Vsiliev, 2011); (Stijns, 2001); (Mountford, 1997) Levine, Lucs 2. Modiglini & Miller 3. McKinnon 4.Shw 5.Goldsmh

7 (Gylfson et l, 1999)

8 (Blnco & Grier, 2012) 1. Apergis & Pyne 2. Scherngell et l 3. Vogel 4. Fn et l 5. Bekert et l 6. Coe et l 7. Brro 8. Romer

9 OECD OECD 1. Wng 2. Belderbos et l 3. Jumotte & Pin 4. Lichtenberg et l 5. Howe & McFetridge 6.Bhgwti & Hmd 7. Hfer

10 1.Bltgi et l 2. Chinn & Ito 3. Giovnnini 4. Winston nd Lewis 5. Turner et l 6. Tostlebe

11 F( TFE, R & D, H,, FD, K). H K FD R&D. TFE 1. the per cp income 2. bundnce of nturl resources 3. humn cpl 5. ccumultion of domestic reserch nd development 6. finncil development 7. the ccumultion of physicl cpl 8. economic Freedom 9. totl Finncil depth

12 L α LR & D 4 α α LTFE α LFD 5 α L α LK 6 α LH ε H H F(, FD, TFE, EXPG, FDI, ) FD FDI 1. Brro & Lee 2. Wlker & Fridmn 4. foreign direct investment

13 EXPG TFE L LFD LFDI LEXPG L LTFE LH φ β β β β β β β R&D ),,,,, ( & FD FDI TFE H F D R TFEH FDIFD LFD LFDI L LH L LTFE D LR υ θ θ θ θ θ θ θ & FD 1. the shre of government spending on reserch nd eduction expenses

14 ),,, ( TFE RIR F FD (Levine, 2004 RIRTFE L LRIR L LTFE LFD Ω χ χ χ χ χ K ),,,, ( FD TFE RIR F K RIR FDTFE LFD L LRIR L LTFE LK η λ λ λ λ λ λ rel interest rte

15 L L LR&D L LFD LK LEXPG LFDI LRIR LH brrolee.comwww. LTFE Grnger& Engle, world development indices

16 ADF L LR&D LH L LTFE LFD LK LEXPG LFDI LRIR I I I I I I I I I I Bltgi et l, Fisher - Augmented Deyki Fuller 2. Mddl & Wu 3. Choi 5. trce 6.mximum eigenvlue

17 λ trce λ mx LR&D LH λ mx L LFD LK r 1 r 2 r 3 r 4 r 1 r 2 r 3 r 4 r 1 r 2 r 3 r 4 r 1 r 2 r 3 r 4 r 1 r 2 r 3 r 4 r 0 r 1 r 2 r 3 r 0 r 1 r 2 r 3 r 0 r 1 r 2 r 3 r 0 r 1 r 2 r 3 r 0 r 1 r 2 r 3 λ trce λ mx λ trce λ mx λ trce F-Lmer 1. pooling

18 F-Lmer L P-vlu

19 Jumotte & Pin, 2005); (Romer, 1987 Vogel, 2010

20 Gylfson,

21 Giovnnini, Stephen & Olurnti 2. Lw & Demetrides

23 L LR&D LH LFD LK C L LTFE L - LFD LH LK LRIR LFDI - LR&D LEXPG - - Durbin-Wtson stt RMSE R 2 CN p-vlu

24 1 ε, 2 ε, R& D 3 ε, H 4 ε, FD 5 ε, K 1 ε, 1 α 1 2 ε, R& D ε R& D,

25 D R D R D R D R D R ) ( ) & & ( ) & & ( 2 & 2 2 H H,, 3 ε ε H H H H H ) ( ) ( ) ( FD FD,, 4 ε ε FD FD FD FD FD ) ( ) ( ) ( K K,, 4 ε ε K K K K K ) ( ) ( ) ( 5 5 5

27 «D

28 15. Ahmd, N. nd Joseph French, J; 2011, "Decomposing the reltionship between humn cpl nd : An empiricl nlysis of Bngldesh", Journl of Developing Ares, No. 44(2). 16. Aghion, P. J. nd Howt, P; 1998, "Endogenous Growth, Mss: MIT press". 17. Blnco, L. nd Grier, R; 2012, "Nturl resource dependence nd the ccumultion of physicl nd humn cpl in Ltin Americ", Resources Policy, No. 37(3). 18. Brro, J. B. nd Sl-i-Mrtin, X; 1995, "Technologicl Diffusion, Convergence, nd Growth", NBER Working Ppers, 5151, Ntionl Bureu of Economic Reserch, Inc. 19. Brro, R. J; 1991, "Economic growth in cross-section of countries", Qurterly Journl of Economics, No. 106(2). 20. Coe, D. T., Helpmn. E. nd Hoffmister, W. 2008; "Interntionl R&D spillovers nd instutions", IMF Working Pper, Avilble At: Domr, E. D; 1946, "Cpl expnsion, rte of growth nd employment", Econometric, No. 14 (2). 22. Engle, R. F. nd Grnger, C. W. J; 1987, "Cointegrtion nd error correction: Representtion, estimtion nd testing", Econometric, No. 55(2). 23. Fn, R., Fng, Y. nd Prk, S. Y; 2012, "Resource bundnce nd economic growth in Chin", Chin Economic Review, No. 23(3). 24. Flk, M; 2007, "R&D Spending in the High-Tech Sector nd Economic Growth", Reserch in Economics, No. 61(3). 25. Gylfson, Th; 2008, "Development nd growth in minerl-rich countries", CEPR DiscussionPpers, No. DP7031.

29 26. ; 2008, "The interntionl economics of nturl resource nd growth", Center for Economic Studies & Ifo Instute for Economic Reserch, Cesifo Working Pper No. 1994, Avilble At: Gylfson, Th. nd Zoeg, G; 2006, "Nturl resources nd economic growth: The role of investment", World Economy, CEPR Discussion Pper, No. 2743, Avilble At: Gylfson, Th., Herbertsson, T. T. nd Zoeg, G; 1999, "A mixed blessing: Nturl resources nd economic growth", Mcroeconomic Dynmics, No. 3(2). 29. Grossmn, G. M. nd Helpmn, E; 1991, Innovtion nd growth in the globl economy, MIT Press, Cmbridge, Mss, Avilble At: Goldsmh, R. W; 1969, Finncil Structure nd Development, New Hven, CT: Yle Universy Press. 31. Hn, J. nd Shen, Y; 2015, "Finncil development nd totl fctor productivy growth: evidence from Chin", Finncil nd Rel Sector Chllenges in Emerging Economies, No. 51(1). 32. Hfer, R. W; 2013, "Economic freedom nd finncil development: Interntionl evidence", Cto Journl, No. 33(1). 33. Hsio, F. S. T. nd Hsio, W. M. C; 2006, FDI, exports, nd in Est nd Southest Asi-pnel dt versus time-series cusly nlyses, Journl of Asin Economics, No. 17(6). 34. Howe, D. J. nd McFetridge, D; 1976, "The Determinnts of R & D Expendures", Cndin Journl of Economics, No. 9(1). 35. Jumotte, F. nd Pin, N; 2005, "From Ides to Development: The Determinnts of R&D nd Ptenting", OECD Economics Deprtment Working Ppers from OECD Publishing, No. 457, Avilble At: ticr%26d. 36. Levine, R; 2004, "Finnce nd growth: Theory nd evidence", NBER Working Pper, No Lw, S. H. nd Demetrides. P; 2004, "Cpl inflows, instutions nd finncil development in developing economies", Universy of Leicester, working pper, No. 05/ Lichtenberg, F. R. nd Potterie. B. P; 1998, "Interntionl R&D spillovers", Europen Economic Review, No. 42(1). 39. Mountford, A; 1997, "Cn brin drin be good for growth in the source economy? ", Journl of Development Economics, No. 53(2).

30 40. Mckinnon, R. I; 1973, "Money nd cplin economic development", Brookings Instution, Wshington, DC, Avilble At: WW_1974.pdf?sequence1 41. Modiglini, F. nd Miller, M; 1958, "The Cost of Cpl, Corportion Finnce nd the Theory of Investment", Americn Economic Review, No. 48(3). 42. Tkii, K., nd Tnk, R; 2009, "Does the diversy of humn cpl increse? A comprison of eduction systems", Journl of Public Economics, No. 93(7-8). 43. Scherngell, T., Orowiecki, M. nd Hu. Y; 2013, "Effects of knowledge cpl on totl fctor productivy in Chin: A sptil econometric perspective", Pper presented t the 53rd ERSA Congress 2013 in Plermo, Itly. 44. Stephen, O. nd Olurnti, I; 2011, "Government expendure on humn cpl development: implictions for economic growth in Nigeri", Journl of Sustinble Development, No. 4(3). 45. Stijns, J. P; 2001, "Nturl Resource Abundnce nd Humn Cpl Accumultion", Conference Ppers from Universy of Cliforni, Berkeley, Deprtment of Agriculturl nd Resource Economics, No , Avilble At: Humncplndresourcebundnce. 46. Solow, R; 1956, "A Contribution to the Theory of Economic Growth", Qurterly Journl of Economics, No. 70(1). 47. Wng, E. C; 2010, Determinnts of R&D investment: the extremebounds-nlysis pproch pplied to 26 OECD countries, Reserch Policy, No. 39(1)

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