saqartvelos sajaro moxeleta profesiuli SesaZleblobebis zrda gadawyvetilebis mirebasa da molaparakebebis warmartvis teqnikasi

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2 saqartvelos sajaro moxeleta profesiuli SesaZleblobebis zrda gadawyvetilebis mirebasa da molaparakebebis warmartvis teqnikasi CAPACITY BUILDING OF THE GEORGIAN LEADERSHIP COMMUNITY FOR IMPROVED DECISION MAKING AND NEGOTIATION SKILLS winamdebare gamocemasi warmodgenili politikis dokumentebi Seiqmna proeqtis _ `saqartvelos sajaro moxeleta profesiuli SesaZleblobebis zrda gadawyvetilebis mirebasa da molaparakebebis warmartvis teqnikasi~ _ farglebsi. yvela dokuments Tan axlavs reziume inglisur enaze, sadac mokled aris gadmocemuli ZiriTadi daskvnebi. The Public Policy Paper Series 2011 includes six policy documents developed within the Capacity-Building of the Georgian Leadership Community (CBGL) project. The English-language version of each policy paper summary can be found at the end of the publication. proeqti xorcieldeba SvedeTis saertasoriso ganvitarebis saagentos finansuri mxardawerit The Project is funded by the Swedish International Development Agency

3 samecniero xelmzrvanelebi: Mentors: arcil gegesize vladimer papava aleqsandre rondeli Archil Gegeshidze Vladimer Papava Alexander Rondeli redaqtori: Editor: rusudan margisvili Rusudan Margishvili teqnikuri redaqtori: Technical Editor: artem meliq-nubarovi Artem Melik-Nubarov saavtoro uflebebi daculia da ekutvnis saqartvelos strategiisa da saertasoriso urtiertobebis kvlevis fonds. werilobiti nebartvis garese wignis arc erti nawili ar SeiZleba gadaibewdos nebismieri, mat Soris, eleqtronuli an meqanikuri formit. saqartvelos strategiisa da saertasoriso urtiertobata kvlevis fondi 2011 weli All rights reserved and belong to Georgian Foundation for Strategic and International Studies. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, including electronic and mechanical, without the prior written permission of the publisher Copyright 2011 Georgian Foundation for Strategic and International Studies

4 proeqtis Sesaxeb programa,,saqartvelos sajaro moxeleta profesiuli SesaZleblobebis zrda gadawyvetilebis mirebasa da molaparakebebis warmartvis teqnikasi miznad isaxavs daexmaros saqartvelos mtavrobas martvis sferosi arsebuli problemebis dazlevasi. proeqti itvaliswinebs sasualo rgolis sajaro moxeleta da samoqalaqo sazogadoebis warmomadgenelta CarTvas politikis SemuSavebisa da molaparakebis warmartvis teqnikis dasaxvew praqtikul mecadineobebsi. es mecadineobebi moicavs ara marto Tanamedrove midgomebis danergvas qartul sajaro administraciasa da sajaro politikasi, aramed saxelmwifoebrivi mnisvnelobis sakitxebze sajaro politikis dokumentebis SemuSavebas. proeqti aseve xels Seuwyobs qartvel sajaro moxeletatvis martvis Tanamedrove midgomebis Sesaxeb codnis, praqtikisa da unarebis gacnobas. programas afinansebs SvedeTis saertasoriso ganvitarebis saagento (SIDA) da axorcielebs saqartvelos strategiisa da saertasoriso urtiertobebis kvlevis fondi (GFSIS). am proeqtis farglebsi GFSIS -is ZiriTadi partniorebi arian SvedeTis sajaro administraciis instituti (SIPU International) da estonetis diplomatiis skola (EDK). programa xels uwyobs sajaro mmartvelobis kulturis Camoyalibebas, romelic aris angarisvaldebuli da itvaliswinebs qartuli sazogadoebis sawiroebebs. garda amisa, programa miznad isaxavs gadawyvetilebis mirebis sferosi qartuli mmartvelobis SesaZleblobebis gazlierebas, rom gadawyvetilebis mirebis procesi gaxdes ufro gamwvirvale da iyos moqnili garemoebata cvlilebis Sesabamisad. programa aseve moicavs saqartvelos saxelmwifo seqtorebsa da organizaciebs Soris TanamSromlobis gaumjobesebas da saxelmwifo moxeleta SesaZleblobebis gazrdas, rata saqartvelo uket warmocndes saertasoriso doneze sxva saxelmwifoebtan Tu saertasoriso organizaciebtan urtiertobisas. programa xorcieldeba otxi wlis manzilze ( ww.) da Sedgeba Semdegi otxi komponentisgan: sajaro moxeleta profesiuli momzadeba politikis analizisa da molaparakebebis teqnikasi. konkursis gzit SerCeul qartvel sajaro moxeleebs qartveli, estoneli da Svedi eqspertebi eqvsi Tvis ganmavlobasi Cautareben mecadineobas sajaro politikis analizisa da molaparakebis teqnikis Sesaswavlad. amastan, monawileebi SeimuSaveben politikis dokuments qveynisatvis aqtualur sakitxebze. am processi mat uxelmzrvaneleben GFSISis eqspertebi. politikis dokumentebis dasrulebis Semdeg moxdeba mati sajaro ganxilva da xuti sauketeso nasromi gamoicema. programis am komponents daasrulebs saswavlogacnobiti viziti estonetsi. programis farglebsi swavlebis kurss gaivlis sajaro moxeleta xuti jgufi/nakadi. TiToeul jgufsi iqneba daaxloebit ocdaxuti monawile. trenerta momzadebis (ToT) komponentis farglebsi qartveli specialistebi qartul enaze SeimuSaveben saswavlo programebsa da saswavlo masalebs sajaro administraciis, molaparakebis teqnikis, genderisa da mravalferovnebis, xarjtsargeblianobis, proeqtis martvisa da Sefasebis sferoebsi. dagegmilia programis bolo ori nakadistvis swavlebis qartul enaze Catareba. adamianuri resursebis martvis komponenti moicavs qartul sajaro samsaxursi adamianuri resursebis martvasi CarTul profesionalta Soris Tanamedrove praqtikis danergvis xelsewyobas. am komponentis meore amocanaa adamianuri resursebis martvis sferosi maralkvalificiuri swavlebisatvis adgilobrivi SesaZleblobebis gazrda. sajaro politikis qseli miznad isaxavs sajaro politikis sferosi samtavrobo struqturebis warmomadgenlebsa da samoqalaqo sazogadoebas Soris aqtiur TanamSromlobas da informaciis gaziarebas proeqtis vebgverdis Seqmnisa da kursdamtavrebulta prfesiuli qselis Camoyalibebis gzit.

5 ABOUT THE PROJECT Capacity-building of the Georgian Leadership Community for Improved Decision-making and Negotiation Skills is designed to assist the Georgian government in addressing its governance challenges. This multi-component initiative aims to introduce and reinforce modern management skill sets, proficiency and practice among Georgian public officials. The project engages directly with middle level public servants and civil-society representatives through practical in-service training in policy development and negotiation techniques. Apart modernization of the Georgian public administration and public policymaking, the project activities seek to deliver actionable policy documents on the issues of national importance. The project activities and the policy initiatives will be consistent with and supportive of principles of gender and diversity equality. The program is funded by the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA). The Georgian Foundation for Strategic and International Studies (GFSIS), along with its principal partners - the Swedish Institute for Public Administration (SIPU International) and the Estonian School of Diplomacy (ESD), is the main implementer of the program. The program will promote a likeminded leadership culture that is accountable and oriented to meeting the needs of the Georgian society. Furthermore, the program aims at strengthening the Georgian government capacity in decision-making, as well as increasing its transparency and flexibility in responding to the changing circumstances. In addition, this initiative intends to improve organizational cooperation among the Georgian public sectors and the country s interaction with other states and international organizations. The program, which will be implemented during four years ( ), includes the following components: Training for government officials in policy and negotiation techniques - Selected Georgian public servants will complete an eight-month intensive training program in public administration, policy planning and negotiation techniques. Georgian, Swedish and Estonian experts will conduct the training. Furthermore, under the guidance of GFSIS mentors, the participants will work on the issues pertinent to the country development policy. The training will be followed by a public discussion of the policy papers and a study visit to Estonia. The best five papers will be published in Georgian and in English. There will be five training groups in total with approximately 25 participants in each group. The training of trainers (ToT) component - Through the project's training of trainers (ToT) component, Georgian professionals will develop the Policy and Negotiations Training Program curriculum and teaching materials in Georgian. Topics covered under this training include Public Administration, Public Policy Planning, Negotiation Techniques, Gender and Diversity, Cost Benefit Analysis, Project Management/Change Management and Program Evaluation. Under the project framework, professional training programs will be implemented in the above listed fields for Georgian government employees and civil society representatives in the Georgian language. Professional development training for HR managers - The project's HR component aims to provide knowledge in modern Human Resources Management (HRM) practices among Georgian HRmanagers within line ministries and other governmental agencies. A second objective of the component is to build domestic capacity to deliver high quality training in HRM. The component will include needs-based training sessions on professional development and a study visit to Sweden. A knowledge and resource sharing component - This component is aimed to promote greater communication, knowledge sharing, consultation and collaboration among public-policy stakeholders across the Government of Georgia and civil society through establishing a project's website and organizing number of alumni retreats.

6 sawesdebo kapitalis registraciit kerzo biznesis ganvitarebis stimulireba natia nasrasvili registraciisa da kadastris uzrunvelyofis samsaxuris asistenti, sajaro reestris erovnuli saagento, saqartvelos iusticiis saministro reziume winamdebare nasrromis mizania Seiswavlos `mewarmeta Sesaxeb~ saqartvelos kanonsi Sesuli 2008 wlis 14 martis sakanonmdeblo cvlilebis gavlena qveyanasi kerzo biznesis ganvitarebaze. kerzod, ra Sedegebi moaqvs sawesdebo kapitalis arsebobis motxovnis gauqmebas sawarmota saqmianobasa Tu kerzo-samartlebrivi urtiertobebis Camoyalibebasa da funqcionirebaze. saqartvelos kanonsi `mewarmeta Sesaxeb~ 2008 wlis 14 marts Setanili cvlilebis Sesabamisad, sawarmos CamoyalibebisaTvis arar moitxoveba sawesdebo kapitalis arseboba. erti mxriv, aucilebeli sawesdebo kapitali, ra minimaluri raodenobitac ar unda iyos is, qmnis xelovnul bariers mcire biznesis ganvitarebisatvis, meore mxriv ki, arnisnuli normis arseboba warmosobs problemas _ sawesdebo kapitalis ararseboba safrtxis winase ayenebs kreditorebis motxovnis uflebas, rac uaryofitad aisaxeba qveyanasi sainvesticio garemos ganvitarebaze. dasaxuli miznis misarwevad ganisazrvra kvlevis sfero da kitxvebi. metodologiad SevarCieT Teoriuli kvlevis metodi, romelic daefuzna sawarmota Sesaxeb nasromebis, sakanonmdeblo aqtebis, wignebisa da publikaciebis mimoxilvasa da analizs. SedarebiTi analizistvis ganvixilet SvedeTis kanonmdebloba sawarmota Sesaxeb. politikis dokumentis daskvnit nawilsi warmovadginet kvlevis Sedegebi da problemis gadawyvetis gzebi. Sesavali saqartvelosi bolo dros gatarebuli samartlebriv-ekonomikuri da instituciuri reformebis Sedegad gamartivda samewarmeo subieqtta saqmianobastan dakavsirebuli samartlebrivi urtiertobis maregulirebeli aqtebi. ganxorcielebulma cvlilebebma sakmaod dadebiti da efeqtiani Sedegebi gamoiro qveyanasi samewarmeo saqmianobis xelsewyobisa da stimulirebis kutxit. amastan, praqtikasi gamovlinda zogierti sakitxi, romelic moitxovs damatebit samartlebriv dazustebas sabazroekonomikuri urtiertobebis sandoobis xarisxis amarlebisa da samewarmeo urtiertobebsi monawile pirtatvis damatebiti garantiebis Seqmnis TvalsazrisiT. 5

7 1994 wlis 28 oqtombers saqartvelos parlamentma miiro saqartvelos kanoni `mewarmeta Sesaxeb~, rac axladseqmnili demokratiuli saxelmwifosatvis udavod wingadadgmuli nabiji iyo. mogvianebit, 1997 wels, saqartvelos samoqalaqo kodeqsis mirebis Semdeg, kerzo samartlis iuridiuli pirebis samartlebrivi statusi kidev ufro ganmtkicda, Tumca komerciuli iuridiuli pirebis Seqmnisa da saqmianobis sakitxebi kodeqsis samartlebrivi regulirebis sferos garet darca da kvlav `mewarmeta Sesaxeb~ kanonis regulacias daeqvemdebara. drota ganmavlobasi, ekonomikuri da sazogadoebrivi motxovnebidan gamomdinare, `mewarmeta Sesaxeb~ saqartvelos kanonsi mudmivad SehqondaT cvlilebebi da damatebebi. cvlileba, romelic pirdapir ukavsirdeba sawesdebo kapitalis motxovnis sakitxs, ganxorcielda 2008 wlis 14 marts, ris Sedegadac gauqmda sawesdebo kapitalis cneba. libaraluri ekonomikuri principebis mimdevari saxelmwifoebisatvis samewarmeo saqmianobis dasawyebad aucilebeli sawesdebo kapitalis ararseboba araxali da kargad aprobirebuli metodia. nebismieri saxis motxovna sawarmos e.w. `mkvdari~ aqtivebis savaldebulo arsebobis Sesaxeb aferxebs Semdgom samewarmeo saqmianobas. Sesabamisad, saqartvelosi arsebuli ekonomikuri mdgomareobis gatvaliswinebit, kanonmdeblis mier sawesdebo kapitalis motxovnis gauqmeba savsebit gasagebia, Tumca nebismieri sakanonmdeblo cvlileba gansakutrebul sifrtxilesa da samomavlo Sedegebis gatvaliswinebas moitxovs. saqme isaa, rom `mewarmeta Sesaxeb~ saqartvelos kanonsi 2008 wlis 14 marts ganxorcielebulma cvlilebam praqtikasi garkveuli winaarmdegobebi warmoqmna. erti mxriv, mcire mewarmeebs miecat SeuzRudavi SesaZlebloba, wamoiwyon mattvis sasurveli samewarmeo saqmianoba, magram, meore mxriv, igive SesaZlebloba gavrcelda iset sawarmoebze, romelta mizans ar warmoadgens jansari biznes-saqmianoba da romlebic e.w. `ertjeradi~ moqmedebis Sesrulebis Semdeg wyveten arsebobas ise, rom gaurkveveli rceba mattan garigebasi myofi kreditorebis uzrunvelyofis sakitxi. winamdebare politikis dokumentis mizans warmoadgens samewarmeo saqmianobis dacvis meqanizmebis Seswavla sawesdebo kapitalis institutis ararsebobis pirobebsi, problemis gadawyvetis gzebis Zieba da Sesabamisi organoebisatvis rekomendaciebis SeTavazeba. radgan sawarmota zogierti samartlebrivi forma (magalitad, solidaruli pasuxismgeblobis sazogadoeba, komandituri sazogadoeba da saaqcio sazogadoeba), mati Sinaarsidan gamomdinare, srulad qmnis kreditorebis dakmayofilebis garantiebs, amitom Cveni kvleva Semoifargleba mxolod SezRuduli pasuxismgeblobis sazogadoebisa da kooperativis CamoyalibebisaTvis sawesdebo kapitalis motxovnis SeswavliT. winamdebare politikis dokumentze musaobisas ZiriTadad gamoviyenet Teoriuli kvlevis metodi _ weris processi moxda sakanonmdeblo aqtebis, wignebis, publikaciebisa da sxv. analizi da mimoxilva. informaciis mirebis ert-ert 6

8 umnisvnelovanes wyaros warmoadgenda internet-masalebi. sakitxis kvlevisas aseve ertdroulad mivmartet Tvisebrivi da raodenobrivi kvlevis metodebs. Tvisebrivi kvlevis metodebit xdeba ama Tu im socialuri movlenis axsna ramdenime SemTxvevis safuzvelze. am metodis sasualebit SesaZlebelia socialuri procesebis Sesaxeb mdidari informaciis mireba, radgan xdeba movlenebis mat bunebriv garemosi Seswavla. 25 `Tvisebrivi metodebi mraval kvlevit teqnikas aertianebs~, 26 romeltagan Cven gamoviyenet sirrmiseuli interviu da dakvirveba. sirrmiseuli intervius sasualebit informacia moviziet, erti mxriv, mewarme subieqtta registraciaze pasuxismgebeli pirebisagan da, meore mxriv _ mewarme subieqtebisagan. dakvirvebis teqnikis gamoyenebis miznit ki vewviet sajaro reestris erovnuli saagentos (SemdgomSi reestris) samewarmeo reestris samsaxurs, sadac sasualeba gvqonda gvenaxa sawarmota registraciis sruli procesi. rac Seexeba raodenobrivi kvlevis metods, gamoviyenet reestris statistikuri monacemebi. problemis arwera saqartvelos kanonsi `mewarmeta Sesaxeb~ wlis 14 marts Setanili cvlilebis Sesabamisad, sawarmos CamoyalibebisaTvis sawesdebo kapitalis arseboba arar moitxoveba. arnisnuli cvlilebis ganxorcieleba mteli rigi garemoebebit iyo nakarnaxevi. `mewarmeta Sesaxeb~ saqartvelos kanonsi ganxorcielebuli 2008 wlis 14 martis cvlilebamde sawarmos hqonda sawesdebo kapitalis registraciis ufleba. misi Semcireba (sawesdebo kapitalidan qonebis amoreba) xdeboda sawarmos reorganizaciisatvis dadegnili wesit da, Sesabamisad, kreditorta Tanxmobas sawiroebda. amrigad, sawarmos potenciur biznespartniors SesaZlebloba hqonda moepovebina informacia sawarmos sawesdebo kapitalis Sesaxeb, amis safuzvelze Seefasebina sawarmos mier kreditorta dakmayofilebis unari, gaeanalizebina garigebastan dakavsirebuli riskebi da mxolod amis Semdeg Sesuliyo mastan kerzo samartlebriv urtiertobasi. martalia, kanonmdebloba samartlebrivad aregulirebda kreditorta dacvis SesaZleblobebs, magram praqtikasi arsebobda iseti xarvezebi, romlebic artulebda partniorta interesebis realur dacvas da sistemis efeqtian musaobas SeuZlebels xdida. kerzod, mcire mewarmeebi izulebuli iyvnen SeemcirebinaT biznesis ganvitarebisatvis gansazrvruli Tanxebi, rata SeevsoT savaldebulo sawesdebo kapitalis minimaluri odenoba. imavdroulad, kanonis Sesabamisad, SesaZlebeli iyo 25 Miles M.B., Huberman M. A. Qualitative Data Analysis. London. SAGE publications, 1994, gv Lawrence W. N.. Social Research Methods. Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches. New York. Allyn & Bacon, 1999, gv saqartvelos kanoni mewarmeta Sesaxeb, cvlileba #5913, , ianvari 11, ixilet ( ). 7

9 sawesdebo kapitalsi nebismieri, Tundac araidentificirebadi an realurad ararsebuli nivtebisa da aramaterialuri qonebis Setana. arnisnuli qoneba auditorebis mier `fasdeboda~ da kapitalis Sevsebis Semdeg am nivtebis bedi gaurkveveli iyo, rac partniorta motxovnis dakmayofilebas, sawesdebo kapitalze miqcevit, SeuZlebels xdida da sawesdebo kapitals, rogorc kreditorta da beneficiarta dazrvevis meqanizms, azrs ukargavda. unda arinisnos, rom sawesdebo kapitalis savaldebulo arsebobas aqvs rogorc dadebiti, ise uaryofiti mxareebi. nebismier demokratiul qveyanasi ekonomikuri ganvitarebis umtavres winapirobas kerzo biznesisatvis xelsayreli garemos Seqmna warmoadgens. es, Tavis mxriv, gulisxmobs mewarmeebisatvis iseti sakanonmdeblo pirobebis SeTavazebas, rac uzrunvelyofs am ukanaskneltatvis martivi, swrafi da xelmisawvdomi procedurebis Seqmnas komerciuli saqmianobis dawyebisa da ganvitarebisatvis. Sesabamisad, sawarmoebis Camoyalibebis processi aucilebeli sawesdebo kapitalis motxovna ewinaarmdegeboda qveynis mier arebul kurss xeli Seuwyos mcire biznesis ganvitarebas. zemoarnisnulis gatvaliswinebita da praqtikasi arsebuli naklovanebebis armofxvris miznit, 2008 wlis 14 martis cvlilebit, saertod gauqmda sawesdebo kapitalis cneba. Tumca, arnisnulma cvlilebam, Tavis mxriv, warmoqmna mteli rigi Tanmdevi naklovanebebi. kerzod: kanonmdeblobis Sesabamisad, dreisatvis sawarmos SesaZloa saertod ar gaacndes raime qoneba, anu kapitali, da Tu aqvs, arar arsebobs kapitalis registraciis samartlebrivi instrumentebi. ar arsebobs moqnili sistema, romlitac partniorebi nebayoflobit gansazrvraven sawarmos sawesdebo kapitals, rac imusavebs rogorc ertgvari garanti kreditorta motxovnis uzrunvelsayofad da gazrdis sawarmos, rogorc potenciuri biznespartnioris, sandoobas. sawarmos partniorebs SeuZliaT ise gaasxvison an gainawilon sawarmos qoneba, rom kreditorebs amis Sesaxeb ar acnobon da mxolod amis Semdeg daiwyon likvidaciis procesi an saertod SeaCeron saqmianoba da samudamod miatovon igi, rogorc registrirebuli araaqtiuri subieqti. dreisatvis SeuZlebelia potenciuri biznespartnioris/investoris mier dasadebi garigebisa da SesaZlo riskebis obieqturi Sefaseba, ris gamoc garigeba arasaimedoa am riskebis damatebiti garigebebit dazrvevis garese (ipoteka, giravnoba, dazrveva da sxv.). es ki, Tavis mxriv, uaryofitad aisaxeba sainvesticio biznesgaremoze. miuxedavad imisa, rom 2008 wlis 14 martis sakanonmdeblo cvlileba liberaluri ekonomikuri principebit iyo nakarnaxevi da miznad isaxavda qveyanasi biznesgaremos gaumjobesebas, rogorc vxedavt, problemam mainc icina Tavi qveyanasi arar arsebobs kreditorta dacvis samartlebrivi meqnizmi. 8

10 problemis aqtualuroba kidev ufro izrdeba, Tu mas ganvixilavt qveynis mier arebuli ekonomikuri ganvitarebis WrilSi. dreisatvis saqartvelos ekonomikuri ganvitarebis strategia emyareba qveyanasi ucxouri investiciebis mozidvas masin, rodesac nebismieri ucxouri kompaniistvis sakmaod sariskoa kerzo samartlebriv urtiertobasi Sesvla iset adgilobriv sawarmostan, romlis sawesdebo kapitali aradeklarirebulia da Tavidanve ewvqves aris dayenebuli misi dacvis garantiebi, motxovnis dadgomis SemTxvevaSi. qveyanasi ucxouri investiciebis mozidvis SesaZleblobasa da, zogadad, biznesgaremos gaumjobesebas safrtxes uqmnis kidev erti garemoeba. sakanonmdeblo cvlilebis Sedegad, rogorc praqtikam acvena, qveyanasi daiwyo e.w. `ertjeradi~ sawarmoebis Seqmna. gamomdinare iqidan, rom kanoni mat ar uyenebs savaldebulo sawesdebo kapitalis motxovnis arsebobas, isini Sedian konkretul kerzo samartlebriv urtiertobasi mxolod mogebis mirebis miznit da wyveten arsebobas imave momentidan, rodesac dgeba mat mier kreditorebis winase valdebulebebis Sesrulebis sakitxi. aseti `ertjeradi~ sawarmoebis ricxvi ki sakmaod didia. agretve, gasatvaliswinebelia is garemoeba, rom zemoarnisnuli sakanonmdeblo cvlileba aratanabar pirobebsi ayenebs mewarmeebs. `ketilsindisier~ kompaniebs surt daaregistriron da xelmisawvdomi gaxadon informacia mati sawesdebo kapitalis Sesaxeb, rata ganamtkicon brendi da moipovon ndoba komerciul pirebtan urtiertobasi. sawesdebo kapitalis registraciis motxovna, risi SesaZleblobac, moqmedi kanonis Sesabamisad, ar gaacniat, sakmaod didia. mewarmeta 70 procenti Tanaxmaa arricxos reestrsi sakutari kapitalis odenoba, xolo 40 procenti kategoriulad moitxovs sawesdebo kapitalis registracias. calkeul SemTxvevaSi saqme iqamdec midis, rom kerzo samartlis iuridiuli pirebi axdenen sawarmota sadamfuzneblo dokumentis cvlilebis registracias, rata am gzit mainc moaxdinon mat sakutrebasi arsebuli pasivebisa da aqtivebis realuri raodenobis samartlebrivi ariareba. es ki damatebiti Tanxebisa da drois xarjvas iwvevs wlis 14 martis sakanonmdeblo cvlileba pirdapir zegavlenas axdens rogorc adgilobrivi, ise ucxouri kompaniebis saqmianobaze da minimumamde amcirebs mati dacvis garantiebs. es problema aseve aferxebs sawarmota registraciaze pasuxismgebeli organos reestris _ saqmianobas. arsanisnavia is faqti, rom reestris mier arsebuli problema identificirebul iqna, Tumca, dremde ver moxerxda problemis arwera, misi gadawris gzebisa da rekomendaciebis SemuSaveba. problemis gadawris gzebi (alternativebi) sawesdebo kapitalis motxovnis sakitxis gadawris gzebi, problemis sworad gaazrebis SemTvevaSi, SesaZlebelia daisaxos ise, rom SenarCundes qveyanasi mcire 9

11 biznesis stimulirebis samartlebrivi SesaZleblobebi da amave dros dacul iqnes kreditorta usafrtxoeba. amis mirweva SesaZlebelia qvemot mocemuli alternativebit: alternativa I. sawesdebo kapitalis nebayoflobiti registraciis daweseba sakanonmdeblo cvlilebis Sedegad. alternativa II. sawarmota mier yovelwliuri finansuri angarisgebis savaldebulo registraciis daweseba. alternativa III. sawarmota sakutrebasi arsebuli aqtivebis savaldebulo dazrvevis daweseba. mosalodneli Sedegebis analizi alternativa I. `mewarmeta Sesaxeb~ saqartvelos kanonsi cvlilebis ganxorcielebis gzit SesaZlebelia sawesdebo kapitalis nebayoflobiti registraciis daweseba. survilisamebr, sawarmos SesaZlebloba eqneba ganacxadit mimartos reestrs da moitxovos misi sawesdebo kapitalis mewarmeta ertian monacemta bazasi asaxva. dadebiti mxareebi: am alternativis dadebiti mxarea is, rom `ketilsindisier~ mewarmes SesaZlebloba ezleva xelmisawvdomi gaxados informacia mis sakutrebasi arsebuli resursebis Sesaxeb da gazardos ndoba momxmareblebisa da potenciuri partniorebisatvis. amave dros nebismier kompanias, aseve reestris momsaxurebis sasualebit, SesaZlebloba eqneba, miiros informacia komerciul garigebasi Cabmuli meore mxaris finansuri SesaZleblobis Sesaxeb. arnisnuli cvlileba, garda samewarmeo saqmianobis mxareebisatvis sargeblis motanisa, dadebitad imoqmedebs zogadad qveyanasi jansari biznesgaremos Camoyalibebaze. drota ganmavlobasi sul ufro meti ndoba gacndeba im kompaniebis mimart, romlebic axdenen sakutari finansebisa da resursebis deklarirebas, xolo `ertjeradi saqmianobisatvis~ Seqmnili sawarmoebi TavisTavad gavlen bazridan. uaryofiti mxareebi: warmodgenili alternativis uaryofit mxareebad SeiZleba CaiTvalos is, rom misi ganxorcielebisatvis sakmaod didi droa sawiro. pirvel rigsi, amisatvis aucilebeli politikuri nebis arseboba, aseve, TviT kanonsi cvlilebis Setanis procedurac drosi gawerili procesia. amastan, nebismieri cvlileba sazogadoebis araertgvarovan reaqcias iwvevs. Sesabamisad, mocemuli alternativis ganxorcielebis Semdeg aucilebeli gaxdeba sazogadoebis sworad informireba, rac damatebit adamianur da finansur resursebs moitxovs saxelmwifos mxridan. imis gatvaliswinebit, rom reestris saregistracio momsaxureba da informaciis gacema fasiania, Sesabamisad, axali servisit sargebloba mewarmisa da dainteresebuli piris mier damatebiti Tanxebis garebas gamoiwvevs. Tumca, Tu gavitvaliswinebt reestris momsaxurebisatvis dawesebuli safasurebis arsebul odenobebs, SegviZlia vivaraudot, rom sawesdebo kapitalis registraciis safasurad SesaZloa dawesdes ara umetes 50 larisa, xolo informaciis misarebad _ ara umetes 10 larisa. arnisnuli 10

12 safasurebis odenobebi ki savsebit misarebi Tanxaa jansari sawarmoo urtiertobebis warmartvisatvis. mosalodneli Sedegi: yovelive zemotqmulidan gamomdinare, pirveli alternativis mosalodneli Sedegia kompaniebis sawesdebo kapitalis Sesaxeb informaciis asaxva mewarmeta ertian monacemta bazasi da am monacemebis sajarooba. alternativa II. es alternativa warmoadgens Svedur models. 28 miuxedavad imisa, rom SvedeTis samewarmeo samartali ar cnobs sawesdebo kapitalis cnebas, sawarmoebistvis SeTavazebulia iseti modeli, rac mat Tavisufali arcevanis SesaZleblobas azlevs sakutari garantiebis dasacavad. kerzod, yvela registrirebuli sawarmo valdebulia kompaniebis reestrs gaugzavnos auditoris mier damowmebuli yovelwliuri angarisgeba, romelic Seicavs kompaniis saqmianobisa da mdgomareobis Sesaxeb srul informacias, mat Soris, xarjtarricxvisa Tu balansis monacemebs. angarisgebis dagvianebis SemTxvevaSi, kompanias ekisreba jarimis gadaxda. jarimis odenoba drota ganmavlobasi izrdeba, xolo 11 Tvis gadacilebis SemTxvevaSi iwyeba kompaniis likvidaciis procesi. mocemuli modelis qartul sistemasi gadmotana savsebit SesaZlebelia. informaciis arricxvaze pasuxismgebel pirad ganisazrvreba reestri, romelic flobs mewarmeta Sesaxeb monacemta bazas. dadebiti mxareebi: dreisatvis sawarmoebi saqmianobis ganxorcielebis processi iyeneben auditorul momsaxurebas, Sesabamisad, mat mxolod erti damatebiti moqmedebis Sesruleba mouwevt _ angarisgebis gadagzavna reestristvis. sanacvlod, qveyanasi iqneba sruli monacemebi yvela kompaniis finansuri da materialuri resursebis Sesaxeb da yvela dainteresebul pirs SeeZleba gaaanalizos sawarmos ara mxolod erti wlis aqtivebi, aramed gamoikvlios kompaniis saqmianobis istoria wlebis mixedvit da mxolod amis Semdeg miiros gadawyvetileba mastan Semdgomi saqmianobis dasawyebad. uaryofiti mxareebi: rac Seexeba warmodgenili alternativis uaryofit mxares, arsanisnavia is faqti, rom izrdeba saxelmwifos mxridan Carevisa da kontrolis xarisxi kompaniis saqmianobasi. mosalodneli Sedegi: yovelive zemoarnisnulis Sesabamisad, meore alternativis mosalodneli Sedegia qveyanasi arsebuli yvela kompaniis resursebis Sesaxeb ertiani monacemta bazis arseboba. alternativa III. `mewarmeta Sesaxeb~ saqartvelos kanonsi damatebis ganxorcielebis Sedegad SesaZlebelia sawarmota sakutrebasi arsebuli aqtivebis savaldebulo dazrvevis daweseba. axali sadazrvevo produqtis Seqmnis Sedegad yvela sawarmo valdebuli iqneba reestris ertian monacemta bazasi asaxos matze gacemuli sadazrvevo polisi, dazrvevis Tanxisa da vadis mititebit. 28 Swedish Companies Registration Office. Starting Up a Business. Stockholm, AB Danagards Grafiska,

13 dadebiti mxareebi: sawarmota aqtivebis dazrveva, kreditorebis dacvis sauketeso sasualebas warmoadgens. Sesrulebis dadgomisas, kompanias yoveltvis ezleva SesaZlebloba motxovnis ufleba daikmayofilos sadazrvevo saagentos sasualebit. uaryofiti mxareebi: miuxedavad imisa, rom mocemul alternativas aqvs kreditorta dacvis sauketeso meqanizmi, uaryofiti mxare mainc icens Tavs. kerzod, saqartvelosi arsebuli sadazrvevo sistema dreisatvis moumzadebelia uamravi kompaniisatvis aqtivebis dasazrvevi momsaxurebis SeTavazebisaTvis. agretve dazrveva, Tavis mxriv, gulisxmobs kompaniebis mxridan mudmivad fiqsirebuli Tanxis gadaxdas, rac mcire sawarmoebisatvis SesaZloa biznesis ganvitarebis barierad mogvevlinos. mosalodneli Sedegi: yovelive zemotqmulis gatvaliswinebit, mesame alternativis mosalodneli Sedegia qveyanasi kreditorebis sruli dacvis garantiis arseboba. zemot mocemuli alternativebidan sauketeso Sedegis mqone alternativis SesarCevad gamoyenebul iqna problemis gadawris gzebis mosalodneli Sedegebis matricisa (ix. cxrili #1) da xarjtsargeblianobis analizi (ix. cxrili N2). problemis gadawris gzebis mosalodneli Sedegebis matricis Sedgenisas, alternativebis Sedegebis Sedarebis miznit, ganisazrvra Sefasebis kriteriumebi. esenia: Sedegianoba arwers alternativis gavlenis dones qveyanasi jansari biznesgaremos Camoyalibebaze da izomeba procentebit; xarjianoba arwers alternativis ganxorcielebisatvis aucilebeli Tanxis odenobas, gamosaxuls 1000 larit; ganxorcielebadoba politikuri TvalsazrisiT arwers konkretuli alternativis ganxorcilebis mimart qveyanasi Sesabamisi politikuri nebis arsebobis dones da izomeba balebit (1-10); ganxorcielebadoba administraciuli TvalsazrisiT arwers alternativis ganxorcielebisatvis aucilebeli adamianiseuli da materialuri resursebis arsebul dones da izomeba balebit (1-10); beneficiaris kmayofilebis done arwers mewarmeta damokidebulebas alternativis Sedegebis mimart da izomeba balebit (1-10); ganxorcielebis vadebi arwers alternativis ganxorcielebisatvis aucilebel dros da gamoxatulia TveebSi. matricasi mocemuli ricxviti macveneblebi emyareba dargsi momusave specialistebis rekomendaciebisa da daskvnebis Sesabamisad gansazrvrul intuiciur Sefasebas. 12

14 cxrili #1 alternativebi kriteriumebi sawesdebo kapitalis nebayoflobiti registracia yovelwliuri angarisis savaldebulo registracia garigebata savaldebulo dazrveva Sedegianoba (%) xarjianoba (lari) ganxorcielebadoba politikuri TvalsazrisiT (1-10) ganxorcielebadoba administraciuli TvalsazrisiT (1-10) beneficiaris kmayofilebis done (1-10) ganxorcielebis vadebi (Tve) xarjtsargeblianobis analizi winamdebare politikis dokumentsi problemis gadawris gzebis xarjtsargeblianobis analizit SesaZlebeli gaxda TiToeuli alternativis mosalodneli sargeblianobisa da danas Sedareba da am gzit sauketeso Sedegis mqone alternativis gamovlena. gamomdinare iqidan, rom danas raodenobis Sesaxeb mza monacemebi Sesabamis dawesebulebebsi ar moizieba, safasurebi daangarisda arsebuli praqtikis gatvaliswinebita da dargis specialistebis rekomendaciebis safuzvelze (ix. danarti #1). 13

15 cxrili #2 problema mizani kreditorta dacvis samartlebrivi meqanizmis ararseboba samewarmeo saqmianobis dacvis meqanizmebis SeTavazeba sawesdebo kapitalis institutis ararsebobis pirobebsi alternativa I: sawesdebo kapitalis nebayoflobiti registracia alternativa II: yovelwliuri finansuri angarisgebis savaldebulo registracia alternativa III: garigebata savaldebulo dazrveva sargeblianoba sargeblianoba sargeblianoba sawarmos resursebis Sesaxeb informaciis sajarooba qveyanasi jansari biznesgaremos Camoyalibeba sawarmota finansuri da materialuri resursebis Sesaxeb ertiani monacemta bazis arseboba sawarmota finansuri da materialuri resursebis sruli analizis SesaZlebloba kreditorta motxovnis uflebis sruli dacvis SesaZlebloba qveyanasi jansari biznesgaremos Camoyalibeba `ertjeradi~ saqmianobisatvis Seqmnili sawarmoebis bazridan gasvla sainvesticio garemos gaumjobeseba sawarmos resursebis Sesaxeb informaciis sajarooba qveyanasi jansari biznesgaremos Camoyalibeba sainvesticio garemos gaumjobeseba `ertjeradi~ saqmianobisatvis Seqmnili sawarmoebis bazridan gasvla sainvesticio garemos gaumjobeseba dana lari dana lari dana sazogadoebis informirebisatvis aucilebeli sazogadoebis informirebisatvis aucilebeli sazogadoebis informirebisatvis aucilebeli registraciis 5000 registraciis 5000 axali sadazrvevo produqtis Seqmnis sainformacio momsaxurebis 1000 momsaxurebis (damatebiti adamianuri da materialuri resursebi) dazrvevis momsaxurebis (damatebiti adamianuri da materialuri resursebi) auditoruli momsaxurebis registraciis 5000 sainformacio momsaxurebis 1000 sainformacio momsaxurebis 1000 momsaxurebis (damatebiti adamianuri da materialuri resursebi) Tanxa

16 upiratesi alternativis SerCeva mosalodneli Sedegebis matricisa da xarjtsargeblianobis analizis safuzvelze calsaxad gamoikveta II alternativis yovelwliuri angarisis savaldebulo registracia Sedegebis upiratesoba. am alternativis sasualebit sasurveli Sedegi miirweva 90 procentit, xasiatdeba beneficiarta kmayofilebis marali macveneblit, realizebisatvis aucilebeli administraciuli resursi bazarze moizieba, ar ewinaarmdegeba qveyanasi arsebul politikur kurss biznesis ganvitarebastan dakavsirebit da ganxorcielebisatvis aucilebeli vadebi savsebit mizansewonilia. martalia, xarjtsargeblianobis analizis Sedegad II alternativis dana aremateba I alternativis sawesdebo kapitalis nebayoflobiti registracia danaxarjebs, magram, mat Soris mosalodneli sargeblianobis donisa da xarisxis gatvaliswinebit, es mizerulia. zemoarnisnulis safuzvelze Tamamad SeiZleba itqvas, rom mocemuli alternativis ganxorcielebit mirweuli iqneba mcire sabiujeto danat maqimaluri Sedegi, romelic ar ewinaarmdegeba qveynis politikur kurss da ar moitxovs did dros. Sesabamisad, uzrunvelyofili gaxdeba dainteresebuli piris ufleba, flobdes srul informacias mastan garigebasi myofi kompaniis finansuri SesaZleblobebis Sesaxeb. rekomendaciebi SerCeuli alternativis ganxorcielebisatvis rekomendebulia Semdegi RonisZiebebis gatareba: iusticiis saministros mier sakanonmdeblo iniciativis Setana saqartvelos parlamentsi yovelwiuri angarisgebis savaldebulo wardgenis Sesaxeb `mewarmeta Sesaxeb~ saqartvelos kanonsi damatebis Setanis motxovnit. reestris mier sazogadoebisatvis informaciis miwodeba axali wesis damkvidrebis Taobaze. reestris mier monacemta bazis momzadeba axali informaciis asaxvisatvis. amrigad, zemoarnisnuli RonisZiebebi Seqmnis satanado pirobebs imisatvis, rom ganxorcieldes kompaniebis wliuri angarisgebis ertian monacemta bazasi asaxva, rac xels Seuwyobs qveyanasi kerzo biznesis subieqtebis Tavisufal da samartlian garemosi saqmianobas. daskvna warmodgenili politikis dokumentis weris processi Catarebuli kvlevisa da analizis safuzvelze Tamamad SeiZleba itqvas, rom `mewarmeta Sesaxeb~ saqartvelos kanonsi 2008 wlis 14 marts ganxorcielebuli cvlilebis Sedegad qveyanasi arar 15

17 arsebobs kreditorta dacvis samartlebrivi meqnizmi. es problema gavlenas axdens rogorc adgilobrivi da ucxouri sawarmoebis saqmianobaze, ise aferxebs reestris normalur funqcionirebas da dauyovnebliv moitxovs gadawyvetas. problemis gadawris SemoTavazebuli alternativebidan mosalodneli Sedegebis matricisa da xarjtsargeblianobis analizis safuzvelze, SeirCa sauketeso Sedegebis mqone alternativa sawarmota mier yovelwliuri finansuri angarisgebis savaldebulo registraciis daweseba. es alternativa warmoadgens Svedur models da savsebit SesaZlebelia misi qartul samartlebriv sivrcesi gadmotana. SerCeuli alternativis ganxorcielebis etapebis gansazrvrisa da Sesabamisi dawesebulebebisatvis rekomendaciebis micemis Semdeg SesaZlebeli xdeba konkretuli nabijebis gadadgma arsebuli problemis gadasawyvetad. Sedegad, saqartvelosi Camoyalibdeba jansari biznesgaremo da srulad iqneba daculi mewarme subieqtta uflebebi. literatura 1. saqartvelos kanoni `mewarmeta Sesaxeb~, cvlileba #5913, , ianvari 11, ixilet 2. Lawrence W. N.. Social Research Methods. Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches. New York, Allyn & Bacon, Miles M.B., Huberman M. A. Qualitative Data Analysis. London. SAGE publications, Minniti M. Gender Issues in Entrepreneurship. Social Science Research Network. 2010, January 27, on-line at 5. Smith N., Smith V., Verner M. Do Women in Top Management Affect Firm Performance? A Panel Study of 2500 Danish Firms August, on line at 6. Swedish Companies Registration Office. Starting Up a Business. Stockholm, AB Danagards Grafiska,

18 Natia Nasrashvili Assistant at Registration and Cadastre Insurance Office National Agency of Public Registry Ministry of Justice of Georgia Stimulating private business development by registering company s authorized capital SUMMARY The aim of this policy paper is to study the impact of the legal amendment on business development in Georgia. As a result of continuous legal, economic and institutional reforms carried out during the past few years, business registration regulations were greatly simplified in Georgia. On March 14, 2008, an amendment to the Georgian Law for Business Registry was carried out and the term - Authorized Capital was abolished. Having a mandatory requirement for registering authorized capital, has both positive and negative aspects. For the economic development of the country, the main precondition is to ensure the existence of simple, fast and accessible regulations and procedures for starting and further developing business. Accordingly, mandatory requirement of having authorized capital for starting the business was in contradiction with the country s strategy encourage development of small businesses. Despite the fact that the above mentioned legal amendment was dictated by liberal economic principles and was aimed to improve the business environment in the country, the problem still remained. As it was found out in real life, the process of creating, so called short-termed enterprises started to appear. The aim of these kinds of companies is to enter into a civil relationship only to gain benefits and when it comes to fulfilling their obligations, they suspend the business. Accordingly, after the amendment was implemented to the Georgian Law for Business Registry on March 14, 2008, there are no legal regulations for security of creditors. To achieve the set aim and answer the research question, an appropriate methodology and techniques have been applied. Based on the comparative analysis of the selected three policy alternatives for addressing the above mentioned issue, priority was given to the establishment of a mandatory registration of annual financial reports in the united database of the business registry. By accessing companies annual financial reports, interested parties will have the possibility not only to get information about current financial resources of an entity, but, at the same time, to examine its financial potential by reviewing the past years turnover and results. Lastly, the policy paper outlines some key recommendations for the relevant governmental organizations, in order to carry out activities for implementing the chosen alternative.