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1 ./ CERCLA PRP CERCLA Aviall Atlantic Burlington CERCLA ILO CPO BFPP

2 .0 Common Elements Threshold Criteria Continuing Obligation ILO

3 .1

4 .2 Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act CERCLA CERCLA

5 .3 CERCLA CER- CLA EPA Environmental Protection Agency CERCLA CERCLA Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act CER- CLA

6 /* CERCLA CERCLA CERCLA Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of SARA CERCLA SARA SARA CERCLA CERCLA The Small Business Liability Relief and Brownfields Revitalization Act CER-

7 /+ CLA CERCL CERCLA PRP PRP PRP CERCLA Potentially Responsible Parties PRP CERCLA a owner, operator arranger, generator transporter A National Contingency Plan NCP B C D i

8 /, PRP A D PRP PRP EPA PRP PRP PRP Enforcement First PRP PRP PRP PRP CERCLA a PRP EPA PRP PRP CERCLA CERCLIS HRS NPL NPL

9 /- CERCLA CERCLA PRP EPA PRP CERCLA CERCLA NCP PRP a A D A B NCP NCP PRP NCP CWA CERCLA a CERCLA NCP

10 /. NCP CERCLA PRP CERCLA CWA CERCLA ChemDyne CERCLA PRP PRP PRP PRP PRP SARA Burlington a CERCLA EPA PRP PRP

11 // PRP CERCLA orphan share CERCLA orphan share orphan share

12 /0 orphan share CERCLA PRP orphan share a a A PRP PRP PRP PRP PRP PRP CERCLA PRP a B PRP a CERCLA PRP f

13 /1 SARA f PRP PRP f a a B a PRP a NCP a f a PRP

14 /2 PRP PRP f PRP a f PRP a f PRP a a PRP PRP PRP orphan share f orphan share CERCLA PRP f PRP f a Aviall Atlantic Aviall f

15 /3 Cooper Aviall Cooper Aviall Aviall Aviall Cooper a PRP Cooper CERCLA a f f f a a Aviall f f a PRP f may a may only Aviall f f a

16 0* PRP may PRP f B f f a f f g Ginsberg Aviall Cooper Stevens PRP PRP PRP a PRP f CERCLA a f

17 0+ PRP PRP PRP Atlantic Aviall PRP a Atlantic Atlantic PRP CERCLA a f Aviall PRP f a PRP a f PRP a B A

18 0, Atlantic a B a PRP a f a B PRP PRP Atlantic a a f a f f a PRP a PRP a PRP f a a PRP a f a PRP

19 0- a PRP a PRP f PRP f PRP Aviall Atlantic PRP a f a f PRP PRP a f PRP Atlantic CERCLA PRP a f PRP CERCLA EPA

20 0. NCP PRP Aviall PRP f a Aviall Atlantic PRP a PRP Atlantic Atlantic PRP Aviall Atlantic a f PRP Atlantic Atlantic

21 0/ PRP EPA PRP PRP PRP a PRP orphan share PRP orphan share a PRP PRP Aviall a f PRP a f a Aviall Atlantic a Atlantic PRP f

22 00 PRP PRP a f PRP a PRP PRP a Atlantic a f Burlington CERCLA a PRP ChemDyne a PRP PRP

23 01 Shell Oil BrownBryant BB BB Burlington Northern and Santa Fe Railway Union Pacific Railway Shell BB BB EPA EPA Shell Burlington Union a Shell arranger owner PRP BB BB. Shell Shell

24 02 owner Shell BB a arranger arranger Shell arranger Shell arranger arranger PRP arranger Shell BB Shell PRP

25 03 Ginsberg Shell arranger CERCLA ChemDyne a Burlington ChemDyne EPA PRP ChemDyne Burlington PRP Burlington

26 1* ChemDyne Burlington Burlington ChemDyne PRP a Atlantic PRP arranger arranger PRP owner operater PRP arranger CERCLA PRP arranger CERCLA Ginsberg CERCLA a f

27 1+ PRP f PRP f f orphan share f orphan share f f f f

28 1, CERCLA PRP PRP PRP PRP PRP PRP a f Atlantic a a f PRP PRP Burlington PRP PRP f Atlantic a orphan share a f f

29 1- PRP CERCLA CERCLA b PRP PRP SARA SARA

30 1. SARA CERCLA CERCLA innocent landowner ILO bona fide prospective purchaser BFPP contiguous property owner ILO CPO CERCLA SARA ILO CERCLA SARA ILO SARA

31 1/ CPO q CPO PRP CPO EPA CERCLA f BFPP r BFPP

32 10 PRP BFPP BFPP ILO CPO CPO BFPP BFPP BFPP BFPP EPA BFPP BFPP BFPP BFPP BFPP BFPP BFPP BFPP BFPP

33 11 Common Elements ILO CPO BFPP EPA ILO CPO BFPP Common Elements Common Elements BFPP CPO ILO threshold criteria ongoing obligation Threshold Criteria Common Elements All Appropriate Inquiry BFPP CPO ILO AAI AAI EPA AAI American Society for Testing and Materials ASTM

34 12 Standard Practice for Environmental Site Assessments : Phase Environmental Site Assessment Process EPA AAI CERCLA B EPA AAI AAI AAI AAI ASTM AAI ASTM ASTM AAI AAI ASTM Affiliation BFPP CPO

35 13 PRP CER- CLA EPA EPA BFPP CPO PRP PRP PRP PRP BFPP CPO affiliation BFPP affiliation BFPP CPO affiliation BFPP PRP BFPP CPO PRP PRP PRP PRP Continuing Obligations

36 2* Common Elements BFPP CPO ILO BFPP CPO ILO EPA

37 2+ BFPP CPO ILO CERCLA EPA CERCLA EPA CER- CLA CPO EPA BFPP CPO ILO BFPP CPO ILO BFPP CPO ILO CPO ILO BFPP CPO ILO

38 2, EPA Common Elements B QA EPA EPA EPA EPA comfort/status letters EPA EPA comfort/status letters NPL EPA EPA PRP

39 2- BFPP CPO ILO BFPP CPO EPA EPA e BFPP CPO BFPP CPO EPA CERCLA EPCRA The Emergency Planning and Community Rightto Know Act RCRA BFPP CPO ILO Affiliation EPA Common Elements A Common

40 2. Elements ILO ILO affiliation ILO A CERCLA EPA A ILO EPA ILO BFPP CPO PRP ILO ILO SARA ILO PRP BFPP CPO PRP affiliation

41 2/ ILO BFPP CPO PRP EPA ILO CERCLA innocent See JUDITH A. LAYZER, THE ENVIRONMENTAL CASE TRANSLAT- ING VALUES INTO POLICY CQ PRESS, nd ed., at. Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act FIFRA Toxic Substances Control Act TSCA Resource Conservation and Recovery Act RCRA RCRA See JAMES SALZMAN

42 20 BARTON H. THOMPSON, JR., ENVIRONMENTAL LAW AND POLICY FOU- NDATION PRESS, rd ed., at. Id., at. CERCLA CERCLA CERCLA NBL CER- CLA CERCLA CERCLA CERCLA superfund PRP

43 21 CERCLA c CERCLA NPL CERCLA CERCLA CERCLA CERCLA CERCLA the Massachusetts Oil and Hazardous Material Release Prevention Act Victor N. Baltera et al., Environmental Considerations, AMB MACLE at... PRP NCP NPL NCP NCP NCP DANIEL A. FARBER AND ROGER W. FINDLEY, ENVIRONMENTAL LAW WEST, th ed., at. C.F.R.. CWA f A B C D

44 22 b United States v. ChemDyne Corp., F. Supp. S.D. Ohio. Oct.,. Restatement Second of Torts A CERCLA g Burlington Northern and Santa Fe Railway Company v. United States, U.S.. Restatement Second of Torts. Restatement Third of Torts : Apportionment Liab.. Restatement Third of Torts : Apportionment Liab.. WARREN FREEDMAN, JOINT AND SEVERAL LIABILITY : ALLOCA- TION OF RISK AND APPORTIONMENT OF DAMAGES BUTTERWORTH LEGAL PUBLISHERS, at. Restatement Third of Torts : Apportionment Liab. cmt. a. Id. Restatement Second of Torts A. Restatement Third of Torts : Apportionment Liab.. Restatement Third of Torts : Apportionment Liab. B cmt. a. Restatement Third of Torts : Apportionment Liab. cmt. c Restatement Third of Torts : Apportionment Liab. cmt. f. Restatement Third of Torts : Apportionment Liab. cmt. a Restatement Third of Torts : Apportionment Liab. cmt. a.

45 23 Kenneth K. Kilbert, Neither Joint Nor Several : Orphan Shares and Private CERCLA Actions, Envtl. L. at. EPA orphan share PRP PRP United States Environmental Protection Agency, Interim Guidance on Orphan Share Compensation for Settlors of Remedial Design/Remedial Action and NonTimeCritical Removals at. Kenneth K. Kilbert, supra note, at Aaron Gershonowits, United States v. Atlantic Research Corp. : Who Should Pay to Clean up Inactive Hazardous Waste Sites?, Duke Envtl. L. Pol y F. at. Kenneth K. Kilbert, supra note, at. Id., at. Id. CERCLA Warren Freedman, supra note, at. f CERCLA See Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of, H.R. Rep., U.S.C.C.A.N., at. See Daniel A. Farber and Roger W. Findley, supra note, at. See Kenneth K. Kilbert, supra note, at ;Daniel A. Faber and Roger W. Findley, supra note, at. Daniel Riesel, Evolution of Liability in Hazardous Substances Litigation, ST ALIABA at. Id., at. Id., at. Kenneth K. Kilbert, supra note, at Atlantic Research

46 3* Kenneth K. Kilbert, supra note, at. Id., at ;Daniel A. Faber and Roger W. Findley, supra note, at. Cooper Industries, Inc. v. Aviall Services, Inc., U.S.. Cooper CERCLA contribution Aviall Services, Inc. v. Cooper Industries, Inc., WL N.D.Tex. Jan.,. Aviall Services, Inc. v. Cooper Industries, Inc., F.d th Cir.. Kenneth K. Kilbert, supra note, at. Daniel A. Faber and Roger W. Findley, supra note, at Kenneth K. Kilbert, supra note, at Steven Ferry, The Superfund Cost Allocation Liability Conflictions among the Federal Courts, Vt. Envtl. L. at Jason Nichols, Resolving The Federal Court Conflict Over CERCLA Cost Recovery for Potentially Liable PartiesSome Suggestions for Giving Order to PostAviall Section Jurisprudence and for Encouraging Voluntary Cleanup Environmental Site Contamination, Tenn. L. Rev. at. United States v. Atlantic Research Corporation, U.S. Atlantic Research Corp. v. United States, F. d th Cir.. See supra note, at. Kenneth K. Kilbert, supra note, at. See Craig N. Johnston, United States v. Atlantic Research Corp. : The Supreme Court Restores Voluntary Cleanups under CERCLA, J. Envtl. L.

47 3+ Litig. at. Fed. Reg., at. BDA CERCLA, Steven Ferry, supra note, at. Daniel. A. Faber and Roger W. Findley, supra note, at. Aviall Atlantic Rachael E. Salcido, Voluntarily Cleanups and CERCLA in a PostAvial and Atlantic Research World, RMMLFINST at. Kevin A. Gaynor et al., Unresolved CERCLA Issues after Atlantic Research and Burlington Northern, Envtl. L. Rep. News Analysis at. Craig N. Johnston, supra note, at. Kevin A. Gaynor et al., supra note, at. Ronald G. Aronovsky, APreemption Paradox : Preserving the Role of State Law in Private Cleanup Cost Disputes, N.Y.U. Envtl. L.J. at. Atlantic a f See supra note, at. F. Supp. d at B.R. at. Steven Ferry, Inverting the Law : Superfund Hazardous Substance Liability and Supreme Court Reversal of All Federal Circuits, Wm. Mary Envtl. L. Pol y Rev. at. a f PRP

48 3, Supra note. United States v. The Atchison, Topeka Santa Fe Railway Company, WL E.D. Cal. July,. United States v. Burlington Northern Santa Fe Railway Company, F. d th Cir.. Kevin A. Gaynor et al., supra note, at Robert M. Guo. Reasonable Basis for Apportioning Harm under CERCLA, Ecology L. Q. at Rachael K. Evans, Burlington Northern Santa Fe Railway Co. v. United States, Harv. Envtl. L. Rev. at Kenneth K. Kilbert, supra note, at. William C. Tucker, All Is Number : Mathematics, Divisibility and Apportionment under Burlington Northern, Fordham Envtl. L. Rev. at. Peter J. McGrath Jr., Burlington Northern Santa Fe Railway Co., Et Al v. United States : Defining Environmental Law or Changing It?, Charlotte L. Rev. at. Steve C. Gold, DisJointed? Several Approaches to Divisibility after Burlington Northern, Vt. J. Envtl. L. at Martha L. Judy, Coming Full CERCLA : Why Burlington Northern Is Not the Sword of Damocles for Joint and Several Liability, New Eng. L. Rev. at. James Salzman Barton H. Thompson, Jr., supra note, at. United States v. Iron Mountain Mines Inc., WL E.D.Cal. May., at. Daniel Riesel, supra note, at. Martha L. Judy, supra note, at. Daniel Riesel, supra note, at. Kenneth K. Kilbert, supra note, at. Ashley See Kenneth K. Kilbert, supra

49 3- note, at. CERCLA C See United States v. CDMG Realty Co., F. d rd Cir.. CERCLA B PRP arranger transporter CERCLA CERCLA, b EPA CERCLA CPO See United States Environmental Protection Agency, Announcement and Publication of Final Policy toward Owners of Property Containing Contaminated Aquifers. CERCLA q EPA EPA CERCLA See United States Environmental Protection Agency, Announcement and Publication of Guidance on Agreements with Prospective Purchasers of Contaminated Property and Model Prospective Purchaser Agreement.

50 3. CERCLA q C CERCLA r CERCLA See United States Environmental Protection Agency, Revised Enforcement Guidance Regarding the Treatment of Tenants Under the CERCLA Bona Fide Prospective Purchaser Provision. CERCLA A CERCLA r See supra note, at. Id., at. Id., at. See United States Environmental Protection Agency, Interim Guidance Regarding Criteria Landowners Must Meet in Order to Qualify for Bona Fide Prospective Purchaser, Contiguous Property Owner, or Innocent Landowner Limitations on CERCLA Liability COMMON ELEMENTS. CERCLA B q A A, B SARA Philip L. Comella, Environmental Issues and Liability Considerations, PLI/Corp at. Standard E ASTM CERCLA B CERCLA B United States Environmental Protection Agency, All Appropriate Inquires Final Rule Brownfields Fact Sheet EPA F October,. AAI AAI

51 3/ AAI ASTM Philip L. Comella, supra note, at. CERCLA H q A Supra note, at. Id. See United States Environmental Protection Agency, Enforcement Discretion Guidance Regarding the Affiliation Language of CERCLA s Bona Fide Prospective Purchaser and Contiguous Property Owner Liability Protections. Id., at. See Id., at. CERCLA H i EPA affiliation See supra note, at. CERCLA H i q A See supra note, at. CERCLA F q A V A Supra note, at. Id., at. Id., at. Id., at. Id. Id. United States Environmental Protection Agency, Institutional Controls : A Guide to Planning, Implementing, Maintaining, and Enforcing Institutional Controls at Contaminated Sites. CERCLA D q A B

52 30 CERCLA b a SARA ILO Supra note, at. Id. Supra note, at. CERCLA q D Supra note, at. Id. Id., at. Id. Id. EPA comfort/status letters Fed. Reg.. comfort/status letters EPA See Walter E. Mugdan, Environmental Considerations in Real Estate Transactions, SS ALIABA at. Supra note, at. Laurencia Fasoyiro, In Consideration of Disposal of Waste in the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act CERCLA and Texas Waste Disposal Act, Tex. Tech. Admin. L. J. at. CERCLA E q A A Supra note, at. CERCLA G q A Supra note, at. Id.

53 31 CERCLA C q A Supra note, at. Id. Id. CERCLA A CERCLA A United States v. Domenic Lombardi Reality, Inc., F. Supp. d D.R.I. June.,. See supra note, at. CERCLA b a CERCLA B

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