ἐμπνέων present active participle ἐμπνεύω = breathe, inspire under BAGD 256b.

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1 1 Acts 9 (9:1) ἐμπνέων present active participle ἐμπνεύω = breathe, inspire under BAGD 256b. ἀπειλή, ῆς, ἡ = threat under BAGD 83a. φόνος, ου, ὁ = murder, killing under BAGD 864b. προσελθὼν aorist active participle προςέρχομαι = come or go to, approach under BAGD 713a. Note προσευχομαι is one of those verbs in which different verb stems are used for present and for aorist. ἀρχιερεύς, έως, ὁ = high priest under BAGD 112b. Grammatical note = The Article with Substantives. The article with substantives lies at the core of the NT use of the article. The Particularizing Article. The particularizing article serves to identify or denote persons or things and to distinguish them from all others. This is the article s basic function. The most important subcategories of the individualizing article include the following: (1) identification (2) par excellence (3) monadic (one-of-a-kind) (4) the abstract nouns and (5) previous reference (anaphoric). The article is pointing back to a substantive that was previously mentioned (note the translation with the demonstrative that. This includes individuals who were previously mentioned in a narrative. Normally no article is used with the proper name when an individual is first introduced, while in subsequent references the anaphoric article is used to point backward to that individual. See Acts 9:1. See KMP, and n20. Grammatical note = The Absence of the Article. The absence of the article does not necessarily mean that a substantive is indefinite. The third possibility when the article is absent is that of a definite substantive. In such cases, emphasis is placed on individual identity, and the substantive is particularized or specified even though it lacks the article. When the substantive lacks the article, context is the only way to determine whether the author intends the reference to be definite or not. The most important and common instances where anarthrous nouns are definite are: (1) proper names, (2) prepositional objects, (3) predicate nominatives, (4) abstract nouns. Proper names are regularly, though not always, anarthrous. See KMP, 159 and n29.

2 2 (9:2) ᾐτήσατο aorist middle αἰτέω = ask, ask for, demand under BAGD 25b-. ἐπιστολή, ῆς, ἡ = letter, epistle under BAGD 300b. εὕρῃ - aorist active subjunctive εὑρίσκω = find, discover, come upon, discover under BAGD 324b. δεδεμένους perfect passive participle δέω = bind, tie under BAGD 177b. ἀγάγῃ - aorist active ἄγω = lead, bring, take along under BAGD 14a. (9:3) πορεύεσθαι present middle infinitive πορεύομαι. ἐγένετο aorist middle γίνομαι. ἐγγίζειν present active infinitive ἐγγίζω = approach, come near under BAGD 213b. ἐξαίφνης = suddenly, unecpectedly under BAGD 272a. περιήστραψεν aorist active περιαστράπτω = (transitive) shine around someone (intransitive) shine (around) under BAGD 645b. Grammatical note = Locative Dative. Place. The dative of place pinpoints the literal physical location of a substantive in the dative case. In English, the translation must be chosen in keeping with the appropriate preposition For more examples of the dative of place, see Acts 9:3. See KMP, and n30. Grammatical note = Infinitives. Temporal. Previous Time. Previous time is communicated by μετα το + infinitive. In this case, the action of the infinitive occurs before the action of the main verb. The confusing feature here is that the word μετα is translated after. In other words, if the action of the infinitive occurs before that of the main verb, why not add the word before? What is important to remember is that the time of the infinitive is defined in relation to the main verb (and not vice versa). Contemporaneous Time. With the contemporaneous time

3 3 use of the infinitive, the action of the infinitive occurs simultaneously or at the same time as the action of the main or controlling verb and is expressed by ἐν τω + infinitive. The prepositional phrase is usually translated with the English word while, as, or when. See KMP, and n32. (9:4) πεσὼν aorist active participle πίπτω = fall (down from a higher point), (of something that until recently has been standing upright) fall (down), fall to pieces under BAGD 659a. ἤκουσεν aorist active ἀκούω. διώκω = hasten, run, press on, persecute, drive away, drive out, run after, pursue, strive for, seek after under BAGD 201a. διωκεις 1 (9:5) διωκεις. ἀλλα 2 (9:6) ἀνάστηθι aorist active imperative ἀνίστημι = (transitive) raise, erect, raise up, cause to appear (or) be born (intransitive) rise, stand up, get up, arise (to help the poor, of God), (with weakened basic meaning to indicate the beginning of an action expressed by another verb) under BAGD 70a. Interesting that this verb is used here to redirect Saul. εἴσελθε aorist active imperative εἰσέρχομαι. Good opportunity to practice identifying aorist imperatives. 1 {A} διωκεις P 45vid, 47vid א A B C P Ψ. διωκεις. σκληρον σι προς κεντρα λακτιζειν (see 26:14) E 431 it e, l, ph geo Augustine. 2 {A} διωκεις. ἀλλα P 74 א A B C E P Ψ. διωκεις. σκληρον σοι προς κεντρα λακτιζειν. 629 gr it gig, r. persequeris, durum est tibi contra stimulum calcitrare. Et tremens ac stupens dixit: Domine, quid me vis facere? Et dominus ad cum: 629 lat it ar, c, h, l, p, ph, t

4 4 λαληθήσεταί - future passive λαλέω = (of inanimate things) sound, give forth sounds (or) tones, (of persons) speak, (be able to) speak, (in contrast to keeping silent), speak = express oneself (transitive) speak, (and thereby) assert, proclaim under BAGD 463a. ποιεῖν present active infinitive ποιέω. This is the official break in the lection for the 3 rd Sunday in Eastertide (B). The lection optionally continues to verse 20. (9:7) συνοδεύοντες present active participle συνοδεύω = travel with someone under BAGD 791a. Hapax in the NT? εἱστήκεισαν pluperfect active ἵστημι = set, place, bring, allow to come, put forward, propose (for a certain purpose), (intransitive) stand still, stop, come up, stand, appear under BAGD 382a. ἐνεός, ά, όν = speechless under BAGD 265a. Hapax in the NT. ἀκούοντες present active participles ἀκούω. φωνή, ῆς, ἡ = sound, tone, noise (the source of which is added in the ) under BAGD 870b. μηδείς, μηδεμία, μηδέν = (adjective) no (one) (substantive) nobody, nothing (as the accusative of the inner object) not at all, in no way, be nothing under BAGD 518a. θεωροῦντες present active participle θεωρέω = be a spectator, look at, observe, perceive, see, (of perception by the mind or spirit) notice, perceive, observe, find, experience under BAGD 360a. Verse 7 is interesting and significant for reasons that at first are not clear. Saul has a powerful vision of the risen Christ and responds to that vision. His traveling companion do hear the voice but they see nothing. So one can hear but not see divine appearance?

5 5 Grammatical note = Past State Plurperfect. This category applies to certain verbs that convey a past state with no antecedent action. This type of usage is found with verbs that are stative in nature with no implication of a previous act that produced the state. Verbs in this category are οἰδα, ἱστημι, εἰωθα, πειθω, and παριστημι. For more examples of the past state perfect of (1) ἱστημι, see Acts 9:7. See KMP, 306 and n71. (9:8) ἠγέρθη aorist passive ἐγείρω = wake, rouse, raise, help to rise (of a person sitting down), lift up, raise up, erect, restore, raise up, bring into being (passive) wake up awaken, be raised, rise under BAGD 214b. ἀνεῳγμένων perfect passive participle ἀνοίγω = (transitive) open, (closed places, whose interior is thereby made accessible), (objects locked, closed, or shut), (seals) (parts of the body) (intransitive) (only 2 pf. except that the 2 aor. pass. Ac 12:10 is the practical equivalent of an intransitive) under BAGD 70b. ὀφθαλμός, οῦ, ὁ = eye, (as organ of sense perception), (transferred to mental and spiritual understanding) under BAGD 599a-. ἔβλεπεν imperfect active βλέπω = see, look (at), be able to see (in contrast to being blind), regard, (of mental functions) direct one s attention to something, consider, note, notice under BAGD 143a. χειραγωγοῦντες present active participle χειραγωγέω = take (or) lead by the hand under BAGD 880b. Very rare. εἰσήγαγον aorist active εἰσάγω = bring (or) lead in into someone (or) something under BAGD 232a. Grammatical note = Participles. Means. The adverbial participle of means answers the question how? the main verb was accomplished. The participle is usually translated with the phrase by or by means of. Unlike the participle of manner, this usage is not merely conveying the mental or emotional state someone experienced while performing an action, but the actual way I which it was completed. The participle usually follows the main verb. This usage is common. For more examples of the participle of means, see Acts 9:8. See KMP, 329 and n22.

6 6 (9:9) βλέπων present active participle βλέπω. ἔφαγεν aorist active ἐσθίω = eat under BAGD 312a. One of those verbs which uses different stems for different tense-forms. ἔπιεν aorist active πίνω = drink under BAGD 658a. (9:10) ὄνομα, τος, ἡ = name (of proper names), (used with verbs), (with prepositions), (in combination with attributes), (in combination with God and Jesus), (in combination with verbs) under BAGD 570b. ὄραμα, τος, τό = (in our literature of extraordinary visions, whether the person be asleep or awake), vision, (the act by which the recipient of the vision is granted a vision, or the state of being in which he receives his vision) under BAGD 577a. Just as Saul had a vision (? perhaps not a typical theophany) so does Ananias. It is described as such. Ananias hears the Lord speak to him and he answers. How are the two visions similar? different? (9:11) ἀναστὰς aorist active participle ἀνίστημι = (transitive) raise, erect, raise up, cause to appear (or) be born (intransitive) rise, stand up, get up, arise (to help the poor, of God), (with weakened basic meaning to indicate the beginning of an action expressed by another verb) under BAGD 70a. πορεύθητι aorist passive imperative πορεύομαι. ῥύμη, ης, ἡ = narrow street, lane, alley under BAGD 737b. Interesting so not just a street but almost an alley. καλουμένην present passive participle καλέω = call, call by name, name, provide with a name, (very often the emphasis is on the fact that the bearer of the name actually is what the name says about him, the passive) be named (thus approaches closely to the meaning) to be (and it must be left to the feeling of the

7 7 interpreter whether this translation is to be attempted in any individual case), invite, call together, summon under BAGD 398b. εὐθύς, εῖα, ύ = straight under BAGD 321a. ζήτησον aorist active imperative ζητέω = seek, look for (in order to find), (what one desires somehow to bring into relation with oneself or to obtain without knowing where it is to be found, look for, search out someone, investigate, examine, consider, deliberate under BAGD 338b. οἰκία, ας, ἡ = house (as a building), (figuratively), household, family (a kind of middle positions between meanings 1 and 2 is held by Matthew 10:12f) under BAGD 557a. προσεύχομαι = pray under BAGD 713b. Grammatical note = Adverbial Uses of the Accusative. In this type of usage, the accusative functions in essence like an adverb in that it specifies manner, measure (time or space), or another aspect entailed by a given action. In fact, a number of words (quite frequently neuter adjectives) were employed with such frequently in an adverbial sense in the accusative that for all practical purposes they became adverbs As Brooks and Winbery wrote, The adverbial accusative modifies a verb rather than serving as its object. We will highlight three different uses of the adverbial accusative: (1) measure, (2) manner, and (3) respect. Other, less frequent, categories include: (3) the predicate accusative (Acts 9:11). See KMP, 68 and n69. Grammatical note = Other Verbal Participles. Attendant Circumstance. The attendant circumstance participle communicates an action that is coordinate to the main verb, thus taking on the mood of this verb (sometimes labeled parallel participles). It is sometimes translated as a finite verb with and inserted between the two verbal ideas. For more examples of the participle of attendant circumstance, see Acts 9:11. See KMP, 336, 337, and n45. (9:12) εἶδεν aorist active ὁράω. εἰσελθόντα aorist active participle εἰσέρχομαι.

8 8 ἐπιθέντα aorist active participle ἐπιτίθημι = (active) lay (or) put opn, set upon, attack under BAGD 302b. ὅπως = (as an adverb) how, in what way (as a conjunction), (without ἄν), (more and more replacing the infinitive after verbs of asking) that under BAGD 576b. ἀναβλέψῃ - aorist active subjunctive ἀναβλέπω = look up, see again under BAGD 50b. ἐν ὁροματι 3 (9:13) ἀπεκρίθη aorist passive ἀποκρίνομαι = answer, reply, (Hebraistically of the continuation of discourse like (ענה under BAGD 93a-. ἤκουσα aorist active ἀκούω. ὅσος, η, ον = as great, how great, as far as, how far, as long, how long, as much, how much, (of quantity and number), (of measure and degree) under BAGD 586a. κακός, ή, όν = (in the moral sense) bad, evil, (of the characteristics, actions, emotions, plans, of men) under BAGD 397b. ἐποίησεν aorist active ποιέω. (9:14) ὦδε = here, (in the sense) in this place, to this place, hither, (weakened) in this case, at this point, on this occasion, under these circumstances under BAGD 895a. ἐξουσία, ας, ἡ = freedom of choice, right (to act, decide, or dispose of one s property as one wishes [Rw similar to Hebrew משׁל perhaps]) ability (to do something), capability, might, power, authority, absolute power, warrant under BAGD 277b-. δῆσαι aorist active infinitive δέω = bind, tie, (of actual binding and 3 {C} ἀνδρα ἐν ὁροματι B C l 60. ἐν ὁροματι ανδρα E P 049. ἀνδρα א P 74 A 81. ἐν ὁροματι Ψ.

9 9 imprisonment) under BAGD 177b. ἐπικαλουμένους present middle participle ἐπικαλέω = call, call out, name, give a name, appeal to someone under BAGD 294a. (9:15) πορεύου aorist active infinitive πορεύομαι = go, proceed, travel, conduct onself, live, walk under BAGD 692a. σκεῦος, ους, τό = thing, object (used for any purpose at all), vessel, jar, dish, and so on under BAGD 754a. ἐκλογή, ῆς, ἡ = selection, election, choosing (passive) that which is chosen (or) selected under BAGD 243a. βαστάσαι aorist active infinitive βαστάζω = take up, carry, bear, endure, take surreptitiously, pilfer, steal under BAGD 137a. בני υἱῶν τε Ἰσραήλ Interesting expression. Looks like a Greek translation of.ישׂראל Grammatical note = Attributive Dative. The attributive genitive is also called the Hebrew genitive or genitive of quality. It denotes an attribute of the head term, conveying an emphatic adjectival idea. This use of the genitive is common in Hebrew where a construct chain is used to describe an adjectival relationship. If you can take the genitival modifier and place it in adjectival form in front of the head noun in your English translation (and that construction conveys the biblical author s meaning), then the genitive is rightly labeled as an adjectival genitive. See KMP, 90, 91. Grammatical note = Particles. Particles of Connection. Some particles help stitch together words, phrases, and clauses. Such particles can also be classified as conjunctions. See earlier in this chapter for an extensive classification of coordinating and subordinating conjunctions. (Acts 9:15) The article τε (overwhelmingly used in Acts) functions as a coordinate conjunction, stitching together parallel discourse units. The τε... τε construction is sometimes translated not only but also. See KMP, 421. (9:16)

10 10 ὑποδείξω future active ὑποδείκνυμι = show indicate, give direction, prove, set forth something under BAGD 844a. παθεῖν aorist active infinitive πάσχω = experience, be treated under BAGD 633b. (9:17) Ἀπῆλθεν aorist active ἀπέρχομαι = go away, depart, go (with indication of place) under BAGD 84b. εἰσῆλθεν aorist active εἰσέρχομαι = come (in, into), go (in, into), enter, enter into someone under BAGD 232b. ἐπιθεὶς aorist active participle ἐπιτίθημι. ἀπέσταλκέ - perfect active ἀποστέλλω = send away or out someone under BAGD 98b. ὀφθείς aorist passive participle ὁράω. Note this is a verb that uses different stems for different tense-forms. ἤρχου imperfect active ἔρχομαι. πλησθῇς aorist passive subjunctive πληρόω = make fill, fill (full), (of persons), (of time) fill (up), complete, bring (something) to completion, finish (something already begun), fulfill, (of the fulfillment of divine predictions or promises) under BAGD 670b. (9:18) ἀπέπεσαν aorist active ἀποπίπτω = fall away under BAGD 97a. Hapax in the NT. λεπίς, ιδος, ἡ = scale (literal, of the scales of fish), (figurative) under BAGD 471b. ἀνέβλεψέ - aorist active ἀναβλέπω.

11 11 ἀναστὰς aorist active ἀνίστημι. ἐβαπτίσθη aorist passive βαπτίζω = dip, immerse under BAGD 131b. Note aorist passive 3s form. (9:19) λαβὼν aorist active participle λαμβάνω. τροφή, ης, ἡ = nourishment, food (literal) (figuratively) under BAGD 827b. ἐνίσχυσεν aorist active ἐνισχύω = grow strong, regain one s strength, strengthen under BAGD 266b. Ἐγένετο aorist active γίνομαι. ἡμέρα, ας, ἡ = day (of the natural day, the period between the rising and setting of the sun) under BAGD 353b-. (9:20) ἐκήρυσσεν imperfect active κηρύσσω = announce, make known (by a herald), proclaim aloud, speak of, mention publicly under BAGD 431a. Grammatical note = Predicate Nominative. Sometimes there are two nominatives in a sentence: a subject nominative and a predicate nominative. In these instances, the predicate nominative provides further information about the subject. At times, the subject and the predicate nominative are virtually equivalent. More commonly the predicate nominative describes a larger category of which the subject is a subset. The question arises ow one can distinguish the predicate nominative from the subject. Wallace supplies the following helpful guidelines: (1) The subject is the pronoun. (2) The subject will have the article. (3) The subject may be a proper name. There are times when the above guidelines by themselves are not conclusive. In such instances, the following pecking order can be established. First, the pronoun is to be given priority. Second, in adjudicating between articular nouns and proper names, word order may be determinative See KMP,