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1 / / '(%)*+,)-. /0) $.!& ICT!"# $%!&!C 5D-8 34 =9: 5! ;<& 78 /, 5 6/4! $8@6& A!/4 /B-8 5!@ -8. pmohamadzadeh@yahoo.com $8@6& A!/4 /B-8 E)FG / H3.. hdnajjar@gmail.com!c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`0 CI$P"A"$=

2 / 678 M <;/ ;8 );>AH VD a;a 9 bl )>AH ( -!. '>8$ I4/4 M O(.8 )>AH?$ c!"8 9%* $%* aa 9 bl ( E <?$K <0;K L;H M L= (?$ (9%= M AD, `!8 a$%`a )*) ;-!. d;( 9%* <, bl V*.<A B )*?$ <, 9%* = <H ;?$ )*?$ <, CN..B* )!B $3 aa 9 bl e!= =$ <= Q.;J M 9`!;8 9%= WY+A F@8 M 9`!8 * 9=!8 fa E!+*.(Harold et al., 008) 9;B 9=!;8 M <-Y+A F@8?$ * E/A %= g -!. >h #9M= = g/` c%a W3B <, 9%* ;(9;%= );* ;(9=!;8 "= )* 9,?$ g 9%*.=$B<A i$"4a 95* 8 * )"fa 95* g <"= 9%* <, ), <?J C 9B?$ );*);H$ *.(Wang et al., 00) 8 ( <=/A <=AM N@fA g(95* VD ;* 6RA QA$ j <5=$5 <, VLA $A <(#D C<, a$%`a., ($3 5+g, )>AH 9 EA7 -!. B O( kf4 ; ; ; i;f= V$; * <%A "* I$4 C990 '(.;(<;A Q/;+ ;H ;-!. '; N;. );, l -!. c? (ICT) ;-!. ;* ICT ;#)A;8 );, ;(<A V+= )( E 9Bam= >?@A E; $;H >?@A <3*. )eja Q*. [A 67 )!)>8$ ($+, ICT.(386 C ;+A) ;,<;A 7 L= )>8$ IJ ($+, <![A '@* 9( )* \0@A E.8 -!. <0K (by* 8 B * c%a ;8 ;M ;"* ICT 67 k ), (<A V+= ($+, 8 ( L* )AM L)A=* E; M ob ($3 ma H - $3 95H V8M )* VD E!#9= I;J ($;+, );,,<A im<=%h (,J 9D )* 5= h ;,.(38C ;J <0) $B )!# e= c%a A V$ )* ICTL= )>8$ +!=?$%8 Q? )* < ()/B!"# C ICT if= M QKJ p$4 C<;!H ;(;?>,B )* M C9!"# m. Information and Communication Technology. Telecommunication Networks

3 679 34'(%) *+,)-. /0) $.!& ICT!"# $%!& ;()0;K b(;, * $8 g M < ()/B.8 )!38. <88 -!. bl; * 5 $8 M =9, m H (M* (<!=! (3 =A) );* b;y* ;()/B E Eq( o=9b 9%* B \8 A3 by* <, Ij!;B bl r* 9, m $3 V H (?> ),!"( B ($;+, );( M b;* ICT67 '>?@A.(Jacobsen, 003) =9B 9%* I;= );* C)>;8$ IJ ($+, ), 8<A e= )* 8 9B am= )!)>8$ '>;8$ ;();A=* ;+ ICT ;0, b;f= );* );!);! C<!>;K ($+, );H$ $;A ;!, );q=d )=`;87!A A o=*<a < $3 </t$?$/ s </t$?$/ ;(c!;"8 ;( u!;8 E; C8 )!#. )>8$ IJ ($+,!+* );/=D ;* C;5<; )* o8 ICT F@8 f ih CIf!= C?$ * \8A ;(VD!;+* A!"( <0A L)A=* c!"8 vf )>8$ IJ ($+, 9`!;8!;"A \8!A ICT )* <*!8 * <=A (<+A w3 (88 M ;?$ <;, * 6RA QA$ <8* 'AM!, >?@A CV$,.,<= -!. 67 $A 9Bam= >?@A Eq( 8 )!# $K $+, F@8 ;( *;*.;8 );!)>8$ ($+, M!, )>8$ IJ ($+, ICT b;f= x8 * Eq( 9%* a$%`a * VD gl= '@*?$ <, bl ;#6 <8* CNA$H N8'>8$ B VD V$ MA '>AH ICT c%a Cx8 E *.8 ( LyJ "* )>8$ IJ ($+,?$ <, * ICT I;J \Y!A ($+,?$ <, <=AM 9M* )>?@A E ';=$= ($;+, ;?$ <;, ;* ICTX0!YA (W3B 67 )84A )>8$ ;* ;A VD M z; $;B<;A );y ;e= <=A C!*.8 9B <8* \Y!A ;"` IA D* Ckf4 (9 IA )A C#<A $K <*m >?@A.$B<A)y #)m!= %= Z!=!M8 $8C4 <;!H ;();K <A; 9!;"# p$4 V;%H );, ;8 );=$# )* +* NA$H * VD 67 8 )!B I= )* -!. ;H ;8);* ICT.;8 < )>AH )* VBQ IJ 8)* MA

4 / 680 ;"* %;" VAD$H)* \8 9, M* +* <#=M ()AM'( $3 ;8 ;# ; g ICT.8 `!A ( 8 * E.8 9B 9;( );* ;-!. ;(b;y* ';( V;AL( k; ;#67. ), Q;, $;. ;"* <H$;A ;=$ <A ICT < +.(Grossman, 99) D<A c!;"8 ; );!# (,B '?A g0 as M) L)( ), M= 9 )* -!. ;! ICT ;(9; CE; ;* 9o( (()=3, <!A );, ;= b;= (<#u a ICT p$-4a.(quah, 00) = b= )B.8 VDM* <;8* );* (<#u M <jh'0k V$=c%A %=<*!"# ;"* Vff4A CICT M* (<#u )* )H$ * C)!B# '( <=;ff4a.;!3 X;0!YA ($;+, -!. B 9%* * E 67 M ICT );, ;= V;+= $3 kf4 (000) 3 * 0 (005) =A f!>a Vff4A E. -!. B * <>A 6 -!. <, * 67 k ()L( $B<A 4A (95* E* w* < ()/B $H V* ), =$* p;* A3 $= $A $H"H DNH C(`8 )* {$*A ;,<;A N; /+A E '( < ()/B ), 8 <?J E.<A ;(9;5* <(M;* bl; r;* (<A b(, m (?> ()L( V;A <;=$ bl; k M ()/B E.=$B<A -!. X0!YA (by*.;(<a b(, -!. (95* E* $H$A ()0K 5/ * {.* b(;, C ;-!. ;();L( b(;, k; M< b(;, '@;8);* ;H (M* m C(M*.$;B<;A ;-!. <;, bl; r;* <; ()/B #)A8 (MA!"# (95* 4A ;(V;H bl ()0K bl; k M ()/B E.= 9%* B * M 67 < ()/B W;-Y C;, ;= ;-4 C;(W-Y C(%A F@8 bl <> <, =$;;B<;;A ;;ma 9;;%* bl;; );;* <=AM;;8 };;K ;;?$ Q;;A$ ';;%* W3B ICTj!A * 9 C)!#$K >?@A M <3*.(Roeller et al., 00). General Purpose Technology. Vu 3. Barry and Triplett

5 68 34'(%) *+,)-. /0) $.!& ICT!"# $%!& ;8 9;B 9D ;-!. ;/0 ;* ;#67 ;(j!a ~L;H L= -!. MD ;(W3;B67; ;* 9;L= kf4 E.(Garbacz and Thompson, 004) '>;8$ I;J ($;+, ;?$ <, * -!. MD W3B 6 CICTX0!YA.B ($3 <8* \Y!A M;A Q;04!A; M?$ <, #9M= * ChJ kf4 g;!a );* E;Y ;(IA E?.8 9B 9`!8 (SFA) <- <;0, 9;# );* g;!a.=, }@A977 I8 B Ip C5.$B<A c"f <- (MA E>A (MA ;?$!;+A c%;8 اد );L( M;A g; ;(95* '( CE>A (MA.$;B<A 9 "= 95* <, /0 )*!+A?$ MA M 95* j )=$#( ;/0 );, ;#<;= ;e= V/A E (95* '( E* E>A!+A MA Mo;8 9;5* I!, M 3 va, ), #. <0A$ E/A 95* $3 I!, M 3 QA$ 8 g 67 4 )/ Eh 95* $ma E Iy; >;h M!;"( 9;5* I;!, ;4 L;= QA$ M <3* C. VV;+= ;* CE;>A ;(MA $;A.8 95* X>h /0 \8 )* E/A ;/0 6D (* c( i$3 c() L=* ( $B 6D Q, NH );h I;A )* )0H g CVD I!, 4 QA$ $A 95* X>h ';( );, ;8<A e= )* ( C$B<A 9 <,= V$ \, E )* $B<A ;@3 ;=A <;(@3 $;H V;/A Q? )*.B= <,= (V+= \, E ;(@3 $;= E; E;* V;+= Q;. L; IA QA, E!= F- #9M= E*;* o(forsud et al., 980) 8 $A $H C<,=.=$;B<;A ) <- MA (IA '=$!+ (Ip!8 E 9;B Q/;+ ~LH ), 8$K E )* <- MA IA <0K E;* M;A <;- ;j \;H$A);, <!8 Vf!A ~LH g:8 9;5* I;!, M 3 <- ( $B 6D $B<A (95* );* "= <,= 6D ), 8 )@/ Vf!A s <,= ~LH g #<A*. Stochastic Frontier Approach. Aigner, Lovell and Schmidt

6 / 68 );* <- (MA.(Kurn bhakar and Lovell, 000) (<A V+= <- MA.<- 'L( (MA <-?$ (MA:=$B<A c"f by*.;8 <;-?$ N* M 9`!8 < <,= ~LH EY i vi u i ( ) y = f x, β * e i $O /0),6!4 * <>. g :B$= E V$ <A <-?$ MA IA ( β ) v i ';0H ~L;H.;8?$ MA E <- by* f x, * e i ), $ )* 67; );, ;8(I;A= N;M$ vp$;>a) V;f!A ;(N;M$ <3* <L5;H $;B<A \H$A #<A* <- ( $B );@/ <; <;,= ~L;Hu.;, j (95* E* f ( x i, β )E>A by* e u i e u i <;, VL;A ;8[0 ), <H ] 8[0 u i + <>] (;+A ';( );, 8 E,EA7 0 u i + {B.8 ai 95* < ), $B<A.(Forsund et al., 980) =#<A. <-?$ MA M ;* ;* <;, C?J E.=9B NM$ Qf!"A $ )* v '0H E;.$;B ;#9M;= y y i ;"= ;H );* i "= v i f ( x, ) f ( x i, β )* e i β <#;8 );* C!;"( 9;5* I;!, M ;3 ), CI!3 5 N*A M <,= C$K u ;* V$ <A (NM$ $= M <3*.(Aigner et al., 977) $B <A L!A ;[v u!;+a N;M$ *] MLE M 9`!8 * z 8 # e= ';( I;A E., D* IA[u E5=A * A M }K] MOLS )! j!"# %H M < >* L= 9B 9`!8 $A M "* )!B#!;"# Cu * <A$ <>M$ ()h QAB (+!"# E.8 )* CIJ.8 9s p>a (c!"8 EY Eq( )L( N*$ )* t$?!a () LH.cM<A <,= ~LH * Z IA F+

7 683 34'(%) *+,)-. /0) $.!& ICT!"# $%!& (99) $0). P& */4 );, ;=, %+ <f`0 (9 * <- MA?$ N* g <?$, z!* V;AM < cea $K )* =$B<A NM$ N@fA IA= $K )* <- (j!a ( ) it it it it :8 M $K )* IA E.,<A j y = x β + V U i =,,..., N t =,,..., T ;* ß ;(9;5* (9%= M <=$!8 * ( 0 ) h iid. N, δ V it i ) N;M$ 8 <- j!a ( ( ( ))) U = U exp µ t T :M'@*.8 a 95*?$ () VD ),.8 )!3B= (!A j!a M Qf!"A ), 8 ; ;8 ;?$ < <,= 5=* <`A s Qf!"A <- j!a ( 0 ) );, ;8!A;η.;8 iid. N, δ U g; Q.;J ;* <=;AM;( N@fA ( * C$5? E (3) `K N@fA iid NM$ $B<A.$B 9M EY * <;>@fa <=;AM ;8 ;(9 \;, $;h$a E;.B* )!B $H 9(+A $;B<;A );!# ;, );* V+ ), <(95* )!? od ($Y= $H )* <0/+A <;8A ;(E;Y $;K E; M CB* )!B < `!A ( =.D<= 8 )* Q (995) $0). P& */4 9`!;8 );0JA g; MC(98) <;? e= <*m >?@A M <3* $;B<A 9M EY <, VLA <- MA N*$!* ),\ E )* o8 9B ;/?A >;h C<!A ()*m =A <(j!a * 9B <*b <, z 8 g; X;0!YA ;(9;5* <;, ;` $;H Qp $B<A V$8# 9s E;Y A AD<A e= )*\8A (A EY E.$B WY+A >K ;M o ˆ.; E;Y '0JA ( <,= ~LH If!8 * )0JA. Battese and Coelli. Pitt and Lee

8 / 684 M Qf!;"A I';0JA E;Y 9;5* <,= 6D ), 8 9B >?@A!+* D* (<,= a '0JA ), <?J C=9B NM$ IA=)= $K )* c( N;M$ I;A= $;K );*);, $B<A 8 9B M* <4h$ (j!a (99) E,$;# g;a $;# C,;%A,.;=)!;"* <4;h$ (j!a )* 9B ;* M;A N;*$ IA (VD.=, O* Q/+A E(99) E"=$!8 +` ;@3 ~L;H WY;+A ;(j!a * M <-Y+A N* $K )* U <,= '0H <?;A (995) <?$;, z!*.(battese and Coelli, 995) =, %+ <- VD );, ;` E; * C=, )y (99) E,$# ga $# C,%A, IA I>A $;K E; );* <?$;, z;!* IA K$-3.B* MmA <f`0 (9 M 9`!8 ( ) y = x β + V U i =,,..., N t =,,..., T it it it it ( 0 ) iid. N, δ V NM$ * <- (j!a V i.=9b X> v. β X it, Y :8 N;M$ );, ;8 ;?$ <; <;,= 5=* <`A s <- (j!a :$K E. N ( M it, δ U )$K)* `K N@fA IA= Qf!"A M it = Z D it (<A * g <, ), 8 P* Z it (4) (5).$B 9M EY * ), 8!A* $&!7 (0T4 ;3 F@8 >?@A )!8 )*?$ <, * ICT 67 * $H$A * (;J ;?$ <;, ;!* C);!#$;K ;>?@A.$;B<;A c;"f V, <;, ;* ICT X;0!YA ;(W3;B 67; z ;8 9B #9M= 9=#c-.8 9B <8* <m8-!. X0!YA ( *?$ 3 <;, ;* ;-!. MD W3B ICT67 <8* )*(007) L,*# E"A. Kumbhakar, Ghosh and McGukin. Reifshneider and Stevenson 3. Thompson and Garbacz

9 685 34'(%) *+,)-. /0) $.!& ICT!"# $%!& <=;AM 9M;* )!)>8$ )>8$ IJ ($+, M )=$=?$ V;AL( $;);* ;#9M= SFA )* ($+,?$ <, (VD.!3!;+* );, V;+= );>?@A E; Z;!=.;=, <8*?$ <, * ICT67. <;>A ;[A 67; X0!YA (9# ($+, <, * ICT (W3B ;> ;=A ;(W3B M <3* E p /AD <fd ($+, M 9# $A ;*6 E`0 w3 V,!+A > )*{$*A W3B <`A 67 9( E`0 w3 V,!+A 67; <;8* );*(008) E/.B <, * [A 67 -!. MD W3B I;J );!)>;8$ ($+, M )=$=?$ <, * ICT $`= VLA j ;?$ <;, ';84A M z;.;8 )! <=AM 9M* )>8$.;8 9;, <;8* <;, ;* ICT X;0!YA (W3B 6 SFA )* <;`A 67; <;,= ;* ICT {$;@3 ;=A) *YA ($+, ;(W3;B ($;+, a; );, V;+= ()! #)A8 bl [A 67 A E ), <>A ($+,?$ <, * (=! )* <8!8 VLA *6 E`0 {$@3 C9( E`0 ;(95*?$ <, * ICT67 (009) V/( MAM==.,<A 7 ;* ;?$ <;, ';84A Mz;k;f4 E; (VD.=, <8* = 8 <!>K Z;!=.;!3 ;(9;5*?$ <, * ICT67 <8* )* *$ M 9`!8 5=;%H L;= V;. <;>A ;[A 67 (95* <, * ICT), V+= ;* ICT67; ;?J- #)A8 (9 M 9`!8 * (383) Z;!=.8 9, D* (I8 V, F@8 V -!. B b(u; E;q(.;= ;6 V; ;-!. ;B * j!a E ), V+= M 9`!;8 ;* I;8 V; );=3, N;K ),(384) 5 V; <!>;K ;?$ ;* ICT67 ), # )m!= E 8 9B am= Q= (9 >;K <;, ;* ICT ;6 <8* )*(385) V$h +A.8 <>A [A C<;, ;* ICT ;j!a ;6 );, V;+= Z;!=.;!3 V <$( A3 $;ea 36 I;8 <$;( A;3 >;K VD # #, )* A ), < $K Q;, 9;%* ;* ICTL;8 6 <8* )*(386) < J <=J.8 [A C$B. Repkine. Fernandez- Menendez et al.

10 / ;(I;8 )>;8$ I;J );!)>;8$ ($+, M )=$=?$ QA$ ICT;* <;03 ;#)A;8 ;[A 67; ;(V;+= Z;!= ),!3 003 $;g;= ;+A.$;* ;?$ Q;A$ Q;, 9;%* B * VD <00?E* (L8 );>?@A (I8 V%H ($+, -!. B * ICT 6(386).;,<;A ;7 ;, ;= 9;%* * VD L8 ICT [A 67 Z!= ), =, z=;`, VAM;8 $ ($+, -!. B * ICT 6(386) V/( 9Mm= ;B ICTE* ), V+= Z!=.=, )>?@A (I8 <A8 L= (389) 9M$4A. $H <>A $. )@* ($+, M 9# E -!. ;(I;8 )>;8$ I;J ($+,?$ QA$ Q, 9%* * ICT6 <8* )* ;>?@A.;8 9;, ;7 9%* * ICT[A 6 Z!= = "* L= 3 F@8 )!#$K =,5 */4 ;( M <;/ ), 9B 9`!8 <- MA?$ N* M ChJ kf4 ;?$ <;>. ;?$ E* ` 0C E.8 <, '84A * a$8a );, <;>A E* o$b<a E <- QA$ < <,= * VAL( $ )* MA < <,= Q? )* VD M <+Y* CB* )!B /0 MA?$ M!, <(5* # E;Y C<;- M;A N;*$.$;* ;($3 <- QA$ \8 )* 5 by* F;- Q/;B );* C <5!"* U <,= '`?RA NM$ Q/B )* )/ * 9 <,.8)!"* L= ()L( N* )?$ N* a; );* ; V; ga <0, <> a g $K )*?$ N* (Q/B E Z 9`!;8 $K C $+, E* >?@A A.!"( Š$0"= x# i, N* ;8 M <p;* MD ;H ;> CŠ$0;"= N*; V ga <0, <> a M ;6DE;Y M ;!, *;, ;`A ;(B* Z!= IJ E <A F@;8 <;, ;#9M= Cvp$>A.D<A 8 )* (9%= <L5H xfa ;(9;%= <L5;H xfa 6D '>?@ACG3 >K g <8* * 95* ;?$ N*; EY * I$>A <B x# i,?$ N* M 9`!8 8 `A. McFadden

11 687 34'(%) *+,)-. /0) $.!& ICT!"# $%!& <;, ;* X;0!YA QA$ 67 VAL( <8* * Eq( o8 $+, F@8 ;(I;A E; \8A E H M(995) <?$, z!* 9B IA?$ ~LH E!B= If!8) )0JA EY /+A 8 <- MA / Q? E( )*.(007 CL,*# E"A ) = L= (EY '0JA <,= M <;, ;* ICT 67; VAL( <8*?$ <, #9M= * )>?@A E <;> a; ;?$ N*; EY * 89B 9`!8 <?$, z!* 9B IA.$B<A $ea x# i, ;(9 ;* <?$;, z;!* 9B IA x8 * x# i,?$ N* :8 $K E )* Q= ( ) = β + β ( ) + β ( ) + β ( ) + ( ) Ln g Ln K Ln I Ln hc V U it it 3 it 4 it it it Q;, C)A;8 B= \ )* hc l, k ( 0 ) iid. N, δ V NM$ * <- j!a (6) (j!a <03 W?3=?$ g j!a ),.!"( <="= 'A8, = Qf!;"A N;M$ );, 8?$ < <,= 5=* <`A s <- j!a :c ( it, U ) N M δ U = δ + δ int + +δ mob + δ tel + δ efi it 0 it it 3 it it $K )* `K N@fA IA= E;`0 V,!+A > C=! V*, > \ )* efi, tel, mob, int );,!;"( (7) (j!a ), ;-!. MD <;0, W3;B Eq( *6 E`0 {$@3 > C9(.(<A $+, g?$ <, )>;8$ IJ ($+, M )=$= (9 kf4 E am= * $+, 44 QAB )>?@A E AD '=$=.8 9B DNH (I8 9;# ;!/=D ;*c"f x8 * ), 8 )>8$ IJ ($+, 9# M ;/AD p 000 M ; E; )=8 <03 W?3=?$ * )>8$ IJ ($+, CE;* C5;* CL;0* CQ;M* C;=# CV; C L=;= C$?;"? C9;Lm? C$, C<*$H fd CV. C;AM CE/;A $;%H Cz=$; C);, C;=L= C0 C CA= CV!", C)y$# C $?$* C=$" $* C;-A Cb,;A C p;a C<?;A C L?A Cp $# CE*# C, C0, CVA, C/!8,Cs CE 0 CI58. UNCTAD.x( C( C<!( C)y$#/= CA= Cz$A

12 / 688 M p;* )=;8 <03 W?3=?$ * )>8$ IJ ($+, ( 9# ($+,) );* );=$= ($;+, c;"f.=)!#. ( 9# ($+,) /AD p 000 Q;A$ <;, >;h ; k. <8* C)=8 <03 W?3=?$ x8 * C9# ($;+, );( CE; ;* VL; o,<a "A ($+, M )=$= E VD * 6RA C;B* g;l= c;( );* V+(9=!8 (9%= fa B* E5( \Y!A '=$= );, ;8 9;B <>;8 C);>?@A E.$* ($3 k. <>. <, (9M= );, ;8 ;, VB.=$B iy!= V$*E5( >A x8 * )>?@A $A ($+,.. \Y!A'=$= '>8$ IJ ($+, M a 9# V $+, M 9=!;8 V$ )* <03 W?3=?$ j!a M?$ <, #9M= * 9`!8 9%= V$ )* <="= 'A8, = > Q, C)A8 B= (j!a E; <`0!YA (W3B M ICT?$ <,= E* '@* <8* *.$B<A <$;= );* ;(W3;B E; M a;,( ), 8 9B <>8 )!? o$b<a 9`!8 )AM ;>?@A!+*.B* e= <=A by* ICTB}@A (<#u (V+=.;8 9;B 9`!;8 <;, ;* ICT 67; <;8* * (W3B E M C<*m ;(j!a ~LH L= -!. MD W3B ICTj!A * 9 C)!#$K >?@A 67; ;* 9; L;= kf4 E.8 9B )!# e= -!. /0 * #6 ($;+, ;?$ <;, * -!. MD W3B 6 ICTX0!YA (W3B ;(j!a M );0JA E; $;ea E;( )*.B ($3 <8* \Y!A '>8$ Eq( *6 E`0 {$@3 > C9( E`0 V,!+A > C=! V*, > );*) <;03 W?3=?$ IJ.$B<A 9`!8 -!. MD <0, W3B C, = Q, > (j!a )* {$*A (9 NA ;> C(;`= ;K ;( M );*) ;=! V*;, > C(000 I8 p *6. ;K ;( M )*) *6 E`0 {$@3 > (`= K ( M )*) 9( E`0 V,!+A );, -<="= 'A8 j!a )* {$*A (9 NA 9$* (009) <=%H g=* <;(9 ;8 9B X> I8 5 (`= p* Q-4 (I8 w8$!a $K )* MD <0, W3B )* {$*A NA.=9, DNH(00) <? * ), 8. World Bank. Barro and Lee

13 689 34'(%) *+,)-. /0) $.!& ICT!"# $%!& M ;J <=$=;.!38 =A <(W3BMM <5=A $K )* ),- -!. I;!, VLA C, = )* {$*A E=$. C E=$. C m E=$. C/?A $fj ;B=';84A ;*.8(009) Z!( * -8 9B X> 9s. Z; ;( M );,.;8 9;B 9`!;8 cy $H$A IA M </L 'A8 x;8 ;*.(Thompson (and Garbacz, 007;8</L'A8 B='84A ( δ ) K t = It + Kt c;mji I;>AI :$B<A)84A M'@*M</L'A8 B= IA E.;8at- t I;8 <;/L 'A;8 ;B= \; )* K t );*{$;*A ;(9.;8 %!8VLA L= δ t I8 #)A8 g;=* VD N;A ), 8(000I8 p *6. )*) W?3= *6 'A8 Q/+ 3 ;*.;8;K5 %!;8VLA )>?@A E Eq( o8(009) <=%H 4.8 9B 9`!8 (995) '84A M K 0 (8) ), )84A */4!UV W!& b;y* );, CV;, 3 }$@8 ICT?$ <, E* '@* <*m <8* ;[A';@* ICT ;?$ <, E* ), $* E 5=* CB }@A <*m >?@A I;J ($;+, ICT M 9`!8 LA $A < `!A f )!? o $H 5 ; V$; )* ICT )* (WSIS) < '>AH <=%H xh. $H )>8$ );, <?;J C5=<A )>8$ IJ ($+, V=%B <#=M `, ($%* Cc?8 id Q. M )>8$ IJ ($+, <!* (M= ), <=AM =f!>a <3*.B ($3 aa <#=M* L= 6D ICT C=$+= 9D* -4 B%* (IPS) E;B V" Cc V$AMD M (j!a <=A M V * 8, VB.8 F@8 (j!a <=A (V+= V$AMD Z!= 9B 9`!8. Heritage Foundation. Perpetual InventoryMethod 3. World Bank 4. Park 5. World Summit on Information Society

14 / 690 ;* ICT X;0!YA ;(W3;B ;6 <;8*?$ <, #9M= $ea )* <5!"( $H )* )H$ *.$B<A 9`!8 <?$, z!* a IA M?$ <, I;A ;% E;Y -!. MD W3B ICT (W3B E* (IH) p* =! V*, > j!a QAB I IA ), \ E )* o$b<a am= X0!YA V,!;+A ;> ;j!a QA;B a IA C(EFI) -!. MD W3B (IPEN) ;> ;j!a QA;B a$;8 I;A C ;-!. MD W3B (MPEN) 9( E`0 QA;B a;% I;A %= -!. MD W3B (LPEN) *6 E`0 {$@3 MD W3;B ;*6 E;`0 {$;@3 ;> C9;( E;`0 V,!+A > j!a )8 :8 9B )yih IA % E D* M QKJ Z!=.8 -!. $.!&!"[4,!Y4 Z& $DUC,.*/X IPEN MPEN LPEN EFI IPEN MPEN 0/ 80 LPEN 0/ 7 0/ 3 EFI 0/ 0/ 4 0/ 8 kf4 ()!:NA */4 W!& \8.*/X IA IA 3 IA 4 IA!A j!a 9# 9# 9# 9# 9# 9# 9# 9# β )*6 /36 (6/ 6/5 (9/79) /34 (6/) 6/5 (9/7) /84 (7/8) 5/4 (7/8) /48 (6/5) 5/93 (8/0) (β ))A8 0/73 (3/7) 0/594 (/5) 0/73 (34/3) 0/594 (/5) 0/503 (5/65) 0/544 (9/6) 0/673 (7/8) 0/536 (9/5) (β ), = 0/65 0/07) 0/89 (/6) 0/55 (0/4) 0/86 (/6) 0/494 (5/07) 0/07 (0/6) 0/34 (/) 0/54 (/4) <="='A8 0/96 /8 0/9 /8 0/93 4/9 0/0 0/5 (β ) (5/4) (-7/3) (5/6) (7/3) (4/54) (-5/3) (6/75) (-5/4) (δ ) *6-9/43 (-/9) 0/33 (6/53) -7/3 (-3/48) 0/33 (6/5) -0/474 (-/57) 0/49 (0/7) -/86 (-3/48) 0/48 (/3)

15 69 34'(%) *+,)-. /0) $.!& ICT!"# $%!& */4 W!& \8.*/XI4 (δ ) IPEN -0/076 (-/4) -0/007 (-6/6) (δ ) MPEN 0/03 (4/3) -0/007 (-6/6) 0/06 (3/8) -0/00 (-5/) (δ ) LPEN -0/45 (-4/9) -0/006 (-9/) -0/3 (-4/33) -0/005 (-5/6) (δ ) EFI /8 (/9) -0/03 (-4/) 0/67 (3/3) -0/03 (-4/) 0/ (/96) -0/03 (-6/) 0/7 (3/5) -0/03 (-3/9) 0/64 (3/5) 0/0 (3/8) 0/9 (4/38) 0/0 (3/8) 0/04 (5/) 0/0 (3/9) 0/097 (5/6) 0/0 (3/5) 0/985 (/6) 0/9 (/3) 0/985 (4/38) 0/9 (/3) 0/983 8/3) 0/009 (0/5) 0/964 (6/7) 0/0 (0/05) <, E5=A 0/907 0/93 0/94 0/93 0/84 0/97 0/905 0/863 (+A kf4 ()!:NA.!"( t AD "= L!= Q3 );, <($;+, C);>?@A $A <=AM <8* $A '=$= )* )H$ * M(9;# ($+,)!"( /AD p000 M E )=8 <03 W?3=?$ ;> (LPEN) ;*6 E`0 {$@3 > (W3B ICT X0!YA (W3B VA (;8 [A C?$ <, *) <`A 6?$ <,= * (IPEN) =! V*, ;?$ <;,= * (MPEN) 9( E`0 V,!+A > W3B 6.= <>A ';m!= ;* ;j!a E; ;A.8 <>A (8 <`A C?$ <, *) [A ;> W3;B ;6 L;= );>?@A E.8 #M8(007) L,*# E"A <;fd E; p ;/AD ($;+, ';=$= '>?@A ;?$ <,= * 9( E`0 {$@3 ;?$ <;, ;* 9( E`0 {$@3 > W3B <`A 67 'AM.8 [A )>;8$ I;J ($+, M <3* ),, 9B \0@A E )* * 9# ($+, ;? ), $V( M o=. < J CICT G$-3)* CX0!YA ( <; ;()/B $`= VLA!"# C8 9, V* $3 '>?@A L= (00). Roller

16 / 69 Ca;A ;!* E; M;8;H ;A )>;8$ IJ ($+, M <3* MD W3;B ;6.;= <; ;()/;B );* <;, b# (? (VAM8 <;>A (;8 <;`A C?$ <, *) [A?$ <,= * (EFI) -!. $;K );*);,);>?@A E; ;-!. MD <;0, W3B X> )* )H$ *.8 E=$;. C;/?A $;fj M ;J <=$=.!38 =A <(W3BMM <5=A ;89;s ;. I!, VLA C, = )* {$*A E=$. C E=$. C m ;"* (W3BM E'AM ), >!A (X>h /+A $H Q? )* E;C(Thompson and Garbacz, 004) $;H )>;8$ I;J ($;+, M \;h C9# E.= <`A 67 ($+, M 9# E?$ <, * W3B ;A ;?$ N*; <=;"= 'A;8 ;, = C)A8 (j!a * <Y.=<>A AD Œ4? M =[A p 000 M p;* )=;8 <;03 W?3=?$ * )>8$ IJ ($+, * MD W3;B E;q( ICT (W3B <A kf4 Z!= )* )H$ * L= /AD <0A$; V$; );* ;(W3B E E** o= <`A 6?$ <,= * -!. );, <;>A E; );* o=$;b<;a )!3;B ($;+, M 9;# E;?$ <, * 6RA $;3?$ -!. $A C8 9# E ~LH L= V ), Ca 9# ($+, );, <($;+, ;`# V$; <;A ;= ICT X;0!YA (W3B M <8A `!8 M 9`!;8 ;=$3* p;*?$ <, M = ICT )*!+* <8!8 ;A.;,<;A Q; ;, $K )* <="= 'A8 )A8 C, = N*A ($;+, w;b $;%* ;[A ;6 5=;* ;-!. MD W3;B \;h <`A ;* 9s, = )* {$*A E=$. C m E=$. C<=$=.!38 ()AM N*; <=;"= 'A;8 ;, ;= C)A8 (j!a \h.8?$ <, <;, E5=;A.;=<;>A ;AD Œ;4? M!"( [A A L=?$ E5=;A M a;% I;A ~L;H );* (IA'( )=$= ($+, M a 9#?$ ($;+, 9u );* C);=$= ($+, E Mo8 p* I 9#?$ <, ;= -4 C(%A F@8 bl %H <8A (88 * CI 9#.$B Y <=AM8 JK, <!A ( \", C,

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19 695 34'(%) *+,)-. /0) $.!& ICT!"# $%!& ($;+,?$ <, * *6 E`0 {$@3 V,!+A > =! V*, > E;`0 {$;@3 V,!;+A ;> W3B 6 <?!B <>A [A 6 I 9# );, $;* <`A ($+, E?$ <, * -!. MD W3B Eq( 9(.8 #M8 )AM E 9Bam= >?@A <3* * L= 6 E

20 / 696 &34 ;-!. ;B ;* ; ; 6.(383) `8 C5=%H.< )A 95+= C!, )?8 CV )=3, NK 9%* CV; );=3, N;K?$ * 6.(384) `8 C5=%H 5 CV -!. %+(u )A0- ; ;.(38) c#;b C<;. z;b ;h0 C ;J <;0.b=?$ +!= CVD (*, ;* ; ; 6 <8*.(386) 8 C< J $ C<=J -!. (b(u )A0- C $+, E* )>?@A:?$ QA$ Q, 9%* B.5-5C33CV Q;, 9;%* ;* ; 6.(389) $4A C9M$4A C<=;#M* )A;+(u )A0;- C\;Y!A )>8$ IJ ($+,?$ QA$.64-9C57 <;, ; #/* 6.(385) %A CV$h >8 C +A.4-C6CV -!. (b(u)a0- CV <$( A3 >K ; ; ; 67;.(386));8 C$;g;= >8 C +A ;-!. ;(b(u; )A0;- CV%H ($+, -!. B * VD (L C33 CV ; ; ;6.(386) <`@;-A C<;!>0 ;ma C<.D Ch C9Mm= C(OIC) <A;8 z=`, VAM8 $ ($+, -!. B * (ICT).78-49C44 C<=#M* )A+(u)A Aigner, D. J., Lovell, C. A., & Schmidt, P. (977). Formulation and Estimation of Stochastic Frontier Production Function Models. Journal Econometrics, 6, Barry, B., & Triplett, J. (000). What s new about the new economy? IT, economic growth and productivity. Brookings Institution.

21 697 34'(%) *+,)-. /0) $.!& ICT!"# $%!&. Battese, G. E., & Coelli, T. J. (998). Prediction of Firm Level Technichal Efficiency. journal of econometrics,, Fernandez-Menendez, J., Lopez-Sanchez, I. J. (009). Technical Efficiency and Use of Information and Communication Technology in Spanish Firms. Telecommunications Policy, 33, Forsund, F. R., Lovell, C. A., & Schmidt, P. (980). A survey of frontier production functions and of their relationship to efficiency measurement. Journal of Econometrics, 3, Garbacz, C., & Thompson Jr, H.G. (004). Economic Freedom, Telecommunications and Productivity: East and West. In: Unali, L. (Ed.), Asia And The West, The Body The Gods. Sun Moon Lake Publishers, Roma. 5. Grossman, G. M., & Helpman, E. (99). Innovation and Growth in the Global Economy. Cambridge: MIT Press. 6. Harold, O. F., Lovell, C. A. K., & Schmidt, S. S. (008). The Measurement of Productive Efficiency and Productivity Growth. Oxford University Press. 7. Jacobsen, K. F. L. ( 003). Telecommunications A Means to Economic Growth in Developing Countries?, In: Development Studies and Human Rights Chr. Michelsen Institute, Bergen. 8. Kumbhakar, S., Gosh, S., & McGuckin, J. T. (99). A Generalized Production Frontier Approach for Estimating Determinants of Inefficiency in U. S. Dairy Farms. Journal of Business and Economic Statistics, 9, Kumbhakar, S., & Lovell, C. (000). Stochastic Frontier Analysis. Cambridge England: Cambridge University Press,. 0. Northrop, A., & Kraemer, A. L. (997),. The Information Age: Which Nations Will Benefit?. Center for Research on Information and Organization, University of California.. Park, W. (995). International R&D Spillovers and OECD Economic Growth. Economic Inquiry, Pitt, M. M., & Lee, L. F. (98). Measurement and Sources of Technical Inefficiency in the Indonesian Weaving Industry. Journal of Development Economics, 9, Quah, D. (00). Technology Dissemination and Economic Growth: Some Lessons for the New Economy. In Chong-En Bai & Chi-Wa Yuen (Eds.), Technology and the New Economy (95-56). Cambridge: MIT Press,. 4. Repkine, A. (008). ICT Penetration and Aggregate Production Efficiency: Empirical Evidence for a Cross-Section of Fifty Countries, MPRA (Munich Personal RePEc Archive).

22 / Reifshneider, D., & Stevenson, R. (99). Systematic Departures from the Frotier: A Framework for the Analysis of Firm Inefficiency. International Economic Review, 3, Roller, L., & Waverman, L. (00). Telecommunications Infrastructure and Economic Development: A Simultaneous Approach. American Economic Review, 74, Thompson Jr. H. G., & Garbacz, C. (007). Mobile, Fixed Line and Internet Service Effects on Global Productive Efficiency. Information Economics and Policy, 9 (), Vu, Kh. (005). Measuring Impact of ICT Investment on Economic Growth, mimeo 9. Wang, T.F., Song, D.W., & Cullinane, K. (00). The Applicability of Data Envelopment Analysis to Efficiency Measurement of Container Ports. The Hong Kong Polytechnic University. 30. Waverman, L., Meschi, M., & Fuss, M. (005). The Impact of Telecoms on Economic Growth in Developing Countries. In: Africa: The Impact of Mobile Phones. Vodafone Policy Paper Series,, 0 4.