Fernanda Carvalho 1 Diamantino Henriques 1 Paulo Fialho 2

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1 Aerosol Optical Depth measurements in the Azores Fernanda Carvalho Diamantino Henriques Paulo Fialho Instituto de Meteorologia Universidade dos Açores GA Global Atmosphere atch MO orld Meteorological Organisation The José Agostinho Observatory, located in Angra do Heroísmo town, is part of the regional station GA network since. The very first global irradiance measurements in Portugal using conventional instruments and methods were done in this Observatory in.

3 Aerosol Optical Depth (τa,λ) computations τ a,λ = -(/m) ln( λ /,λ ) - τ R,λ - τ O,λ - τ HO m =./(cos(za*pi/.)+.*(.-za)**(-.)) mr=m*p/p vdo=./cdo(λ) τ R,λ =mr*.*(vdo**.)/(.e-.e*vdo**.) τ O,λ =ao(λ)*o*mo mo=./(.*(cos(za*pi/.)**)+.)**. τ HO =.*aho(λ)*(w+(.-w)*.)*m/(.+*aho(λ)*m)**. Aerosol Optical Depth (τa,λ) computations (Cont.) avelength (nm) xtraterrestrial const () O absorption coef. (ao) HO absorption coef. (aho) Precipitable water (w):. cm Total ozone (o): Brewer observed nearest value

4 Data acquisition and processing Acquisition system: DTK Integration: s (avg;std) Filter: data with: signal < night background (zero); signal noise: std/ avg > night readings (za >) should not be considered. minute AOD averages computed only with n >= readings

6 AOD( nm) - Angra do Heroísmo - AOD( nm) - Angra do Heroísmo - AOD( nm) AOD( nm) AOD( nm) - Angra do Heroísmo - AOD( nm) - Angra do Heroísmo AOD( nm) AOD( nm)

7 AOD (Aug-Dec ) - Angra do Heroísmo AOD () - Angra do Heroísmo AOD( nm)*time AOD( nm)*time AOD( nm)*time AOD( nm)*time AOD( nm)*time AOD( nm)*time AOD( nm)*time AOD( nm)*time AOD () - Angra do Heroísmo AOD () - Angra do Heroísmo AOD( nm)*time AOD( nm)*time. AOD( nm)*time AOD( nm)*time AOD( nm)*time AOD( nm)*time. AOD( nm)*time AOD( nm)*time Frequency distribution of AOD - Angra do Heroismo (Aug-Dec ) Frequency distribution of AOD - Angra do Heroísmo () AOD( nm) AOD( nm) AOD( nm) AOD( nm) AOD( nm) AOD( nm) AOD( nm) AOD( nm) Frequency distribution of AOD - Angra do Heroísmo () Frequency distribution of AOD - Angra do Heroísmo () AOD( nm) AOD( nm) AOD( nm) AOD( nm) AOD( nm) AOD( nm) AOD( nm) AOD( nm)

8 and - Angra do Heroísmo - and - Angra do Heroísmo -. Variable.. A lpha and - Angra do Heroísmo - and - Angra do Heroísmo -. Variable.. Variable A lpha.. Variable and - Angra do Heroísmo - and - Angra do Heroísmo and - Angra do Heroísmo - *Time.. *Time and - Angra do Heroísmo - *Time. *Time

9 Frequency distribution - alpha & beta - Angra do Heroísmo () Frequency distribution - alpha & beta - Angra do Heroísmo () Frequency distribution - alpha & beta - Angra do Heroísmo () Frequency distribution - alpha & beta - Angra do Heroísmo () vs - Angra do Heroísmo - vs - Angra do Heroísmo vs - Angra do Heroísmo - vs - Angra do Heroísmo

10 ; vs AOD( nm) - Angra do Heroísmo - ; vs AOD( nm) - Angra do Heroísmo AOD( nm) AOD( nm) ; vs AOD( nm) - Angra do Heroísmo - ; vs AOD( nm) - Angra do Heroísmo AOD( nm) AOD( nm) AOD( nm) vs V; U - Angra do Heroísmo - AOD( nm) vs V; U - Angra do Heroísmo -.. AOD( nm) < >... AOD( nm) < >. V -. V U - U AOD( nm) vs V; U - Angra do Heroísmo - AOD( nm) vs V; U - Angra do Heroísmo - AOD( nm) < >... AOD( nm) < >. V V U U...

11 nm Azores Cimel (AROT /Horta) P (AZOT/ Angra do Heroismo..... AOD.... Jan- Fev- Mar- Abr- Mai- Jun- Jul- Ago- et- Out- ov- Dez- Data... AOD: -- Angra do Heroísmo (P) and Horta (Cimel) Horta nm (Cimel) nm (Cimel) nm (P) nm (Cimel) nm (P) nm (Cimel) nm (P) nm (Cimel) nm (P) nm (Cimel) nm (Cimel) AOD.. Angra do Heroismo : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : :

12 Azores Terceira Is. Faial Is.

13 Angra do Heroismo Horta Horta CIML

14 ,,,,,, ind peed (m/s),,, Obs. P. A. Mónaco Junho (),, DIR,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, Rings drawn at % intervals.,% of observations were missing. ind flow is FROM the directions shown. DIR,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, TOTAL OB = MIIG OB = CALM OB = PRCT CALM =,,,,,,, ind peed (m/s),,, Obs. José Agostinho Junho (),, DIR,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, Rings drawn at % intervals. o observations were missing. ind flow is FROM the directions shown. DIR,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, TOTAL OB = MIIG OB = CALM OB = PRCT CALM =,,, ind peed (m/s),,,,,,, Obs. P. A. Mónaco Julho (),, DIR,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, Rings drawn at % intervals.,% of observations were missing. ind flow is FROM the directions shown. DIR,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, TOTAL OB = MIIG OB = CALM OB = PRCT CALM =,,,,,,, ind peed (m/s),,, Obs. José Agostinho Julho (),, DIR,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, Rings drawn at % intervals.,% of observations were missing. ind flow is FROM the directions shown. DIR,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, TOTAL OB = MIIG OB = CALM OB = PRCT CALM =,,,,,,, ind peed (m/s),,, Obs. P. A. Mónaco Agosto (),, DIR,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, Rings drawn at % intervals.,% of observations were missing. ind flow is FROM the directions shown. DIR,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, TOTAL OB = MIIG OB = CALM OB = PRCT CALM =,,,,,,,, ind peed (m/s),, Obs. José Agostinho Agosto (),, DIR,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, Rings drawn at % intervals.,% of observations were missing. ind flow is FROM the directions shown. DIR,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, TOTAL OB = MIIG OB = CALM OB = PRCT CALM =,,,,, ind peed (m/s),,,,, Obs. P. A. Mónaco etembro (),, DIR,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, Rings drawn at % intervals.,% of observations were missing. ind flow is FROM the directions shown. DIR,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, TOTAL OB = MIIG OB = CALM OB = PRCT CALM =,,,,,,, ind peed (m/s),,, Obs. José Agostinho etembro (),, DIR,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, Rings drawn at % intervals.,% of observations were missing. ind flow is FROM the directions shown. DIR,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, TOTAL OB = MIIG OB = CALM OB = PRCT CALM =, P Angra do Heroísmo H O R T A A G R A June July August eptember

15 ,,,,, Obs. P. A. Mónaco Outubro (),,,,,,,,, ind peed (m/s) DIR,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, Rings drawn at % intervals.,,% of observations were missing. ind flow is FROM the directions shown. DIR,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, TOTAL OB = MIIG OB = CALM OB = PRCT CALM =,,, ind peed (m/s),,,,,,, Obs. José Agostinho Outubro (),, DIR,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, Rings drawn at % intervals.,,% of observations were missing. ind flow is FROM the directions shown. DIR,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, TOTAL OB = MIIG OB = CALM OB = PRCT CALM =,,,,, ind peed (m/s),,,,, Obs. P. A. Mónaco ovembro (),, DIR,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, Rings drawn at % intervals.,% of observations were missing. ind flow is FROM the directions shown. DIR,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, TOTAL OB = MIIG OB = CALM OB = PRCT CALM =,,,,, ind peed (m/s),,,,, Obs. José Agostinho ovembro (),, DIR,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, Rings drawn at % intervals.,,% of observations were missing. ind flow is FROM the directions shown. DIR,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, TOTAL OB = MIIG OB = CALM OB = PRCT CALM =,,,,, ind peed (m/s),,,,,, Obs. P. A. Mónaco Dezembro (), DIR,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, Rings drawn at % intervals.,% of observations were missing. ind flow is FROM the directions shown. DIR,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, TOTAL OB = MIIG OB = CALM OB = PRCT CALM =,,,,,, ind peed (m/s),,,, Obs. José Agostinho Dezembro (),, DIR,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, Rings drawn at % intervals.,,% of observations were missing. ind flow is FROM the directions shown. DIR,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, TOTAL OB = MIIG OB = CALM OB = PRCT CALM =, H O R T A A G R A October ovember December Acknowledgements un-photometer and tracking systems funded by projects CLIMAAT (MAC./A) and CLIMAAT II (/MAC/./A) from ITRRG IIIB program. pecial thanks to Dr. Christoph ehrli from PMOD (Physikalisch-Meteorologisches Observatorium Davos).

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