The Iwakura Mission in St. Petersburg: Description of Saint Petersburg Foundling Home in Bei-O Kairan Jikki

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1 The Iwakura Mission in St. Petersburg: Description of Saint Petersburg Foundling Home in Bei-O Kairan Jikki Bannai Tomoko The Iwakura Mission is the last and the greatest of the six government missions during the end of the Tokugawa Shogunate and the beginning of the Meiji era. It was led by four great statesmen and revolutionaries of the Meiji Restoration, Iwakura Tomomi, the Ambassador; Okubo Toshimichi, Kido Takayoshi and Ito Hirobumi, the Vice-Ambassadors. In addition to preparing conditions for the revision of the unequal treaties, they tried to study the Western countries in order to acquire a new state vision for reborn Japan. The o$cial report of the whole journey Bei-O Kairan Jikki, written by Kume Kunitake described, except political a#airs, all the details of what the Mission had seen and experienced. From a cultural point of view, the most interesting descriptions are the non-economic ones, for the aim of their visits to industrial factories was only to learn how to make a rich nation. When they visited social or cultural facilities, they weren[t ready to think about them. One of these experiences was their visit to the Foundling Home in St. Petersburg. At that time, the social tradition of setting up foundling homes had not yet taken root in Japan. It is a very interesting fact that during the time before the Iwakura Mission, some wrecked Japanese seamen visited Russian foundling homes. After returning to Japan, they were interrogated by the 83

2 authorities, and the information about those facilities is found in the o$cial reports. In this paper by mainly reading the description of Foundling Homes in Bei-O Kairan Jikki and referring to other materials, we study the cultural thinking on social welfare, especially social childcare, of the Iwakura Mission. :

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18 Anihkov dvorec Ransel, D. L Mother of Misery: Child Abandonment in Russia. Prinston, Appendix p Troyat, H La vie quotidienne en Russie au temps du dernier Tsar. Librairie Hachette ?nciklopediheskij slovar; Brokgauza i Efrona, t SPb., str Ransel, D. L p

19 Annenkova,?. A. Golikov, {. P Russkie Ol;denburgskie i ix dvorcy. SPb. Mixnevih, Vl. sost Peterburg ves; na ladoni. SPb. Moskva:?nciklopediq 1997 M. Otehestvennaqistoriq:?nciklopediq Moskva. Puwkarev, I. I Nikolaevskij Peterburg. SPb. Sankt-Peterburg Petrograd Leningrad:?nciklopediheskij spravohnik SPb. Ransel, D. L Mother of Misery: Child Abandonment in Russia. Princeton Cole, J A Sudden and Terrible Revelation: Motherhood and Infant Mortality in France, Journal of Family History, London. Tilly, L. A., Fuchs, R. G., Kertzer, D. I., & Ransel, D. L Child Abandonment in European History: A Symposium. Journal of Family History, London. 101

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