! "# $ % &! # $ $ $ ' $! ' $

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)* Router Bridge Repeater Hub Your IEEE 802.3 X.25 ISDN switched-packet data stream is running at 147 MBPS with -9 a BER of 1.523 X 10... +,, (

. / "# &' ' ( )& * ) )& & +*# * ), - &..**)/ # %& ' %' %&.() %%),.&,.,& ) 0) 0)+ 0,( + %& 0) 1, 2 0' 1 23 4 & ' 4 % 1 2 1 '2 -

.33 )'. 95:::. 8% % 8 ;6% % # " +.6 3( )/ #3 %4 %. 0-. 4 ( (.() & 8. 80% ). # ) 8 &4 & (& 7& 4 7 7 3.6% 40 ).5 3(.< < % # % 7 % & ( 3 <' && 7 "# )' 7 9 0 = 95::: 95:::"#4<.. 1'2 8% 8 % % 8 8 ;6% % # 4 7 3.6% 6 % 4 1><"2 7. 6 <7 & 373 373?" <@ ; < <?83??? ;. ; 0. 0 # " % " > 8%" " 8 5

> "#? 4 " > :, "# ; ) 4 % 4 4 "#'"# A

. </ C 8D E'"# C? F = 6 F = 373 C? 12 < < 3,, "##'>)' )"G. # ' ) 3 ' B

3 7 < (<' % ( % % (( % ( 5 3 -<' A8? 3 = 4 #' &0 ' < & # # H

- # & > " % # %.. 6"% 8 / <? 8' '? 4 "# % ' # % ' "# 9

> L L 142 Freq. Wavelength 60 Hz 5000 km 10 MHz 30 m 1 GHz 30 cm 40 GHz 7.5 mm 100 GHz 3 mm @ J J 1K2 ' 4 A "# < 4 ) 1K24 + ' K ' I

K C K C K ε C K 1A:HA2 A 5 - HH ( : :I :9 :H :B A: -: :A : (: -: 5: A: B: H: 9: I: :: '12 B "# <'' "# 17<2 K K 1ε 2 #"# K A:HA # 18'2' HA1' 2#"# ' A: ' 1-:2 :

7? RS RL ('*'& &#5 C5D E6& #F EF B? B< B9 B B B 2 9 ; < =? A B RL / RS Rs +jx -jx RL ' " 1">M"%2 '.< "# #' 1' 2 4 K ' '& #'"%M:BN&:- '&"%OM:B &:- % & '& #' "# '"#

> K KMK K 8 8M:+ ( * 5 # >@ K % ' 4 "# 1 2 (

> %) KMK 8 8 41: 2 19: 2 ( * # & 2 '@% #)@ 12 9: ) 1 2 )@ 9: 1 2 1 2 # )@ -

> (AΩ KMK K> M(AΩ 8 8 ## 9 # @ (AΩ 1 A:Ω 2%12 6-9: 6 )@ ' A:(A A: 0 9: 0 + #' (A :: 5

0#.< 4. " " #" " " 4 M " 4 M " %" %7 % % (( " < Γ, ρ " > 4 "N&P ;N& ;6> %7 % ( % ( < Τ,τ 4 7 ;. ; < "12 1.Q2% 1 2 1 2#' % " 6" 6" A

"7. ) Γ. & M(:1ρ2 M V V M ρ Φ ρ M?'? Γ M Z > Z ) Z > N Z ) )* + 0-. M?'? M Nρ ρ " %&&' %& (' : ρ. : 0-. < >@ ' 1Γ2 " 4 1ρ2 K R 8 M: ρ M : K > K ρ K > ρ Mρ % "' 1 2" " K :,, 18%"%"28%" '"# 1Nρ261ρ28%" B

%<" N&P &C & 4 + Γ Γ " I: % N 9: ( ΓC ρ Φ : 9 B 5 ) : : N" &P. #)# 0 &,& KM: 12 > Γ M S9: ) Capacitive reactance Inductive reactance ## I: <P KMK > Γ M : <<" KM > Γ M : ) 12 = ) '0.Q ' 4 >@ # Γ 1 212% : R9: R 0 /% ' 4 # % & # I-:@ 70% 1 2% )% K ' 4% KR K K# 'A: :- &:AA &HARHA((A &(A # ') % & H

7 V 4 :, V <M Τ M V V 4 = τφ 4>1 2M (:> V V 4 = τ ;1 2M(:> V V 4 = τ? Τ 4T8 TL T8 T.Q T8 TJ T8 T.Q' ' ' 4 4 '.Q 9

>8 Sin 360 o * f * t A t o A A * Sin 360 o * f (t - t o ) Time phase shift = to * 360 o * f -+. 1 2 Time f 1 Frequency :, f 1 Frequency Time "-+. 1 '2 1 2 f 1 Frequency A '. @ 0 ' 1''2 6 3 ' I

<. " / 3 7 # # B ' # 1 2 % ',,:01.<2: 1: ± O9: @ 2 0 / ' (:

3 8 # #12M N6-- N6AA Time Time > Magnitude Frequency Frequency Frequency 0'1 2? (

78 # #12M N6-- N6AA Time > Time Magnitude Frequency 0-180 Frequency Frequency -360 >@0 9: 1 2 ((

.>7 0 + 75A6. "# N > 1? 2. 76. # # # > 0 2 @ > 1 2%.Q 1 2 (-

;. # ω ω ; 7 φ φ ;.12 M φ ω φ ω φ M -B: 6 O 01ω = 2 π 2 φ #.Q 9 ; ;.Q 1 2 & ; & 1 2 1 2 (5

3;./ 7 7 φ ω φ ω ;. ;. 4#& & ; /. %' ; ; (A

<Q. 0 %(1(&('2+. 1 2 1 2 3 8 M4 N(8( 4( M(4 N((8( 13 4 M8 N(8( 4( M(8 N((8( &3 8 M4 N(4( 8( M(4 N((4( M 8 4 8(M: ' ( M 8 8( 4M: ' < 4 1 2 # 0U K 12 #?' (B

Q%7/ @ 6 12 % & 0UK% % 4& 4 % ( % " :, %(( 7 7( " %( 4 ( ( M % N % ( ( ( M %( N % (( ( = ) 4 < @ % % 0UK % @ % 4 0UK % "# % 1?.2 @.%1.%2% ( %% %%,%, %%(("# 1%2 1(2 1(2 (H

3%7 4 % ( ( K : M % N % ( ( ( M %( N % (( ( % " :, a 2 = 0 > S 11 = Reflected Incident S 21 = Transmitted Incident = b 1 a 1 a 2 = 0 = b 2 a 1 a 2 = 0 S 22 = Reflected Incident S 12 = Transmitted Incident = b 2 a 2 a 1 = 0 = b 1 a 2 a 1 = 0 K : > a 1 = 0 :, % ( % (( " 4 ( ( +? % %( K 1 2 ( % '.Q %( ' > ( 1 2%(( %( %(('.Q %(' % 1 2 ( 1 %2.Q @ & # % 1 2 (9

?%7 <3 %M % ' %((M% ' %(M %' %(M%' -(3 (33 +( 3 A % 4 % %'' 0 @ ) %1' 2 (I

<. "" / C % C? Time Time Frequency Frequency 2B &. ',, 7 ' '>< 3 ' 1 2 -:

. " / / " # 3 # 3 G 1 2 &G 2 1G 2' 12 1 2 '12 2 1 2 12 12 % ' 4# % ' 6 1 2 -

/ %.. 6"%??' ' 2 4' -(

;. 4 :, +:.)8 " 3 8.,+ )8,E.F.8(8),8 EF,.%,,8 EF.8)808.8,8),+..+)8+. H 22 0 &4 = % C % C " C 76 '3 ' --

% +:.)8 4 " :, 3 8.,+ % % 3 (2 )8,E.F.8(8),8,.%,,8 EF EF.8)808.8,8),+..+)8+. H 29 18<)2 '?' 8<) 3 ' -5

%% +:.)8 4 " :, 3 8.,+ C C )8,E.F.8(8),8,.%,,8 EF EF.8)808.8,8),+..+)8+. H. 7 2; '&,,' % 1 2 B. 12 :30 1 2 12.Q 0.<.Q% ' -A

. 4+ I C L )& Test port Directivity = Isolation (I) - Fwd Coupling (C) - Main Arm Loss (L) 2< Q #'@ - 4 @ 4 142 ).@ 4. =.1 2M41 2 # <#1 2 >121 2 ' 1 2 ' -B

4..Q 1?<2 :.Q">M5: %' "> -:.. 12 B:.. # % 1 2...M8 % 2=..Q4.Q@ -H

. 4 :, 43 % 12 +:.)8 " 3 8.,+.8(8),8,.%,,8 )8,E.F EF EF "#.< < B%" <;3".8)808.8,8),+..+)8+. H C' C% & 6 C 4 C ; +5 0 1 2 "# 4## 4#M# >) ± # "# "#"% B%" <;3" >) C 6 C 7 66 C,I & C 4 4# 2? ' @. "#.<4 "# 1 < 2. "# 1J :30 L (BA;0 2 '. =B: B:HA. <.< &.< "#?' ;<.< ) >) 1>)2'"#,,14#2>) "#4# "#4# 3 1.<2 1.%72 ' 4# &4# #' 1 2-04# @ (BA;03 4# 1 & ' 2 ' "# 4# -9

." 100 Error Due to Interfering Signal 10 Error (db, deg) 1 0.1 N 4 + 6 0.01 0.001 0-5 -10-15 -20-25 -30-35 -40-45 -50-55 -60-65 -70 Interfering signal (db) 2A 1 2 (:OV ± W V W ' : 12B 12 '#' : :B -I 1 2 9: & I ) -I

6"8%7%, 37 % % " " "( 7 7( 7 7( # :, # :, " "# ( 4 "#( 4 9B #616"2 "#.Q 6" %0 6" %.Q %"# % 1(2 % 6" '"# %= % 1.Q20 ' 3 1A2 5:

76. 4 :, +:.)8 " 3 8.,+ )8,E.F.8(8),8 EF,.%,,8 EF.8)808.8,8),+..+)8+. H 6 6 66% 9 & 6 3 % ) 63@ )'?A::6 5

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

\7%8.( -:: 0-BI;0 0"# (65?9-A' (6-?99:' -65--9' "#*& - +*' 4:**I 3 & 4) )+%)+% 4J ;2B (7B-A(:5:A:;0 57(:;0 0 8 "# 0 0 J 8?2<'8?2< (7:30(:5:A:BH;0 0 % G ' 92 % @7 7R?' >Q%;747 % #' %<74<)36.<)3? R #' # 6 % ' > Q% ' "G. 3 "# 3 #= =66 6 6 =66 6 6 5-

\?%8 8 *& - +*#& ) 4:**I3 & 40 84J 8;B<8;B< -:: 0A6-;0 8 (6"%7A:HAΩ "# > ' ( 8 #G %"><8 8J 8;B=B8;B= -:: 0-69A;0 (6-65A:Ω Q G 8#'% < #)3 %&,?>9H:HA< B(HAΩ?(-5??A:I HIA:Ω 99?% "# %?'?> %?> 8 4 R A-;06"%7 A:HA? ' Q -9A ;04 'G 6 #==66 6 6 55

\>#G )%8 (7&E(F4 8;BB : 09:6-::30? = ) I 4 92A;92A< :0A::3015-IA26:: 09;015-IB2 4 ### 4 4%4< % '?=98,8 EF --;0 EF &?=;28,8?=AB8,8 -B;0 -A(:5:;0?;B) EF :;0& 9; % @ 6 3 = C 9H(65?6?%?>1?A:B?A:B(2 C 9HA-?6?%?1?A:H:?A:H2 C 9HI6(:6((?6?%7 7>1?9-B' A(-:2 C 9A:<71?9-B'?9-B A(A:2 5A

/? / <F??' ' - #4 > 4 4 '' 9< 4' /4? ''? ' ' 5B

3?3 1 2 1 2 = * 4 & 3. 8G Q. 9= >@ = % 1 2 % " 14#2.. 12 @ 7 5H

%3?. < :, ' 16"2 16"2 % 3 > 3 + 89 3+ 9? % &? ' '1 2 59

?< E F & SHORT % OPEN % LOAD 9A 12 " 1 2" 6 4 8 4 8 & ' 12 1 2 ' 5I

8?</ 7 C C 4 12 C- C (&4 1 2 C( C ( 1%)>2 % C C)K,8(,+%:,%,)"),:)K,:8L CQ ;B 8 ) 1 2# 1 %)>2% 1 2 4 3Q% 3<00?<Q><>4"4)Y4Q%?.+4 1 ' '2 % '?1?<2 3?<?< = C< C" C" A:

"=)73 "# "# 8?. M. %?.? % %? " M"? % M%3 % 3 % 3? " % 3 M3 % M, * &2 27& 2& %3M?.N?" %?% % 4(.Q 1 2= ; 4 ' K % % 4 1 '2 4.Q 1' 2 4 ' ' A

)7< : (: (:. &EF 5: : 0-. B: :: B::: 30 (::: ; % @ A(

7?< # Port 1 E X Port 2 a 1 " Port 1 Port 2 S 21 A E RT' b 2 a 1 ES S 21 A E TT b 2 b 1 E L' S 11 A S 22 E E D' A S' a 2 b 1 ED S 11 A S 22 A E L a 2 E TT' S 12 A E RT S 12 A EX' E D = fwd directivity E S = fwd source match E RT = fwd reflection tracking E D' = rev directivity E S' = rev source match E RT' = rev reflection tracking E L E TT E X = fwd load match = fwd transmission tracking = fwd isolation EL' = rev load match ETT' = rev transmission tracking E X' = rev isolation?% % % > @ +++ S11m E D S m E D S E E S RT E S E m E X S 1 22 ' 21 12m E X ' ( )( + ' ) L ( )( ) RT ' E TT E TT ' 11 a = S m E D' S E m E D S E S E RT E S E L E m E X S 1 11 + 1 + 22 ' 21 12m E X ' ( )( ' ) ' L ( )( ) RT ' E TT E TT ' S21m E X S22m E D ' ( )( 1 + ( E E S TT E S ' E L )) RT ' 21 a = S m E D S 1 11 + E m E D E S 1 + 22 ' S ' ( )( E RT E S ' ) E L ' E ( 21m E X S )( 12m E X ) RT ' L E TT E TT ' S E ' S E ( 12m X )( 1 + 11m D ( E ' )) E TT ' E S E L S RT 12a = S ' ' ( m E D S E )( m E D S ' ) ' ( )( ) E S E RT E RT ' S E L E m E X S 1 11 1 22 21 12m + + E X L E TT E TT ' S ' ( 22m E D S )( 11 m E D S ' E ) ' ( )( ) E RT ' E S E 21 m E X S 12 m 1 + E X L ' S RT E TT E TT 22a = S ( m E 1 + 11 D S E m E D ' S E S E RT E S E L E m E X S m E X ' )( 1 22 ' ) ' L ( 21 )( 12 + ) RT ' E TT E TT ' ;2 & % % % % % %> @ +++ S m E D S E E RT E S E m E X S 1 22 ' 21 12m E X ' ( )( + ' ) L ( )( ) RT ' E TT E TT ' S m E D' S E m E D S E S E RT E S E L E m E X S 1 11 + 1 + 22 ' 21 12m E X ' ( )( ' ) ' L ( )( ) RT ' E TT E TT ' S11m E D S11 a = S m E X S21 a = 21 S22m E D ' ( )( 1 + ( E E TT E S ' E L )) RT ' S m E D S 1 11 E m E D E S 1 22 ' S ' ( + )( + E RT E S ' ) E L ' E ( 21m E X S )( 12m E X ) RT ' L E TT E TT ' S12a = S12m E X ' S11m E D ( )( 1 + ( E ' )) E TT ' E S E L RT S ' ' ( m E D S E )( m E D S ' ) ' ( )( ) E S E RT E RT ' S E L E m E X S 1 11 1 22 21 12m E X + + L E TT E TT ' S22a = S22m ' ( E D S )( 11 m E D S ' E ) ' ( )( ) E RT ' E S E 21 m E X S 12 m E X 1 + L RT E TT E TT ' S ( m E 1 11 + D S E m E D ' S E S E RT E S E L E m E X S m E X ' )( 1 22 ' ) ' L ( 21 )( 12 + ) RT ' E TT E TT ' A-

< =%> 7. < = 1 2 1 2 4 12 12.Q.Q.Q.Q LOAD :, :, LOAD ;9 < 1 2 1 2 # 4 4 1 12 12 2 Q.Q4 1'.Q'2.Q ' 1.Q 24.Q.Q 1 2 A5

? <% :)+..8),8.8 +8 4 +., (:4 +., :, < ; 8")84.8 +8 < :,? Q " < SHORT OPEN LOAD :, # "=. % " SHORT OPEN LOAD :, SHORT OPEN LOAD 0 "=. % " < ;; ' AA

<%.. & # # O 6" E4 F - - %' % E 4 F,,, ) & # # SHORT OPEN O 12 LOAD %' 6" E* F % E 4 F ;< 6"1?2 %1?%2 6" ' 6" ( AB

"?'Q)7< G 9BEBBF :, #G ;? #G E?AFE<FE?AFCBB & 4 ) :, #G?E<F :, <.E;?F E?AF ()* + ρ 12 12 M: % & & G 4BDE;?@BB@BBF C9E49<F 4BDE;?4 BB4 BBF C<9 E@B9F (: ;= 0' 4'B >@ 1 2 9 1 2 @ ( ' ' 1 :::2.Q1:A92 ' ' 1:::2 :::N:::M :: :A9 B 5 (B5 4 4 1 2 @ @ AH

Q)7<N % & & G 4BDE;?@B2AF C9E4AF #G?E<F 4BDE;?4 B2AF C?; E@;F G 9BEBBF :, #G ;? #G E?AFEB9FE?AFCBA #G E?AFE2<FE<FE2<FE?AFCBB M::N::N:IM:-I B & E2<F -.CB;EB9F :, <.E;?F E?AF & 3-3+ 3- ;? >@ 4 : ' ' 1 2 ' (: 0 #' %":A (9B 1(:OV:'1 -(-6(:2N:'1-96(:2W2 : -(- 1%"M:A2-9 : ) N(A I N:5 5B : 1 2 A9

?'Q"< ">M5 1(::2 ">M9 1(B2 12 ) : CE:ρ ρ F CEM EBBFE<FF CM B 3 ;A >@ ' " 4 1.Q 2#' ±:(( % @.Q.Q 1' 2 AI

#3 "< %M 5 1(::2 :, E?AF <.E;?F > M 9 1(B2.Q > 6.Q= 1(B21A92M:(: > 6%3= 1(B219I21(::219I2M:(:, & & G @B<B@BC@B? 4B<;4 BC4 B?= 3 MS1:(:N:(:N:-(2 MS :H( MN:B: :BA %6.Q3= 1A921(::2M:-( <B @.Q.Q.Q0 @ 4'.Q.Q).Q '.Q 1:(:N:(:N:-(M:H(24 N:B: :BA :(( ± :9A B:

3 "< %M 5 1(::2 :, <.E;?F > M 9 1(B2 0" 4 1(B21A92M:(: 1A921(::2M:-(, & & G @B99@BC@B<< 4B9<4 BC4 B<? 3 MS1:(:N:-(2 MS :A( MN:55 :5B < @ 'B ' ± :5A ) ± :BH ± :9A B

#3 < %M -A 1:H92 8 & #C2;L :, E?AF <.E;?F > M 9 1(B2 ) : C(1 ± ρ ρ ) CEM EB=?FE<FF CM B 1(B21A92M:(: 1(B219I21:H9219I2M::9 1 :(:2 1A921:H92M::(91 :-(2 3 MS1:(:N::9N::(92 MS :(5B MN:( :(B, & & G B@BCM B9 < @6" 4? " < ' -A 5 1± ::( ± :(( 2 ) ± :(5 ± :9A B(

Q< 7 %M -A 1:H92 : 1-B2 %"M:A1:(5-(5 2 M9 1(B2 :, E?AF <.E;?F? M1-B21-B21(B2N:(5 M:-BB1(9H 2 3 MS1::BN:::AN::(92 MS ::I- 1:-BB21A92M::B 1 :(:2 MS ::9 1:-BB219I21:H9219I2M:::A 1 ::92 1A921:H92M::(9 ) : C(1 ± ρ ρ ) CEM EB=?FEB2<<FF CM B, & & G BB@B?CM BBA <2 4 ' : %":A1 '2 (9H : )1±: 2 ±::I 6" B-

<3Q 7<. %;<=>8?>3>@23"'. M 5H % M -B > M 5H " M :I M :(B 4 M ::. & :, E?AF <.E;?F 2 11m 11a D 11a S 21a 12a L 11a RT S = S ± ( E + S E + S S E + S ( 1 E )) 2 2 = 0. 158 ± (. 0045 + 0. 158 *. 0158 + 0. 891 *. 0045 + 0. 158*. 0022) = 0.158 ±.0088 = 16 db +0.53 db, -0.44 db (worst-case),& S = S ± S ( E / S + S E + S S E E + S E + ( 1 E )) 21m 21a 21a I 21a 11a S 21a 12a S L 22a L TT 6 2 = 0. 891 ± 0. 891( 10 / 0. 891 + 0. 158*. 0158 + 0. 891 *. 0158*. 0045 + 0. 158*. 0045+. 003) = 0.891 ±.0056 = 1 db ±0.05 db (worst-case) <9 0' ' 1±:A ±::A 27 # 1"%%2 1 2 ± 3σ 12 =?. M? % M? > M? " M? M? 4 M 12 M M B5

<3?' ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± <; 0 BA

" 7< % & <0 %( G3 3; 6 "?#: <0( 3?3 3; 6 "?#: < < Q '( ( %"(::::::30 %)7B::::::30 << >@ 4 ± @4 / @ 7 1 2 @ : +0 Q @ ± : @ BB

?<=?< C 8 -: 0BH;0 C?1A:Ω HAΩ2 C % C 0 ' 9A:I(< 55- + -7 "3 +- 5BI <= '"> 12?< 1 2 # 74 @ 0 74# # ' "#?< =#7<HHB-A(I((5 9A"# 9A:I'< 55-645BI' #?<=,, BH

?<>Q< 8? 40? 9?7 - -? >? ( ( 40 A? 2? <??<?<?< 4<>Q.4;?<' @ = C?<>?<> C5?<>.Q? 8?<>Q C '' '?<>?<> 8 '?<> % ' B9

< ρ & C @ ρ @ ρ :, )& C9B :,,.Q%312 %. 7<H%312 )4= # (9 7<H%312 %"=:B H 7<H12N12%312 %"=:A%"=(A 5 7<H12N12%312N%31212 %"=:A%"=(A%"=A <A.Q4.Q.Q 1 2 = (:1< N ρ 2 4 %"A1'2 5 +4 K 1ρ > M :2 R 5 % < 1 2 ' 1 2 BI

<4. - # #&#* - # > ' '17<H2 - # 4 > 1 '2 1 '2 - # ##4 > - - 1 2 :, =B #' & '' 4 ' H6B %3 ) 4 1 2 1 2 1 2 ' H:

%? 3 :, # 3 (( - (" :, -3.Q = '1%3 '24 '#' %3 7<H H-A H-A 3@ '.Q 1 2 H

"< < 49HA-9H(:9A: 7?< Q.Q 3 65 1 2 :, ) ) ) ) V<>WV3)"?WV3).4#U<>%?W V.7?""?3)8>W 7( ( % (7( %( -Q.7?""?3)8> :, 53.Q = 49HA-9H(:9A: 7.Q1 2 -A (5 9A: # 4 4.Q H(

Q < :, %'. C 02# C -%' C 0/ C 0/ C# + :, # +,#& # + =2 :,#&) Q )? = 8 " "( % 8.M>67 :#,#&,Q, @ Q.) 0 #( R #( H-

">1">2< %)> 1%)>2 ">/ ; '1 ' 2 Q( %)> Q =">152 ">O1 2 )=>"31>"32 "31"32.(/ 3 + =9 % '>@ ">12 '' 4 %)>">( %)> "> ' "> "> 1 2 #"# 124 "> ">' ' ">"> 5 ">O1,">,2)1 2>">1>">2>"31>"32 "31"32 H5

/??' # 3' ' =; ' HA

#% # % & 65 db ) 46 "& 4 ) " 4 6 ;. =< % ) ' & & & 1: 2 3 ' ' # 4 HB

)#3 % >3 G=?< 1(:-::0: 2 4 G2B 1(:@G 2 == 3 1 9HA- 9H(:? 7%2 4# Q. 1 2 1 2R R 4# 1 '2 1 '2R.Q 1' 6>2 ' 6 4# ' HH

<3 "#%#&' ()##&*'# "'+ :#&#% -*#,0.05,0,0 )#6*### 7*'###8 79 '23 4& '23 )#'#,-./0--(1 =? ' < R C 1 8%"2 C C C C C % ' < < ' <. R C C 3 73 136732 C 3 3 13632 C C ) 41)42 )' &1<7"2 1?832 1<<.#2 1?"2 H9

F >3 Input Match Gain & 2 Isolation Input power (R1) 2 2 2 Output Match Phase & Delay =A %%%( %( %(( # 5:9H> ;<3 HI

7 % ;< )71 2 < > 1M 2 471 2 % Gain (S21) Output power (B) Input power (R1) ) 7 Input power at 1 db compression point (-17.15 dbm) G?B 3 7 % @,, Q 41 2 4 O 1 @2 1%(6"2 FHA < O 1 2 9:

373< + - + 7 3 1 2 31 2 :, 3 1 2 313 2 73 1 2 %. % 4 % )C %E F %E F EF 73 1 2 )". 317 2 N ) Phase (S21) % 4 % CB=9 % % &? 373 1732 1324 73 Z3 373 12 1?"2?' #3Z7%Y BZ3?" 373?" 46Z 373>@ 373 #B5Z3 1 2 373 ' 1 6 2 373 %(12 373 1 2 "#. 373 9

% 0. 2*#; & #*#;& fo fo 2fo 3fo... 3 % ' >? 1< 23 1( - *2 < 12(( 1(2- - 1-2*# \ ) % 3'<1%3<2 # 5:99%03 #)3 1#)327 7>1?9-B'?9-B A(-:2 "#?1?A:H:?A:H2 9(

4.F ( " f1 f2 f1 2f1 f2 f2 2f2 f1 "# # " 3 % ' Combiner LPF Isolator * +?2 4 143.2 < # ( ( =N( M:±±( (( (F (& ' % 43. ) \ '?%;7%; > 4 \43. ) 43.((( (F ( ' ' <) #)3 \ ) 41)447-2 R 47-1 2M712N] V712F '^71((271((2_W 4'47-1 2MI-N] VI-F 15-:2WMN99B # 5:9I4.3 9-

3'< 3<> & RF IF LO & && && Conversion loss db = 10 log Function of LO power mag(f in ) mw mag(f out ) mw & Conversion Loss Conversion Loss A A IF RF LO f IF RF LO f Swept IF Fixed IF?9 ' 4 < < < ' ' >) "# >) 4# ' & 4 >)"# '4# "# 4 4# 4#' >) "#4 >) & "#4.Q 95

%3'< 3% C' C C0 C" ( GPIB DUT LO -)#' * GPIB Power meter?; %3'<1%3<2 %1 2 6 %3< ( 4 = (=47Q )Q7Q.Q 8 # R 5:93'3Q#< 5:9(3'<> ;.3 < 5:9-3 <Q#< 5B-B3'3Q#)3 5B-H3'<>3 9A

3'< <7 phase reference plane #' &#%' 0*# 0<# φ => >=> φ => >=> t t Remember: Phase is a relative measurement Must be made on two signals with the same frequency?< 4 '% " >) > >) >) 4'1 2 12) 12 ) 4 <-A 9B

83'< C3 C" ',# = 1? 71 71 71 =1? %& '(" OPEN SHORT LOAD =DE = '6 1%%(( D<(E2 2= '6 b2 LOAD OPEN SHORT?= 83'<183<2 %3'< 83< 4= '6 D'E' '1 28 ' # R 5:93'3#< 5:9(3'<> ;.3 < 5:9-3 <#< 5B-B3'3Q#)3 5B-H3'<>3 9H

3 < )/ + * ), %"-. Conversion loss (db) % ) % *?? %3'< "# (: "# I5 :5;0 4#-5 55;0 >)-;0 5:: 5 ;0 (:: 4# :::0 7%; >) N: ' 5) ;0 & ( :A 4 ( ' 83'< ' ' 1 24 ' '0 ' ' 1 2 8 < 99

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3 3 7 S11 S 21 S 31 S 41 <4 S12 S 22 S 32 S 42 S13 S 23 S 33 S 43 S14 S 24 S 34 S 44 Vdiff A, B V1 = * Vcomm C, D V 2 + 1/ + +" + 11"" 11" 1"" 1" <4 & 11" 11 1"" 1" 1" 1 "" " 1" 1 " A2 ' % '.Q C3 C % C 4%' I-

3' %3?'. = = 7 ) &= 1 > 1 ) 1 ) 7 ) A9 B' %' 5'5 % ' % % % (( % ( ><>1> <>2 ><>1> <>2 4><> ><> ><> ><> % % ( # R -H-(<.< -H-A 3?'=%# -H-B 3?'= -H-H 3?'=. I5

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3.?=;2"2A CH1 S 21 log MAG 10 db/ REF 0 db 1_ -1.9248 db log MAG 10 db/ REF 0 db 1_ -1.2468 db CH2 S12 839.470 000 MHz PRm Duplexer Test - Tx-Ant and Ant-Rx Cor 1 1 8J 8;B=' 4J ;2B 3 = #&#&.Q & & 1 '2 # 4 ;B =; 1 2 Hld 1 880.435 000 MHz PASS?=B;B8%&, 8;BA%&, PRm Cor 2 Hld PASS CH1 START 775.000 000 MHz CH2 START 775.000 000 MHz STOP 925.000 000 MHz STOP 925.000 000 MHz B2 0 1 2-5.Q.Q.Q "# '.Q % 9HA-0-I '??A:H' (-5# 57> 1A(-:2< A: HA ' @ #R,,,,,,,, :-

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< 0-5 -10.7: 2# Amplitude (db) -15-20 -25-30 -35-40 -45-50 -75-50 -25 0 25 50 75 Azimuth (deg).7: 2# -' NEARFIELD SYSTEMS INC.?,: NSI2000 12 #), B 7 4 9H(: 77 = # = 7(B9H(: 7I%9H(:-:% (4 = -Q = 5#= (5 9H(: 7' 9H(: ) 7 (:9H(: %=# 7 9H(:0 7 :

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Q 7 < / C# )- & & F "# F ) F 3 1 '2 C)- & :, F 0 F ) F 7 CDMA Power Amplifier module 4.0 x 4.0 x 1.1 mm package 28.5 dbm linear output power 2 "# "# < #' )' Q 1Q3)72 = C & C C C < Q3)7 3 < #' < 1 2 < \ 8,, 7 "# -

87 "#3 7 )7) 8)72 /:,#'+ 6 16 7 7% % 2 2 % 6 16 6) 22 db deg? 7 2 9 & "# % 6 # % ' 7 1 2 7 43? ' # #' # 5:97 3 5

7 %33 C - #&7& F 3& F4 F 7DE F 17"4@2 )4?.'#%% #**# 1B+*# ; & "# 4 "# 1.%72 DE \ 7"# 9A: 7' 1 2 A

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% 0 ' ".7 Pulse Generators 7@. C + +%#(B' 33? C+? 06E & 2 &7.:, 1/ Pulse test set? ; 1 2 ' 17>>21: 302 7"# 4' '.Q1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 9

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