sajaro politikis dokumentebi POLICY PAPER SERIES

sajaro politikis dokumentebi POLICY PAPER SERIES 2018

saqartvelos sajaro moxeleta profesiuli SesaZleblobebis zrda gadawyvetilebis mirebasa da molaparakebebis warmartvis teqnikasi CAPACITY-BUILDING OF THE GEORGIAN LEADERSHIP COMMUNITY FOR IMPROVED DECISION-MAKING AND NEGOTIATION SKILLS winamdebare gamocemasi warmodgenili politikis dokumentebi Seiqmna proeqtis _ `saqartvelos sajaro moxeleta profesiuli SesaZleblobebis zrda gadawyvetilebis mirebasa da molaparakebebis warmartvis teqnikasi~ _ farglebsi The Public Policy Paper Series includes policy documents developed within the Capacity-Building of the Georgian Leadership Community (CBGL) project proeqti xorcieldeba SvedeTis saertasoriso ganvitarebisa da TanamSromlobis saagentos finansuri mxardawerit The Project is funded by the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency

samecniero xelmzrvanelebi: ekaterine metreveli kaxa gogolasvili merab kakulia vladimer papava valeri CeCelaSvili Mentors: Ekaterine Metreveli Kakha Gogolashvili Merab Kakulia Vladimer Papava Valeri Chechelashvili redaqtori: Editor: rusudan margisvili Rusudan Margishvili teqnikuri redaqtori: Technical Editor: artem meliq-nubarovi Artem Melik-Nubarov saavtoro uflebebi daculia da ekutvnis saqartvelos strategiisa da saertasoriso urtiertobebis kvlevis fonds. werilobiti nebartvis garese wignis arc erti nawili ar SeiZleba gadaibewdos nebismieri, mat Soris, eleqtronuli an meqanikuri formit. saqartvelos strategiisa da saertasoriso urtiertobata kvlevis fondi 2018 weli All rights reserved and belong to Georgian Foundation for Strategic and International Studies. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, including electronic and mechanical, without the prior written permission of the publisher Copyright 2018 Georgian Foundation for Strategic and International Studies

proeqtis Sesaxeb programa `saqartvelos sajaro moxeleta profesiuli SesaZleblobebis zrda gadawyvetilebis mirebasa da molaparakebebis warmartvis teqnikasi~ miznad isaxavs daexmaros saqartvelos mtavrobas martvis sferosi arsebuli problemebis dazlevasi. proeqti itvaliswinebs sasualo rgolis sajaro moxeleta da samoqalaqo sazogadoebis warmomadgenelta CarTvas politikis SemuSavebisa da molaparakebis warmartvis teqnikis dasaxvew praqtikul mecadineobebsi. es mecadineobebi moicavs ara marto Tanamedrove midgomebis danergvas qartul sajaro administraciasa da sajaro politikasi, aramed saxelmwifoebrivi mnisvnelobis sakitxebze sajaro politikis dokumentebis SemuSavebas. proeqti aseve xels Seuwyobs qartvel sajaro moxeletatvis martvis Tanamedrove midgomebis Sesaxeb codnis, praqtikisa da unarebis gacnobas. programas afinansebs SvedeTis saertasoriso ganvitarebisa da TanamSromlobis saagento (Sida) da axorcielebs saqartvelos strategiisa da saertasoriso urtiertobebis kvlevis fondi (rondelis fondi) estonetis diplomatiis skolas- Tan (ESD) partniorobit. programa xels uwyobs sajaro mmartvelobis iseti kulturis Camoyalibebas, romelic iqneba angarisvaldebuli da gaitvaliswinebs qartuli sazogadoebis sawiroebebs. garda amisa, programa miznad isaxavs gadawyvetilebis mirebis sferosi qartuli mmartvelobis SesaZleblobebis gazlierebas, rom gadawyvetilebis mirebis procesi gaxdes ufro gamwvirvale da iyos moqnili garemoebata cvlilebis Sesabamisad. programa aseve moicavs saqartvelos saxelmwifo seqtorebsa da organizaciebs Soris TanamSromlobis gaumjobesebas da saxelmwifo moxeleta SesaZleblobebis gazrdas, rata saqartvelo uket warmocndes saertasoriso doneze sxva saxelmwifoebtan Tu saertasoriso organizaciebtan urtiertobisas. programa xorcieldeba cxra wlis manzilze (2009-2018 ww.). ABOUT THE PROJECT Capacity-building of the Georgian Leadership Community for Improved Decision-making and Negotiation Skills is designed to assist the Georgian government in addressing its governance challenges. This multi-component initiative aims to introduce and reinforce modern management skill sets, proficiency and practice among Georgian public officials. The project engages directly with middle level public servants and civil-society representatives through practical in-service training in policy development and negotiation techniques. Apart modernization of the Georgian public administration and public policymaking, the project activities seek to deliver actionable policy documents on the issues of national importance. The project activities and the policy initiatives will be consistent with and supportive of principles of gender and diversity equality. The program is funded by the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (Sida) and is implemented by the Georgian Foundation for Strategic and International Studies (Rondeli Foundation) in partnership with the Estonian School of Diplomacy (ESD). The program will promote a likeminded leadership culture that is accountable and oriented to meeting the needs of the Georgian society. Furthermore, the program aims at strengthening the Georgian government capacity in decision-making, as well as increasing its transparency and flexibility in responding to the changing circumstances. In addition, this initiative intends to improve organizational cooperation among the Georgian public sectors and the country s interaction with other states and international organizations. The program is implemented during nine years (2009 2018).

sakvebi narcenebis regulirebis politikis srulyofis ZiriTadi mimartulebebi reziume Tamar ServaSiZe SimSili dremde aris msoflio masstabis ert-erti didi problema, Tumca, miuxedavad amisa, sakvebi produqtebis 33-50% iyreba. sakvebi produqtebis narcenebis problemaze msjelobisas mnisvnelovania yuradreba gavamaxvilot rogorc socialur, ise garemosdacvit sakitxebze. sakvebi produqtebis gavlena garemoze SesaZloa davyot or etapad: pirveli etapia warmoebis etapi, kerzod resursebi, romlebsac sakvebi produqtebis warmoebistvis viyenebt, magalitad: miwa, wyali, energia, aseve SefuTvisTvis sawiro resursebi da meore etapi _ sakvebi narcenebis nagavsayrelze gantavseba, romelta lpobisas gamoiyofa metani. miuxedavad qveyanasi arsebuli socialuri mdgomareobisa, savawro obieqtebi didi raodenobit sakveb produqtebs yrian da anadgureben. am sakitxs ar aregulirebs narcenebis martvis strategia da samoqmedo gegma. am dokumentebsi ar aris gatvaliswinebuli problemis gadasawreli SesaZlo RonisZiebebi, kerzod, dokumentebi exeba sakvebi narcenebis martvas reciklirebit, ardgenit Tu kompostirebit, magram ar moicavs prevenciisatvis sawiro RonisZiebebs. winamdebare dokumentsi ganxilulia is problemebi, romlebic sakvebi narcenebis araswor martvastan aris dakavsirebuli. yuradreba gamaxvilebulia sakvebi narcenebis prevenciis aucileblobaze, im SemTxvevaSi ki, roca prevencia SeuZlebelia, mnisvnelovania am narcenebis separacia da narcenebis ierarqiit gatvaliswinebuli sxva RonisZiebis gatareba. dokumentsi aseve mimoxilulia arnisnul sakitxtan evrokavsiris midgoma da im qveynebis praqtika, sadac dokumentsi ganxilululi problemis mogvarebis gza warmatebit funqcionirebs. politikis dokumentsi detaluradaa asaxuli ara marto problemebi, aramed ganxilulia mat dasazlevad aucilebeli sxvadasxva gza _ alternativa. sul warmodgenilia sami alternativa: 1. sakvebi narcenebis martva insineracia/tanainsineraciis gzit an/da kompostirebis gzit; 2. sursatis bankebis Seqmna narcenebis prevenciisatvis da Semcirebuli narcenebis martva; 3. status-kvos SenarCuneba. alternativebi Sefasebulia efeqtianobis multifaqtoruli analizit, erterti matgani ki _ xarjtsargeblianobis analizitac. Sefasebisas gatvaliswinebulia mati dadebiti da uaryofiti mxareebi. sabolood ki gamoyofilia yvelaze Zlieri alternativa _ sakvebi narcenebis prevencia, kerzod, savawro obieqtebis 89

mier Warbi an/da vadis amowurvastan miaxloebuli, Tumca janmrtelobisatvis usafr T xo sakvebi produqtebis kvebiti bankebisatvis gadacema. dokumentsi aseve warmodgenilia is aqtivobebi, romelta ganxorcielebac aucilebelia alternativis praqtikasi dasanergad. dokumentsi aseve warmodgenilia alternativebis kompleqsurad ganxorcielebis mnisvneloba da mati urtiertmimarteba. Sesavali narcenebis martvis problema ar aris mxolod saqartvelos gamowveva, ganvitarebuli qveynebi dremde cdiloben Seamciron warmoqmnili narcenebi da amit naklebi uaryofiti gavlena hqondet garemoze. bolo periodsi narcenebis martvis mimart sazogadoebis damokidebuleba Seicvala; sajaro struqturebi, arasamtavrobo organzaciebi Tu sxvadasxva interesta jgufebi aqtiurad CaerTnen sxvadasxva tipis garemosdacvit RonisZiebaSi, bazarze gamocndnen kerzo kompaniebi, romlebic uzrunvelyofen narcenebis utilizacias an mati reciklirebit sxva saxis produqtis mirebas. samwuxarod, umeteswilad yuradreba etmoba narcenebis separacias, reciklirebas da sxva saxis prduqtebis mirebas, narcenebis prevenciaze ki yuradreba naklebad maxvildeba. kidev ufro dabalia sazogadoebis, sajaro Tu kerzo seqtoris informirebuloba sakvebi narcenebis martvis Sesaxeb. magali- Tad, gaurkvevelia, Tu ra RonisZiebebs mimartaven savawro obieqtebi (restornebi, hipermarketebi da marketebi) Warbi sakvebis SemTxvevaSi. imis gatvaliswinebit, rom saqartvelosi 450 423 adamiani socialurad daucvelia da saarsebo Semweobas irebs, am sakitxis mogvareba metad mnisvnelovania 1. evrokavsirtan asocirebis Sesaxeb SeTanxmebiT, saqartvelom ikisra narcenebis martvis valdebuleba, ris safuzvelzec 2014 wlis 26 dekembers miires, xolo 2015 wels ZalaSi Sevida saqartvelos kanoni `narcenebis martvis kodeqsi. 2016 wlis aprilsi saqartvelos mtavrobam daamtkica narcenebis martvis erovnuli strategia (2016-2030 ww.) da narcenebis martvis erovnuli samoqmedo gegma (2016-2020 ww.) 2. narcenebis martvis kodeqsi aregulirebs sxvadasxva tipis narcenebs, konkretulad sakveb narcenebs ki biodegradirebad narcenebsi moiazrebs. narcenebis martvis erovnuli startegia da samoqmedo gegma sakveb narcenebtan dakav- Sirebul prevencias nakleb yuradrebas utmobs da arc konkretul RonisZiebebs itvaliswinebs. evrokavsiris wevri qveynebisa Tu sxva ganvitarebuli qveynebisgan gansxvavdebit, saqartvelos ar aqvs SemuSavebuli politika, romelic uzrunvelyofs sakvebi narcenebis Semcirebas misi prevenciis SesaZlo gzebit. 2015 wels gaeros wevri qveynebi SeTanxmdnen mdgradi ganvitarebis dris wesrigis ganmsazrvrel dokumentze _ `Cveni samyaros gardaqmna: 2030 wlis dris wesrigi mdgradi ganvitarebistvis~, romelic moicavs 17 mizans da 169 amocanas. me-12 1 saqartvelos statistikis erovnuli samsaxuri; saarsebo Semweobis mimrebi mosaxleoba; 2017 wlis mdgomareobit; www.geostat.ge/?action=page&p_id=199&lang=geo. 2 saqartvelos mtavrobis dadgenileba N160, narcenebis martvis 2016-2030 wlebis erovnuli strategiisa da 2016-2020 wlebis erovnuli samoqmedo gegmis damtkicebis Sesaxeb, Tbilisi, 2016; www.matsne.gov.ge/ka/document/view/3242506. 90

mizani exeba mdgrad moxmarebas da warmoebas, am miznis me-3 amocana ki konkretulad sakvebi narcenebis da sakvebi danakargis prevencias. amastanave, evrokavsir- Tan asocirebis Sesaxeb SeTanxmebis danartit gatvaliswinebul 2008 wlis 19 noembris evroparlamentisa da sabwos direqtiva 2008/98/ECE narcenebis Sesaxeb awesebs narcenebis ierarqias, ris mixedvitac upiratesoba eniweba narcenebis prevencias. arnisnul ierarqias efuzneba saqartvelos narcenebis martvis politika da nar- Cenebis martvis sferosi saqartvelos kanonmdebloba. evrokavsiris wevri qveynebi sakvebi narcenebis prevenciasi aqtiurad arian CarTulebi. evrokavsiris xedva sakvebi produqtebis narcenebtan mimartebit natlad Cans evrokomisiis 2017 wlis gzamkvelevsi sakvebis donaciis Sesaxeb 3. dokumentis mixedvit, upiratesi sasualeba sakvebi narcenebis prevenciisatvis misi warmosobistanave Semcirebaa, kerzod, Warbi sakvebis narcenad gardaqmnis prevencia warmoebis, gadamusavebis, distribuciis Tu moxmarebis etapebze, amis sauketeso sasualeba ki sakvebi produqtebis xelaxali gadanawilebaa. evropis rig qveynebsi, magalitad, italiasi, avstriasi, estonetsi, litvasi, bulgaretsi da a.s. sakvebi produqtebis donaciis politika warmatebit xorcieldeba sursatis bankebis CarTulobiT. kvlevis dros SeviswavleT rogorc erovnuli Tu saertasoriso samartlebrivi da strategiuli dokumentebi, ise sxvadasxva saertasoriso organizaciis kvlevebi da gzamkvlevebi. sakitxze zogadi suratis uket warmosadgenad gavesaubret sxvadasxva dainteresebul mxares. winamdebare kvlevis sagania sakvebi narcenebis martvis politikis ZiriTadi mimartulebebi da mis miznebia: 1. im ZiriTadi problemebis warmocena, romlebic sakvebi narcenebis martvis kutxit warmoiqmneba; 2. cnobierebis amarleba, sxvadasxva dainteresebuli mxaris metad CarTuloba; 3. rekomendaciebis SemuSaveba, rac xels Seuwyobs problemis mogvarebas. problemis arwera gaertianebuli erebis organizaciis wevri saxelmwifoebis mier SeTanxmebuli dris wesrigi 2030-is farglebsi saqartvelom mdgradi ganvitarebis miznebis nacionalizaciis valdebuleba ikisra. am etapze saqartvelos nacionalizebuli aqvs 17-ve mizani. mdgradi ganvitarebis me-12 mizani Seexeba mdgrad moxmarebas da warmoebas. is amocanad isaxavs sakvebis mdgrad warmoeba-moxmarebas da narcenebis generaciasa da martvas (prevencia, Semcireba, gadamusaveba, xelaxali gamoyeneba) 4. dres saqartvelosi sakvebi narcenebis Sesaxeb diskusia naklebad imarteba, Tumca evrokomisia aqtiurad aris CarTuli sakvebi narcenebis prevenciis Tu martvis politikis gansazrvrasi. garda evrokavsirisa, am sakitxze musaobs gae- 3 European Commission; EU Guidelines on food donation; Brussels, 16.10.2017; C(2017) 6872 final, 3-27. 4 gaertainebuli erebis organizacia, mdgradi ganvitarebis miznebi, dris wesrigi 2030; www.ungeorgia.ge/geo/sutainable_development_goals#.wowj0fswbdd. 91

ros sursatisa da soflis meurneobis organizacia (FAO), romelsac araerti kvleva aqvs gamoqveynebuli arnisnul sakitxtan dakavsirebit. gaeros sursatisa da soflis meurneobis organizaciis gaangarisebit, yovelwliurad adamianis sakvebi produqciis erti mesamedi sanam meurneobidan gadamamusavebel sawarmomde, sabi- Tumo da sacalo bazrobamde, kvebis obieqtebamde an Cvens samzareulomde moarwevs, ikargeba an iyreba. es is 1,3 miliardi tonaa, romelic 3 miliard adamians Tavisuflad gamokvebavda. arnisnuli kvlevebi arwers saertasoriso situacias da usualod saqartvelos ar exeba 5. 2017 wels evrokavsirisa da gaeros sursatisa da soflis meurneobis organizacia FAO-s xelmzrvanelobit, proeqt `ENPARD~-is farglebsi Catarda kvleva sakvebi danakargisa da narcenebis Sesaxeb. mirebulma Sedegebma kidev ertxel daadastura sakitxis problemuroba da masze musaobis aucilebloba. kvlevam acvena, rom saqartvelosi sakvebi danakargi seriozul problemas warmoadgens, rac gulisxmobs mosavlis areba/warmoebis dros arasatanado teqnikuri arwurvilobis, aseve produqtis gantavseba-senaxvastan dakavsirebuli sirtuleebis da, rig SemTxvevaSi, standartan Seusabamobis gamo warmoqmnil danakargs. kvlevis mixedvit, sakveb narcenebtan dakavsirebit monacemebi Zalian mwiria, amastan, dabalia kerzo seqtoris da momxmareblis cnobierebis done. kvlevis farglebsi ver moxerxda dadgeniliyo, Tu ra zomebs mimartaven hipermarketebi sakvebi narcenebis warmoqmnis Tavidan asacileblad. miuxedavad ganxorcielebuli sakanonmdeblo cvlilebebisa, sakvebi narcenebis martva dremde problemur sakitxad rceba Semdegi mizezebis gamo: sakvebi narcenebis prevenciisatvis ar arsebobs aucilebeli RonisZiebebi; samartlebrivi CarCo ar aris satanado; narcenebi nagavsayrelze xvdeba separirebis garese; nagavsayrelebi ar Seesabameba saertasoriso standartebs, saqartvelosi arricxuli 56-mde nagavsayrelidan garemoze zemoqmedebis nebartvis mqone mxolod otxia; dabalia mosaxleobis da biznesis cnobierebis done; arasando da mwiria statistikuri monacemebi. evropis qveynebsi narcenebis prevenciisa da SemcirebisaTvis mirebuli metodia janmrtelobisatvis uvnebeli sakvebi produqtebis xelaxali gadanawileba, mati gamoyeneba cxovelis sakvebad, aseve mati sxva saxit ardgena, mat Soris energiis ardgena, kompostireba. arnisnuli qmedebebit narcenebis martva Seesabameba narcenebis ierarqias da naklebad moqmedebs garemoze. es xels uwyobs satburi gazebisa da nagavsayrelze gantavsebis Semcirebas. 6 5 gaeros sursatisa da soflis meurneobis organizacia, sakvebi produqtebis globaluri danakargi da nar- Cenebi, romi, 2011. 6 evrokomisia, evrokavsiris saxelmzrvanelo dokumenti sakvebis donaciastan dakavsirebit, briuseli, 16.10.2017 www.ec.europa.eu/food/sites/food/files/safety/docs/fw_eu-actions_food-donation_eu-guidelines_en.pdf. 92

sakvebi narcenebis prevenciisa da martvis srulyofas didi mnisvneloba aqvs rogorc garemos dacvis, ise socialuri da ekonomikuri TvalsazrisiT. am Temis win wamomweva, misi sakanonmdeblo CarCos da politikis daxvewa win gadadgmuli nabiji iqneba saqartvelos kanonmdeblobis saertasoriso standartebtan harmonizaciisa da nakisri valdebulebebis SesrulebisaTvis, damatebit ki xeli Seewyoba mcire da sasualo biznesis CarTulobas. narcenebis prevenciisa da martvis swori dagegmva dadebitad aisaxeba sakvebi danakargit gamowveuli ekonomikuri zianis Semcirebaze, narcenebis swori martva ki nakleb zegavlenas moaxdens garemoze. saqartvelos kanonmdebloba, saertasoriso standartebis Sesabamisad adgens Semdeg ierarqias: 1) prevencia, 2) xelaxali gamoyenebistvis momzadeba, 3) reciklireba, 4) sxva saxis ardgena (mat Soris, energiis ardgena), 5) gantavseba. narcenebtan dakavsirebuli qmedebebi SeZlebisadagvarad unda Seesabamebodes dadgenil ierarqias 7. saqartvelosi sakveb narcenebtan dakavsirebit dabalia cnobiereba, amastanave sakitxs arc saxelmwifos mxridan eqceva satanado yuradreba. dreisa Tvis bazarze ukve arsebobs kompaniebi, romlebic uzrunvelyofen narcenebis martvas, mat Soris, sakvebi narcenebis. arnisnuli kompaniebi TavianT momsaxurebas stavazoben restornebs, sasadiloebs, kafeebs, Tumca mat momsaxurebaze motxovna Zalian dabalia. mnisvnelovania arinisnos, rom am etapze sakvebi narcenebi xelaxali gamoyenebistvis ar mzaddeba, ZiriTadad xdeba mati insineracia (Termuli ganadgureba), metwilad msrali sakvebistvis, ufro didi nawili ki dacalkavebis garese xvdeba nagavsayrelze. mnisvnelovania xazi gaesvas narcenebis prevencias, rogorc upirates mizans kanonit dadgenili ierarqiis mixedvit. aucilebelia saxelmwifos hqondes sakvebi narcenebis prevenciisa da martvis strategia, romelic Seesabameba garemosdacvit principebsa da saertasoriso valdebulebebs. sakvebi narcenebis prevenciis xelsemsleli faqtoria is sakanonmdeblo baza, ris mixedvitac savawro obieqtebi (hipermarketebi, marketebi) funqcionireben. ministris brzanebit dadgenilia gansakutrebit malfuwebadi sakvebi produqtebis vargisianoba saatebis mixedvit. magalitad, bostneulze dawesebuli vada 12-48 saats Soris meryeobs, xolo fqvileulis produqtebis _ 3-72 saatamde. 8 sakvebi narcenebis martva SesaZloa davyot sam etapad: pirveli _ sanam sakvebi produqtebi bazarze gantavsdeba, kerzod, danakargebi, romlebic aqvt mwarmoeblebs, importiorebs da sxva dakavsirebul pirebs; meore _ bazarze gantavsebis Semdgomi periodi _ vadis amowurvis an garegnuli wunis Sedegad mirebuli narceni da mesame _ momxmareblis etapi, kerzod ki, separaciis aucilebloba, sakvebi narcenebis xelaxali gamoyenebistvis momzadeba, reciklireba, Sedegad ki nagavsayrelze gantavsebuli raodenobis Semcireba. 7 saqartvelos kanoni `narcenebis martvis kodeqsi, muxli 4. 8 saqartvelos Sromis, janmrtelobisa da socialuri dacvis ministris brzaneba 303/n gansakutrebit malfuwebadi produqtebis Senaxvis pirobebisa da vadebis damtkicebis Sesaxeb, 2001 wlis 16 agvisto, q. Tbilisi. 93

94 am sakitxis regulirebas amartivebs sxva qveynebis gamocdileba, ris mixedvitac SegviZlia vixelmzrvanelot, rom ar davusvat igive Secdomebi. amastanave, qveyanasi ukve arsebobs narcenebis martvis kanonmdebloba, romelic evrokavsiris kanonmdeblobisa da narcenebis martvis ZiriTadi principebis Sesabamisia da, amdenad, evrokavsiris wevri qveynebis gamocdilebis morgeba saqartvelos realobis- Tvis rtuli ar unda iyos. problemis gadawris gzebi (alternativebi) zemot dasmuli problemebi mogvarebas sawiroebs, ristvisac ganvixilavt sam alternatiul gzas. alternativa I. sakvebi narcenebis martva insineracia/tanainsineraciis gzit an/ da kompostirebis gzit. iq, sadac ver xdeba sakvebi narcenis prevencia, aucilebelia am sakvebi narcenebis swori martva. amisatvis sawiroa narcenebis separacia warmosobis adgilzeve (wyarostan separacia). wyarostan separaciis sistemas aqvs ufro dabali sawyisi Rirebuleba da zomieri xarjebi centralizebuli daxarisxebis qarx nebtan SedarebiT, amastanave naklebad binzurdeba haeri da wyali, xels uwyobs narcenebis Semcirebas da sazogadoebis cnobierebis amarlebas, radgan adamianebi Tavad arian procesis monawileebi. evropis qveynebsi moqmedebs daxarisxebulad Segrovebis sistemebi, mosaxleoba daxarisxebulad agrovebs organul narcenebs, qaralds, SuSas da sxv. saqartvelosi nagavsayrelebze narcenebis ukontrolod gantavsebis Tavidan asarideblad aucilebelia daiwyos narcenebis separirebuli Segroveba. narcenebis martvis strategiis mixedvit, saqartvelo eswrafvis, rom gaxdes narcenebis prevenciasa da reciklirebaze orientirebuli qveyana da 2025 wlistvis uzrunvelyos narcenebis martvis kanonmdeblobis efeqtiani arsruleba, Sesabamisad, aucilebelia qveyanasi daiwyos narcenebis separacia. narcenebis separacia sawiroebs rogorc finansur resursebs, ise mosaxleobis cnobierebis maral dones, amitom sawyis etapze SesaZlebelia saxelmwifom amoircios samizne jgufebi, sadac sapilote rejimsi moxdeba sakvebi narcenebis separacia da Semdgom misi ardgena. kargi iqneba samizne jgufad SeirCes sabiujeto organizaciebi, kerzod ki, sastumroebi da restornebi Tbilisis masstabit. im SemTxvevaSi, Tu arnisnuli organizaciebi sakveb narcenebs separirebulad Seagroveben, Semdgom sakvebi narcenebis ardgena unda uzrunvelyos saxelmwifom. sakvebi narcenebis martvis ert-erti warmatebuli metodia kompostirebis procesi, ris Sedegadac marali xarisxis dabalansebuli organuli sasuqi miireba da bazarze iyideba. narcenebis ardgenis gansxvavebuli metodebia gavrcelebuli evropasic. magalitad, avstria wlebis ganmavlobasi kompostirebis metodis gamoyenebis marali macveneblit xasiatdeboda, xolo germania, holandia, belgia ki biodegradirebadi narcenebis insineraciis metods mimartvas.

mnisvnelovania, rom saxelmwifom sakvebi narcenebis insineracia/tanainsineraciis an/da kompostirebis sapilote versiis ganxorcieleba uaxloesi 1 wlis ganmavlobasi daiwyos, vinaidan narcenebis martva dakavsirebulia ara mxolod saxel mwifos mier gatarebul politikaze, aramed metwilad mosaxleobis da kerzo seqtoris cnobierebis doneze. swored amitom mnisvnelovania narcenebis martvis sxvadasxva saxeobis kampaniebis dagegmva, rogorc mosaxleobis, ise kerzo seqtoris cnobierebis asamarleblad. sazogadoebis didma nawilma ar icis, rom narcenebis swori martvit ara mxolod garemosdacviti safrtxeebis Tavidan aridebaa SesaZlebeli, aramed sargeblis mirebac. alternativis dadebiti mxareebi: narcenebis martvastan ertad SesaZlebelia sargebelis mireba energiis da kompostirebis saxit, sawiroebs ufro nakleb danaxarjebs, radgan insineracia/kompostirebis sakitxi SedarebiT cnobilia. mcir deba garemosatvis miyenebuli ziani. uaryofiti mxareebi: imisatvis, rom garemos ziani ar miadges, sawiroa insineraciis Tanamedrove teqnologiebi, rac moitxovs did materialur resurss, uzrunvelyofs mxolod narcenebis martvas da ara prevencias. alternativa II. sursatis bankebis Seqmna narcenebis prevenciisatvis da Semcirebuli narcenebis martva. evropis bevr qveyanasi, aseve ass-sa da kanadasi narcenebis prevenciis gavrcelebuli sasualebaa sursatis bankebis Seqmna. sursatis bankebi ZiriTadad donaciit, gamonaklis SemTxvevaSi, SedarebiT dabal fasad ireben sakvebs hipermarketebidan, kvebis obieqtebidan, mwarmoeblebisgan, fermerebisgan, momxmareblebisgan da gascemen im pirebze, visac amis sawiroeba aqvs. donaciis gzit mirebuli produqcia ZiriTad SemTxvevaSi aris vadis amowurvastan miaxloebuli an imgvari, romlis SesafuTi dazianebuli an/da nakliania. fermerebis, mwarmoeblebis da importiorebisgan sursatis bankebi donaciis gzit ireben produqts, romlebic standarttan Seusabamobis gamo marketis daxlze ver moxvda, Tumca sruliad uvnebelia adamianis janmrtelobisatvis. aseve SesaZlebelia, rom kvebitma bankebma produqcia matgan SedarebiT dabal fasad iyidon da Semdgom gascen donaciit. sakvebi produqtebi vaucerebis saxit gaicema. alternativis ganxorcieleba Seesabameba jandacvis standartebs, kerzod, sakvebi donaciit mxolod im SemTxvevaSi gaicema, Tu is saxifato ar aris adamianis janmrtelobisatvis. banks hyavs administracia da personali, romelta nawili moxalised musaobs. bankebi ar arian saxelmwifo saagentoebi/organoebi, mati Semosavlis ZiriTadi wyaroa donacia (mat Soris fuladi) adgilobrivi biznesidan, arasam- Tavrobo struqturebidan da saxelmwifo fondebidan. estonetsi, sadac 14-mde sursatis banki funqcionirebs, 9 sakvebs mxolod socialurad daucvel pirebze gascemen, amitom banki awarmoebs socialurad daucvelebis reestrs Sesabamis saministrostan TanamSromlobiT. 10 9 About the Estonian Food Bank, www.toidupank.ee/about-the-estonian-food-bank-in-tallinn/ 10 Mr. Piet BoerefijnThe managing director, Estonian Food Bank. 95

96 sursatis bankis Seqmna moicavs ramdenime fazas: arsebuli situaciis Seswavla _ vis swirdeba sakvebi produqtebi, ra raodenobis motxovna iqneba, SesaZlo problemuri sakitxebis Seswavla, romeltac, savaraudod, gavlena eqneba bankebis funqcionirebaze; aseve arsebobs Tu ara raime msgavsi programa, romlesac mtavroba, kerzo seqtori an samoqalaqo sazogadoeba axorcielebs; dagegmvis etapi _ arsebuli situaciis Seswavlis Semdeg iwyeba dagegmvis etapi, sadac CarTulia yvela dainteresebuli mxare, iqneba es samtavrobo struqturis warmomadgenlebi, mwarmoeblebi, kerzo seqtoris sxvadasxva warmomadgeneli, samecniero sazogadoeba Tu arasamtavrobo organizaciebi. dagegmvis etapis Sedegad SemuSavdeba biznesgegma da dazusteba administraciuli detalebi; kapitalizaciis etapi _ am etapze xdeba finansuri wyaroebis mozieba; ganxorcielebis etapi. imisatvis, rom banki SeuerTdes kvebiti bankebis globalur qsels, proeqts daswirdeba 3-dan 9 Tvemde, xolo kidev damatebit _ 6-dan 12 Tvemde, rata bankma gamartulad SeZlos funqcionireba 11. estonuri gamocdilebis gatvaliswinebit, 1-dan 2-wlamde aris mosamzadebeli periodi, am dros gaimarteba cnobierebis asamarlebeli sxvadasxva kampania, aseve molaparakebebi kerzo seqtorsa da samtavrobo struqturebtan. am periodisi aucilebelia sxvadasxva donortan TanamSromloba da informirebulobis gazrda. alternativa orientirebulia narcenebis preveneciaze, rac narcenebis martvis ierarqiis mixedvit pirvel rigsi gansaxorcielebeli qmedebaa, Tumca rtuli warmosadgenia narcenebis imgvari prevencia, rom mati martva sawiro arar iyos. swored amitom aseve aucilebeli procesia narcenebis insineracia, kompostireba. am alternativis gansaxorcieleblad cnobierebis amarlebis komponents kidev ufro didi mnisvneloba eniweba, radgan sursatis bankebi saqartvelostvis siaxlea. alternativis dadebiti mxareebia: narcenebis martvis standartebtan Sesabamisoba, kerzo seqtoris CarTuloba da mati informirebulobis gazrda garemosdacvit sakitxebsi. aranakleb mnisvnelovania alternativis socialur-ekonomikuri mxare, garda imisa, rom narcenebis prevencias dadebiti ekonomikuri gavlena aqvs, sakvebi produqtebis donacia dadebitad aisaxeba mosaxleobis socialur mdgomareobaze. alternativis uaryofiti mxareebia: cnobierebis amarlebis grzelvadiani kampaniebis sawiroeba, vadis amowurvastan miaxloebuli produqcia did supermarketebsi Cveul fasad iyideba, restornis qselebi ar arricxaven sakveb narcenebs, arc narcenebis martvis sferosi arsebuli kerzo kompaniebis momsaxurebaze aqvt motxovna, Sesabamisad, gaurkvevelia, sad midis narcenebi. situacia kidev ufro rtuldeba da gaurkvevelia, rodesac saqme exeba restornebsi warmoqmnil adamianis janmrtelobisatvis uvnebel sakvebis narcenebs. alternativa III. status-kvos SenarCuneba. mesame alternativa arsebuli mdgomareobis SenarCunebas gulisxmobs. am SemTxvevaSi arsebuli problema gadauwre- 11 The Global FoodBanking Network, Feasebility Analysis: Starting a Food Bank System.

li darceba. alternativis dadebiti mxarea finansuri resursebis dazogva, xolo uaryofiti mxarea procesis dayovneba, rac kidev ufro saewvos gaxdis narcenebis martvisa da prevenciis 2025 wlisatvis dasaxuli miznis mirwevas. mocemul alternativebs Soris yvelaze misarebis SerCevis miznit CavatareT efeqtianobis multifaqtoruli da xarjtsargeblianobis analizi: kriteriumebi I alternativa (1-5 qula) II alternativa (1-5 qula) III alternativa (1-5 qula) Ppolitikuri mizansewoniloba (ganxorcielebadoba) (30%) 5X30=150 5X30=150 2X30=60 cnobierebis amarleba (20%) 4X20=80 4X20=80 1X20=20 resursebis dazogva (10%) 3X10=30 2X10=20 5X10=50 ganxorcielebisatvis sawiro dro (10%) instituciuri SesaZlebloba (30%) 2X10=20 4X10=40 5X10=50 4X30=120 4X30=120 2X30=60 jamuri qula 400 410 240 12 13 14 komponentebi xarjebi (larsi) sargebeli restornebi 12 sastumroebi restornis momsaxurebit 13 TiTo restoransi rom daidgas 2 urna TiTo sastumrosi 1 urna insineraciisatvis sawiro danadgari kompostirebis adgilis mowyoba 345,420 19,095 72.111 48074 damatebiti xarjebi 14 164, 344 gautvaliswinebeli xarjebi mtliani xarjis 5% 1. kerzo seqtoris da sazogadoebis CarTuloba narcenebis martvis processi. 2. minimaluri zewola biznesze. 3. urnebis gantavsebis xelsayreli adgilmdebareoba. 1. kerzo seqtoris da sazogadoebis CarTuloba narcenebis martvis processi. 2. minimaluri zewola biznesze. 3. urnebis gantavsebis xelsayreli adgilmdebareoba. is narceni, risi kompostirebac ver moxerxdeba, insineraciis gzit daisleba da ar gantavsdeba nagavsayrelze. 1 tona narceni gvazlevs 120 kg. komposts. 12 saqartvelos statistikis erovnuli samsaxuris monacemta mixedvit, TbilisSi registrirebulia 1213 restorani. xarjtsargeblianobistvis arebulia restornebis 50% da gamotvlilia ra dajdeba am raodenobis restornebis momarageba specialuri urnebit. 13 saqartvelos statistikis erovnuli samsaxuris monacemta mixedvit, TbilisSi registrirebulia 134 sastumro restornit. xarjtsargeblianobistvis arebulia restornebis 50% da gamotvlilia ra dajdeba am raodenobis restornebis momarageba specialuri urnebit. 14 arebulia amjamindeli nagvis manqanis fasi, erti cvlistvis sawiro sawvavis raodenoba, ekipajis xelfasi (mzrolis da damxmaris xelfasebi). 97

rogorc multifaqtoruli da xarjtsargeblianobis analizidan gamovlinda, II alternativas meti wona aqvs. narcenebis martvis sferodan gamomdinare, orive alternativis ganxorcieleba dakavsirebulia finansur resursebtan, swored amitomaa rtuli ganvitarebadi qveynebisatvis evropul Tu saertasoriso standartebtan Sesabamisoba. arsanisnavia, rom orive alternativis ganxorcieleba aucilebelia narcenebis martvis ierarqiidan gamomdinare, Tumca II alternativa uzrunvelyofs rogorc narcenebis prevencias, ise Semcirebul gadasamusavebel narcenebs. swored amitom II alternativa optimaluri arcevania sferosi arsebuli finansuri resursebis, instituciuri SesaZleblobebisa da cnobierebis donis gatvaliswinebit. arsanisnavia, rom saqartvelos mier nakisri valdebulebebis SesrulebisaTvis, kerzod, narcenebis martvis ierarqiis SesabamisobisTvis aucilebelia orive alternativis ganxorcieleba. rekomendaciebi II alternativis gansaxorcieleblad aucilebelia aqtiuri molaparakebebi daiwyos didi supermarketebis qselebtan mnisvnelovania kerzo seqtori informirebuli iyos narcenebis martvis politikis Sesaxeb, aseve im garemosdacviti problemebis Sesaxeb, romlebsac narcenebis araswori martva warmosobs. amastanave, mnisvnelovania supermarketebis, restornebis da sakitxtan dakavsirebuli sxvadasxva mxaris informireba evrokavsiris qveynebsi arsebuli praqtikis Sesaxeb, Tu rogor xdeba evropis sxvadasxva qveyanasi uvnebeli produqciis meoradi gamoyenebisatvis gadanawileba da am gzit narcenebis Semcireba misi warmosobis etapzeve. SesaZloa aucilebeli gaxdes evropis sxvadasxva qveynis gamocdilebis gaziareba, magalitad, safrgangetis, sadac 2016 wels supermarketebs sakanonmdeblo cvlilebebit aekrzalat sakvebi produqtebis gadayra. sawyis etapze umjobesia supermarketebis molaparakebit darwmuneba, rom ar gadayaron produqtebi da gascen donaciit an daaklon fasi. amastan, erovnuli kanonmdebloba sakmaod mkacr vadebs awesebs sxvadasxva sakvebi produqtis vargisianobis vadaze, magali- Tad, fqvileul sakonditro nawarmze, tkbil kerzebze, burruleulis produqtebze da a.s. SesaZloa, sawiro gaxdes matze arnisnuli vadebis gadaxedva, rom xeli Seewyos narcenebis prevencias. Tavdapirvelad rtuli iqneba Cveni arceuli alternativis mteli saqartvelos masstabit ganxorcieleba, ris gamoc umjobesia, Tu iniciativa Tavidan mxolod TbilisSi arsebul hipermarketebs, marketebs da restornebs moicavs. aucilebelia cnobierebis amarlebis kampaniebis Catareba, rata sazogadoebam uket icodes im zianis Sesaxeb, rac narcenebis araswor martvas mosdevs. kampaniebis dros sasurvelia xazi gaesvas im hipermarketebs, marketebs da restornebs, romlebic monawileobas ireben narcenebis martvis processi _ es dadebitad aisaxeba mat reputaciaze. 98

daskvna evropis sxvadasxva qveyanasi narcenebis martvis politika wlebis ganmavloba- Si yalibdeboda, CvenTan ki am sakitxs 2014 wlidan aqceven yuradreba, asocirebis Sesaxeb SeTanxmebis farglebsi, da daiwyo rigi procesebisa, rac ukavsirdeba nar- Cenebis martvis kodeqsis Seqmnas da mastan dakavsirebuli sxva kanonebis mirebas Tu startegiuli dokumentebis Seqmnas. miuxedavad imisa, rom meti yuradreba dres narcenebis reciklirebas, ardgenas etmoba, aucilebelia saxelmwifom gadadgas konkretuli nabijebi, rac nar- Cenebis prevencias uzrunvelyofs. gaeros sursatisa da soflis meurneobis organizaciis kvlevis mixedvit, kerzo seqtori, kerzod ki, supermarketebi, sakveb narcenebs ar miicneven problematurad, arc isaa garkveuli, Tu sad midis produqcia, romelic vargisianobis wess arar Seesabameba da vadagasulia an vadis amowurvastan aris miaxloebuli, Tumca janmrtelobisatvis uvnebelia. mnisvnelovania saxelmwifomac da kerzo seqtormac gaiazron, rom narcenebis martva mxolod reciklirebit da ardgenit ver moxdeba, Tu midgoma kompleqsuri xasiatis ar iqneba da narcenebis prevencias ar gaitvaliswinebs. saboloo jamsi, sawiro gaxdeba ufro meti finansuri resursi imisatvis, rom didi raodenobit warmoqmnili narcenebi gadamusavdes, ardges an sabolood gantavsdes nagavsayrelze. amastanave, mnisvnelovania politikis socialuri mxarec, kerzod, imis gaazreba, rom ganvitarebuli qveynebic ki, romlebsac saqartvelostan SedarebiT uketesi socialuri mdgomareoba aqvt, maqsimalurad cdiloben sakvebi narcenebis prevencias. bolo dros presasic aqtiurad iwereba supermarketebis mier gadayril produqciaze, rac xels Seuwyobs sakitxis win wamowevas da kerzo Tu sajaro seqtoris ufro CarTulobas. sakitxis mogvarebis dadebiti mxarea evrokavsiris didi interesi sakitxis mimart. magalitad, dres estonetsi ukve sursatis 14-mde bankia. Tavdapirvelad ki, 2010 wels, pirveli sursatis bankis gaxsnasi monawileobdnen estonur-holandiuri saqvelmoqmedo organizacia da svidbanki (Swedbank). sajaro seqtoris aqtiuri CarTulobis SemTxvevaSi SesaZlebelia sxvadasxva fondidan sawiro investiciebis mozidva sakvebi bankebis Sesaqmnelad. 99

normatiuli aqtebi: bibliografia 1. saqartvelos kanoni `narcenebis martvis kodeqsi. 2. saqartvelos Sromis, janmrtelobis da socialuri dacvis ministris brzaneba 303/n gansakutrebit malfuwebadi produqtebis Senaxvis pirobebisa da vadebis damtkicebis Sesaxeb; 2001 wlis 16 agvisto, Tbilisi. 3. Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council Amending Directive 2008/98/EC on Waste. oficialuri dokumentebi: 1. saqartvelos garemos dacvisa da soflis meurneobis saministro; saqartvelos garemos dacvis moqmedebata mesame erovnuli programa; 2017-2021w.w., samusao versia, Tbilisi 2017. 2. saqartvelos mtavrobis dadgenileba 160, narcenebis martvis 2016-2030 wlebis erovnuli strategiisa da 2016-2020 wlebis erovnuli samoqmedo gegmis damtkicebis Sesaxeb. 3. gaertianebuli erebis organizacia, mdgradi ganvitarebis miznebi, dris wesrigi 2030, www.ungeorgia.ge/geo/sutainable_development_goals#.wowj0fswbdd. 4. saqartvelos statistikuri erovnuli samsaxuri; statistikuri biznesreestri, ekonomikuri subieqtebis CamonaTvali (restornebi, sastumroebi restornebis momsaxurebit), 2018 wlis maisis mdgomareobit; www.br.geostat.ge/register_geo/index.php?action=enterprizes&s tart=0&srch1=&srch2=null&srch3=&srch4=null&srch5=null&srch5_hidden=&srch6=undefined&srch6_hi dden=undefined&srch7=undefined&srch7_hidden=&srch8=&srch9=&srch10=&srch9txt=1124&srch10t xt=1124&srch16=&srch17=&srch16txt=null&srch17txt=null&srch11=null&srch11_hidden=&srch12=&sr ch13=null&srch13_hidden=&srch14=null&srch14_hidden=&srch15=&order=legal_code&direction=asc 5. saqartvelos statistikis erovnuli samsaxuri; saarsebo Semweobis mimrebi mosaxleoba; 2017 wlis mdgomareobit; www.geostat.ge/?action=page&p_id=199&lang=geo. 6. gaeros sursatisa da soflis meurneobis organizacia, sakvebi produqtebis globaluri danakargi da narcenebi, romi, 2011. 7. European Commission, EU guidelines on food donation, Brussels, 16.10.2017, www.ec.europa.eu/food/ sites/food/files/safety/docs/fw_eu-actions_food-donation_eu-guidelines_en.pdf. 8. The Global FoodBanking Network, Feasebility Analysis: Starting a Food Bank System 9. European Commission; Closing the loop - An EU action plan for the Circular Economy; Brussels, 2.12.2015; COM(2015) 614 final 10. Estimates of European food waste levels; Reducing food waste through social innovation; www.eu-fusions.org/phocadownload/publications/estimates%20of%20european%20food%20waste%20levels.pdf. 11. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations; Global Initiative on Food Loss and Waste Reduction. kvlevebi: 1. Maryam Rezaei, ENPARD III project GCP/GEO/010/EC: Technical Assistance to the Ministry of Agriculture of Georgia; Food loss and waste in Georgia; Findings and Results; 2. narcenebis martva evrokavsiris qveynebsi; USAID kavkasia; kavkasiis garemosdacviti arasamtavrobo organizaciebis qseli (CENN); 3. nino CxobaZe, narcenebi; www.gfsis.org/files/my-world/14/07.pdf. internetresursebi: 1. Sps `ekomedi~; narcenebis utilizaciis kompania; www.ecomed.ge/?page_id=3736. 100

Tamar Shervashidze Invited Specialist, Environmental and Natural Resources Committee, Parliament of Georgia Main Directions for Optimizing Food Waste Regulation Policy SUMMARY Hunger remains the world s greatest challenge; however, 33%-50% of food is wasted and this is a problem which needs to be assessed in line with both environmental and social issues. Although under the EU-Georgia Association Agreement legislation regarding waste has been adopted, Georgia s food waste policy is not comprehensive enough with most supermarkets, other markets and restaurants either not having food waste management plans or their actions in this regard are unknown or unclear. This policy paper aims to assess Georgia s current food waste management policy and highlights that there are insufficient mechanisms for preventing food waste in the country. The policy paper further presents that awareness regarding food waste among citizens and in the private sector is rather low. Moreover, food waste among other waste streams is one of the least discussed topics. This policy paper presents some ways for improving food waste management policy alternatives, which are assessed based upon their strengths and weaknesses as well through the use of multifactorial effectiveness and cost-benefit analyses. The most compelling of the alternatives is singled out and recommendations are offered which will ensure its successful implementation. 107