qristianoba da ekonomika

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1 qristianoba da ekonomika VII samecniero konferenciis moxsenebata krebuli (gori _ 2013 wlis 30 ivlisi) konferencia ezrvneba ivane javaxisvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis daarsebis 95-e da saqartvelos katolikos-patriarqis ilia II-is arsaydrebis 35-e wlistavs Tbilisi

2 qristianoba da ekonomika. VII samecniero konferenciis moxsenebata krebuli. gori, krebulsi warmodgenilia 2013 wlis 30 ivliss wm. giorgi mtawmindelis saxelobis goris gimnaziasi Catarebuli VII samecniero konferenciis masalebi. moxsenebebsi asaxulia qristianobisa da ekonomikis, religiisa da saqmiani urtiertobebis urtiertzegavlenis sakitxebi, mati Teoriul-meTodologiuri aspeqtebi da kavsiri saqartvelosi mimdinare ekonomikur da socialur reformebtan. nasromi gankutvnilia sasuliero pirebis, Teologebis, mecnierebis, ekonomistebis, biznesmenebis, menejerebis, umarlesi ganatlebis samive safexuris studentebisa (bakalavriati, magistratura, doqtorantura) da yvela dainteresebuli adamianisatvis. moxsenebis Sinaarsze pasuxismgebelia avtori. redaqtorebi: profesori revaz gogoxia profesori giorgi SixaSvili inglisurenovani teqstebis redaqtori: nana maisuraze recenzentebi: asoc. profesori ineza gagnize asoc. profesori nino papacasvili 2

3 Christianity and Economics Proceedings of the 7 th Scientific Conference Papers Gori _ 2013 The Conference was devoted to the 95 th anniversary of Tbilisis State University foundation and the 35 th anniversary of enthronement of His Holiness and Beatitude, Catholicos Patriarch of Georgia Ilia II Tbilisi

4 Christianity and Economics. Proceedings of the 7 th Scientific Conference Papers, Gori, 2013 The proceeding includes the papers presented at the seventh scientific conference at St. Giorgi Mtatsmindeli Gori Gymnasium. The papers represent results of Georgian researchers scientific activities that deal with the dual influence of Christianity and economics, religion and business activities, theoreticalmethodological aspects of this interrelationship and its influence on the economic and social reforms going on in Georgia. The proceeding is intended for clerics, theologians, scientists, professors, economists, businessmen, managers, students of all three educational level (bachelor, master, doctorate) and to other people interested in the issue. The author is responsible for the content of the paper. Editors: Professor Revaz Gogokhia Professor Giorgi Shikhashvili Editor of English texts: Nana Maisuradze Reviewers: Associate Prof. Ineza Gagnidze Associate Prof. Nino Papachashvili ISBN daibewda Tsu gamomcemlobis stambasi Printed in Tsu Press 0179 Tbilisi, i. WavWavaZis gamziri 1 1 Ilia Tchavtchavadze Avenue, Tbilisi 0179 Tel 995 (32) , 995 (32)

5 organizatorebisagan Teologiur-ekonomikuri xasiatis mecnieruli kvlevebisa da praqtikuli gzebis dasaxvisatvis didi mnisvneloba aqvs saeklesio-rvtismetyvelur da sauniversiteto-samecniero xedvata sinergiul harmonizacias. SemTxveviTi ar iyo, rom mefe davit armasenebeli gelatis akademiis daarsebisas ocnebobda, rom is yofiliyo axali ierusalimi da axali atina, martlmadideblobisa da WeSmariti azris simbiozi. saqartvelosi universiteti yoveltvis iwodeboda codnis tazrad da amgvari saxeldebis mizezi iyo misi, ara mxolos wminda mecnieruli profili, aramed, aseve ertguleba im sulieri Rirebulebebisa, rasac saukuneebis ganmavlobasi amkvidrebda qristianuli kultura. aseve eklesiac, saukuneebis manzilze uzrunvelyofda eris sulieri da materialuri (mat Soris, ekonomikuri) potencialis simtkices. saqartvelos WeSmariti progresisatvis aucilebelia bibliuri da religiur-etikuri poziciebidan gaviazrot sazogadoebis ganvitarebis kanonzomierebebi. sawiroa qartuli tradiciuli msoflmxedvelobisaken Semobruneba da TanamedroveobasTan harmoniulad Sexamebuli qristianuli ekonomikuri azrovnebisa da Sesabamisi sameurneo-mmartvelobiti saqmianobis arorzineba-ganvitareba. swored religiisa da ekonomikis urtiertobis Teoriul da gamoyenebit sakitxebze imsjeles 2013 wlis 30 ivliss, VII samecniero konferenciaze: `qristianoba da ekonomika _ gori-2013~, romelic wm. giorgi mtawmindelis saxelobis goris gimnaziasi gaimarta. konferencia miezrvna ivane javaxisvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis daarsebis 95-e da saqartvelos katolikos-partriarqis ilia II-is arsaydrebis 35-e wlistavs. samecniero konferenciis organizatorebi iyvnen: ivane javaxisvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis ekonomikisa da biznesis fakulteti, saqartvelos sapatriarqos samtavisisa da goris eparqia, Tsu-is studenturi TviTmarTveloba da Tsu-is ekonomikisa da biznesis fakultetis studenturi kvlevebisa da proeqtebis centri `idea~. konferenciasi monawileobdnen: iv. javaxisvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis, saqartvelos teqnikuri universitetis, saqartvelos soflis meurneobis mecnierebata akademiis, p. gugusvilis saxelobis ekonomikis institutis, qutaisis universitetis, batumis SoTa rustavelis saxelobis saxelmwifo universitetis, saqartvelos sapatriarqos wm. andria pirvelwodebulis saxelobis qartuli universitetis, ivane javaxisvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis ekonomikisa da biznesis fakultetis studenturi kvlevebisa da proeqtebis centri `idea~-s profesorebi, doqtorebi da studentebi, bolnisis akaurtas tazris winamzrvari, konferenciaze sul 25 samecniero nasromi iqna warmodgenili. sakitxis swored zemoarnisnuli saxit gaazrebis safuzvelze nayofierad vitardeba universitetisa da eklesiis SemoqmedebiTi TanamSromloba, romlis farglebsi Tsu-is ekonomikisa da biznesis fakultetis iniciativita da monawileobit, bolo periodsi, qristianobisa da ekonomikis urtiertkavsiris sakitxebze Svidi konferencia gaimarta: I samecniero konferencia `qristianoba da ekonomika _ Tsu-2005~ (Tsu marlivi korpusi, 2005 wlis 19 aprili); II samecniero konferencia `qristianoba da ekonomika _ bolnisi-2008~ (bolnisi, 2008 wlis 13 aprili); III samecniero konferencia `qristianoba da ekonomika _ Tsu-2008~ (Tsu marlivi korpusi, 2008 wlis 30 maisi); IV samecniero-praqtikuli konferencia `qristianoba da ekonomika _ mestia-2008~ (mestia, 2008 wlis ivlisi); V samecniero konferencia `qristianoba da ekonomika _ Tsu-2010~ (Tsu marlivi korpusi, 2010 wlis 25 ianvari); 5

6 VI samecniero konferencia `qristianoba da ekonomika _ sagarejo -2012~ (sagarejo, manavi, 2012 wlis 22 ivlisi); VII samecniero konferencia `qristianoba da ekonomika _ gori 2013~ (gori, 2013 wlis 30 ivlisi). Catarebuli konferenciebi da matze warmodgenili Temebi natlad miutitebs gansaxilveli problemebis did aqtualurobaze Tanamedrove saqartvelos ekonomikuri ganvitarebisatvis. Ganzraxulia analogiuri konferenciebis ciklis gagrzeleba da mati gamartva qveynis sxvadasxva regionsi, ritac kidev ufro garrmavdeba mecnierebisa da religiis, universitetisa da eklesiis SemoqmedebiTi TanamSromloba saqartvelos socialur-ekonomikuri ganvitarebis sasvili- Svilo saqmesi. krebulsi warmodgenilia 2013 wlis 30 ivliss wm. giorgi mtawmindelis saxelobis goris gimnaziasi Catarebuli VII samecniero konferenciis masalebi. moxsenebebsi asaxulia qar- Tvel mkvlevarta saqmianobis Sedegebi, romlebsic ganxilulia qristianobisa da ekonomikis, religiisa da saqmiani urtiertobebis urtiertzegavlenis sakitxebi, mati Teoriul-meTodologiuri aspeqtebi da kavsiri saqartvelosi mimdinare ekonomikur da socialur reformebtan. konferenciis organizebasi aqtiuri monawileoba miires da misi saorganizacio komitetis wevrebi iyvnen: Tsu-is ekonomikisa da biznesis fakultetis samecniero kvlevebisa da ganvitarebis samsaxuris ufrosi ead m. lobjanize, Tsu-is ekonomikisa da biznesis fakultetis xarisxis uzrunvelyofis samsaxuris ufrosi specialisti, asocirebuli profesori nino papa- CaSvili da Tsu-is ekonomikisa da biznesis fakultetis asistent-profesori, doqtoranti valeri arrutasvili. konferenciis mimdinareoba fartod gasuqda saqartvelos sapatriarqos televiziit _ `ertsulovneba~. giorgi SixaSvili iv. javaxisvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis asocirebuli profesori, ekonomikis akademiuri doqtori, amave fakultetis studenturi kvlevebisa da proeqtebis centri idea -s direqtori ineza gagnize iv. javaxisvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis asocirebuli profesori, ekonomikis akademiuri doqtori 6

7 From Organizers Synergetic harmonization of views of church and university has a special importance for scientific researches of theological-economic nature and for setting up practical solutions. It wasn t just by chance that while establishing the Gelati Academy, David the Builder wanted it to become new Jerusalem and new Athena, symbiosis of orthodox religion and true thought. In Georgia, university has always been called a temple of knowledge. This was not only because of its scientific profile, but also because of devotion to the spiritual values established by the Christian culture during the centuries. On the other hand, for many centuries Georgian church has been maintaining spiritual and material (including economic) strength of the nation. For true progress of Georgia it s critical to consider development of society in the context of biblical and religious-ethical positions. It s necessary to turn back to Georgian traditional ideology and to regenerate and develop economic activities which are in harmony with Christian economic thinking. Theoretical and applied issues of relationship between religion and economy were the subjects for discussion at the seventh scientific conference Christianity and Economics Gori-2013 held at St. Giorgi Mtatsmindeli Gori Gymnasium. The conference was dedicated to the 95 th anniversary of Iv. Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University and 35th anniversary of enthronization of Catholicos-Patriarch of All Georgia Ilia ll. The conference was organized by the Faculty of Economics and Business of Iv. Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Eparchy of Samtavisi and Gori of the Georgian Orthodox Church, TSU student self-government and Idea, student research and projects center at the Faculty of Economics and Business, TSU. Scientists, professors and doctors of the following institutions took part in the scientific conference Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Georgian Technical University, Georgian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, P. Gugushvili Institute of Economics, Kutaisi University, Shota Rustaveli Batumi State University, St. Andrew the First Georgian University of Georgian Patriarchate, Student Research and Project center Idea of the Faculty of Economics and Business of TSU. Overall, 25 scientific papers were presented at the conference. On the base of this approach, cooperation is developing between the University and church. In the frames of this cooperation, seven conferences have been held on the issues of interrelation of Christianity and economics initiated by the faculty of Economics and Business, TSU. 1 st scientific conference Christianity and Economics TSU-2005 (TSU Maglivi Building, 19 April, 2005); 2 nd scientific conference Christianity and Economics Bolnisi-2005 (Bolnisi, 13 April, 2008); 3 rd scientific conference Christianity and Economics TSU-2008 (TSU Building X, 30 May, 2008); 4 th scientific conference Christianity and Economics Mestia-2008 (Mestia, July, 2008); 5 th scientific conference Christianity and Economics TSU-2010 (TSU Building X, 25 January, 2010); 6 th scientific conference Christianity and Economics Sagarejo (Sagarejo, Manavi, 22 June, 2012); 7 th scientific conference Christianity and Economics Gori (Gori, 30 June, 2013). These conferences and the papers that were presented clearly show high importance of the discussed problems for economic development of Georgia. It is intended to continue the cycle of conferences on the same issue and to hold it in different regions of the country. This will promote deepening creative collaboration between science and religion, the University and church for social and economic development of Georgia. The proceeding includes the papers presented at the fifth scientific conference at Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Faculty of Economics and Business. The papers represent results of Georgian researchers scien- 7

8 tific activities that deal with the dual influence of Christianity and economics, religion and business activities, theoretical-methodological aspects of this interrelationship and its influence on the economic and social reforms going on in Georgia. Manana Lobjanidze, Doctor of Economics, Head of the Department of Scientific Research and Development of the Faculty of Economics and Business, TSU; Nino Papachashvili, Doctor of Economics, Senior Specialist of Quality Assurance Service of the Faculty of Economics and Business, TSU and Valeri Argutashvili, Assistant Professor, PhD Student at the Faculty of Economics and Business, TSU actively participated in the conference organization process. Giorgi Shikhashvili, Ineza Gagnidze 8

9 yovladwmida RvTismSoblis xati purtatvis siuxvis momniwebeli purtatvis siuxvis momniwebeli am xats Rirsma mamam ambrosi optinelma uwoda. xati aseve gvxvdeba saxelwodebit -,,nayofis momniwebeli wels boloxovis monastris irumeniam, ilariam wmida mamas yovladwmida RmrTismSoblis sruliad axleburad dawerili xati gaugzavna. RvTismSobeli xatze Rrublebze mjdomarea gamosaxuli da xelebic kurtxevis nisnad aqvs ganpyrobili. qvemot puris yanasi yvavilebsa da balaxebs Soris Znebi mocans. RvTismSoblis gamosaxuleba boloxovis monastris yovelta wmidata xatidanaa gadmorebuli, xolo yana da puris Znebi Rirsi ambrosis CanafiqriT daiwera. rodesac xats saxelad,,purtatvis siuxvis momniwebeli uwoda, wmida mamas surda ecvenebina, rom deda RmrTisa adamianebs ara marto sulier xsnas mihmadlebs, aramed qveynier RvawlSic exmareba. Rirs mamas Zlier uyvarda es xati da mis winase locva uanderza Tavis sulier Svilebsac, romlebic Samordinos dedata savanesi cxovrobdnen. aqve gaatara wmindanma cxovrebis ukanaskneli wlebi. xatma pirveli wyaloba swored Samordinos savaneze gardamoavlina rusetis SimSilobis wels (1891 w.) da monastris velebsa da mtel gubernias mdidari mosavali mihmadla wels gvalvisas, xatis asli voronejis guberniasi gagzavnes da rogorc ki mis winase paraklisi arsrulda, wvima wamovida, mindvrebi gacocxlda da msvenieri mosavalic movida. xatis dresaswauli 15/28 oqtombers aresruleba. evedrebian uwvimobis, puris mosavlis mirebis sasisroebisas, SimSilisagan saxsnelad. wyaroebi: locvebi yovladwmida RvTismSoblis 54 saswaulmoqmedi xatisadmi, dabewdili urbnisisa da ruisis mitropolit iobis (aqiasvili) locva-kurtxevit, Tb.,

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11 samtavisisa da goris mitropoliti andria (gvazava) misalmeba ekonomikuri saqmianoba amqveyniuri cxovrebis safuzveli da umtavresi Semadgeneli nawilia. am saqmianobis uflisatvis satnod warmartva uzrunvelyofs CvenTvis miwier sixaruls da zeciur netarebas. ekonomikur saqmianobasi pirdapir Tu iribad Cabmulia calkeuli adamiani da nebismieri ojaxi. ekonomikis avkargianobaze aris damokidebuli sazogadoebis yoveli fenis da mteli saxelmwifos arseboba. soflis meurneoba erovnuli ekonomikis umnisvnelovanesi dargia. igi warmoadgens adamianis amqveyniuri cxovrebis uzrunvelmyof umtavres sasualebas. miwieri cxovrebis dros adamiani ircevs gzas zeciur sasufevelsi mosaxvedrad. aseti garemoeba ki miutitebs sasoflosameurneo Sromis sarvto warmomavlobasa da mis gansakutrebul Teologiur danisnulebaze. ekonomikis, kerzod, sasoflo-sameurneo warmoebis qristianuli safuzvlebi RvTivdadgenilad aris warmodgenili bibliasi. biblia adamianis sameurneo saqmianobis Teoriuli safuzvelia, romlis mixedvitac TandaTan ganvitarda qristianuli ekonomikuri azrovneba da praqtikuli sameurneo saqmianoba. jer kidev evas Seqmnamde `aiyvana adami ufalma RmerTma da daasaxla edemis barsi mis dasamusaveblad da dasacavad~ (dab. 2,15). e. i. adamiani sawyissive Seqmnilia miwatmoqmedad meurned, da amastan mas mieca Semoqmedebis unari da Tavisufali neba. adamis da evas pirveli Svili kaeni miwis musaki iyo, xolo meore Svili abeli mecxvare (dab. 4,2). aqedan natelia, rom pirvel adamianebs amqveyniuri saqmianobis umtavres mimartulebad RmerTma Sroma dauwesa. adamianma Tavisi Tavisufali neba, SemoqmedebiTi unaris sasualebit unda gamoxatos SromaSi, xolo Sedegad miiros Tavisi Sromis ketili nayofi, rac cata sasufevelsi damkvidrebis winapirobaa. amastan, Tavad Sroma aucilebelia rogorc Cveni sakutari, aseve sxva adamianebis sawiroebata dakmayofilebisatvis. adamians pirveli moqmedebis (Sromis) gamoxatva RvTis mier daevala miwatmoqmedebasi (miwis damusavebasi), edemis barsi. xolo, codvit dacemis gamo mati dawyevlis Semdeg isini gangdebul iqnen edemis baridan, magram brzaneba mainc ar Secvlila isini darcnen kvlav miwaze msromelebad da sasjelis saxit, Sroma bevrad gaurtuldat (dab. 3,17). magram amastan, RvTis kurtxevac gardaemata, rac gamoixata imit, rom Sroma waxalisda madlmosili sixarulisa da bednierebis grznobit, romelic nasromis (nayofis) xilvit eufleba adamians: `vxedav, kactatvis sxva sikete rom ar yofila, Tu ar ixara Tavis narvawit, radgan esaa misi wili am mzisqvesetsi, vin daanaxvebs, ra moxdeba Semdgomad misa?~ (ekl. 3,22) da: `Tavisi miwis musaki purit danayrdeba, xolo vinc amaod irjeba, siraribit danayrdeba~ (igav. 28,19). ufali akurtxebs morwmunis Sromas, magram amastanave mozrvravs, rom adamianebma isromon ara dasarupavi sakvebisatvis, aramed sakvebisatvis, romelic adamians RvTis sadideblad ganazlierebs: `xrwnadi sazrdostvis nuki zrunavt, aramed izrunet sazrdosatvis, romelic rceba saukuno sicocxled, da romelsac mogcemt Ze kacisa; vinaidan mama RmerTma arbewda igi~ (ioan. 6,27). mteli bibliuri swavleba, kerzod, moses kanonmdebloba aris is konceptualuri safuzveli (paradigma, koncefcia, modeli), romelic uzrunvelyofs sazogadoebis RvTivsulier harmoniul ganvitarebas. moses rjulsi ert-erti umtavresi adgili ukavia kanonebs miwatmflobelobisa da miwatsargeblobis Sesaxeb. moses kanonmdeblobasi miwa warmodgenilia rogorc mflobelobis 11

12 mtavari sagani da RmrTis mmartvelobis obieqti. miwis mflobeloba aq emyareba Teokratiul princips, romelic gamoricxavs sxva qveynebsi gavrcelebul miwis bunebrivi, TviTneburi mitaceba-mitvisebis praqtikas. bibliuri swavlebit da, konkretulad, moses kanonmdeblobis mixedvit, miwa mxolod RmerTis sakutrebaa, romelic saukunod gankargavs mas sayoveltao Semoqmedis uflebit, vinaidan: `RmerTma Seqmna ca da miwa~ (dab. 1,1), daafuzna da daamyara miwa (qveyana), moatavsa miwa sivrcesi, daamtkica svetni miwisa, Seqmna mnatobni cisa miwis (qveynis) gasanateblad, miwis mosarwyavad mdinareebi aravso wylit da moavlina wvima, nayofier hyo miwa (qveyana), Seqmna miwa sacxovreblad, adamians misca ufleba miwaze _ `kurtxeuli xart uflis mier, cisa da qveynis Semoqmedis mier, ca _ cad uflisatvis, xolo qveyana misca adamis ZeT~ (fs. 113,23-24). miwatmoqmedeba iyo adamianis pirveli saqmianoba codvit dacemamde, xolo codvit dacemis Semdeg miwatmoqmedeba gartulda miwis dawyevlis gamo. ufalma utxra adams: `raki Sens dedakacs daujere da SeWame xis nayofi, romlis Wama akrzaluli mqonda SenTvis, miwa daiwyevlos Sens gamo: tanjvit miirebde misgan sazrdos mteli sicocxle. ZeZvi da ekali amogicenos da mindvris balaxi iyos Seni sazrdo. pirofliani Wamde purs, vidre miwad miiqceode, radgan misgan xar arebuli, radgan mtveri xar da mtvradve miiqcevi~ (dab. 3,17-19). codvit dacemis gamo adamians miwaze oflis Rvra miesaja `gausva igi ufalma RmerTma edemis baridan, rom daemusavebina miwa, saidanac iyo arebuli~ (dab. 3,23). adamiani izulebuli iyo esroma miwaze, Tundac imitom, rom `Tavisi miwis musaki purit danayrdeba, xolo vinc amaod irjeba, siraribit danayrdeba (igav. 28,19). martalia, Sroma damzimebulia, magram is amastanave kurtxeulia da kurtxeulia Tavad miwaze msromeli. miwatmoqmedebis nayofic RmrTis mocemulia. amitom, sazogadoebam unda Secvalos miwaze Sromisadmi drevandeli, usulgulo damokidebuleba da bibliuri, qristianuli swavlebis mixedvit warmartos soflis meurneoba. Tanamedrove pirobebsi aucilebelia sameurneo-mmartvelobiti saqmianobis radikaluri humanizacia religiuri principebis da zneobis safuzvelze, rasac SeuZlia uzrunvelyos sazogadoebis harmoniuli RvTivsulieri ganvitareba. 12

13 dekanozi basili (axvlediani) personaluri informaciis xelseuxebloba, rogorc biznesis ganvitarebis fundamenturi piroba Tanamedrove saqartvelosatvis uarresad mnisvnelovania sameurneo saqmianobis yovelmxrivi ganvitareba rogorc saero, aseve saeklesio sferoebsi. eklesiis da saxelmwifos materialuri da finansuri sizliere uzrunvelyofs eris sulier da ekonomikur ketildreobas. satanado samartlebrivi, organizaciuli, ekonomikuri da mmartvelobiti RonisZiebebis Sedegad saqartvelos SeuZlia miarwios aset mizans. soflis meurneoba warmoadgens adamianis amqveyniuri cxovrebis uzrunvelmyof umtavres sasualebas. miwieri cxovrebis dros adamiani ircevs gzas zeciur sasufevelsi mosaxvedrad. aseti garemoeba ki miutitebs sasoflo-sameurneo Sromis sarvto warmomavlobasa da mis gansakutrebul Teologiur danisnulebaze. adgilobrivi warmoebis kvebis produqtebit mosaxleobis uzrunvelyofa sasursato problemis gadawyvetis safuzvelia. am TvalsazrisiT soflis meurneobis optimaluri dargobrivi struqturis Camoyalibebas prioritetuli mnisvneloba mieniwa. Tanamedrove pirobebsi aucilebelia sameurneo-mmartvelobiti saqmianobis radikaluri humanizacia religiuri principebisa da zneobis safuzvelze. sawiroa saqartvelos ekonomikuri ganvitarebis istoriuli aspeqtebis sirrmiseuli gaazreba da saeklesio sasoflo-sameurneo warmoebis gamocdilebis Seswavla da danergva. sasursato usafrtxoebis problemis mogvarebasi didi rolis Sesruleba SeuZlia zogadad saeklesio ekonomikis, kerzod, saeklesio sasoflo-sameurneo warmoebis ganvitarebas saero ekonomikastan sinergiuli SeTanawyobis safuzvelze. Cveni eklesia ibrunebs tradiciulad Zlier poziciebs rogorc sasuliero morvaweobis, aseve zogadekonomikur da sasoflo-sameurneo saqmianobis sferosi, rac saboloo angarisit, xels Seuwyobs mteli qveynis sinergiul, RvTivsulier ganvitarebas. zemot Tqmulidan gamomdinare, saeklesio sasoflo-sameurneo warmoebis Teoriul-meTodologiuri safuzvlebis kvlevas didi mnisvneloba aqvs saqartvelos socialur-ekonomikuri ganvitarebis erovnuli koncefciis SemuSavebisa da realuri praqtikuli saqmianobis gzebis dasaxvisatvis. kargi iqneba, Tu saero da saeklesio xelisufalni ertoblivad daiwyeben musaobas saqartvelos ganvitarebis socialur-ekonomikuri doqtrinis Sesaqmnelad, rac didad Seuwyobs xels qveynis tradiciul ekonomikur xedva-azrovnebasa da TanamedroveobasTan SeTanxmebul swor biznes-dagegmarebas. Teologiuri ekonomikisa da saeklesio sasoflo-sameurneo warmoebis sferosi mecnieruli kvlevisatvis umtavresi wyaro aris biblia, rac pirdapir kavsirsia saqartvelos sasoflo-sameurneo ganvitarebis istoriastan. 1 biblia adamianis sameurneo-mmartvelobiti saqmianobis Teologiuri da Teoriul-meTodologiuri safuzvelia, romlis mixedvitac TandaTan ganvitarda qristianuli ekonomikuri azrovneba da praqtikuli sameurneo saqmianoba. mnisvnelovani wyaroa, agretve, ~didi sjulis kanoni~. 2 massi asaxulia mteli speqtri ekonomikur-mmartvelobiti da sasoflo-sameurneo sakitxebisa, rac qristianuli meurneobriobis normatiul bazas warmoadgens. 1 biblia, saqartvelos sapatriarqos gamocema. Tb., didi sjulis kanoni. ruis-urbnisis saeklesio krebis Zegliswera. wignsi: saqartvelos eklesiis kalendari,

14 qartvel avtortagan, sulierebisa da ekonomikis dakavsirebis Sesaxeb pirveli mosazrebebi wamoayena wm. ilia martalma (WavWavaZe, 1 romlis Semdeg am sferos garkveuli yuradreba dautmo iv. javaxisvilma. 2 analogiur sakitxebs xsirad ixilavs saqartvelos katolikos-patriarqi ilia II. 3 qristianuli sasoflo-sameurneo sferos kvlevasi didi wvlili miuzrvis b. lomina- Zes. 4 gansakutrebit arsanisnavia XX saukunis dasawyissi rusi martlmadidebeli RvTismetyvelisa da mecnieris, dekanoz sergi bulgakovis mier gaweuli Rvawli am sferosi. misi nasromebidan gamorceuli adgili ukavia Teologiuri ekonomikisadmi mizrvnil fundamentur gamokvlevas _ ~meurneobis filosofia~. 5 sameurneo saqmianobis bibliur aspeqtebs didi xania ikvleven dasavletis Teologebi da swavluli ekonomistebi. am saqmesi Cabmuli arian cnobili universitetebi da specializebuli institutebi. ucxoetsi Camoyalibda iseti mecnieruli disciplinebi, rogoricaa: Teologiuri ekonomika, qristianuli ekonomika, Teologiuri sameurneo etika, qristianuli biznesi da sxva. gamokvlevebis Sedegebis praqtikuli gamoyenebis safuzvelze sazrvargaret iqmneba satanado sameurneo-safinanso kanonmdebloba da vitardeba zneobrivi biznesi. magalitad, zneobrivi ekonomikis fundamentur religiur sakitxebs ezrvneba Tanamedrove amerikeli mecnierebis m. staqhausis, d. makkanis, S. roelsis da p. uiliamsis sqeltaniani monografia ~moraluri biznesi. ekonomikuri cxovrebis etikis klasikuri da Tanamedrove resursebi~. 6 arsanisnavia, agretve, s. raes da k. vongis nasromi,,umarlesi patiosneba. iudeur-qristianuli midgoma biznesis etikisadmi~. 7 metad sainteresoa a. rixis fundamenturi nasromi,,sameurneo etika. uarresad mnisvnelovani nasromi Sesrulda rusetsi wlebsi, saxelwodebit _,,rusetis martlmadidebeli eklesiis socialuri koncefciis safuzvlebi~. 8 koncefcia momzadebulia avtorta koleqtivis mier, romlis SemadgenlobaSi Sediodnen episkoposebi, sam- Rvdelo pirebi da cnobili mecnierebi, mat Soris _ ekonomistebi da soflis meurneobis specialistebi. nasromsi gadmocemulia bibliuri swavlebis fuzemdebluri debulebebi eklesiur-saxelwifoebrivi urtiertobebis, sazogadoebrivi ganvitarebis Tanamedrove problemebiss da konkretuli ekonomikis Sesaxeb. arnisnul nasromebsi, sxva mnisvnelovan momentebtan ertad, xazgasmulia, rom Tanamedrove pirobebsi aucilebelia ekonomikuri da sasoflo-sameurneo saqmianobis radikaluri humanizacia Teologiuri principebisa da zneobis safuzvelze. Tanamedrove qartvel mkvlevarta Soris Teologiuri ekonomikis problemebis kvlevas pirveli Seudga g. SixaSvili. igi 1994 wlidan musaobs qristianuli ekonomikis sakitxebze da dreisatvis am sferosi gamoqveynebuli aqvs 40-ze meti samecniero nasromi. 1 WavWavaZe i. xalxis CveulebaTa Seswavlis Sesaxeb. Txz., t. 4, Tb., gv javaxisvili iv., saqartvelos ekonomikuri istoria. w. I. Txz. t. 4, Tb., saqartvelos katolikos-patriarqi ilia II socialur-ekonomikuriganvitarebis aqtualuri sakitxebis Sesaxeb. Semdgenel-gamomcemeli g. SixaSvili. Tbilisi. `geokeria~, lominaze b. saqartvelos martlmadidebeli eklesiis miwatmflobeloba Zveli droidan XX saukunemde (1917 w.). qutaisi, Булгаков С. Философия хозяйства.м., Stackhouse M., McCann D., S. Roels, P. Williams. On Moral Business. Classikal and Contemporary Resources for Ethics in Economic Life. Michigan, Rae S., Wong. K.Beyond Integrity. A Judeo Christian Approach to Business Ethics. Michigan, Основы социальной концепции Русской православной Церкви. М.,

15 bevrs da nayofierad musaobs am mimartulebit i. gagnize. misi publikaciebis ricxvi qristianuli ekonomikis sferosi 10-s awarbebs, romeltagan arsanisnavia `martlmadidebloba da ekonomika~. 1 am sferosi publikaciebs aqveyneben mecnier-ekonomistebi: +g. Todua, i. mesxia, e. xaraisvili, n. CixlaZe da sxv. amastan, aucileblad madlierebis grznobit unda movixseniot is avtorebi, romelta nasromebi didad exmareba momaval ekonomistebs swori azrovnebis CamoyalibebaSi da Cvenc didad dagvexmara sadoqtoro nasromis saboloo teqstis CamoyalibebaSi: p. koruasvili, r. asatiani, a. kakasvili, r. kakulia, k. buacize, r. gogoxia, n. iasvili, g. baxtaze, g. zibzibaze, T. kunwulia, T. lawyepiani, i. mentesasvili, T. dudauri, z. jabnize, g. fxakaze, l. qelexsasvili, s. yamarauli, k. cimintia, m. CavleiSvili, l. jalabaze da a. S. ekonomikur saqmianobasi pirdapir Tu iribad Cabmulia calkeuli adamiani da nebismieri ojaxi. ekonomikis avkargianobaze aris damokidebuli sazogadoebis yoveli fenis da mteli saxelmwifos arseboba. sameurneo sakitxebit, bunebrivia, dainteresebulia eklesiac. ekonomika aris ert-erti im sferotagani, sadac xdeba eklesiisa da saxelmwifos interes- Ta Tanxvedra, magram miuxedavad imisa, moqmedeben isini ertoblivad Tu damoukideblad, mati moqmedebis CarCoebi SeiZleba gamoixatos profesor giorgi SixaSvilis konceptualuri gamonatqvamit: martlmadidebluri sarwmunoebis mixedvit, ekonomikuri saqmianobis saboloo mizans, adamianis amqveyniur motxovnilebata dakmayofilebisatvis sawiro nivtieri da aranivtieri dovlatis Seqmna unda warmoadgendes RvTivdadgenil im zneobriv safuzvelze, romelic gamudmebuli sulieri srulyofis mesveobit cata sasufevelsi adamianis Sesvlas uzrunvelyofs. adamianis nebismieri moqmedeba, iqneba es inteleqtualuri Tu fizikuri, aris Sroma. Sromis xarisxzea damokidebuli nebismieri saqmis warmateba. es aris safuzvelta safuzveli. da Tu es safuzveli myaria (anu, maralxarisxiani), masin nebismieri saqmis warmateba garantirebulia. rodis gamoirebs damozrvra maqsimalur nayofs? masin, rodesac dammozrvreli piradi magalitit gvmozrvravs. es ki yvelastvis cnobili udreki WeSmaritebaa. amitom RmerTi, romelic Tavad aris WeSmariteba, ufali uflebata da mozrvari mozrvarta, aris Semoqmedi cisa da qveyanisa, Tavis pirvelmoqmedebas gamoxatavs SromaSi: Tavdapirvelad RmerTma Seqmna ca da miwa (dab. 1,1), anu _ isroma. Sroma, anu Tanamedrove terminit _ biznesi, yoveltvis arsebobda Tavis kanonebit da es kanonebi ganicdida epoqalur cvlilebebs. Tumca, ucvleli da wmidatawmida yoveltvis rceboda erti _ pesonaluri informaciis gasaidumloeba da xelseuxebloba, romelic sxvagvarad - komerciuli saidumloebitacaa cnobili. piradi informaciis xelmisawvdomoba Zalian mokle xansi Seitans nebismier zesaxelmwifosic ki umartav qaoss da qveynis ekonomikis ngrevis Sedegad defoltitac daemuqreba... zrvari, romelic gadis qveynis armseneblobasa da ngrevas Soris, aris adamianis Tavisufleba da personaluri informaciebis miuwvdomloba, mat Soris _ biznesseqtorsi, garda calkeuli mkacrad dadgenili SemTxvevisa. Tavisufleba aris adamianistvis RvTis mier moniwebuli umtavresi da fundamenturi ufleba. moviyvandi ass-s magalits, kerzod damoukideblobis deklaracias, romelic swored imis xazgasmit iwyeba, rom Semoqmedma yvela adamiani Tanasworad Seqmna da mianiwa mat ertnairi uflebebi iseti rogoricaa sicocxle, Tavisufleba da bednierebis ufleba. adamianis ZiriTadi uflebebi, mat Soris, moicavs _ rwmenis Tavisuflebas, sicocxlis uflebas, piradi cxovrebis xelseuxeblobis uflebas da a. S. 1 gagnize i. martlmadidebloba da ekonomika. Tb., `universali~,

16 minda oriode sityvit ganvmarto, Tu ra igulisxmeba Tavisuflebis xelyofasa da SezRudvaSi. pirvel rigsi, religiuri rakursit, Tavisufleba, es aris arcevani siketesa da borotebas Soris... sociumsi, Tavisuflebas SeiZleba ewodos zneobis farglebsi kanonmorcileba. Tu kanoni ewinaarmdegeba martlmadideblur swavlebas, rac Cemi Tavisufali rwmenis uflebaa, misi morcileba Tavisuflebis ZiriTadi uflebis SezRudvaa. arsebobs uamravi garemoeba, rodesac individebi da jgufebi mrwamsis gamo SeuZleblad Tvlian, an moralurad ewinaarmdegebian kanonis zogadi motxovnebis dacvas: zogiertebi ewinaarmdegebian gansazrvruli sakvebis mirebas, sxvebi _ garkveuli tansacmlis tarebas, zogiertisatvis samxedro samsaxuri arrvevs Rrma religiur rwmenas da sxva. amgvar praqtikas mraval Tanamedrove demokratiebsi iyenebs umravlesoba. mnisvnelovania, rom kanonebi, romlebic gavlenas axdens religiasa da rwmenaze, ise iyos formulirebuli, rom gacnobierebuli iyos konstituciuri normebisa da adamianis uflebata standartebis zogadi saxelmzrvanelo principebi. specifikuri sakononmdeblo gamonaklisebi ki imgvarad unda iyos formulirebuli da realizebuli, rac samartlianad CaiTvleba ketilsindisieri mowinaarmdegisatvis da imavdroulad zedmet tvirtad ar daawveba mat, visac ara aqvs aseti winaarmdegoba. nebismieri adamianisatvis obieqturi interesi da friad legitimuri uflebaa, rom personaluri informacia mis Sesaxeb cnobili gaxdes saxelmwifostvis Tu sxva subieqtistvis mxolod im farglebsi, ra farglebsic es mistvis aris subieqturad misarebi. personaluri informaciebis dacvis ufleba dasavlur iurisprudenciasi ert-ert umnisvnelovanes ZiriTad uflebad ganixileba da Sesabamisad, mis dasacavad demokratiul saxelmwifoebsi qmediti iuridiuli zomebi miireba. mag.: romelime kerzo iuridiuli piris mier calkeuli adamianis Sesaxeb mirebuli informaciis, mag.: piris janmrtelobis an adamianis sxvadasxva finansuri tranzaqciebis Sesaxebi nformaciebisa Tu cnobebis Sesaxeb da a. S. saxelmwifostvis gadacema dasavletis saxelmwifoebsi, garda mkacrad gansazrvruli gamonaklisebisa, dasasvebia mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu adamiani amis Sesaxeb Tavad miscems Tanxmobas. dres saqartvelosi intensiurad inergeba eleqtronuli piradobis mowmobebi, romelsac umokles drosi logikurad miebmeba sxvadasxva sabanko gadaricxva Tu adamianis sxva socialuri eleqtronuli aqtivoba. mogexsenebat, rom sabanko gadaricxvebi da saertod _ fuladi operaciebi komerciul saidumlos miekutvneba. ratom? swored imitom, rom matma gaxmaurebam SeiZleba zarali miayenos mewarmes. igive SeiZleba itqvas kerzo pirzec da ufro metic: warmodgenili informaciis swori analizi sakmarisad zust surats xatavs konkretul personaze, rac ukve arrvevs misi piradi cxovrebis xelseuxeblobas, zrudavs adamianis Tavisuflebas da zrdis ZiriTadi uflebis _ rogoricaa personaluri informacia _ xelyofis risks. mitumetes dres, rodesac msoflio kiber-terorizmis Semotevebs igeriebs, romlis magalitic gvaqvs, rodesac 2008 wlis agvistos movlenebis dros rusetis mxridan gatyda qartuli oficialuri organoebis saitebi da informaciebi SeiZleba araketilmosurneebis xelsi armoceniliyo an armocnda. amastan, arasodes ar aris gamoricxuli xelisuflebis satavesi iseti Zalebis mosvla, romlebmac SeiZleba es informacia sakutari interesebistvis _ sxvebis winaarmdeg gamoiyenon. yuradreba unda gavamaxvilot kidev ert ZiriTad uflebaze, romelic el. piradobis mowmobis SemoRebiT SeiZleba SeizRudos _ es aris adamianis Rirsebis ufleba. Rirsebis ZiriTadi ufleba ganavitares germanelma iuristebma meore msoflio omis Semdgom periodsi da misi arsi pirdapir daukavsires qristianul mozrvrebas, kerzod _ bibliur Canawers, romlis Tanaxmad adamiani RvTis xatad aris Seqmnili. swored qristianul mozrvrebaze dayrdnobit asabuteben germaneli mecnierebi adamianis Rirsebis gansakutrebul mnisvnelobas, romelic ganimarteba rogorc _ adamianistvis RmerTis mier miniwebuli TavisTavadi Rirebuleba. 16

17 Tanamedrove msoflio iurisprudenciasi gavrcelebuli mosazrebebis Tanaxmad el. piradobis mowmobebis ualternativo danergva zrudavs pirovnebis Tavisufali ganvitarebis ZiriTad uflebas. es ufleba saqartvelos konstituciis me-16 muxlit aris daculi da igi, garda sxva aspeqtebisa, adamianis informaciuli TviTgamorkvevis uflebasa da misi personaluri informaciebis dacvas itvaliswinebs. saqartvelosi el. piradobis mowmobebis SemoRebis Semdeg warmoisveba safrtxe adamianis personaluri informaciebis kerzo seqtoris gavlisa da personaluri informaciebis ertian sainformacio bazasi mudmivi bazirebisa. moqalaqeebi daculni ar arian mati SeuzRudavi katalogizaciisagan, rac seriozuli safrtxis Semcvel movlenad unda iqnes arqmuli. ID baratebis sistema saxelmwifos azlevs SesaZleblobas avtomaturi (da ara personalurad moziebis) rejimit iqmnebodes nebismieri moqalaqis srulfasovani profili, rac ertmnisvnelovnad ewinaarmdegeba pirovnebis Tavisufali ganvitarebis ZiriTad uflebas. zogadad, iseti mnisvnelovani da sazogadoebistvis aqtualuri gadawyvetileba, rogoricaa eleqtronuli piradobis mowmobebis danergva, sazogadoebastan aqtiuri konsultaciebisa da dialogebis Semdeg unda miirebodes. imas rom eleqtronuli baratebis ukan riskebi nawilobriv ukve dgas, ar uaryofs aravin, im qveynebsic ki, sadac es sistema nawilobriv danergilia da mnisvnelovani gamocdileba daugrovdat. mtavaria am riskebis Sefaseba da Sepirispireba mosalodnel siketeebtan. upirveles yovlisa, sasurvelia saqartvelosi samartlis sauketeso specialistebs Soris gaimartos debatebi el. baratebtan dakavsirebit, rata mocemuli problemebis Sesaxeb Sejerebuli samartlebrivi pozicia Camoyalibdes. garda amisa, unda Sedges SedarebiT farto sazogadoebrivi ganxilvebi, rac mosaxleobas miscems sasualebas Seiqmnas srulfasovani warmodgena el. piradobis mowmobebis pozitiur da negatiur aspeqtebtan dakavsirebit. saboloo gadawyvetileba ID baratebis danergvis Taobaze, swored da aucileblad, sazogadoebis poziciis Sesabamisad unda iqnes mirebuli. amas garda, mizansewonilia barats ar miebas, sul mcire - kerzo momsaxurebebze, mag.: sabanko operaciebis ganxorcielebaze xelmisawvdomobis uzrunvelyofis funqcia. dabolos, saqartvelosi dres mimdinare sulieri arorzinebis procesi, xalxis (gansakutrebit _ axalgazrdobis) moqceva sarwmunoebisaken, eklesia-monastrebis gansacvifrebeli momravleba, religiuri literaturis da informaciis nakadis saocari zrda, Cveni drois saswauli _ yovladwmida samebis grandiozuli tazris aseneba, da ra Tqma unda _ saqartvelos sulier mamad da winamzrvrad RvTis kacis _ uwmindesisa da unetaresi ilia II-is movlineba, natlad gvicvenebs, rom visminet uflisa da kvlav davadeqit mis gzas, rac Cveni gadarcenis, gamarjvebis da RvTivsulieri, harmoniuli ganvitarebis sawindars warmoadgens. magram, es im SemTxvevaSi, Tu sulieri gulgriloba ar dagvzalavs da kvlav ar ganvudgebit ufals da mis mozrvrebas. 17

18 Archpriest Basil Akhvlediani Security of Personal Information as a Fundamental Precondition for Business Development Resume All-round development of economic activities both in secular and religious spheres is crucially important for Georgia nowadays. Financial strength of the church and the state ensures spiritual and economic well-being of a nation. Georgia can achieve this goal through taking proper legal, organizational, economic and managerial measures. Evereyone has the right and it s in his/her interest that personal information about him/her be informed to the state or other people only as much as it s acceptable for him/her. Protection of personal information is considered to be one of the fundamental right in the European and American legislation and consequently, to protect such information adequate legal measures are taken in democratic countries. The decision of introduction of electronic identity cards, which is very important for the society, had to be made after consultations and dialogue with the society. The fact that there are some risks with e-cards is recognized even in the countries where they have considerable experience with this system. It s very important to evaluate these risks and compare them with the expected benefits. It s desirable that the best law specialists have debates regarding e-id in order to have the common legal position. 18

19 valeri arrutasvili religiuri turizmis ganvitarebis perspeqtivebi Sida qartlsi Sida qartlis regions religiuri turizmis ganvitarebis didi potenciali aqvs. mxaris otxive municipalitetsi (gori, kaspi, qareli, xasuri) arsebobs araerti kulturul-istoriuli da religiuri Zegli. aqedan gamomdinare, turizmi SesaZloa gaxdes regionis grzelvadiani ganvitarebis umnisvnelovanesi winapiroba. bolo wlebis dinamikit Sida qartlis regionsi turistebisa da vizitorebis nakadebi sagrznoblad izrdeba. Tumca, arsanisnavia, rom turistuli obieqtebis damtvalierebelta didi nawili warmoadgens vizitorebs da ara turistebs. Sida qartlis regioni mdidaria religiuri ZeglebiT. aq mravladaa qvit naseni cixesimagre, koski, tazari. regioni ert-erti yvelaze mdidaria istoriuli ZeglebiT, rac iwvevs did interess religiuri turizmit dainteresebul turistebsi. Sida qartlis regionsi arsebuli moqmedi eklesia-monastrebi qristianuli tradiciebit momlocvelta interesis obieqti gaxdeba. Sida qartlsi religiuri turistuli obieqtebia: gorijvari; goris sakatedro tazari; atenis sioni; ufliscixe; idletis ioane natlismcemlis eklesia; saqadagianos wminda dimitris eklesia; sarolasenis RvTismSoblis mizinebis eklesia; yinwvisis monasteri; bietis monasteri; winarexi; wveris wminda giorgis eklesia; rkonis kompleqsi; Zamis cixe; suramis cixe- simagre; qvisxetis cixe; wromis tazari; urbnisis sionis tazari;metexis RvTismSoblis tazari; qvataxevis wminda giorgis eklesia; samtavisis tazari; ertawmindis tazari; alis dedarvtisa; alis kviracxovlis eklesia; berletis wminda giorgis eklesia; bijnisis wminda marines eklesia; brilis RvTaebis, RvTismSoblis, wminda giorgis eklesiebi; xcisis wminda giorgis da ioane natlismecmlis eklesiebi; wablovanis wminda giorgis eklesia; samwverisis eklesia; sarkis (saryis) monasteri da sxv. Sida qartlis regionsi religiuri turizmis ganvitarebas xels Seuwyobs organizebuli turebi. aucilebelia Camoyalibdes piligrimuli marsrutebi. SesaZlebelia turebis organizeba Semdegi saxit: samtavisi (X-XI ss) - samtavisis tazari mdebareobs kaspis municipalitetsi, kaspidan CrdiloeTis mimartulebit 11 km-is dasorebit, sofel samtavisis centrsi; ertawmindis tazari (XIII s-is I nax.) - ertawmindis tazari mdebareobs kaspis municipalitetsi, kaspidan 10 kilometrsi samxret-dasavletis mimartulebit; metexis RvTismSoblis mizinebis tazari (XII-XIII ss) - mdebareobs kaspis municipalitetsi. tazari XII-XIII saukuneebit TariRdeba, Tumca, garkveuli istoriuli cnobebit, am adgilas eklesia gorgaslis epoqidan arsebobs; rkonis kompleqsi (VII -XVIII ss) - rkonis kompleqsi mdebareobs kaspis municipalitetsi, misgan samxret-dasavletit 20 kilometris mosorebit, mdinare TeZmis marcxena napirze; atenis sioni (VII s-is I naxevari) - goris municipalitetsi, goridan 12 km-si, sofel atenis odnav mosorebit, mdinare tanis marcxena napiras, gzis piras; ufliscixe (Zveli weltarricxvit VI-IV ss) - ufliscixis naqalaqari mdebareobs goris municipalitetsi, q. goris armosavletit 20 kilometrze, mdinare mtkvaris marcxena napirze; gorijvari - wminda giorgis saxelobis gorijvris tazari VIII-IX s-is nageboba. religiuri turizmis ganvitarebis strategiis CamoyalibebisaTvis aucilebelia regionis SWOT analizi, romelic gvicvenebs religiuri turizmis ganvitarebis upiratesobebs, SesaZleblobebs, naklovanebebs da safrtxeebs regionsi. 19

20 Zlieri mxareebi S mdidari kulturuli memkvidreoba; regionis xelsayreli geografiuli mdebareoba; erovnuli mnisvnelobis religiuri Zeglebis simravle; istoriuli sasuliero gimnaziis arseboba, romelsac SenarCunebuli aqvs pirvandeli, istoriuli saxe; mowesrigebuli sagzao infrastruqtura; adgilobrivi mosaxleobis tradiciebi; sasualo da umarlesi saganmanatleblo dawesebulebebi. susti mxareebi - W konfliqtur zonastan siaxlove; arasrulyofili infrastruqtura (sastumroebis, kvebis obieqtebis Tanamedrove standartebtan Seusabamoba da momsaxurebis dabali done); turistuli momsaxurebis arasatanado done; kvalificiuri kadrebis nakleboba; religiuri Zeglebis amortizaciis marali done; finansuri resursebis da ucxouri investiciebis arasakmarisi odenoba; turistuli obieqtebis mimdebare teritoriebis dasuftavebis problemebi da sazogadoebrivi sapirfaresoebis ararseboba; municipalitetebis satransporto periferiuli gzebis mouwesrigebloba. SesaZleblobebi - O safrtxeebi - T Sida qartlis regionsi religiuri turizmis ganvitareba; goris municipalitetis turistuli marsrutis centrad Camoyalibeba, saidanac moxdeba turistuli marsrutebis gasla qarelis, kaspis da xasuris mimartulebit; adgilobrivi da ucxouri investiciebisatvis mimzidveli garemos Seqmna; religiuri turizmisa da mastan dakavsirebuli saqmianobebis popularizacia; Sida qartlis socialur-ekonomikuri mdgomareobis gaumjobeseba xels Seuwyobs mosaxleobis dasaqmebas da Semosavlebis zrdas. konfliqtur regiontan siaxlove; garemos dabinzureba da ekologiuri mdgomareobis gauareseba; istoriul-kulturuli memkvidreobis degradacia da dakargva; qaoturi mseneblobebi da istoriularqiteqturuli stilis darrveva; dabali kvalifikaciis kadrebis monawileoba istoriul ubnebis reabilitaciasi; turizmis calkeuli segmentis aratanmimdevruli, qaoturi ganvitareba. turistebisa da vizitorebis raodenobis matebis ganmapirobebel faqtorta Soris arsanisnavia regionul doneze infrastruqturis mowesrigebis RonisZiebebi, zogadad qveyanasi kriminaruli mdgomareobis dastabilureba, qveynis turistuli potencialis popularizaciis miznit gatarebuli RonisZiebebi. turizmis infrastruqtura - warmoadgens gantavsebis (sastumroebi, otelebi, kempingebi, saojaxo-kerzo sastumroebi da sxv.) da satransporto sasualebebis, sazogadoebrivi kvebis, gartobis, sportuli, samkurnalo, religiur-sakulto, SemecnebiTi, saqmiani da sxva danis- 20

21 nulebis organizaciebis, turoperatoruli da turagenturuli saqmianobit dakavebuli da aseve turistul-saeqskursio da gid-tarjimnebis momsaxurebis mimwodebeli organizaciebis ertobliobas, romelic uzrunvelyofen turistebis xarisxian da operatiul momsaxurebas. arnisnuli momsaxurebis efeqtianobis gasaumjobeseblad Sida qartlis regionsi aucilebelia ganxorcieldes Semdegi RonisZiebebi: asendes Sesabamisi standartebis mqone sastumroebi da moxdes kerzo pirebis daintereseba saojaxo sastumroebis mosawyobad; aucilebelia qalaqsi arsebuli gasartobi centrebisa da dasvenebis adgilebis (parkebis, skverebis, kinoteatrebis da sakoncerto darbazebis) ketilmowyoba; aucilebelia sazogadoebrivi sapirfaresoebis mowyoba; aucilebelia qalaqis SesasvlelebTan da centralur ubnebsi gantavsdes qalaqisa da municipalitetis rukebi, romelzec datanili iqneba yvela RirSesaniSnavi religiuri turistuli obieqtebi, mattan misasvleli gzebi, kvebis obieqtebi, sastumroebi, turizmis sainformacio centrebi, savadmyofoebis, fostis da policiis Senobebi da sxva administraciuli obieqtebi; avtosadgurebze, rkinigzis sadgurebsa da municipaluri transportis gacerebis adgilebze aucilebelia gantavsdes turistebisatvis qartul da inglisur enaze transportis ganrigisa da mimartulebis macvenebeli dafebi; aucilebelia municipalitetebsi arsebul turistul obieqtebamde misasvleli gzebis msenebloba, reabilitacia da ketilmowyoba, rac gulisxmobs gzis safaris mowesrigebas, gare ganatebis sistemis damontajebas da sagzao nisnebis dadgmas. Sida qartlis regionsi religiuri turizmis ganvitarebisatvis aucilebelia Semdegi momentebis gatvaliswineba im miznit, rom gamoswordes arsebuli mdgomareoba: unda gaumjobesdes komunikacia da koordincia regionis da qveynis dedaqalaqis turistul saagentoebsa da obieqtebs Soris, rata moxdes regionis turistuli potencialis srulad atviseba; unda amarldes koordinaciis xarisxi TbilisSi moqmed turistul saagentoebsa da Sida qartlis municipalitetebsi arsebuli turistuli obieqtebis warmomadgenlebs Soris; Sida qartlis regionsi ar funqcionirebs arcerti turistuli saagento, ris gamoc turistta umravlesobis Sida qartlsi mogzaurobebis koordinacias axorcieleben TbilisSi moqmedi turistuli saagentoebi. Sedegad, ver xdeba Sida qartlsi arsebuli turistuli obieqtebis srulfasovnad da jerovnad atviseba, turistebi da vizitorebi ZiriTadad Semodian mxolod iseti turistuli obieqtebis dasatvaliereblad rogoric, magalitad, aris stalinis muzeumi q. gorsi da ufliscixe. masin, rodesac regionsi bevrad metia religiuri Rirebulebis mqone sxvadasxva turistuli adgili da obieqti; miuxedavad imisa, rom Sida qartlis regionsi garkveulwilad mowesrigda sagzao infrastruqtura, problemas warmoadgens usualod turistuli infrastruqturis ararseboba; mosagvarebelia turistuli obieqtebis dasuftavebis sakitxi, gansakutrebit zafxulis periodsi rodesac turistta da vizitorta nakadebi piks arwevs. aucilebelia aseve turistul obieqtebtan da sazogadoebrivi TavSeyris adgilebze sapirfaresoebis mowyoba. turizmis sferos analizi acvenebs, rom Sida qartlis regions gaacnia religiuri turizmis ganvitarebis marali potenciali, Tumca, am mimartulebis ganvitarebisatvis sawiroa mravalricxovani problemebis dazleva. amas xels Seuwyobs is faqti, rom saxelmwifo prioritetad gansazrvrulia turizmis arorzineba, rac Sida qartlis regions did SesaZleblobas miscems am sferos ganvitarebisatvis. 21

22 gamoyenebuli literatura: 1. m. margvelasvili. turizmis ekonomika. Tb., 2012; 2. Sida qartlis regionaluri ganvitarebis strategia ww.; 3. analitikuri kvleva goris municipalitetsi arsebuli turistuli infrastruqturis Sesaxeb da goris turistuli ganvitarebis strategia. gori 2008; Valeri Argutashvili Perspectives of Religious Tourism Development in Shida Kartli Region Resume Shida Kartli region has good potential for religious tourism development. In all the four municipalities (Gori, Kaspi, Kareli, Khashuri) of the region there are numerous cultural, historical and religious monuments. Hence, tourism might become an important prerequisite for the long-term development of the region. The number of tourists and visitors has been significantly increasing in Shida Kartli region in recent years. However, it should be mentioned as well that most of the people, visiting tourist attractions in the region are not tourists, but visitors. Shida Kartli region is rich in religious monuments. There are a lot of stone castles, towers and churches. There are also many historical monuments in the region, which attract a lot of tourists interested in religious tourism. Tourism sector analysis shows that Shida Kartli region has high potential for development of religious tourism. However, in order to develop this sector it s essential to overcome numerous problems. The fact, that tourism development is regarded to be a priority for the government will support to achieve this goal. 22

23 ekaterine babunasvili kacobriobis ketildreobis aqsioma kacobriobis xsnasia XX-XXI saukuneebis mijnaze kacobrioba axali gamowvevebisa da motxovnebis winase dgas. drevandeli Cveni yofa mravali metad mtkivneuli problemebisadmi sazogadoebisagan swori poziciis SemuSavebas da mis gonivrul gadawyvetas moitxovs. drevandeli msoflios problemata Soris ikveteba isetebi, romlebic sazogadoebisa da azrovnebis ganvitarebis kanonzomierebata aucilebeli, Tu SemTxveviTi Sedegia, da problemebi, romlebic saertod ar aris damokidebuli adamianis neba-survilsa Tu mis moqmedebaze da bunebis ganvitarebis kanonzomierebebsi Sedis. adamianebi am ukanasknelis gadawras mxolod nawilobriv da isic bunebis mecnierebata Semdgomi ganvitarebis wyalobit Tu SeZlebs, rwmenisa da uflis wyalobit. samwuxarod, Tanamedrove msoflios civilizebul da ekonomikurad ganvitarebul qveynebsi oficialurad mirebul ekonomikur Teoriebsa da praqtikul sameurneo-mmartvelobit saqmianobasi, TiTqmis ugulebelyofilia ufali, qristianuli sarwmunoebis principebi da zneobrivi normebi. mteli sazogadoebis mizans amqveyniuri siamovnebis (hedonizmi), bednierebis (evdemonizmi), materialuri dovlatisa da maqsimaluri fuladi mogebis nebismieri sasualebit mireba warmoadgens, 1 da cxadia, rom aset safuzvelze damyarebuli ekonomikis funqcionireba ganapirobebs, saboloo angarisit, `simdidris~ pirdapiri mnisvnelobit garmertebas, codvebis sayoveltaod gabatonebas da adamianta saboloo degradirebas. arada, `mecnierebac da religiac~ ori sasualebaa obieqturi realobis Sesacnobad da isini xels unda uwyobdnen WeSmaritebis gzit kacobriobis ganvitarebas~. 2 Tu davakvirdebit Tanamedrove msofliosi mimdinare ekonomikur procesebs da misgan mirebul Sedegebs, ar SeiZleba ar gacndes sazogadoebasi daukmayofileblobis sindromi `ekonomikis~, rogorc mecnierebis arasrulyofili gagebisadmi, rasac mivyavart am movlenebis sirrmiseul gaanalizebamde da am ukanasknels ki im daskvnamde, rom dris wesrigsi aucilebelia dadges qristianuli sarwmunoebis da ekonomikis RvTiTdadgenili kavsirurtiertobebis `sinergiuli~ gzit Seswavla da gamoyeneba. dres, ise rogorc arasdros, msoflio mosaxleobis ketildreobisatvis aucilebelia Seqmnili situaciis sworad, dawvrilebit, sirrmiseulad da gonebrivad gaanalizeba. kacobrioba (adamiani) warmoadgens im ertadert subieqts, romelic samyarosi srulyofilebistvis aris Seqmnili, romelic RmerTma Tavis xatad da msgavsad Seqmna: `akurtxa RmerTma isini da utxra: inayofieret da imravlet, aavset dedamiwa, daeuflet mas, epatronet zrvasi Tevzs, casi frinvels, yovel cxovels, rac ki dedamiwaze daxoxavs~ 3 (dab. 1, 27-28). aqedan gamomdinare, srulyofilebisatvis Seqmnili `fenomenis~ ketildreobaze zrunva udides pasuxismgeblobas, sifrtxiles, gonierebasa da did sulierebas moitxovs. sazogadoebisatvis mxolod materialuri dovlatisa da sauketeso socialuri pirobebis Seqmna, mati motxovnebis maqsimaluri dakmayofileba ar aris sakmarisi daskvnistvis, rom mati ketildreoba uzrunvelyofilia. rogorc arvnisnet, mecniereba `ekonomika~ adamianta ketildreobisatvis, mati cxovrebis donis gaumjobesebisatvis Seiqmna, romlis ZiriTadi sazrunavi adamiania. amitom, ekonomikis calkeuli disciplinebis ZiriTadi miznebi da amocanebi, dasaxuli prioritetebi da qmediti RonisZiebebi mimartulia kacobriobis winase mdgari problemebis dasazlevad mrvdeli basil axvlediani, giorgi SixaSvili, nikoloz bakasvili. `martlmadidebluri Teologiuri ekonomikisa da martvis safuzvlebi~. Tb.,,,meridiani~, 2009, gv. 30. saqartvelos katolikos-patriarqi ilia II mecnierebis, ganatlebis, kulturisa da xelovnebis Sesaxeb. Semdgenel-gamomcemeli giorgi SixaSvili. Tb., `geokeria~, 2004, gv. 4. biblia. saqartvelos sapatriarqo, Tb 1989, gv

24 ekonomikis mizania ekonomikuri triadis gadawrit bolomde uzrunvelyos adamianta ketildreoba, triadisa, romelic moitxovs _ ra? rogor? da vistvis? kitxvebze, amomwuravi pasuxis gacemas. ra? _ damokidebulia resursebis isviatobaze, anu im uflismier miniwebul talantebze, romelic TiToeul saxelmwifos gaacnia Tavisi originalobis dacvita da identurobis gamoricxvit. rogor? _ damokidebulia im teqnologiur procesebze, romelic gulisxmobs nebismieri jansari metodebis gamoyenebis gzit minimaluri danaxarjebis fonze maqsimaluri mogebis mirebas. vistvis? _ anu vin aris yovelive amis momxmarebeli, romlis gemovnebis preferenciebze xdeba gatvla. ar unda dagvaviwydes, rom kacobriobis ketildreobaze zrunva, TviT am sazogadoebis nawils uwevs, romelta pasuxismgeblobazea mteli samyaros materialuri faseulobebis, Rirebulebebis, dovlatis Seqmna. swori strategiisa da taqtikis SemuSaveba. paisi atoneli wers: `Tu adamiani ar fiqrobs meore adamianze, ar gamodis Tavisi `me~-dan da gamudmebit Tavisi Tavis garsemo trialebs,... is im RerZs mirmaa, romelzec qristea~. 1 dres, rodesac sazogadoebam civilizaciis umarles mwvervals miarwia Tavisi `fasdaudebeli~ rudunebit, isev aqtualur problemad rceba mat ketildreobaze zrunva. mecnierul-teqnikuri progresis gzit Semcirebulma danaxarjebma da gazrdilma mogebam kidev axali kitxva warmoqmna: kerzod, gaizarda Tu Semcirda ketildreoba da masze zrunvis tendenciebi? isev aqtualuria misi gadawris gzebis Ziebisa da dazlevis metodebis SemuSaveba kacobriobisatvis, Tu gapasiurda? ar viqnebit zneobrivad martalni, rom ar arvnisnot mecnierul-teqnikuri progresis mirwevebis did rolsa da mnisvnelobaze kacobriobis cxovrebis pirobebis gaumjobesebasi, misi donis amarlebasa da ketildreobasi. Tamamad SeiZleba itqvas, rom misi Sedegia mosaxleobis sicocxlis xangrzlivobis zrda, gonebrivi, Tu fizikuri datirtvis Semcireba. magram, mtavari is ki ar aris procesi ramdenad umsubuqebs tvirts adamians, aramed tvirtis Semsubuqeba ra gavlenas axdens mis sulierebaze, azrovnebaze. adgili aqvs adamianis mier nateli gonebis realizebas, Tu pirobiti refleqsebis sa- SualebiT axorcielebs yovelives. `bednieria is kaci, vinc hpova sibrzne da vinc goniereba SeiZina! radgan misi SeZena sjobs vercxlis SeZenas da misi mosavali _ xalas oqros.~ 2 (igav. 3, 13,14) `yovelive jer-ars Cemda, aramed ara yoveli umjobes-ars; yovelive jer-ars Cemda, aramed me ara vissa Ãჴelmwifebasa davemorcile. sazrdeli muclisatჳis, da muceli sazrdelisatჳs; xolo RmerTman igica da eseca ganaqarvos; xoloãჴorcni ese ara sizvisatჳs, aramed uflisatჳs, da ufali ჴorcTaTჳs.~ 3 (1 kor. 6, 12-13) arada, Tanamedrove msoflio `arnaxuli~ mecnierul-teqnikuri da teqnologieri revoluciit xasiatdeba. rogorc vicit, mecnierul-teqnikur progressze seriozul zemoqmedebas axdens globalizacia da integraciuli procesebi, romlebic Tanamedrove sazogadoebrivi urtiertobebis ZiriTad masazrdoebels warmoadgenen. mat fonze TiTqosda cxovrebis pirobebi ixveweba da srulyofas ganicdis, magram rtuldeba saerto ekonomikuri mdgomareoba mtel msofliosi. rtuldeba urtiertobebi rogorc saxelmwifoebs Soris, ise pirovnebebs Soris, SeiniSneba umartavi ekonomikuri elementebis arseboba. globalizaciisa da integraciuli procesebis zrdam zogadad da kerzod, mecnierul-teqnikur progressi, daacqara aramdgradi, umartavi ekonomikuri procesebis zrda msofliosi. SeiniSneba msgavsi ekonomikuri modelebit sargebloba sxvadasxva qveynis mier, yovelgvari tradiciuli 1 saqartvelos katolikos-patriarqis, mcxeta-tbilisis mtavarepiskoposisa da biwvintisa da cxum-afxazetis mitropolitis, uwmindesi da unetaresi ilia II-is saardgomo epistole, biblia. saqartvelos sapatriarqo, Tb., 1989, gv uflisa Cunisa ieso qristesi wminda saxareba, tfiliss, kavkasiis namestnikis umtavresis gamgeobis stambasi, gv

25 interesebis gatvaliswinebis garese, rasac mohyveba TiTqosda gaidentureba saxelmwifos ekonomikuri sistemebis modelebisa, rac amzafrebs konkurenciul brzolas bazarze da iwvevs monopolisturi, Tu oligopolisturi tendenciebisadmi ltolvas. es ukanaskneli ki mtavrdeba qaosit, Crdilovani ekonomikuri elementebis momravlebit bazris dasapyrobad, ekonomikuri da finansuri krizisebit, rac mzime tvirtad awveba mosaxleobas. imata socialurad daucvelma fenam, momravlda umusevrebi, gaizarda adamianta mier ertmanetze gamiznuli zewola (eqspansia), ris gamoc imata fsiqiurad, fizikurad, moralurad da socialurad Selaxul adamianta raodenobam, romelta dabalansebasi mxolod ekonomikuri kanonebi da kanonzomierebebi uzluria. `Surma moicva eri uswavleli~. amitom raodenobriv mxares ki ara aqvs gadamwyveti mnisvneloba Sedegis misarwevad, aramed xarisxobrivs eniweba upiratesoba, amis Sesaxeb wminda werilidan vgebulobt. ` utxra eliam xalxs: me erti davrci uflis winaswarmetyveli, baalis winaswarmetyvelni ki otxasormocdaati kacia. mogvcen ori kurati; erti magat amoircion, Sua gakve- Ton da SeSaze Semodon, orond cecxls nu SeunTeben. mec gavamzadeb meore mozvers, SeSaze Semovdeb da cecxls ar SevunTeb... xma gagvec baal! magram arc xma iyo da arc pasuxi. xtodnen samsxverplos win, romelic gamartes... airo eliam Tormeti lodi, ramdeni Stoc iyo ZeTagan iakobis, romlis mimart iyo uflis sityva, israeli iqnebao Seni saxeli... Camoedina wyali irgvliv samsxverplos da wylit aivso Txrili. 1 (3 mef. 18, 22-35) kacobriobas uwevs mglur kanonebtan Widili da brzola arsebobisatvis, gadarcenisatvis, rac arabunebrivad xorcieldeba. kacobrioba ver an ar iyenebs samyaros ise, ristvisac mas mieca. qveyana adamians mieca, rogorc `sakvebi~, rogorc sicocxlis sasualeba, magram sicocxle, upirvelesad RmerTTan urtiertoba unda iyos. samyaro da sakvebi mistvis Seiqmna, rata mati sasualebit RmerTTan hqonoda kavsiri adamians. mxolod RvTis gulisatvis mirebul sakvebs SeeZlo cxovelmyofeli yofiliyo. adamis (kacobriobis) usazrvro tragediaa is, rom man sakvebi ariqva, rogorc `sicocxle Tavis TavSi~, e.i. is erwmuna sakvebs, roca rwmenisa da sasoebis ertaderti sagania RmerTi. `pir atqs da ara ityvian, Tual asxen da ara xedven. yur asxen da ara esmi, cxvir asxen da ara iynosen~ (fsalm. 113, 13-15) 2, mat aviwydebat, rom samyaros Semoqmedi RmerTia: `uflisa aris qveyniereba da savseba misi, samyaro da misi mkvidrni~ (fsalm. 23, 1-2). 3 kacobriobis gadarcenisatvis uflis madlit ganbrznobil adamianta mier dawerili ` biblia~ aris satave im ZiriTadi wyarosi, romlidanac unda ikvebebodes yvela mecniereba da mat Soris ekonomikac, is, rom biblia aris wigni samyaroze da adamianze, kacobriobasa da mis momavalze, mis saboloo bedirbalze, mis yoveldriur yofa-cxovrebaze. `adamiani _ Sesaqmis gvirgvini~ ar aris mxolod lamazi sityvebi. wminda werilis mtavari yuradreba mimartulia kacobriobisaken, RmerTi kravs kavsirs mastan, romelic atarebs mis xatebas da mowodebulia msgavsebis misarebad (ganrmrtoba _ Teozisi) kavsiri RmerTsa da kacs Soris, RmerTsa da xalxs Soris, RmerTsa da kacobriobas Soris... kavsiri yoveltvis ormxrivia. 4 faqti, romelic samwuxarod realuria, natlad gveubneba, rom nawili kacobriobisa arabunebrivi wesebis gamoyenebis sasualebit cdilobs moirgos samyaros martva, anomaliuri metodebi moaxvios sazogadoebas da CaaTvlevinos mat isini, rogorc bunebrivi movlenebi da kanonzomierebebi biblia. saqartvelos sapatriarqo, Tb., 1989, gv locvani da fsalmunni, gamomcemloba `gvirgvini~, Tb., 2008, gv locvani da fsalmunni, gamomcemloba `gvirgvini~, Tb.2008, gv. 52. biblia. saqartvelos sapatriarqo, Tb., 1989, gv

26 swrafi tempebit ganvitarebadma civilizaciam, mecnierul-teqnikuri procesis dacqarebam, internacionalizaciam, gazlierebulma migraciulma procesebma, ucxouri kapitalis Tavisufalma mozraobam, globalizaciis tempebis dacqarebam, cxadia, ufro rtuli, Zviri da sasisi gaxda kacobriobis ketildreobaze zrunva da misi dadebiti Sedegebis gamokveta, misi usafrtxoeba. mas ra xdeba? es mxolod ekonomikuri mecnierebis ususurobaa, Tu zogadad ekonomikis mecnierebis arasrulyofilebis Sedegi? dres msoflio erti saerto dilemis winase dgas. es dilema is didi jvaria, romelic mtel kacobriobas aqvs sazidi, rom am jvars ufali gvazlevs da misi zidva zogjer gvimzims da zogjer gvimsubuqdeba (adamianis sulieri mdgomareobidan gamomdinare), Tumca es imas ar nisnavs, rom kacobrioba ar monawileobs Tavisi jvris SeqmnaSi, romlis vertikali sulieri kavsiria ufaltan, xolo horizontali _ sulieri kavsiri sxva adamianebtan. amgvarad, kacobriobam unda Seqmnas ori sulieri Zeli, romelic gulisxmobs: swrafvas RvTisken da swrafvas moyvasisken. pavle mociquli ambobs: `urtiert ars simzime itvirtet da esret arasrulet sjuli qrestesi~. 1 ufali Segvagonebs kacobriobas, `movedit Cemda yovelni masuralni da tჳrt-mzimeni, da me gangisuჱno Tquჱn. ariret ureli Cemi Tquჱn zeda, da iswavet Cemgan: rametu msჳd var da mdabal gulita; da hpovot gansuჱnebaá sulta TquჱnTa. rametu ureli Cemi tkbil ars, da tჳrti Cemi subuq ars.~ (mat. 11, 28-30) 2 `globalizacia aris gardauvali movlena da ukavsirdeba mecnierul-teqnikuri progresis ganvitarebas. SeiZleba itqvas, rom mteli msoflio gaxda globaluri, magram es sulac ar nisnavs imas, rom didma qveynebma unda STanTqon mcire qveynebi~. 3 zogs hgonia, TiTqos mcire erebis sulieri, Tu erovnuli faseulobani qmnis konfliqts da dapirispirebas, rac SesaZloa mtrobasa da SuRlSi gadaizardos. sinamdvilesi es sulac ar aris ase. es faseulobani, mati mravalferovneba, piriqit, amdidrebs msoflios, gamoricxavs konfliqts da dapirispirebas, Tumca, amave dros sawiroa Camoyalibdes sakacobrio RirebulebaTa zneobrivi RerZi, romelic xels Seuwyobs civilizaciata Soris dialogs. mtavari is aris, rom Tanamedrove procesebis mimdinareobasi kargad unda gaviazrot sad aris subieqti da sad aris obieqti. obieqti Zalian xsirad erebia da subieqti cdilobs Tavisi ideebi moaxvios Tavs im obieqts da amoiros is erovnulzneobrivi, sulieri monapovari, faseulobani, rac Zalian sasisia CvenTvis. unda vicodet, ra aris misarebi da ra ara, ra aris fsevdokultura da ra WeSmariti Rirebuleba. amitom, araswori xedva da arqmis deficiti iwvevs ganvitarebis sxvadasxva doneze myof saxelmwifoebsi cxovrebis arastabiluri tempebis SenarCunebis gamotanabrebas. ekonomikuri urtiertobebis umetes wils bazari aregulirebs motxovna-miwodebis wonasworobis safuzvelze, romlis fonze ikveteba ganvitarebuli (Zlieri), ganvitarebadi (sasualo) da naklebad ganvitarebuli (susti) qveynebi, am ukanasknelis eqspansiis xarjze xdeba Zlieri saxelmwifoebis monopolisturi poziciebis SenarCuneba msoflio bazarze. arada, esec araswori midgomaa, radgan wminda werili gvaswavlis, rom Zlieri unda emsaxurebodes susts: `xolo Tquჱn ara egre iyunet; aramed udidesi igi Tquჱn Soris iyavn mrwem, da wina-mzruari igi, vitarca msaxuri. vin ars ufrosi, romeli inaჴit hzis, anu romeli hmsaxurebs? anu ara romeli igi inaჴit hzis? xolo me var Soris Tquჱnsa, vitarca msaxuri.~(luk. 22, 26,27) 4. 1 saqartvelos katolikos-patriarqis, mcxeta-tbilisis mtavarepiskoposisa da biwvintisa da cxum-afxazetis mitropolitis, uwmindesi da unetaresi ilia II-is sakvirao qadageba, 27 marti, uflisa Cuenisa ieso qristesi wminda saxareba, tfiliss, kavkasiis namestnikis umtavresis gamgeobis stambasi, gv saqartvelos katolikos-patriarqi ilia II mecnierebis, ganatlebis, kulturisa da xelovnebis Sesaxeb. Semdgenelgamomcemeli giorgi SixaSvili. Tb., `geokeria~, 2004, gv uflisa Cuenisa ieso qristesi wminda saxareba, tfiliss, kavkasiis namestnikis umtavresis gamgeobis stambasi, gv

27 `uketu me dagbanen ferჴni, ufalman da mozruarman, da Tquჱnca Tana-gaZs urtiertars dabanad ferჴta... ara ars mona ufros uflisa Tჳsisa, arca mociquli ufros momavlinebelisa Tჳsisa. ese Tu hscnat, netar xart, uketu hyofdet amas.~ (ioan. 13, 14,16,17) 1 `Raribs nu waartmev, radgan Raribia igi, becavs karibwestan nu dacagrav. radgan ufali gamoesarcleba mat da mis mzarcvelta suls gazarcvavs.(igav. 22, 22-23) 2. drevandel msofliosi mteli ekonomikuri metodebis gamoyeneba arsebitad xdeba mxolod erti Sedegis misarwevad: miiron mogeba, Seqmnan dovlati, magram rogor da ra parametrebit, amas mnisvnelobas ar aniweben. aviwydebat, rom `Senia ufalo mefoba, yvelaze armatebuli xar mtavrad. simdidre da dideba Sengan modis, Sen ganageb yovelives, Sens xelsia Zala da Zliereba, Sens xelsia yovelives gandideba da ganmtkiceba. (1 nest. 29,11-12). 3 `sibrznec daifaravs kacs da fulic daifaravs, magram sibrzne upiratesia; mis mflobels acocxlebs~ (ekl.7,12) 4. adamiani gamudmebit bednierebisa da siamis ZiebaSia, magram myar da mudmiv bednierebasa da siames ver povebs, Tumca ezebs dajinebita da Seupovrad. igi sul ufro da ufro izens met codnas, iumjobesebs cxovrebis pirobebs, magram iqneba ki Jami, roca adamiani meti ganvitarebis wyalobit bolosdabolos moipovebs bednierebas dedamiwaze? Tu ki gadavxedavt kacobriobis ganvitarebis istorias, vnaxavt, rom es imedi fuwia. ratom? imitom, rom im dros, roca mecniereba, xelovneba, kanonmdebloba da sxvani TavianTi ganvitarebisa da srulyofis umarles xarisxs arwevda, imave dros adamianis bunebasi arsebuli boroteba Tavis mxriv vitardeboda mistvis Cveuli ZaliTa da Tavs icenda kacobriobis zneobriv dacemasi. Cven TiTqmis ver vaswrebt Tvali vadevnot mecnierta warmatebebs, sxvadasxvagvar armocenebs adamianuri yofis yvela dargsi da ar vicit, rara dagvrcenia kidev adamianis sicocxlesive Sesamsubuqebeli da ketildreobis Sesaqmneli, magram aris ki dedamiwaze amjamad imaze ufro meti bedniereba, vidre uwin? iklo siraribem? avadmyofobam? gaxda ki cxovreba iafi? advili? ufro sasixarulo? gaqra ki adamianta mwuxareba? ampartavnobis, sixarbis, fufunebis, sizarmacis, garyvnis, damonebis ganvitarebas didi asparezi Seeqmna. mas sad vezebot bedniereba? simsvide? sad aris misi sawyisi? 5 wminda werili gvpasuxobs `mis Tana cxovreba iyo, da cxovreba igi iyo natel kacta.~ (ioan. 1,4). 6 drevandelma civilizebulma, industriulma gonebam ar unda daiviwyos, rom betlemis gamoqvabulsi Sobilma WeSmaritebam, xorcsesxmulma RmerTma Cvenma ieso qristem, pirvelma mohfina nateli mecnierebis winsvlas. 7 mecnierul-teqnikurma progresma mogvca arnaxuli Zalaufleba bunebis asatviseblad, magram es Zalaufleba unda iyos gamoyenebuli adamianis ara sulieri dauzlurebis, aramed misi ketildreobisa da sulierebis amarlebistvis, am sityvebis globaluri gagebit. mecnierebisa da teqnis mirwevebis gonivruli gamoyeneba samyaros ayvavebis sawindaria da imavdroulad am mirwevebis uaryofiti mimartulebebit ganvitarebam SeiZleba sicocxlis nisanwyalic ki ar datovos Cvens planetaze uflisa Cuenisa ieso qristesi wminda saxareba, tfiliss, kavkasiis namestnikis umtavresis gamgeobis stambasi, gv biblia. saqartvelos sapatriarqo, Tb., 1989, gv biblia. saqartvelos sapatriarqo, Tb., 1989, gv biblia. saqartvelos sapatriarqo, Tb., 1989, gv saqartvelos erovnuli akademia, gelatis sasuliero akademia(samecniero konferenciis masalebi),tbilisi gv uflisa Cuenisa ieso qristesi wminda saxareba, tfiliss, kavkasiis namestnikis umtavresis gamgeobis stambasi, 1879, gv.168. saqartvelos katolikos-patriarqi ilia II mecnierebis, ganatlebis, kulturisa da xelovnebis Sesaxeb. Semdgenelgamomcemeli giorgi SixaSvili. Tb., `geokeria~,

28 `RmerTsa, romelman Sehqmna sofeli da yoveli, ra ars mas Sina: ese cisa da quჱyanisa ars ufali, araãჴelitqmnilta tazarta Sina damkჳdrebul-ars, arca kacobrivtaãჴelita mier imsaxurebis, vitarmca moqene vissame iyo, rametu igi Tavadi mohscems yovelta cxovrebasa, da sulsa yovlit-kerzo. da Sehqmna ertisgan sisxlisa yovelni natesavni kactani, damkჳdrebad yovelsave zeda pirsa quჱyanisasa ganacinna, dawesebulni Jamni da sazruris-dadebani damkჳdrebisa matisani. moziebad RmrTisa, da uketumca vin eziebda, hpovamca igi; da rametu arca Sor ars kacad-kacadisagan Cuჱnisa: rametu mis mier cxovel-vart, da viqcevit, da vart, vitarca igi vinme Tquჱnganni sityჳs-moqmedni ityჳan: romlisa igi natesavca varto. 1 (saqme 17, 24-28) yvela dros Tavisi tkivili aqvs da gageba am tkivilisa mecnierebis ert-erti umtavresi amocanaa. amistvis ki, rogorc wminda ilia martali gvmozrvravs, WeSmariti mkvlevari, vitarca ganmkitxveli, jer im droebis qerqsi unda Cajdes da mere ganikitxos TviT droebis Svilnica. es rom ar iyos, kaci verc sabuts upovis cxovrebas da verc azrs gaugebs. amitom Cvenc unda vikitxot: ra dro aris axla? istoriis romel periodsi gviwevs cxovreba? rogoria megaekonomikuri orientaciis mtavari prioritetebi, msoflio ekonomikuri azrovnebis ganmsazrvreli Rirebulebebi? `Zveli qronografebi (mematianeebi) istorias yofdnen ramdenime periodad _ adamianis asakis Sesabamisad: pirveli periodi: adamidan noemde _ es aris yrmoba kacobriobisa, meore periodi: noedan abraamamde _ bavsvoba kacobriobisa, mesame periodi: abraamidan mosemde _ siwabuke kacobriobisa, meotxe periodi: mosedan qristemde _ sivajkacis anu mowifulobis xana kacobriobisa. mexute periodi: qristessobidan moyolebuli _ sibere kacobriobisa.~ 2 dres ki, rogorc politologebi arnisnaven, 2001 wlis 11 seqtembers ass-si datrialebulma tragediam msoflios auwya kacobriobis istoriasi axali, uprecedento postmodernis epoqis dawyeba, rac moitxovs saxelmwifoebsa da xalxebs Soris saukuneobit arsebul urtiertobebis Zireul gadasinjvas. TiTqos paradoqsulia, magram rac ufro Zlieria ekonomikuri, Tu samxedro TvalsazrisiT saxelmwifo, mit ufro did safrtxes uqmnis mas saertasoriso terorizmi, romlis Tavdasxmis obieqti SeiZleba gaxdes atomuri eleqtrosadgurebi, qimiuri qarxnebi, gasaidumloebuli laboratoriebi da sxva mnisvnelovani obieqtebi. swored am globaluri saerto safrtxis da msoflio masstabis saertasoriso TanamSromlobis TvalTaxedviT unda gadaisinjos yvela problema, romelic xels uslis saxelmwifota TanamSromlobasa da xalxebis ketildreobas, ganvitarebis stabilurobas. es msofliosi Seqmnili axali realobis ertaderti gonivruli alternativaa. geopolitikuri kutxit, Tanamedrove saertasoriso urtiertobata sistema efuzneba metoqeobas ara er-saxelmwifoebs, aramed er imperiebs Soris. swored es iqneba ert-erti yvelaze mtavari damaxasiatebeli nisani Cveni cxovrebisa, romelsac zetanamedrove ewodos, periods, sadac degradirebuli kacobriobis nawili cdilobs moirgos samyaro araswori, arabunebrivi metodebis gamoyenebis fonze da gvtavazobs bunebriv formatsi. yovelive zemottqmulidan gamomdinare mivdivart ert daskvnamde, romelic gvazlevs sasualebas gavaketod gonivrulad gaazrebuli miksi, rom: 1. yvela am problemis gadawra SeuZlebelia mxolod ekonomikuri faqtorebis sasualebit. aucilebelia sinergiuli socialuri ekonomikis ganvitareba; 1 uflisa Cuenisa ieso qristesi wminda saxareba, tfiliss, kavkasiis namestnikis umtavresis gamgeobis stambasi, 1879, gv arqimandriti rafaeli, qristesoba. ix.: arqimandrit rafaelis qadagebebi, statiebi da saubrebi. Targmna maia nikolazem. gaz. `jorjian Taimsi~ N 052(264), , 2004, gv

29 2. ar aris sakmarisi da srulyofili Seqmnili problemis sibrtyiseuli arqma, sadac atvlis sistema sakoordinato sibrtyis RerZebis gadakvetis wertilia, Tu ar iqna am problemis sivrciseul WrilSi ganxilva, sadac uzenaesi ufalia, xolo atvlis wertili ki sjuli; 3. ar aris martebuli simdidrisa da mogebis kerpiseuli gageba, rogorc kacobriobis motxovnata dakmayofilebis ZiriTadi sasualeba, Tu ar iqna gaazrebuli mtavari, rom `kacs RmerTi azlevs qonebasa da simdidres da imis Snosac, rom moixmaros, miiros wili da gaixaros Tavisi SromiT; es yvelaferi RvTis wyalobaa.~ (ekl. 5,18) 1 ; 4. ar unda iqnas gagebuli ise, rom qristianuli sarwmunoeba ganikitxavs simdidres da mdidar adamians, adamianis sameurneo saqmianobis Sedegi nivtieri dovlatisa da fulis Seqmna-dagrovebaSi gamoixateba da iqamde didi sjulis kanonsia natqvami: `simartlit SeZenili da siketesi daxarjuli simdidre ar unda davamcirot~. 2 da ara ise, rogorc es dres xdeba: `ucxouri qveynistvis daxmareba dres is fulia, romelsac mdidari qveynis Raribebi ixdian da Raribi qveynis mdidrebi ireben (evan ezari)~ 3 ; 5. ar aris sakmarisi ariareba imisa, rom sworad Camoyalibebul ekonomikur Teoriebsa da faqtorebs SeuZliaT ganapirobon kacobriobis arsebobis `puris Seqmna~, Tu ar iqna mxedvelobasi mirebuli, rom `ara mose mogca Tquჱn puri zecit, aramed mamaman Cemman mogca Tquჱn puri WeSmariti zecit~ (ioan. 6, 32) 4 ; `weril ars, rametu ara purita xolo hscxondebis kaci, aramed yovlita sityჳta, romeli gamovals pirisagan RmrTisa.~ (mat. 4, 4) 5 ; 6. marto ariareba imisa, rom aucilebelia Teologiur-ekonomikuri principebis SemuSavebac _ ar aris sakmarisi am problemis srulyofili gadawrisatvis, Tu ar iqna gatvaliswinebuli kacobriobis mmartvelobis romel periodamde mivyavart am problemis veqtors. ra aris amis gamosasworeblad sa- Wiro da ratom? amitom mivdivart im msjelobamde, rom Zirfesvian Seswavlas, gaanalizebas da imdroindeli garkveuli gamocdilebebisa Tu Sexedulebebis danergvas moitxovs drevandeli Seqmnili situacia. mxedvelobasi gvaqvs msajulta mmartvelobis periodi, rata davanaxot axlandel da momaval Taobebs, rom kacobriobis ZiriTad politikur, ekonomikur, socialur Zalas da sizlieres mtkice religiuri grznoba, SiSi, siyvaruli uflisa da krzalva misdami Seadgens, romelic ganapirobebda Teokratiuli periodis idealuri martvelobis periodad ariarebas kacobriobis istoriasi. dabolos, ra raodenobis reformebi, Teoriebi, koncefciebi, mtkicebulebebi, argumentebi, praqtikuli magalitebi ar unda ganvixilot _ udavoa, rom kacobriobis ketildreobaze zrunvis aqsioma kacobriobis zneobriv cxovrebasi, e.i. codvisagan xsnasia biblia. saqartvelos sapatriarqo, Tb 1989, gv didi sjulis kanoni. Rangris krebis kanonebi. mux. 21. msoflio ekonomika, SoTa vesapize, eka lekasvili, ambrosi grisikasvili, nana aslamazisvili, Tb.2008, gv uflisa CuÀnisa ieso qristesi wminda saxareba, tfiliss, kavkasiis namestnikis umtavresis gamgeobis stambasi, 1879, gv uflisa Cuenisa ieso qristesi wminda saxareba, tfiliss, kavkasiis namestnikis umtavresis gamgeobis stambasi, 1879, gv.5. 29

30 Ekaterine Babunashvili The Axiom of Human Well-being is in Deliverance of Humanity Resume On the boundaries of XX- XXI century, mankind is facing new challenges and requirements. Today s life calls for making up right position and reasonable solutions for many burning problems by society, which includes the following: 1. It s impossible to solve all these problems only with the help of economic factors. The development of synergistic economy is essential. 2. It s not enough to consider problems in a flat-way, where the starting-point is crossing point of axes of coordinate plane, but to consider the above mentioned problems in a spatial view where Supreme is the God and the starting-point is Law. 3. It s not right to make wealth and profit an idol as a main way of meeting needs of mankind, if we don t take into account the most important fact that is the following: God gives a man property and wealth and ability to use it, get his share and enjoy his working; all these are God s favour (Ecclesiasticus.5,1) 4. We shouldn t assume that Christianity dooms wealth and rich man. The result of a man s trades is reflected in accumulating of material wealth and money, and it is said even in Testament Law: We mustn t humiliate wealth, which is gained by a right way and which is spent on good things. But nowadays The help for foreign countries is money paid by the poor of rich countries and received by the rich of poor countries. It s not enough to admit, that properly formed economic theories and factors can provide creation of bread for existence of mankind. We should consider the fact that It wasn t Moses who gave you bread, but God (John 6,32) 5. There is a letter which reads that salvation isn t due to bread, but due to all those words uttered by God (Matthew 4,4) 6. It s not enough as well to admit that making up theological-economic principles is essential to solve this problem thoroughly, if we don t take into account the period of governance where this problem vector goes to. What is necessary to correct it and why? That s why, we come to the conclusion that current situation requires thorough study, analyzing and implementing of certain experience and views of that period. We mean the period of Judge Governance in order to let our recent and future generation, that main political, economic, social power of mankind is solid religious feeling, fear, love and reverence to God, which on the other hand provided the recognition of theocratic period as an ideal governance period in the history of mankind. 7. And lastly, after reviewing so many reforms, theories, concepts, evidences, arguments, practical examples we come to an evident conclusion that axiom of caring about well-being of mankind is moral life of mankind, i.e. saving from sin. 30

31 ineza gagnize ganatlebisa da rwmenis urtiertkavsiris sinergiuli efeqtis Sesaxeb Tanamedrove msofliosi inteleqtualuri saqonlisa da momsaxurebis msoflio bazari tradiciul bazrebze xutjer ufro swrafad izrdeba 1. arnisnulidan gamomdinare, nebismieri saxelmwifostvis mnisvnelovania ganatlebis sferos martva-funqcionirebis efeqtianobaze zrunva. sazogadod, ganatleba aris codnis, unaris, daxelovnebis, azrovnebis kulturis, xasiatis, da sxva Tvisebebis swavlebisa da ganvitarebis procesi legalur saswavlo dawesebulebebsi. saswavlo aqtivoba gulisxmobs codnis warmoebasa da ganawilebas, romelic tardeba regularulad saswavlo institutebsi, dawesebulebebsi an sxvagan. aqcenti aset dawesebulebebsi gaketebulia oficialurad mirebul saganmanatleblo sistemaze. aqve isic unda arinisnos, rom arsebiti saswavlo procesebi mimdinareobs sxva institutebsic, rogoricaa eklesiebi, samxedro dawesebulebebi, samoqalaqo organizaciebi, klubebi, biznes-firmebi da sxva. mokled ganvixilot ganatlebis sistemasi saxelmwifos Carevis aucileblobis argumentebi da saxelmwifos saganmanatleblo funqciebi. ganatlebasi saxelmwifos Carevis aucileblobis argumentebia: gare efeqtebis arseboba; saxelmwifos mier umciresobis uflebebis dacva; ganatlebis rolis zrda demokratiis ganvitarebasi; sastarto SesaZleblobaTa Tanasworobis uzrunvelyofa; saerto Rirebulebebis dadgenis aucilebloba; ganatlebis efeqtis gansazrvra ekonomikur zrdaze. saxelmwifos saganmanatleblo funqciebia: ganatlebis gamowvevebisa da miznebis ganxorcieleba; saganmanatleblo saqmianobis warmartva sxvadasxva doneze; gansazrvrul asakamde savaldebulo ganatlebis mirebis uzrunvelyofa; saswavlo gegmebisa da programebis Seqmna; saxelmzrvaneloebisa da saswavlo masalebis Seqmna; saganmanatleblo dawesebulebebis dafinanseba 2. zemoarnisnulidan Cans, rom saxelmwifos mxridan ganatlebis sistemasi Carevis ert-erti argumentia `sazogadoebasi saerto Rirebulebebis dadgenis aucilebloba~, rac, Cveni azrit, imas gulisxmobs, rom ganatlebis processi aucilebelia gatvaliswinebuli iqnes msoflio Rirebulebebisa da konkretuli qveynis qcevis standartebis gataviseba axalgazrdebsi, rac sabolood unda aisaxebodes mat qcevaze. Cveni qveynis saxelmwifoebriobis 3000 wliani istoriis meore naxevarze meti mtlianad ganisazrvra martlmadidebluri cxovrebis wesita da mistvis ukidures armosavletsi myari placdarmis funqciis arsrulebit, ra rolic Cveulebriv savele brzolasic ki urtulesi Sesasrulebelia da amitom didi qartexilebitac arinisna. Tu am problemas enisa da kulturuli tradiciebis TviTmyofadobis SenarCuneba-dacvisa da TaobebisaTvis gadacemis prizmasi ganvixilavt, surati gacilebit muq ferebsi warmogvidgeba. 1 2 gelasvili s., ganatlebidan mirebuli sargebeli da misi statistikuri gazomvis metodebi, Jurnali ekonomika da biznesi, iv. javaxisvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis ekonomikisa da biznesis fakultetis saertasoriso referirebadi da recenzirebadi samecniero-praqtikuli Jurnali ekonomika da biznesi, Tb. #2, 2012, gv marlakelize S., saxelmwifos roli ganatlebasi, 31

32 martlmadidebluri sarwmunoeba Seisisxlxorca qartvelma erma ara marto Tavisi cxovrebis stilsi, aramed azrovnebasic da asaxa msoflio mnisvnelobis mqone poeziisa da mwerlobis, unikaluri xalxuri folkloris nimusebsi. damoukideblobis ardgenis Semdgom saqartvelos saganmanatleblo sferosi mravali reforma gatarda. mat sazogadoebis mxridan araertgvarovani Sefaseba moyva, vinaidan xsirad urtierobebsi iset normebis danergvas vcdilobdit, rac askarad ewinaarmdegeboda qveyanasi saukuneebis manzilze damkvidrebul urtiertobis wesebs, magalitad, ufrosebisadmi damokidebuleba, sazogadoebrivi TavSeyris adgilebsi qceva da sxva, rac ufro metad fsevdokulturis gavlenaa. imis asaxsnelad, Tu rogor ganatlebas vtvlit misarebad, gvsurs visargeblot wm. gabriel episkoposis sityvebit: `ganatleba marto masin aris kargi da mxolod imistana ganatleba aris kargi, romelic aramarlebs da gaaketilebs kacsa yovlis mxrit, da ara mxolod er- Tsa, Tu gind umarlessa, missa bunebis mxaresa. TviTon swavla aris orpirovani iarari; SeiZleba kacma moixmaros is ketil saqmezec da borotzedac, sasargeblod da sazaralod Tavisa Tvisisa da sxvata. saqme umarlesia sityvaze, cxovreba uzvirfasesia swavlaze. swavlam, ganatlebam unda gaaumjobesos yovelni saqmenni Cvenni, mteli Cveni cxovreba. ra sasargebloa, rodesac kacis goneba savsea mravalgvari codnita, xolo misi saqme da cxovreba srulebit ar gansxvavdeba uswavlel kacta saqmisa da cxovrebisagan~ 1. vfiqrobt, am sityvebsia mocemuli is modeli, rac ganatlebis sistemam kargad unda gaitavisos saqartvelosi. gelatis akademiis daarsebisas didi mefe davit armasenebeli ocnebobda, rom akademia yofiliyo axali ierusalimi da axali ateni. es ormxrivi ketilgonivruli damokidebuleba religiasa da sar azrs Soris dresac devizia qartuli eklesiisatvis. `oriataswlovani istoria Cveni qveynisa natlad mowmobs, rom Cveni kultura, arqiteqtura, mwerloba qristianul sarwmunoebaze iyo dafuznebuli. qristianoba iyo is mtavari Zala, romelzec Sendeboda Cveni sulieri Senoba. amastan ertad, minda vtqva, rom saqartvelosi qristianoba da qristianuli rwmena mudam iyo dakavsirebuli codnasa da mecnierebastan. Cveni istoriidan kargad vicit, rom yoveli monasteri, yoveli sulieri savane ara marto sulieri morvaweobis adgili, aramed didi mecnieruli centric iyo~ 2. arnisnulis sauketeso dadasturebaa, alaverdis monastris marnis magaliti. am maransi `kasrebsi dayenebulma 3 wlianma saferavma da qvevrsi dayenebulma tradiciulma kaxuri tipis Rvinom umarlesi jildoebi daimsaxures. Jurnal _ `dekanteri~-s mier londonsi Catarebul 2012 wlis konkursze warmodgenili iyo mde Rvinis nimusi. qartuli Rvinis marali prestijis ariareba gaxlavt alaverdis monastris marnis `saferavi~-s Rvinis mier mopovebuli regionaluri didi oqros medali _ `gran-pri~. xolo amave konkursze qvevris kaxuri tipis Rvinom brinjaos medali daimsaxura. Tu gavitvaliswinebt imas, rom kaxuri tipis Rvino msofliosatvis ucnobia, brinjaos medlis mopoveba metad sapatioa~ 3. am maransi gaweuli saqmianoba, msoflio Rvinis mwarmoebelta pirveli ateulis wevrma, donato lanatim Seafasa, rogorc `zeenologia~. es ki, Cveni azrit, mirweulia imis gamo, rom aq ganatlebasa da religias Soris dapirispireba ar aris da qcevis motivi ganisazrvreba sarvto sjulit. nebismier morwmune adamians gatavisebuli aqvs, `romelman icodis ketilisa saqme da ara qmnes, codva ars misa (iak. 4;17) da `yovelsave rasaca iqmodit, gulitad iqmodet, vitarca uflisasa da nu vitarca kactasa~ (kol. 3; 24). 1 qadagebani imeretis episkoposis gabrielisa _ t. I, Tb., rwmena da codna, patriarqi ganatlebisa da mecnierebis Sesaxeb, saqartvelos sapartriarqos wmida andria pirvelwodebulis saxelobis qartuli universiteti, ISBN , gv Rlonti T., qartuli qvevris tradiciuli Rvinis didi saertasoriso ariareba, 32

33 is, rom ganatleba (codna, mecniereba) da rwmena ertmanets ar ewinaarmdegeba, da piriqit, azlierebs erturts, arnisnulia msofliosi cnobili moazrovneebis sityvebsi. i. v. goete werda: `rogoradac ar unda moindomos adamianma, buneba da massi mimdinare procesebi gonebaze unastod ar iyofa, anu yvelgan da yvelafersi rceba adgili iracionalurisatvis, rwmenisatvis~ 1. m. ebneresenbaxi fiqrobda, rom: `mteli codna iwyeba ewvit da mtavrdeba rwmenit~ 2. a. ainstaini werda: `mecniereba religiis garese xeibaria, xolo religia mecnierebis garese - brma~ 3. cnobili mkvlevari m. planki werda: mecniereba da religia sinamdvilesi ar upirispirdebian ertmanets, aramed nebismieri moazrovne kacisatvis isini aucilebelia ertmanetis Sesavsebad da gasarrmaveblad 4. didi mecnieri a. amperi axalbedebs aswavlida: `ufrtxildi marto mecnierebis Seswavlas. iswavle, gamoikvlie qveynieri; es valia mecnieris kacisa; garna xilul qveyanas ganicdide ertis TvaliT, meore ki daucxromelad miapyar saukuno natels. ertis xelit gamoikvlie buneba, meorit ki, rogorc bavsvs mamis kalta, gepyras bolo RvTis samoselisa~ 5. saqartvelos katolikos-patriarqi ilia II wers: `zogjer amboben: mecniereba da rwmena ertmanets ewinaarmdegebao. ar aris swori. gana SeiZleba isini daupirispirdnen urtierts, rodesac Cveni yofis sul sxvadasxva sferoebs moicaven: rwmena _ suliers, mecniereba _ materialurs? isini ertmanets ki ar gamoricxaven, aramed avseben da aucilebelni arian pirovnebisa da sazogadoebis normaluri ganvitarebisa da arsebobisatvis~ 6. `yoveli sibrzne uflis SiSia da yovel sibrznesi kanonis arsrulebaa... Wkuanakli, magram RvTis mosisi sjobs didad gabrznobils, magram sjulis damrrvevs~ _ gvaswavlis sibrzne ziraqisa (19;20,24). Tavisi gonierebit cnobili mefe solomoni ki miutitebda, rom `uflis SiSi sibrznis satavea, siwmindeta codna ki goniereba~ (igav. 9;10). msjelobis gagrzeleba gvsurs Zveli da axali artqmis mixedvit. bibliasi weria, rom `gveli yvelaze cbieri iyo velur cxovelta Soris, romlebic ufalma gaacina~ (dab.3;1) 7 (aseve sxva TargmanSi mocemulia, `xolo gveli iyo ugonieresi yvela mxecs Soris qveyanaze, romlebic Seqmna ufalma~ 8 ). gvelma icoda, Tu ra moyveboda akrzaluli xilis mirebas (e.i. Zvel artqmasi cbiereba, goniereba izomeboda codnis da informirebulobis Sesabamisad) da RvTis SiSis garese arsebulma asetma codnam, Seacdina edemis mkvidrni da RvTis wyevlis tvirtit daakargvina mat uflis samyofeli. daiwyevla adamic (`miwa daiwyevlos Sens gamo: tanjvit miirebde misgan sazrdos mteli sicocxle. pirofliani Wamde purs...~ dab 3;17-19), evac (`satanjvels gagimravleb...~ dab. 3;16) da gvelic (`muclit ixoxde da mtveri Wamo mteli sicocxle...~ dab. 3;14). xazgasasmelia, rom uflisgan daiwyevla ara marto Semcdeneli (gveli), aramed misi damjernic, romlebmac ugulebelyves uflis darigeba. Semdgom, axal artqmasi gveli asocirdeba sibrznestan (sagulisxmoa, rom gveli armosavletsic sibrznis simbolodaa micneuli). sasurvelia gavixsenot, rom Zvel artqmasi moses mier gvelis udabnosi amarlebis faqti moxseniebulia axal artqmasic, rac Zveli da axali artqmis damakavsirebeli ert-erti xidia. ioanes saxarebasi weria, `vitarca-igi mose aramarla gueli udabnos, egret jer ars amarlebai Zisa kacisai~ (ioane 3;14). 1 rwmena da codna, dasaxelebuli nasromi, gv K kuprava v., sibrznis saunje, nakaduli, Tb., 1987, gv rwmena da codna, dasaxelebuli nasromi, gv Rirsi mama aleqsi (SuSania) _ Tb. 1999, gv K kalandaze g., saqartvelos dideba, RvTiuri sibrznis martlmadidebluri enciklopedia, Tb., 2009, gv biblia, saqartvelos sapatriarqos gamocema, Tb., 1989, gv Zveli artqma (axali Targmani Tanamedrove qartul enaze, xelm: protopresviteri giorgi gamrekeli), 33

34 borotebis simbolodan gvelis sibrznis simbolod metamorfozas sauketesod xsnis beri efrem filoteveli `da rogorc yoveli, gvelisagan dakbenili, Zelze Camokidebuli rvalis gvelis Sexedvisas ikurneboda, aseve qristianic, romelsac swams qristesi, iswrafvis uflis cxovelsmyofeli iarebisken, irebs mis xorcs da svams yovladwmida sisxls, codvis sulieri gvelis nakbenisgan ikurneba. am yovladwmida sazrdos mirebit mas ezleva sicocxle, rom ganaxldes da axal qmnilebad iqces~ 1. amgvarad, uflis SiSis garese borotebadqceuli codna uflis rwmenit suftavdeba da misgan kurtxeuli xdeba axal simarleebze asasvlelad, kerzod, `aha me migavlineb Tquen, vitarca cxovarta Soris mgelta: iyvenit ukue mecnier, vitarca guelni, da umanko, vitarca tredni (mt.10;16). da rajams migcnen Tquen, nu hzrunavt, vitar anu rasa ityodit, rametu mogeces Tquen mas Jamsa Sina, rasa-igi ityodit. rametu ara Tquen iyvnet metyuelni, aramed suli mamisa Tquenisai, romeli ityodis Tquen Soris (mt.10; 19-20). analogiuri azria mocemuli wmida werilebsic, kerzod, `mixaris ukue TquenTvis da mnebavs Tqueni, raita brzen iyvnet ketilistvis da umanko borotistvis~ (rom.16,19), aseve, `rametu siwrfoebita da WeSmaritebiTa RmrTisaiTa da ara sibrznita xorcielita, aramed madlita RmrTisaiTa viqceodet sofelsa Sina~ (II kor.1;12). arnisnulidan gamomdinare, SegviZlia davaskvnat, rom rwmenisa da ganatlebis (codnis, mecnierebis) ertianobasi yvela saidumlos gasarebi Zevs, `saidumlosa mas RmrTisasa da mamisasa da qristessa, romelsa Sina arian yovelni saunjeni sibrznisani da mecnierebisani dafarulni~ (kol. 2;2,3), amitom, wm. mociquli iakobi wers: `vin ars brzen da mecnier Tqven Soris, acvenen ketilad svlisagan saqmeni Tvisni~ (iak. 3.13). vfiqrobt, swored arnisnulis gamo, wers saqartvelos katolikos-patriarqi ilia II, rom: `Tavisi funqciis sworad Sefasebas da Sesrulebas inteligencia SeZlebs mxolod masin, Tu Tavis codnas rwmenas daukavsirebs. oden am SemTxvevaSi miarwevs is did da sasurvel Sedegebs... saqartvelos kulturuli, inteleqtualuri, Tundac materialuri potencialis arorzineba sulieri amarlebit unda daiwyos. mecnierebis da mis warmomadgenelta suliereba iqneba satave Cveni qveynis ganaxlebisa~ 2. About Synergistic Effect of the Relationship between Education and Beliefs Resume Ineza Gagnidze The paper discusses the arguments of necessity for the intervention of the state in the education system and the educational functions of the state. One of the arguments of the state s in the education system is "the necessity to establish the general value " in the society. Therefore, we believe that the norms introduced as a result of reforms to the educational system of the country must not be contrary to the established rules and customs for centuries in Georgia that were determined by the influence of Christian religion. That means generation of harmonic dependence between knowledge and faith in individual. This view is supported by the work of thinkers: Goethe, Planck, Einstein and others' statements. There are also the opinions of Saint Ilia the Righteous (Ilia Chavchavadze), Saint Gabriel Bishop (Kikodze) and Catholic-Patriarch of all Georgia Ilia II. Based on the Old and New Testaments, the issue of transformation of the snake from the symbol of evil to the symbol of wisdom is explained. 1 beri efrem filoteveli, mamobrivi darigebani, wminda ioane natlismcemlis savane Cakiduli Txemebi, Tbilisi, 2012, gv kalandaze g., dasaxelebuli nasromi, gv

35 irina gogorisvili martlmadidebeli eklesia da saqartvelos saxelmwifos mseneblobis idea saqartvelos saxelmwifos msenebloba saqartvelos moqalaqeebistvis uzenaes nacionalur ideas unda warmoadgendes. mxolod am sazrvrebsi Tanxvdeba ertmanets erovnuli da nacionaluri interesebi. mati Tanxvedris CarCoebs sazrvravs saxelmwifo. am sakitxis ganxilva jerjerobit rtulia, radgan saqartvelosi mcxovrebi mravalricxovani erebisa Tu erovnebata warmomadgenlebi Tavs,,umciresobaTa warmomadgenlebad Tvlian. dres ase sakitxis dayenebas da mis yovelmxriv ganxilvas yoveltvis politikuri xasiati ezleva. sainteresoa sakitxis dayenebisa da masze msjelobis winapirobebi. termini _,,umciresoba, misi survilebi, uflebebi, ariarebuli an araariarebuli demokratiuli faseulobebi politikuri Sinaarsis mqonea. sinamdvilesi mat araferi ar akavsirebt im adamianebis problemebtan romlebic,,umciresobad inatlebian. ratom vfiqrobt ase? amastan dakavsirebit, upirveles yovlisa, gavixsenot, rodis da sad daiwyo am terminis gamoyeneba. Cveni varaudit, es Soreul preistoriul warsulsi moxda, radgan ekonomikur interesta jgufebi masinac arsebobda, rodesac adamianebma terminebis politikuri, ekonomikuri, interesebi, konfesiebi, eklesiebi da a.s. arseboba ar icodnen. uzvelesi droidan adamianebi sakutari survilebis realizaciistvis jer individualurad epaeqrebodnen ertmanets, Semdeg ki, ganvitarebis procesebsi mat miaxvedra intuiciam jgufebsi gaertianebis upiratesoba. swored am periodidan daiwyo jgufuri interesebis gamaertianebeli, ufro marali gansazogadoebis donis mqone interesebis, armoceneba. gansazogadoebis marali donis interesebis gacenis safuzvels warmoadgenda garkveul teritoriaze mcxovrebi mosaxleobis saerto survilebi. rogorc wesi, saerto survilad cxaddeboda mocemul geografiulad gansazrvrul teritoriaze mcxovrebi, mkafiod gamoxatul interesta Zlieri jgufis wevri da privilegiebis mosurne adamianebis ekonomikuri da sxva miznebi. istoriuli ganvitarebis processi cvlilebas ganicdis ara zogadad interesta jgufebi, aramed mati miznebis katalogi da am mizanta mirwevis instrumentebi (formebi). samwuxarod, sxvadasxva konfesiis eklesiebis mmartveli elitisa da saxelmwifota satavesi mdgomi privilegiebis mqone interesta jgufebi xsir SemTxvevaSi ertmanets upirispirdebodnen. amis safuzvelzec gacnda mat Soris Camoyalibebuli urtiertobata dakanonebuli damokidebuleba, romelic cnobilia, rogorc: cezaropapizmi, papicezarizmi da konkordati. rogorc vxedavt, Cvenma qveyanam (ara SemTxveviT) konkordati aircia. ekonomikuri TvalsazrisiTa da winapirobebit saqartvelosi jerjerobit ar arsebobs samoqalaqo sazogadoebis mseneblobis swori gzis Sesaxeb warmodgena. am gzaze bevri riski da qimeraa. mat Soris arsebul labirintebsi rom gaviarot da sabolood ar davmarcxdet (rom araferi vtqvat ganadgurebaze), aucilebelia gaverkviot Semdeg sakitxebsi: ra aris samoqalaqo sazogadoebis mtavari faseuloba?; sad, rogor da vis mier Sendeboda samoqalaqo sazogadoeba; ra winapirobebis codnaa sawiro samoqalaqo sazogadoebis asaseneblad; rogoria xelisuflebis roli samoqalaqo sazogadoebis mseneblobis processi; rogoria sxvadasxva konfesiis interesebi da roli samoqalaqo sazogadoebis mseneblobis processi. rogorc vxedavt, samoqalaqo sazogadoebis mseneblobis gzaze konfesiata interesebi yoveltvis xelisuflebis interesebs ar emtxveva. swored amitom Cndeba konfliqturi situa- 35

36 ciebi, romlebsic miuxedavad ariarebuli,,magiuri kvadratis,,,svidkutxedisa Tu sxva uzenaesi miznebis arsebobisa, upiratesoba periodsa da winapirobebs unda mivcet. mxolod am safuzvelze unda CamovayaliboT qartuli saxelmwifos msenebloba, rogorc uzenaesi mizani. saxelmwifos mseneblobis idea da mis safuzvelze warmoqmnili mizanta katalogi garkveul RirebulebaTa sistemas efuzneba. ganvitarebis sawyis stadiaze igi Cveulebriv bundovania da ar aris mkafiod gamokvetili. ganvitarebul samoqalaqo sazogadoebas ki arabundovani, gamokvetili RirebulebaTa sistema gaacnia. amdenad, igi bevrad gansxvavdeba saxelmwifos mseneblobis sawyis etapze myofi sazogadoebis mier ariarebuli Rirebulebebisagan. am sakitxebis kvleva zogadad rtuli saqmea, radgan ganvitarebis sxvadasxva doneze myofi sociumebi ertmanetisgan mnisvnelovnad gansxvavebul RirebulebaTa sistemas ariareben. amave dros, TviT ert romelime sociumsi Semaval im fenebs Sorisac, romlebic ekonomikur interesta jgufebs warmoqmnian, aris SesamCnevi sxvaoba. igi (es sxvaoba) obieqtur winaarmdegobas warmoqmnis da Sesabamisad rogorc ganvitarebas, aseve, SesaZlebelia ukansvlasac uwyobdes xels (Tu misi droulad Serbileba ar moxda). saxelmwifos mseneblobis idea, rogorc mtavari Rirebuleba, propagandasa da sazogadoebis TiToeul wevramde dayvanas moitxovs. mteli rigi problema (meqrtameoba, korufcia, narkotrafiki, trefikingi, sisxlis samartlisa da samoqalaqo samartlis garkveuli danasaulebi da sxva darrvevebi), rac ganvitarebis procesebsi Cndeba, yvela sociumsi yoveltvis masin mwvavdeba, rodesac samoqalaqo sazogadoebis mseneblobis ideebi saxelmwifos mseneblobis ideit ar aris ganmtkicebuli (SekavSirebuli). sad, rogor da vis mier Sendeba samoqalaqo sazogadoeba? amas kitxvebs pasuxi rom gavcet, SeZlebisdagvarad unda gavmijnot ertmanetisgan TiToeuli kitxvis armocenebis areali. sad xorcieldeba samoqalaqo sazogadoebis msenebloba? rasakvirvelia im samartlebriv iuridiul sivrcesi, romelic saxelmwifos mseneblobis ideis realizaciis safuzvelze yalibdeba. saqartvelosi sociumis aqtivobis samartlebriv-iuridiul sivrcit dafarvis sidide (maqsimaluri, minimaluri an sasualo) saxelmwifos mseneblobis ideis gavrcelebita da realizaciit isazrvreba. rogor xorcieldeba, anu, ra instrumentebis gamoyenebis safuzvelze mimdinareobs samoqalaqo sazogadoebis msenebloba? am kitxvaze pasuxis gacemisas aravin gaaprotestebs demokratiuli normebisa da metodebis gamoyenebis martebulobas, magram gana vinmes aqvs absoluturad swori warmodgena demokratiul principebze? sadme mimdinareobs msjeloba am principebze mati moqmedebis pozitiur da negatiur Sedegebze?. cxadia, rom Tu arnisnuli procesebi sazogadoebasi farto ganxilvis sagani ar gaxdeba manamde sociumis wevrta lanzrva da gakicxva, Tu ratom ar arian isini demokratiulni, safuzvels moklebulia. vin asenebs samoqalaqo sazogadoebas _ umravlesoba Tu umciresoba? rasakvirvelia mteli sazogadoeba, romlis wevrebi Tavs garkveul ekonomikur interesta jgufebs miakutvneben. rogorc vxedavt, problema swored ekonomikur interesta jgufebis kulturul-ekonomikuri, anu saxelmwifos mseneblobis ideit mati datvirtvis donit ganisazrvreba. rac Seexeba samoqalaqo sazogadoebis mseneblobis winapirobebs, mat Soris sami ZiriTadi Semadgenelia: mentaluri, kulturuli da ekonomikuri. es is Semadgenlebia, romlebic nacionalur ideas (anu saxelmwifos mseneblobis uzenaes ideas) gansazrvravs. Cvens interess mentaluri Semadgenlis gamokvleva warmoadgens. igi, rogorc wesi, armsareblobit ganisazrvreba. amave dros sociumis mentalobaze, mis cnobierebaze mnisvnelovan zemoqmedebas axdens ganatleba da masobrivi informaciis sasualebebi. samive sasualeba, matze zemoqmedi faqtorebis (damacqarebeli an Semaferxebeli) CaTvliT, sociumis aqtivobas axasiatebs, mas astimulirebs an zrudavs. 36

37 xelisuflebas samoqalaqo sazogadoebis mseneblobis processi didi roli aqvs, radgan igia yoveltvis pasuxismgebeli ekonomikuri politikis instrumentta arcevasa da mati gamoyenebis Sedegebze. demokratiis principebze saxelmwifos asenebis idea ar gulisxmobs xelisuflebis mxridan sazogadoebasa da mis SemadgenlobaSi myof, mkafiod SemosazRvrul, ekonomikur interesta jgufebze zemoqmedebas. ufro metic, demokratiuli sazogadoebis wesrigis politikis Sualedur mizans permanentulad ekonomikur interesta jgufebs Soris da ara umravlesobasa da umciresobas Soris (radgan umciresobaca da umravlesobac moqalaqeebisgan Sedgeba romelnic konstituciurad Tanasworuflebianni arian) wonasworuli balansis ardgena warmoadgens. amave dros xazgasmit minda arvnisno, rom xelisufleba,,pedagogi ar aris da mis funqcias sulac ar warmoadgens sociumis arzrda. piriqit, sociumis arzrdis mcdeloba im metodebit, romlebic mtel msofliosi gamoiyeneba (igulisxmeba dasacuqrebisa da dasjis, wartmevis metodebi) SesaZlebelia moklevadian periodsi gvazlevdes pozitiur efeqtebs, grzelvadian periodsi ki mzime negatiuri SedegebiT xasiatdeba. am problemastan dakavsirebit magalitebi msofliosa da saqartvelos uaxles istoriasi uxvad moipoveba (egviptesi mimdinare procesebi amaze metyvelebs). mizezi, Tu ratom aris SeuZlebeli xelisuflebis mxridan sazogadoebis,,arzrda, Zalian martivia. demokratiis principebze saxelmwifos mseneblobis aucilebeli pirobaa Tavisufali, demokratiuli arcevnebis Catareba. sociumis mier arceul xelisuflebas garkveuli drois ganmavlobasi saxelmwifos martvaze ndobis mandati gadaecema. amave dros es sulac ar nisnavs sazogadoebis Tanxmobas Seasrulos, xelisuflebis brzanebebi aucileblad da upirobod sazogadoebriv RirebulebaTa sistemis cvlilebebtan dakavsirebit (mit umetes, Tu am motxovnebisa da brzanebebis mirma mcirericxovani jgufebis ekonomikuri interesebi dgas). ufro metic, arcevnebsi gamarjvebis Sedegad swored xelisufleba unda irebdes sazogadoebasi gabatonebul RirebulebaTa sistemis dacvisa da ganvitarebistvis xelsewyobis uzrunvelyofas. rogorc vxedavt, sociumistvis,,gakvetilebis Catareba da,,sasinao davalebebis Sesrulebis motxovna xelisuflebis uflebamosileba ar aris. agretve, unda arinisnos, rom saxelmwifos mseneblobis xangrzliv processi aucileblad mimdinareobs sazogadoebriv RirebulebaTa sistemis cvlileba da am processi xelisuflebac monawileobs. xelisufleba uflebamosilia ara sabazro da administraciuli (direqtiuli) berketebis gamoyenebit, aramed mxolod demokratiuli metodebit Camoayalibos sazogadoebis aqtivobisatvis sasurveli garemo. aset garemosi ara marto ekonomikurad dainteresebuli mcirericxovani jgufebis mier, aramed mteli sazogadoebis udidesi nawilis TanxmobiT moxdeba RirebulebaTa sistemis evoluciuri cvlilebebi (anu sociumi TviTon icvlis Rirebulebebs). demokratiuli procesebis safuzvelze xelisuflebis gadawyvetilebebi unda efuznebodes ara marto arasamtavrobo organizaciebis, aramed ZiriTadad qveynis moqalaqeta nebis gamoxatulebas (plebisciti, referendumi da sxva). demokratiuli principebis moqmedebis pirobebsi xelisuflebis xelsi sazogadoebaze zemomqmedi instrumentebis arc Tu didi arsenalia Tavmoyrili. xazgasmit gvinda arvnisnot, rom amgvar instrumentebs floben: saxelmwifos sazrvrebsi oficialurad moqmedi konfesiebi, masobrivi iformaciis sasualebebi, samecniero saganmanatleblo dawesebulebebi da sazogadoebis mier ariarebuli avtoritetebi (ganatlebuli adamianebi). aseti avtoritetebi yvela Cvens mier naxseneb sazogadoebriv institutebsi arian Tumca mati gamoyeneba (saxelmwifos da ara xelisuflebis interesebsi) sociumis arzrdis mimartulebit ar mimdinareobs. samagierod mat xsirad ekonomikur interesta mcirericxovani jgufebis politikis gasatareblad iyeneben. 37

38 amastan, mkitxvelis yuradrebas gavamaxvileb metad rtul sakitxze konfesiata ekonomikur interesebze. unda variarot, rom demokratiuli saxelmwifos mseneblobis idea sazogadoebasi myof ekonomikur interesta jgufebs arapirdapiri gzit xelisuflebis xelt arsebuli berketebis flobis survils TandaTanobiT daukargavs. es procesi daiwyeba masin, rodesac xelisuflebis institutebi uars ityvian mosyidvis, urcta dasjis (am SemTxvevaSi damnasaveta dasja ar igulisxmeba) metodebsa da sociumze mbrzaneblur zemoqmedebaze. es procesi, martalia didi xarvezebit da Zalze nela, magram mainc ukve daiwyo. imeds gamovtqvamt, rom igi samsoblos interesebsi warmatebit ganxorcieldeba. es nisnavs, rom ekonomikur interesta jgufebis interesi gadainacvlebs sazogadoebaze zemoqmedebis mqone istitutebis SemadgenlobaSi moqmed subieqtebze. amastan dakavsirebit mnisvnelovania,,samsoblosa da,,saxelmwifos cnebata urtiertdamokidebulebas davukvirdet. nebismier qveyanasi mcxovrebi adamianebis umravlesoba saxelmwifos samsoblos damcav organizaciad da sazrvrad ariqvams. nacionaluri idea samsoblos arqmastan da gacnobierebastan ertad ibadeba, magram mxolod saxelmwifos daarsebis SemTxvevaSi povebs gafartoebisa da ganvitarebis SesaZleblobas. samoqalaqo sazogadoebis wevri adamianebi ertmanetisgan gansxvavdebian armsareblobit, kulturit, samewarmeo unarita da sxva mravali maxasiateblit, magram samsoblos isini mocemuli saxelmwifos sazrvrebsi unda ariarebdnen. rodesac garkveuli subieqturi an obieqturi mizezebis gamo es kavsiri darrveulia, masin adamianta jgufebi TavianTi istoriuli samsoblos an sulac ucxo qveynis nacionaluri (saxelmwifo) interesebis realizaciistvis iwyeben saqmianobas. am process mattvis ara marto saxelmwifo interesebtan konfliqti mosdevs, aramed im moqalaqeta jgufebtanac, romlebic samsoblos mocemuli saxelmwifos sazrvrebsi ariqvamen. arnisnul SemTxvevebSi yalibdeba vitareba, romelic saxelmwifos institutebis, arasamtavrobo organizaciebisa da sxva nacionaluri Tu saertasoriso organizaciebis mxridan aqtivobas,,cecxlze navtis dasxmad aqcevs. aseti konfliqtebis likvidacia urtulesi problemaa da Zalismieri metodebis gamoyenebis SemTxvevaSi, igi kidev ufro Rrmavdeba. ismeba logikuri kitxva: vin aris (romeli institutebi) pasuxismgebeli aseti konfliqtebis gacenaze, an vis xelewifeba misi likvidacia? am kitxvaze pasuxi rtuli ar aris, rogorc wesi, obieqtur mizezebs ayalibebs garkveuli xelisuflebis mxridan gatarebuli mcdari ekonomikuri politika, subieqtur mizezebs ki ekonomikur interesta jgufebis mxridan konfliqtis gamomwvevi provokaciuli aqtivoba. sainteresoa, vin flobs warmoqmnili winaarmdegobebis ganeitralebis an likvidaciis SesaZleblobas? isev gavimeorebt, rom Cveni Rrma rwmenit, aset instrumentebs floben: saxelmwifos sazrvrebsi oficialurad moqmedi konfesiebi, masobrivi iformaciis sasualebebi, samecniero-saganmanatleblo dawesebulebebi da sazogadoebis mier ariarebuli avtoritetebi (ganatlebuli adamianebi). amave dros Tu kargad gavaanalizebt Cvens qveyanasi Camoyalibebul situacias SevamCnevT, rom sazogadoebaze zemoqmedebis yvelaze mravalricxovan da efeqtur instrumentebs sxvadasxva konfesiebi floben. Tu davkonkretdebit, am mxriv, cxadia, saqartvelos martlmadidebel eklesias gansakutrebuli pozicia da roli aqvs. gansakutrebuli pozicia gansazrvrulia konkordatis Se- TanxmebiT. 1 am SeTanxmebis safuzvelze saqartvelos martlmadidebeli eklesia, martalia, saxelmwifo religiad ar aris gamocxadebuli (cezaropapizmi ar Camoyalibda), magram misi gansa- 1 xecuriani j., saxelmwifo da eklesia: urtiertobis samartlebrivi aspeqtebi.,,favoriti printsi. Tbilisi gv

39 kutrebuli roli saqartvelos istoriasi Cveni konstituciit ariarebulia. ivane javaxisvili arnisnavs, rom,,mwignobartuxucesi-wyondideli vitarca mtavarepiskoposi da vaziri, sasuliero da saero xelisuflebis SemaerTebeli iyo. amitomac mwignobartuxucess ekitxeboda yvela saqme eklesiebisa da monastrebis, samrvdeloebisa da moweseta Sesaxeb. 1 dres iseve rogorc XII saukunesi, qartuli renesansis periodsi, Cveni samsoblos saqartvelos saxelmwifos sazrvrebsi samoqalaqo sazogadoebis mseneblobis mtavari simzime qartuli martlmadidebeli eklesiisa (rogorc gansakutrebuli rolis mqone konfesiis) da samecniero saganmanatleblo sferos kompetencias warmoadgens. am ori gansakutrebuli mnisvnelobis mqone institutis saqmianobas masobrivi informaciis sasualebata musaoba unda azlierebdes (rac xsirad masmedias masze ekonomikur interesta jgufebis zemoqmedebis gamo kargad ar aqvs gacnobierebuli). arnisnul institutebze zemoqmedebas saxelmwifos saxelisuflebo Stoebi mxolod nacionaluri interesebis realizaciis miznit unda axdendnen. saxareba gvaswavlis _,,miecit keisrisa keisars da RvTisa RmerTs (mar. 12,17). cxadia, Cven ar Segvwevs Zala,,keisrisa keisars srulyofili interpretacia mivcet, magram, ert-erti mnisvnelovani ganmarteba am sityvebisa, sakutrebis sakitxebsi unda veziot. rwmenastan ertad sakutreba azlierebs Cveni samsoblos ekonomikuri interesebis realizaciistvis morvawe sazogadoebrivi institutebis saqmianobas. amastan dakavsirebit martalia gaumartleblad nela, magram mainc mimdinareobs saqartvelos martlmadidebeli eklesiistvis sakutrebis dabrunebis miznit misi ekonomikuri interesebis gansazrvra, dafuzneba da gafartoeba. advili misaxvedria, rom am process Tan mravali arasasurveli precendenti da riski axlavs. magalitad, kerzo ekonomikur interesta jgufebis mier skutari interesebit martlmadidebeli eklesiis ekonomikuri interesebis Canacvlebis agresiuli mcdelobebi. ganvixilot riskebi, romlebic am procestan dakavsirebit ukve moqmedebs da mati ignorireba seriozul safrtxes warmoadgens, ara marto sxvadasxva konfesiistvis, aramed mteli qveynistvisac. arnisnul riskebs Soris mnisvnelovania, kerzo ekonomikur interesta jgufebis mier SedarebiT mcirericxovani jgufebis mobilizebis gzit, moqalaqeta religiur grznobebsa da mentalitetze zemoqmedeba (swored am procestan aris dakavsirebuli romelime regionis moqalaqeta armsareblobis mixedvit,,mcirericxovan da,,mravalricxovan jgufebad gamocxadebisa da dayofis upasuxismgeblo mcdeloba). saertasoriso ekonomikisa da ekonomikuri politikis Teoriisa da praqtikis kursidan cxadia, rom rac ufro mcirericxovania kerzo ekonomikur interesta,,lobisturi jgufi (romelic sakutari kerzo interesebis realizaciistvisa da privilegiebis mirebis miznit gansxvavebuli armsareblobis moqalaqeebs mati mentalitetis safuzvelze upirispirebs ertmanets), mit ufro efeqturia misi moqmedeba. sruliad sawinaarmdego efeqttan gvaqvs saqme mravalricxovani jgufis formirebastan dakavsirebit. amdenad, Tu SevecdebiT riskis dazrvevas, mcirericxovan jgufs arasdros mravalricxovani jgufi ar unda davupirispirot. gansxvavebuli armsareblobis moqalaqeta mentalitetit manipulirebis mosurneta gamoaskaravebaze aranakleb mnisvnelovania sxvadasxva konfesiebis msaxurta agretve mcirericxovani kargad organizebuli lobisturi jgufebis gamovlena da mattan konstruqciuli dialogi (romelic miznad isaxavs religiur niadagze winaarmdegobata xelovnuri garrmavebisa da gaaqtiurebis safuzvelze warmoqmnili grzelvadiani damangreveli Sedegebis gacnobierebasa da mat provocirebasi monawile armsarebelta konfesiebistvis konfliqtze srul pasuxismgeblobis miniwebas). 1 iv. javaxisvili. Txzulebani Tormet tomad, tomi VI, gamomcemloba,,mecniereba. Tbilisi, gv

40 xazgasmit unda arvnisnot, rom zogadad nebismieri xelovnurad, Tu garkveul winaarmdegobata arsebobis safuzvelze, warmoqmnili konfliqtebis riskebis dazrvevis sauketeso sasualebas warmoadgens: regionis moqalaqeta da konfesiebis msaxurta ganatlebis donis amarleba, dapirispirebul mxareta realuri motivaciis ganxilva da mati pasuxismgeblobis sakitxis dayeneba. dabolos unda arvnisnot, rom problemebis mogvareba da sxvadasxva konfesiis wiarsi Tavmoyril upasuxismgeblo manipulatorta ganeitraleba gacilebit dacqardeba religiis kanonis mirebit. Orthodox Church and the Idea of Construction of the Georgian State Resume Irina Gogorishvili The article presents the role of confessions and in particular Orthodox Church in formation of a civil society in Georgia. The Georgian Orthodox Church plays special role in formation of the Georgian nation and the state. Therefore, the constitutional agreement between the state and the church (concordat) imposes special responsibility on the state concerning return of the property and other rights for Georgian Orthodox Church. The article analyses the risks and contradictions, which arise in the process of constructions of a civil society. It especially concerns those groups of economic interests which by instigation use religious feelings of people of others faith against Georgian Orthodox Church and the state interests. The scientific work considers the connection between national idea, process of a structure of the state and a civil society in Georgia. Some possibilities of overcoming the risks accompanying these processes are suggested. 40

41 nodar grzelisvili religiuri turizmi, rogorc msoflio da regionul ekonomikasi saqartvelos integraciis faqtori saqartvelos TviTgamorkveva regionul urtiertobata sistemasi, misi ekonomikuri potencialis gamovlena da ganvitareba, mravali faqtoris gatvaliswinebas moitxovs. Cveni Rrma rwmenit, saqartvelos srulfasovani integrireba regionul ekonomikasi da amit qveynis potencialis zrda da Seuqcevadi ganvitareba, didwilad damokidebulia srulfasovani da marali xarisxis turistuli industriis ganvitarebaze. dres, msoflios integraciuli ganvitarebas safuzvlad yvela qveynis saertasoriso ekonomikuri da kulturuli urtiertqmedeba uzevs. samwuxarod, saqartvelos Tavisi kulturuli potenciali, sauketeso bunebrivi pirobebi, Zalzed umnisvnelod aqvs gamoyenebuli turistuli industriis gansavitareblad. amis ert-ert mtavari mizezi, Cveni azrit, qveynis Siga konfliqtebi da regionuli politikuri dazabuloba iyo, ramac kvanzis tragikulad gawramde migviyvana. swored Seqmnili mdgomareobis gamo, dres saxelmwifo politikis rangsia asayvani, regionuli turistuli urtiertobebis ganvitareba, rasic mnisvnelovani roli turizmis ert-ert saxeobas _ religiur turizms unda mieniwos. martlac, Tu gadavxedavt Cvens konfliqtur regionebs da dremde dapirispirebul qveyanas _ rusets, advili dasanaxia (Tumca, mzime arsaqmeli), rom dapirispirebebi swored ertmorwmune, martlmadidebel erebs Soris moxda, risi umnisvnelovanesi mizezi religiuri faqtoris, misi gamaertianebeli rolis ar gamoyeneba iyo saxelmwifos mier. integraciul procesebsi religiuri turizmis win wamowevas ki SeeZlo da dremde SeuZlia umnisvnelovanesi roli itamasos. Sedegad ki mivirebt ganaxlebul urtiertobebs da gamococxlebul ekonomikas. dresdreobit religiuri turizmi, turistul saqmianobasi ert-erti yvelaze ufro aqtiurad ganvitarebadi mimartulebaa. swored religiuri turizmis mimart mzlavri interesi xdis mas socialuri da politikuri stabilurobis mnisvnelovan faqtorad. msoflio mosaxleobis gadaadgilebasi mnisvnelovani adgili `wminda adgilebsi~ salocavad wasvlas, anu religiur turizms uwiravs. religiuri turizmi, turizmis yvelazed Zvel formas warmoadgens, romelic masin Caisaxa, rodesac msofliosi Seiqmna religiis sxvadasxva mimdinareoba. momlocvelobiti turebi religiur-semecnebit da kulturul-istoriulebisagan gansxvavebit, itvaliswinebs ara mxolod SemecnebiT miznebs, aramed istoriulad Camoyalibebuli salocavi ritualebis Catarebas (sarwmunoebis mixedvit), romelic sruliad gansxvavdeba gasartobi, gamajansarebeli, SemecnebiTi da turizmis sxva saxeobebidan. momlocvelobis saerto safuzvels rwmena warmoadgens. mnisvnelovania is faqti, rom locva an ama Tu im ritualis Catareba yoveltvis exmianeba romelime RvTaebasTan dakavsirebul adgils, bunebriv an adamianis mier Seqmnil sakulto nagebobas (eklesiebi, tazrebi, mecetebi, sinagogebi, samlocvelo saxlebi, xatebi, `wmindanta~ nawilebi), romelta mizans warmoadgens adamianta sulieri motxovnilebebis dakmayofileba da religiuri cnobierebis gamococxleba 1. msoflio turistuli organizaciis (UNWTO) monacemebit, turizmis SedarebiT yvelaze ufro perspeqtiuli mimartulebebs Soris pirveli adgili swored religiur (momlocvelobit) turizms uwiravs. eqspertebi religiur turizms afaseben rogorc XXI saukunis yvelaze perspeqtiul mimartulebas. aseti tendencia dakavsirebulia Tanamedrove adamianis gazrdil motxovnilebebtan _ ufro Rrmad gaecnon msoflio religiebs, gairrmaon codna calkeuli qveynebis da regionebis religiuri cxovrebis Sesaxeb, agretve survilit, miiron sulieri simdidre 1 birjakovi m., turizmis Teoria (qartuli Targmani m. metrevelisa). gam. Sps.,,fotoni. Tbilisi, gv

42 aseti mogzaurobidan. dres religiuri miswrafebebit mogzaurobis geografia fartovdeba gacilebit swrafad, vidre turizmis sxva mimartulebebi. religiur turizms gaacnia ori ZiriTadi saxesxvaoba _ momlocvelobiti turizmi da eqskursiuli turizmi religiuri TematikiT. momlocveloba, romelic qveynis garet, ZiriTadad sapatriarqos turizmis departamentis mier, xolo qveynis SigniT adgilobriv eklesiata ZalisxmeviT da mrevlis monawileobit xorcieldeba, garkveulwilad turistuli industriis sagnad ver ganixileba, radgan komerciuli interesi aq pirdapir araa warmodgenili, Tumca, mnisvnelovani roli SeiZleba itamasos konfliqtebis CacxromaSi, rasac ukve vwerdit wignsi `afxazeti _ qristianoba da ekonomika~. zogadad, turistuli potenciali Seicavs or ZiriTad mimartulebas - pirobebs da resursebs. religiuri turizmis mimart SeiZleba itqvas, rom pirobebi _ es SesaZleblobebi da wanamzrvrebia am saxeobis turizmis ketilsasurvelad gasavitareblad. SeiZleba CamovTvaloT Semdegi pirobebi _ buneba, istoria, mosaxleoba, kultura, ekonomika, politika. rodesac konfliqtur regionebze vmsjelobt, aq ra Tqma unda, umtavresi xelissemsleli faqtori swored dazabuli politikuri fonis arsebobaa. am fonis Seneleba-ganeitraleba (pirveli nabijebis gadadgma) Cven swored sapatriarqos egidit ganxorcielebul momlocvelta organizebuli turebit gvesaxeba. religiuri Tematikis eqskursiuli turizmit ki, Cveni azrit, upirvelesad unda iyos dakavebuli sportisa da axalgazrdobis saministro. axalgazrduli turizmi konfliqtur regionebsi ki SeiZleba gaxdes Semdegi nabiji urtiertobebis datbobasi. sapilote programa SeiZleba ganxorcieldes galisa da ocamciris Sereul qartul-afxazur soflebsi, sadac amastan, qristianuli kulturis Zeglebi, istoriuli Tu bunebrivi RirsSesaniSnaobani arsebobs. aqcenti pirvel etapze unda gaketdes axalgazrdul turizmze, radgan mat omis qarcecxli usualod ar SexebiaT. aqac, saqartvelos sapatriarqos usualo CarTulobiT gansaxorcielebeli es proeqtic ormxrivi ndobis pirobebsi, imedia daiwyeba da warmatebulic armocndeba. 1 drevandel etapze, turizmi saxelmwifos mier proteqcionistul politikas moitxovs, es SeiZleba gamoixatos igive sportisa da axalgazrduli saministros mwidro TanamSromlobaSi rusetisa da dst-s sxva qveynebis analogiur uwyebebtan, studentta gacvliti programebis saxit. rodesac, saubaria rusettan ekonomikuri kavsirebis ardgenis aucileblobaze, rac qartuli ekonomikis stagnaciidan gamosasvlelad umnisvnelovanesi pirobaa, gatvla grzelvadiani ur- TierTobebis ardgenisaken da ara mimdinare etapze,,axla ase vcadot principze unda iyos mimartuli. dst-s sivrceze daviwyebuli saqartvelos warmocena, axalgazrdul turizmsi proteqcionistuli politikis Sedegad unda gavxadot SesaZlebeli, aman SeiZleba mimdinare etapze finansuri resursebis xarji gamoiwvios, Tumca arctu grzelvadian perspeqtivasi, yovelive atmag efeqts, upirvelesad ki swored turistta ricxvis ganuwyvetel zrdas moitans, mimdinare ketilsasurveli efeqtebit. religiuri turizmi, ikavebs ra sakutar nisas turistuli winadadebebis speqtrsi, mwidrod da ganuyreladaa dakavsirebuli, turizmis sxva saxeobebtan. saqartvelosi eklesia-monastrebi yvela regionsia, religiuri turizmis ganvitareba ki regionebis ekonomikur ganvitarebas Seuwyobs xels, agroturizms ki ert-ert prioritetul turistul saxeobad gadaaqcevs. mimzidveloba, xalxi, produqti es aris agroturizmis ZiriTadi komponentebi. agroturizmis warmatebit ganvitareba partniorul urtiertobazea damyarebuli, rac sasicocxlod mnisvnelovania adgilobrivi mdgradi ganvitarebisatvis. 1 grzelisvili n.,,,afxazeti _ qristianobda da ekonomika. Tb. 2011, gv

43 drevandel pirobebsi, rodesac xelisuflebis ert-erti mtavari sazrunavi soflidan migraciis SeCereba da xalxis adgilze dasaqmeba unda iyos, msgavsi proeqtebis ganxorcielebas Tavadac unda uwyobdes xels. sawiroa ama Tu im soflis turistuli potencialis Seswavla da garkveuli investiciebis ganxorcieleba komunikaciebis mosawesrigeblad. aseve mizansewonili iqneba, sakutriv soflis mcxovrebtatvis grzelvadiani kreditebis gacema, sakutari saxlisa da meurneobis satanado doneze mosawyobad, kerzo sastumroebis asaseneblad. amisatvis ki sawiroa investiciebi 1. investiciebis mozidvis realuri gasarebi ama Tu im regionis politikuri klimatis TaviseburebebSia, kerzod, jansar makroekonomikur politikasi, sakutrebis mkafiod Camoyalibebul uflebebsi da efeqtianad funqcionirebad finansur da sabanko seqtorebsi. regionulma integraciam SeiZleba xeli Seuwyos investiciebis moculobis zrdas, Tu igi arsebitad amarlebs politikisadmi ndobas da afartoebs bazrebs, magram es procesi SeTanwyobil unda iqnes adekvatur zogadpolitikur kurstan. 2 kvlav msoflio statistikas Tu davubrundebit, msoflio turizmma bolo 30 wlis ganmavlobasi miarwia gansakutrebul warmatebebs - saertasoriso turistebis raodenoba gaizarda daaxloebit 4 jer, xolo savaluto Semosavlebi ki TiTqmis 25-jer. religiuri turizmis msoflio bazari Seadgens daaxloebit 18 mlrd dolars weliwadsi (daaxloebit 2%-ia turizmis Semosavlebidan) wels turizmis wilma msoflio mtlian Siga produqtsi 9% Seadgina, rac 6 trln dolars aremateba. arnisnul seqtorsi 255 mln-ze meti adamiani musaobs, rac msoflio masstabit dasaqmebis 8.7 %-s Seadgens. mosalodnelia, rom turizmis industriis zrda gagrzeldeba sasualod 4%- iani wliuri matebis tempit da uaxloes wlebsi msp-is 10%-s, anu daaxloebit 10 trln dolars gautoldeba. mtlian saertasoriso mogzaurta Soris saqartvelos stumarta wili 2007 wlidan 2012 wlamde 0.12%-dan 0.29-mde gaizarda. 3 turizmi xasiatdeba marali multiplikatoruli efeqtit, rac gulisxmobs imas, rom usualod turizmsi Seqmnili erti samusao adgili, momijnave dargebsi qmnis sam axal samusao adgils, rogoricaa: transporti, momsaxureba, vawroba da sxva. turizmis Semosavlebis erti er- TeuliT zrda, momijnave dargebsi Semosavlebis ori erteulit zrdas iwvevs. 1 mag. litvasi soflis turizmis gansavitareblad saxelmwifosa da evrokavsiris struqturuli fondebis mier wlebisatvis gamoyofili iqna 82 mln evro. 2 baratasvili e., TakalnZe l., grzelisvili n. biznesis administrireba da konkurentunarianoba, Tb., gv saqartvelos turizmis erovnuli administracia. saqartvelos turizmis industriis mimoxilva gv

44 turizms erti unikaluri Tvisebac aqvs, romelic arc ert sxva dargs ar gaacnia _ mas SeuZlia qveynis sxvadasxva regionis ekonomikuri ganvitarebis donis gamotanabreba. turizmis ganvitareba garkveulwilad stimulatoris (katalizatoris) rols asrulebs qveyanasi uamravi sxva dargis ganvitarebisatvis. is kavsirsia mraval momijnave da aramomijnave dargis ganvitarebastan. 1 saqartvelosi religiur turizms Tavisebur momxibvlelobas matebs is faqtic, rom qveyanasi sxvadasxva religiuri konfensiebis araerti salocavia. drevandel dres 90% obieqtebisa msofliosi, romelic warmoadgens interess turistebisatvis, ase Tu ise dakavsirebulia religiastan, Tumca matma garkveulma nawilma dakarga misi Tavdapirveli mnisvneloba. saqartvelosi aseti obieqtebis ricxvi absolutur umravlesobas Seadgens, gatvaliswinebit qristianobis gavrcelebis mravalsaukunovani istoriisa. amitomac aucilebelia religiuri turizmis maqsimaluri potencialis gamovlena, zomebis mireba misi ganvi- Tarebis optimizaciisatvis da momavlistvis misi rolis prognozireba. saqartvelosi ze meti istoriuli da kulturuli monumentia, romeltagan 4 Sesulia iuneskos msoflio memkvidreobis ZeglTa siasi: 1. mcxeta saqartvelos uzvelesi dedaqalaqi; 2. bagratis tazari (XI s.); 3. gelatis monasteri qutaissi (XI s.); 4. sofeli usguli svanetsi, romelic itvleba evropis yvelaze marla mdebare dasaxlebad (2300 m.) saqartvelosi mogzaurobis miznebi wyaro: saqartvelos turizmis erovnuli saagento wlis cxra Tvis monacemebi. rogorc mocemuli grafikebidan Cans religiuri turizmi mzardi tendenciit xasiatdeba da darwmunebulni vart, rom religiuri turizmi sul ufro met saertasoriso turists moizidavs da kidev ufro did segments daikavebs saqartvelos turizmis industriasi, xelisuflebis mxridan Sesabamisi politikis ganxorcielebis SemTxvevaSi. saqartvelosatvis turizmis industriis aranakleb mnisvnelovan nawils warmoadgens sasinao turizmi, romelic Semdegi maxasiateblebit xasiatdeba: - sasinao turistebi fuls xarjaven ara ucxo, aramed sakutari qveyanasi, ris gamoc ar xdeba fulis gadineba, rac, sabolood, xels uwyobs qveynis ekonomikur ganvitarebas; - sasinao turizmi mnisvnelovan rols asrulebs qveynis im regionebis ganvitarebasi, romeltac ar gaacniat sawarmoo resursebi da sasualebebi, radgan izleva Semosavlebis gadanawilebis sasualebas regionebs Soris; - sasinao turizmis ganvitareba Semosavlis mnisvnelovan wyaros warmoadgens regionsi arsebul, turizmis sferostan pirdapir da arapirdapir dakavsirebuli firmebisatvis; 1 devaze a., grzelisvili n. turizmi saqartvelosi _ arsebuli mdgomareoba, problemebi, perspeqtivebi, Tb., gv