Contents
Contents
Introduction List of Countries: Europe: Albania, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Gibraltar, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Malta, Moldova, Montenegro, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine and United Kingdom. Russia and Central Asia: Russia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan. Middle East: Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, United Arab Emirates and Yemen Africa: Algeria, Angola, Benin, Cameroon, Chad, Congo, Côte d Ivoire, Dem. Rep. Congo, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Gabon, Ghana, Kenya, Libya, Madagascar, Mauritania, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Tunisia, Uganda, Zambia and Zimbabwe. Asia - Pacific: Afghanistan, Australia, Bangladesh, Brunei, China, East Timor, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, Mongolia, Myanmar, Nepal, New Zealand, North Korea, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Singapore, South Korea, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand and Vietnam. Americas: North America, Latin America. North America: Canada and the United States. Latin America: Argentina, Barbados, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Netherlands Antilles, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, Uruguay and Venezuela. European Union: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden and United Kingdom. OECD: Europe, Middle East, Asia - Pacific, North America, Latin America. - Europe: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. - Middle East: Israel. - Asia - Pacific: Australia, Japan, New Zealand and South Korea. - North America: Canada, Mexico and the United States. - Latin America: Chile. VI
Introduction OPEC: Algeria, Angola, Ecuador, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates and Venezuela. MENA (Middle East and North Africa): Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, United Arab Emirates and Yemen, Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco and Tunisia. MED: Albania, Algeria, Austria, Bosnia Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Egypt, France*, Germany*, Gibraltar, Greece, Hungary, Israel, Italy, Jordan, Lebanon, Libya, Macedonia, Malta, Montenegro, Morocco, Romania, Serbia, Slovenia, Spain*, Switzerland*, Syria, Tunisia, Turkey and Ukraine. NWE (North West Europe): Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France*, Germany*, Iceland, Ireland, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain*, Sweden, Switzerland*, United Kingdom. This Review adopts the most commonly used names for countries and not necessarily the official name. The names used do not in any way indicate the opinion of Eni on the legal status of countries, territories, cities or areas mentioned. The term country is used to indicate, when necessary, also a territory or area. Borders between countries are indicated on the maps and do not imply judgement of any kind or the position of Eni with regard to current international disputes. This Review has been prepared by the Scenarios, Strategic Options & Investor Relations Department. Pro quota VII
Introduction Notes and Methods The sources of the data are: Arab Oil & Gas Directory, Cedigaz, CME, DECC, EIA DOE, Enerdata, ICE, ICIS Consulting, International Energy Agency, IHS Global Insight, Italian Ministry for Economic Development, Norwegian Petroleum Directorate, Oil & Gas Journal, OPEC, PIRA, PIW, Wood MacKenzie and other official sources. Blank spaces in the tables indicate that the figure was not available, zero indicates a figure that is not significant (except for the chapters Production Quality, Imports of natural gas and LNG Liquefaction and Regasification Capacity ). Total may differ from the sum of the individual figures as a result of rounding up/down. Percentages have been calculated before rounding. Data for Sudan also include South Sudan. World total population is the population of all the countries in the world, while population figures for areas and aggregates take into account only the countries for which this publication shows energy data. Therefore the sum of population figures of all areas and aggregates is lower than world population. Oil Gas In all the chapters of oil and natural gas, in some countries figures may include oil and natural gas from non conventional sources and others sources of supply. The figures for Reserves refer to proven reserves as at 31 st December. The figures for other chapters indicate annual averages. In all the chapters, the list of the The world top 10 is drawn up by ordering the countries on the basis of the last available year. In the chapters Reserves/Production Ratio and Production/Consumption Ratio, the list of the The world top 10 is drawn up by selecting the largest producers in the last available year and ordering them on the basis of the value of the reserves/production and production/consumption ratio. In the chapter Per Capita Consumption, the list of the world top is drawn up by selecting the largest consumers in the last available year and ordering them by the value of per capita consumption. Oil The difference between the Consumption and the Production of oil is given by the change in stocks, the processing gains obtained in refining and the amount of biofuels which is not included in Production. Gas In the chapters Production, Consumption, Exports and Imports figures are assessed by using the same calorific value per cubic metre (39 MJ/cm, GCV), in order to make data among countries comparable. For NON OECD countries, data for 2014 are Eni s estimates. In the chapter Production of natural gas, the figures concern traded production and do not include quantities of flared, dispersed or re-injected gas. In the chapter Imports, imports of liquefied natural gas cover only the dry marketable equivalent after regasification. In the chapter Imports, the figure reported as total imports for a single country may differ from the sum of Imports by LNG and pipeline for the same country, because of the different sources and different calorific attached to the cubic metre. Production Quality In the chapter Production Quality figures for total oil production in each area or country do not coincide with the figures in the Production chapter of the Review. This is due to the exclusion of natural gas liquids and extra heavy crude from the figures for the first (except for Venezuela). Moreover, it has not been possible to allocate or define total production. In some countries the Ultra Light category also includes, in total or in part, the production of condensates. For Canada the production includes syncrude. API degree is used universally to expresses a crude s relative density. The arbitrary formula used to obtain it is: API gravity = (141.5/SG at 60 F) -131.5, where SG is the specific gravity of the fluid. Lighter the crude, higher the API gravity. The API scale was designed so that most values would fall between 10 and 70 API gravity degrees. Fresh water has an API density of 10. Atmospheric distillates yields are obtained according to TBP (True Boiling Point) technique, ASTM D2892 procedure. Figures are expressed in mass percentage. For the definition of the qualitative parameters for single crudes, the data of Eni R&M Division San Donato Research Center Downstream Products Technologies have been used, wherever possible. Quality levels, indicating API gravity and sulphur content, are defined as follows. VIII
Introduction Quality levels - API gravity and sulphur content Ultra Light API level equal to or greater than 50 and a low sulphur content Light & Sweet API level equal to or greater than 35 and less than 50, sulphur content less 0.5% Light & Medium Sour API level equal to or greater than 35 and less than 50, sulphur content equal to or greater than 0.5% and less than 1% Light & Sour API level equal to or greater than 35 and less than 50, sulphur content equal to or greater than 1% Medium & Sweet API level equal to or greater than 26 and less than 35, sulphur content less 0.5% Medium & Medium Sour API level equal to or greater than 26 and less than 35, sulphur content to or greater than 0.5% and less than 1% Medium & Sour API level equal to or greater than 26 and less than 35, sulphur content equal to or greater than 1% Heavy & Sweet API level equal to or greater than 10 and less than 26, sulphur content less 0.5% Heavy & Medium Sour API level equal to or greater than 10 and less than 26, sulphur content equal to or greater than 0.5% and less than 1% Heavy & Sour API level equal to or greater than 10 and less than 26, sulphur content equal to or greater than 1% Refining Industry The Refining Capacity set of tabulations provides the following information: - Refineries: includes asphalt and lube oriented units, when dedicated topping capacity is present. Condensate refineries are included. - Primary Capacity: represents a pro rated annual average of available capacity, excluding turnarounds. - Conversion Capacity (FCC eqv.): sum of conversion capacity, converted to Catcracking (FCC) equivalent capacity. FCC equivalent capacity equals 1; other conversion capacities can be higher or lower than 1 (the equivalent factors are reported below in the next table). - Complexity Capacity - FCC eqv.: ratio of Conversion Capacity (converted to FCC equivalent) over Primary Capacity, calculated on a weight basis. - The higher is the complexity index, the higher is the capability of a refinery to produce high equivalent quality and value products. - Complexity Ratio NCI (Nelson Complexity Index): is another measure of secondary conversion capacity in comparison to the primary distillation capacity. The units are rated in terms of their costs relative to the primary distillation unit. The higher is the index the higher is the capability of a refinery to produce high quality and value products. The equivalent factors for the FCC equivalent calculation, reported below, change according to the type and the configuration of the conversion unit and are from ICIS Consulting. The factors for the Nelson calculation are standard factors, modified as necessary by Eni. Oxygenates and Aromatics are excluded. Conversion type Conversion type Alkylation 0.00 10.00 Hydrodesulf-diesel 0.00 2.50 Alkylation-hydrofluoric 0.00 10.00 Hydrodesulf-gasoline 0.00 2.50 Alkylation-sulfuric 0.00 10.00 Hydrodesulf-kero 0.00 2.50 Asphalt 0.25 1.50 Hydrodesulf-mid-distillates 0.00 2.50 Coking-delayed 1.35 6.00 Hydrodesulf-naphta 0.00 2.50 Coking-f/d 1.35 6.00 Hydrodesulf-residue 0.20 2.50 Coking-fluid 1.35 6.00 Hydrodesulf-gvgo 0.05 2.50 Coking-fxc 1.35 6.00 Isomerization-c4 0.00 15.00 Condensate distillation 0.00 1.00 Isomerization-In 0.00 15.00 Crude 0.00 1.00 Lube 0.50 60.00 Deasphalting 0.00 1.50 Polymerization 0.00 10.00 Deasphalting-c3 0.00 1.50 Reforming-aromax 0.00 5.00 Deasphalting-c4 0.00 1.50 Reforming-btx 0.00 5.00 Deep catcracking 1.10 6.00 Reforming-cc 0.00 5.00 Distillate dewaxing 0.10 85.00 Reforming-cyclic 0.00 5.00 Fluid cat-cracking 1.00 6.00 Reforming-Ipg feed 0.00 5.00 Fluid catcracking-residue 1.90 6.00 Reforming-sr 0.00 5.00 Heavy residual gasification 1.30 12.00 Thermal cat-cracking 0.80 2.75 Hydrocracking-distillates 1.30 6.00 Thermal cracking 0.65 2.75 Hydrocracking-mild 0.30 6.00 Vacuum 0.00 2.00 Hydrocracking-residue 0.40 6.00 Visbreaking 0.25 2.75 IX
oil Reserves Production Biofuels Production Reserves/Production Ratio Consumption Per Capita Consumption Production/Consumption Ratio Crude Future Price and Open Interests World Oil and Gas Review 2015
Oil Reserves Areas and Aggregates (million barrels as at 31 st December ) y/y (2014-2013) CAGR (2014-2000) Europe 19,493 16,648 12,718 12,787 12,617 12,962 12,453-3.9% -3.2% Russia and Central Asia 56,395 77,227 98,281 98,281 118,281 118,281 118,281 0.0% 5.4% Middle East 694,414 752,203 794,596 797,154 799,131 802,955 802,509-0.1% 1.0% Africa 91,751 111,009 123,841 124,678 126,575 126,353 125,765-0.5% 2.3% Asia - Pacific 47,358 40,504 44,416 44,282 47,514 48,396 48,010-0.8% 0.1% Americas 329,963 318,892 533,954 539,177 542,862 547,421 552,354 0.9% 3.7% - North America 204,717 201,811 200,395 202,575 206,508 209,720 213,931 2.0% 0.3% - Latin America 125,246 117,081 333,559 336,602 336,353 337,701 338,423 0.2% 7.4% World 1,239,374 1,316,483 1,607,806 1,616,360 1,646,979 1,656,368 1,659,372 0.2% 2.1% European Union 8,914 7,774 5,908 6,327 6,137 6,003 5,820-3.0% -3.0% MENA 744,986 809,946 858,719 862,194 864,629 868,344 867,898-0.1% 1.1% OECD 255,373 233,402 226,105 228,328 232,057 235,459 238,226 1.2% -0.5% NON OECD 984,001 1,083,081 1,381,701 1,388,031 1,414,923 1,420,909 1,421,146 0.0% 2.7% OPEC 845,953 924,265 1,192,727 1,198,292 1,200,830 1,206,170 1,206,003 0.0% 2.6% NON OPEC 393,421 392,218 415,079 418,068 446,149 450,198 453,369 0.7% 1.0% World Oil Reserves (2014) 1,659,372 million barrels as at 31 st December World Oil Reserves Growth (2000-2014) 419,998 million barrels as at 31 st December Data source: Eni s estimates on Enerdata Global Energy & CO2 Data and other sources data 2
Oil Reserves The World Top 10 Reserves Holders (million barrels as at 31 st December ) y/y (2014-2013) CAGR (2014-2000) Venezuela 76,848 80,012 296,501 297,571 297,735 298,350 299,953 0.5% 10.2% Saudi Arabia 262,766 264,211 264,516 265,405 265,850 265,789 266,578 0.3% 0.1% Canada 181,200 178,792 175,214 173,625 173,105 173,200 172,481-0.4% -0.4% Iran 99,530 136,270 151,170 154,580 157,300 157,800 157,530-0.2% 3.3% Iraq 112,500 115,000 143,100 141,350 140,300 144,211 143,069-0.8% 1.7% Kuwait 96,500 101,500 101,500 101,500 101,500 101,500 101,500 0.0% 0.4% United Arab Emirates 97,800 97,800 97,800 97,800 97,800 97,800 97,800 0.0% 0.0% Russia 48,573 60,000 60,000 60,000 80,000 80,000 80,000 0.0% 3.6% Libya 36,000 41,464 47,097 48,014 48,472 48,363 48,363 0.0% 2.1% United States (**) 23,517 23,019 25,181 28,950 33,403 36,520 41,450 13.5% 4.1% The World Top 10 1,035,234 1,098,068 1,362,079 1,368,795 1,395,465 1,403,533 1,408,724 0.4% 2.2% Rest of the world 204,140 218,415 245,727 247,564 251,514 252,835 250,648-0.9% 1.5% World 1,239,374 1,316,483 1,607,806 1,616,360 1,646,979 1,656,368 1,659,372 0.2% 2.1% The World Top 10 (2014) Data source: Eni s estimates on Enerdata Global Energy & CO2 Data (**) Data source: Eni s estimates on EIA DOE data 3
Oil Reserves Countries (million barrels as at 31 st December ) y/y (2014-2013) CAGR (2014-2000) Europe 19,493 16,648 12,718 12,787 12,617 12,962 12,453-3.9% -3.2% Albania 165 198 199 199 172 168 168 0.0% 0.1% Austria 86 62 50 50 47 49 48-2.1% -4.2% Belarus 198 198 198 198 198 198 198 0.0% 0.0% Bulgaria 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 0.0% 0.0% Croatia 92 69 71 71 71 71 71 0.0% -1.8% Czech Republic 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 0.0% 0.0% Denmark 1,069 1,328 812 900 805 805 611-24.1% -3.9% France 145 158 91 90 85 90 84-6.1% -3.8% Germany 380 367 276 276 254 233 227-2.5% -3.6% Greece 10 7 10 10 10 10 10 0.0% 0.0% Hungary 110 103 27 32 27 27 27 0.0% -9.5% Italy (**) 577 443 559 557 599 582 619 6.4% 0.5% Lithuania 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 0.0% 0.0% Netherlands 107 106 310 287 244 150 145-3.4% 2.2% Norway 9,447 7,705 5,670 5,320 5,366 5,825 5,497-5.6% -3.8% Poland 115 96 96 155 157 157 145-7.2% 1.7% Romania 1,426 956 600 600 600 600 600 0.0% -6.0% Serbia and Montenegro 78 78 78 78 78 78 78 0.0% 0.0% Slovakia 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 0.0% 0.0% Spain 21 158 150 150 150 150 150 0.0% 15.1% Turkey 296 300 270 270 270 295 296 0.4% 0.0% Ukraine 395 395 395 395 395 395 395 0.0% 0.0% United Kingdom 4,725 3,870 2,805 3,098 3,038 3,030 3,033 0.1% -3.1% y/y (2014-2013) CAGR (2014-2000) Russia and Central Asia 56,395 77,227 98,281 98,281 118,281 118,281 118,281 0.0% 5.4% Russia 48,573 60,000 60,000 60,000 80,000 80,000 80,000 0.0% 3.6% Azerbaijan 1,178 7,000 7,000 7,000 7,000 7,000 7,000 0.0% 13.6% Georgia 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 0.0% 0.0% Kazakhstan 5,417 9,000 30,000 30,000 30,000 30,000 30,000 0.0% 13.0% Kyrgyzstan 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 0.0% 0.0% Tajikistan 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 0.0% 0.0% Turkmenistan 546 546 600 600 600 600 600 0.0% 0.7% Uzbekistan 594 594 594 594 594 594 594 0.0% 0.0% y/y (2014-2013) CAGR (2014-2000) Middle East 694,414 752,203 794,596 797,154 799,131 802,955 802,509-0.1% 1.0% Bahrain 150 125 125 125 125 125 125 0.0% -1.3% Iran 99,530 136,270 151,170 154,580 157,300 157,800 157,530-0.2% 3.3% Iraq 112,500 115,000 143,100 141,350 140,300 144,211 143,069-0.8% 1.7% Israel 4 2 2 12 12 12 12 0.5% 7.9% Jordan 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0.0% 0.8% Kuwait 96,500 101,500 101,500 101,500 101,500 101,500 101,500 0.0% 0.4% Oman 5,506 5,506 5,500 5,500 5,500 4,974 5,151 3.6% -0.5% Qatar 13,157 25,288 25,382 25,382 25,244 25,244 25,244 0.0% 4.8% Saudi Arabia 262,766 264,211 264,516 265,405 265,850 265,789 266,578 0.3% 0.1% Syria 2,500 2,500 2,500 2,500 2,500 2,500 2,500 0.0% 0.0% United Arab Emirates 97,800 97,800 97,800 97,800 97,800 97,800 97,800 0.0% 0.0% Yemen 4,000 4,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 3,000 0.0% -2.0% Data source: Eni s estimates on Enerdata Global Energy & CO2 Data, for Norway on Norwegian Petroleum Directorate's data, for United Kingdom on DECC data (**) Data source: the original data are from Italian Ministry for Economic Development. They have been converted by Eni considering 1 ton of oil equal to 7.3 barrels 4
Oil Countries (million barrels as at 31 st December ) y/y (2014-2013) Reserves CAGR (2014-2000) Africa 91,751 111,009 123,841 124,678 126,575 126,353 125,765-0.5% 2.3% Algeria 11,314 12,270 12,200 12,200 12,200 12,200 12,200 0.0% 0.5% Angola 5,972 9,050 9,055 9,055 9,055 9,011 8,423-6.5% 2.5% Benin 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 0.0% 0.0% Cameroon 400 400 200 200 200 200 200 0.0% -4.8% Chad 0 1,500 1,500 1,500 1,500 1,500 1,500 0.0% Congo 1,506 1,506 1,600 1,600 1,600 1,600 1,600 0.0% 0.4% Côte d'ivoire 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 0.0% 0.0% Dem. Rep. Congo 187 187 180 180 180 180 180 0.0% -0.3% Egypt 2,948 3,700 4,400 4,400 4,400 4,400 4,400 0.0% 2.9% Equatorial Guinea 1,200 1,200 1,100 1,100 1,100 1,100 1,100 0.0% -0.6% Gabon 2,499 2,499 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 0.0% -1.6% Ghana 17 17 660 660 660 660 660 0.0% 29.9% Libya 36,000 41,464 47,097 48,014 48,472 48,363 48,363 0.0% 2.1% Mauritania 0 0 100 20 20 20 20 0.0% Morocco 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 0.0% -7.4% Nigeria 29,000 36,220 37,200 37,200 37,139 37,070 37,070 0.0% 1.8% South Africa 28 16 15 15 15 15 15 0.0% -4.4% Sudan 262 563 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 0.0% 23.4% Tunisia 308 308 425 425 425 425 425 0.0% 2.3% Uganda 0 0 1,000 1,000 2,500 2,500 2,500 0.0% y/y (2014-2013) CAGR (2014-2000) Asia - Pacific 47,358 40,504 44,416 44,282 47,514 48,396 48,010-0.8% 0.1% Australia 4,944 3,718 3,831 3,873 3,922 3,958 3,294-16.8% -2.9% Bangladesh 57 28 28 28 28 28 28 0.0% -5.0% Brunei 1,350 1,350 1,100 1,100 1,100 1,100 1,100 0.0% -1.5% China 24,000 18,250 20,350 20,350 23,717 24,376 24,649 1.1% 0.2% India 4,728 5,615 5,533 5,410 5,476 5,654 5,686 0.6% 1.3% Indonesia 4,980 4,301 3,990 3,885 3,700 3,591 3,544-1.3% -2.4% Japan 59 59 44 44 44 44 44 0.0% -2.1% Malaysia 3,900 3,000 4,000 4,000 4,000 4,000 4,000 0.0% 0.2% Myanmar 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 0.0% 0.0% New Zealand 127 53 113 96 81 78 67-14.3% -4.4% Pakistan 208 289 313 281 248 342 371 8.5% 4.2% Papua New Guinea 360 240 88 182 154 186 175-5.8% -5.0% Philippines 289 139 139 139 139 139 139 0.0% -5.1% Taiwan 4 2 2 2 2 2 2 0.0% -3.6% Thailand 352 291 435 442 453 449 461 2.7% 1.9% Vietnam 1,950 3,119 4,400 4,400 4,400 4,400 4,400 0.0% 6.0% y/y (2014-2013) CAGR (2014-2000) Americas 329,963 318,892 533,954 539,177 542,862 547,421 552,354 0.9% 3.7% Argentina 3,071 2,321 2,504 2,505 2,805 2,820 2,354-16.5% -1.9% Barbados 3 3 2 2 2 3 3-11.1% -1.2% Belize 0 0 7 7 7 7 7 0.0% Bolivia 397 441 465 210 210 210 210 0.0% -4.5% Brazil 8,100 11,243 12,858 13,987 13,154 13,219 13,451 1.8% 3.7% Canada 181,200 178,792 175,214 173,625 173,105 173,200 172,481-0.4% -0.4% Chile 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 0.0% 0.0% Colombia 1,972 1,542 1,900 1,988 2,200 2,377 2,445 2.9% 1.5% Cuba 283 750 124 124 124 124 124 0.0% -5.7% Ecuador 4,566 5,180 7,206 8,235 8,235 8,832 8,273-6.3% 4.3% Guatemala 526 526 83 83 83 83 83 0.0% -12.4% Mexico 28,260 12,882 10,420 10,359 10,264 10,073 9,812-2.6% -7.3% Peru 310 930 532 582 579 633 741 17.1% 6.4% Suriname 74 111 79 72 77 93 89-3.8% 1.3% Trinidad and Tobago 686 990 728 728 728 728 728 0.0% 0.4% United States (**) 23,517 23,019 25,181 28,950 33,403 36,520 41,450 13.5% 4.1% Venezuela 76,848 80,012 296,501 297,571 297,735 298,350 299,953 0.5% 10.2% Data source: Eni s estimates on Enerdata Global Energy & CO2 Data (**) Data source: Eni s estimates on EIA DOE data 5
Oil Reserves Cluster of Companies 2000 2014 World: 1,239,374 million barrels as at 31 st December World: 1,659,372 million barrels as at 31 st December 2014 (million barrels as at 31 st December ) Majors: BP, Chevron, Eni, ExxonMobil, Repsol, Shell, Total. IOCs: BG, BHP Billiton, ConocoPhillips, OMV, Statoil, Woodside Petroleum. NOCs: ADNOC, Bahrain NOC, Bashneft, CBNOOC, CNPC, CPC Taiwan, Dubai Petroleum, Ecopetrol, EGPC, Gazprom, INOC, Israel NOC, KazMunaiGaz, KNOC, KPC, Lybian NOC, MEDCO Energy, MOGE, Morocco NOC, Mu-badala Abu-Dhabi, NIOC, NNPC, Novatek, Oil India, ONGC, Pakistan Oil Field, Pakistan Petroleum, PDO, PdVSA, Pemex, Pertamina, Petrobras, PetroChina, Petronas, PetroVietnam, PGNiG, PTTEP, QP, Rosneft, Saudi Aramco, Sinopec, SOCAR Azerbaijan, Sonangol, Sonatrach, Surgutneftegas, Syria Petroleum, Tatneft, Turkmengas, Uzbekneftegas 6
Oil Production Areas and Aggregates Crude and non conventional oil, natural gas liquids (thousand barrels/day) Δ Y/Y (2014-2013) CAGR (2014-2000) Europe 7,098 5,960 4,406 4,015 3,711 3,556 3,562 0.1% -4.8% Russia and Central Asia 7,864 11,703 13,436 13,483 13,511 13,775 13,828 0.4% 4.1% Middle East 23,510 25,556 25,367 27,609 28,170 28,059 28,523 1.7% 1.4% Africa 7,803 9,913 10,339 9,122 9,816 9,069 8,556-5.7% 0.7% Asia - Pacific 7,941 8,053 8,456 8,334 8,359 8,214 8,199-0.2% 0.2% Americas 20,970 20,982 21,412 22,039 23,194 24,530 26,413 7.7% 1.7% - North America 10,726 10,115 11,079 11,599 12,844 14,211 16,012 12.7% 2.9% - Latin America 10,244 10,867 10,333 10,440 10,349 10,319 10,401 0.8% 0.1% World 75,186 82,167 83,416 84,601 86,762 87,204 89,080 2.2% 1.2% European Union 3,570 2,802 2,079 1,792 1,606 1,540 1,496-2.9% -6.0% MENA 27,223 29,959 29,561 30,565 32,084 31,384 31,357-0.1% 1.0% OECD 21,859 20,160 18,865 18,903 19,804 20,906 22,650 8.3% 0.3% NON OECD 53,327 62,007 64,551 65,697 66,958 66,297 66,430 0.2% 1.6% OPEC 30,769 34,781 34,666 35,758 37,513 36,718 36,667-0.1% 1.3% NON OPEC 44,418 47,385 48,750 48,843 49,249 50,485 52,412 3.8% 1.2% World Oil Production (2014) 89,080 thousand barrels/day World Oil Reserves Growth (2000-2014) 419,998 million barrels as at 31 st December World Oil Production Growth (2000-2014) 13,893 thousand barrels/day Data source: Eni calculations on Monthly Oil Data Services OECD/International Energy Agency, 2015 7
Oil Production The World Top 10 Producers Crude and non conventional oil, natural gas liquids (thousand barrels/day) Δ Y/Y (2014-2013) CAGR (2014-2000) United States 8,005 7,075 7,747 8,072 9,104 10,237 11,810 15.4% 2.8% Saudi Arabia 9,348 10,893 9,972 11,214 11,738 11,586 11,630 0.4% 1.6% Russia 6,527 9,636 10,453 10,601 10,682 10,869 10,947 0.7% 3.8% Canada 2,722 3,041 3,332 3,526 3,740 3,974 4,202 5.7% 3.2% China 3,261 3,638 4,078 4,101 4,175 4,176 4,190 0.3% 1.8% United Arab Emirates 2,622 2,995 2,831 3,214 3,385 3,503 3,578 2.1% 2.2% Iran 3,760 4,225 4,215 4,164 3,551 3,289 3,442 4.7% -0.6% Iraq 2,582 1,833 2,430 2,743 3,031 3,163 3,419 8.1% 2.0% Kuwait 2,160 2,548 2,498 2,771 2,985 3,109 3,100-0.3% 2.6% Mexico 3,452 3,768 2,961 2,945 2,922 2,891 2,797-3.2% -1.5% The World Top 10 44,438 49,654 50,517 53,351 55,313 56,797 59,115 4.1% 2.1% Rest of the World 30,748 32,513 32,899 31,249 31,449 30,406 29,965-1.5% -0.2% World 75,186 82,167 83,416 84,601 86,762 87,204 89,080 2.2% 1.2% The World Top 10 (2014) Share of World Total Mexico Kuwait Iraq 3.1% 3.5% 3.8% 3.9% 4.0% 4.7% Iran UAE China Canada Russia Saudi Arabia United States 4.7% 12.3% 13.1% 13.3% Data source: Monthly Oil Data Services OECD/International Energy Agency, 2015 8
Oil Production Countries Crude and non conventional oil, natural gas liquids (thousand barrels/day) Δ Y/Y (2014-2013) CAGR (2014-2000) Europe 7,098 5,960 4,406 4,015 3,711 3,556 3,562 0.1% -4.8% Albania 6 8 13 16 17 17 20 18.2% 9.5% Austria 20 19 25 23 22 21 21 0.7% 0.6% Belarus 37 36 33 32 30 29 27-4.9% -2.1% Bulgaria 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0.0% 5.1% Croatia 28 21 20 18 16 16 15-4.4% -4.3% Czech Republic 8 12 6 8 7 6 5-10.4% -3.0% Denmark 363 388 255 221 201 175 165-5.7% -5.5% Estonia 5 5 10 11 12 12 14 12.1% 8.0% France 44 36 31 31 27 23 23 0.0% -4.4% Germany 86 113 76 77 74 74 69-7.5% -1.6% Greece 6 2 2 2 2 1 1-10.0% -10.5% Hungary 39 37 25 22 23 25 20-22.7% -4.8% Italy 78 124 108 103 108 110 114 4.1% 2.8% Netherlands 49 47 36 36 41 46 41-10.2% -1.2% Norway 3,331 2,961 2,137 2,040 1,917 1,838 1,892 3.0% -4.0% Poland 15 28 19 18 20 29 30 3.7% 5.2% Romania 131 113 92 91 88 89 87-2.0% -2.9% Serbia and Montenegro 20 13 18 22 20 17 18 1.5% -0.9% Slovakia 1 7 5 2 2 4 4 18.8% 10.0% Spain 5 3 3 5 7 16 13-18.2% 7.5% Turkey 53 44 48 46 45 46 47 2.7% -0.8% Ukraine 82 97 79 69 76 69 61-11.3% -2.0% United Kingdom 2,694 1,845 1,365 1,123 954 892 872-2.3% -7.7% Δ Y/Y (2014-2013) CAGR (2014-2000) Russia and Central Asia 7,864 11,703 13,436 13,483 13,511 13,775 13,828 0.4% 4.1% Russia 6,527 9,636 10,453 10,601 10,682 10,869 10,947 0.7% 3.8% Azerbaijan 282 449 1,042 924 879 885 871-1.5% 8.4% Georgia 2 1 1 1 1 1 1-9.5% -9.2% Kazakhstan 718 1,295 1,655 1,680 1,665 1,713 1,688-1.4% 6.3% Kyrgyzstan 2 2 1 2 2 1 1-8.8% -0.8% Tajikistan 0 0 0 1 1 1 1-9.6% 1.8% Turkmenistan 158 201 196 197 214 238 252 5.8% 3.4% Uzbekistan 175 118 88 77 68 68 67-1.5% -6.6% Δ Y/Y (2014-2013) CAGR (2014-2000) Middle East 23,510 25,556 25,367 27,609 28,170 28,059 28,523 1.7% 1.4% Bahrain 198 198 192 201 184 193 190-1.1% -0.3% Iran 3,760 4,225 4,215 4,164 3,551 3,289 3,442 4.7% -0.6% Iraq 2,582 1,833 2,430 2,743 3,031 3,163 3,419 8.1% 2.0% Kuwait 2,160 2,548 2,498 2,771 2,985 3,109 3,100-0.3% 2.6% Oman 958 777 871 895 925 950 950 0.0% -0.1% Qatar 860 1,216 1,668 1,814 2,011 2,056 2,036-1.0% 6.3% Saudi Arabia 9,348 10,893 9,972 11,214 11,738 11,586 11,630 0.4% 1.6% Syria 573 448 385 352 171 59 33-44.8% -18.5% United Arab Emirates 2,622 2,995 2,831 3,214 3,385 3,503 3,578 2.1% 2.2% Yemen 450 421 306 241 190 150 145-3.3% -7.7% Data source: Monthly Oil Data Services OECD/International Energy Agency, 2015 9
Oil Production Countries Crude and non conventional oil, natural gas liquids (thousand barrels/day) Δ Y/Y (2014-2013) CAGR (2014-2000) Africa 7,803 9,913 10,339 9,122 9,816 9,069 8,556-5.7% 0.7% Algeria 1,436 1,931 1,720 1,672 1,619 1,573 1,578 0.3% 0.7% Angola 745 1,245 1,820 1,732 1,854 1,792 1,735-3.2% 6.2% Cameroon 114 89 64 60 64 69 76 10.6% -2.8% Chad 0 170 130 134 137 128 121-5.1% Congo 265 247 301 302 289 281 281 0.1% 0.4% Côte d'ivoire 7 40 45 45 42 34 27-20.1% 10.2% Dem. Rep. Congo 23 25 25 24 24 24 23-4.7% 0.0% Egypt 727 677 729 729 749 735 699-4.9% -0.3% Equatorial Guinea 118 358 274 252 272 267 281 5.1% 6.4% Gabon 276 270 255 254 245 236 236 0.1% -1.1% Ghana 7 6 7 77 81 104 107 3.6% 21.5% Libya 1,471 1,721 1,661 485 1,476 953 497-47.8% -7.5% Mauritania 0 0 9 8 7 6 5-9.5% Morocco 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0.0% -1.6% Niger 0 0 0 6 15 20 20 1.7% Nigeria 2,160 2,546 2,609 2,700 2,628 2,455 2,430-1.0% 0.8% South Africa 199 208 141 120 131 116 111-3.9% -4.1% Sudan 177 305 465 453 113 214 268 25.2% 3.0% Tunisia 78 73 84 70 70 65 60-7.6% -1.9% Data source: Monthly Oil Data Services OECD/International Energy Agency, 2015 Δ Y/Y (2014-2013) CAGR (2014-2000) Asia - Pacific 7,941 8,053 8,456 8,334 8,359 8,214 8,199-0.2% 0.2% Australia 802 545 561 490 480 401 421 5.2% -4.5% Bangladesh 4 6 5 5 5 4 4-4.9% 0.2% Brunei 195 206 153 169 159 135 126-6.7% -3.1% China 3,261 3,638 4,078 4,101 4,175 4,176 4,190 0.3% 1.8% East Timor 0 92 88 84 80 79 76-3.4% India 770 771 905 915 886 878 874-0.4% 0.9% Indonesia 1,459 1,084 993 947 914 873 833-4.7% -3.9% Japan 17 18 18 17 16 14 13-6.6% -2.0% Malaysia 711 794 718 655 673 643 669 4.1% -0.4% Mongolia 0 1 6 6 6 5 5-4.9% 26.8% Myanmar 12 22 19 17 17 16 15-4.9% 1.7% New Zealand 45 24 60 50 47 41 46 11.5% 0.3% Pakistan 58 66 66 67 66 63 61-2.3% 0.5% Papua New Guinea 64 54 31 30 27 28 34 21.5% -4.4% Philippines 1 39 34 34 26 24 41 69.4% 30.9% South Korea 13 10 21 20 21 19 20 1.3% 3.0% Taiwan 1 1 0 0 0 0 0-100.0% Thailand 194 297 383 410 406 467 461-1.3% 6.4% Vietnam 333 386 317 316 356 346 308-10.9% -0.6% Δ Y/Y (2014-2013) CAGR (2014-2000) Americas 20,970 20,982 21,412 22,039 23,194 24,530 26,413 7.7% 1.7% Argentina 831 790 734 678 662 629 624-0.9% -2.0% Barbados 1 1 1 1 1 1 1-9.5% -2.5% Bolivia 39 58 51 52 56 57 61 5.9% 3.2% Brazil 1,271 1,705 2,150 2,205 2,161 2,124 2,337 10.1% 4.4% Canada 2,722 3,041 3,332 3,526 3,740 3,974 4,202 5.7% 3.2% Chile 9 8 13 13 11 11 9-18.3% -0.3% Colombia 688 528 788 918 947 1,009 993-1.6% 2.7% Cuba 51 54 56 55 52 50 47-4.9% -0.5% Ecuador 404 534 468 498 502 518 551 6.5% 2.2% Guatemala 21 18 12 11 10 9 8-9.5% -6.5% Mexico 3,452 3,768 2,961 2,945 2,922 2,891 2,797-3.2% -1.5% Peru 104 116 155 152 153 166 173 4.1% 3.7% Suriname 10 12 21 20 19 16 15-4.5% 3.0% Trinidad and Tobago 143 181 148 140 120 117 113-3.4% -1.7% United States 8,005 7,075 7,747 8,072 9,104 10,237 11,810 15.4% 2.8% Venezuela 3,220 3,093 2,775 2,751 2,733 2,722 2,672-1.8% -1.3% 10
Oil Production Cluster of Companies 2000 2014 World: 75,186 thousand barrels/day World: 89,080 thousand barrels/day 2014 (thousand barrels/day) Majors: BP, Chevron, Eni, ExxonMobil, Repsol, Shell, Total. IOCs: BG, BHP Billiton, ConocoPhillips, OMV, Statoil, Woodside Petroleum. NOCs: ADNOC, Bahrain NOC, Bashneft, CBNOOC, CNPC, CPC Taiwan, Dubai Petroleum, Ecopetrol, EGPC, Gazprom, INOC, Israel NOC, KazMunaiGaz, KNOC, KPC, Lybian NOC, MEDCO Energy, MOGE, Morocco NOC, Mu-badala Abu-Dhabi, NIOC, NNPC, Novatek, Oil India, ONGC, Pakistan Oil Field, Pakistan Petroleum, PDO, PdVSA, Pemex, Pertamina, Petrobras, PetroChina, Petronas, PetroViet-nam, PGNiG, PTTEP, QP, Rosneft, Saudi Aramco, Sinopec, SOCAR Azerbaijan, Sonangol, Sonatrach, Surgutneftegas, Syria Petroleum, Tatneft, Turkmengas, Uzbekneftegas 11
Oil Production The World Top 10 Natural Gas Liquids Producers (thousand barrels/day) Δ Y/Y (2014-2013) CAGR (2014-2000) United States 1,911 1,717 2,074 2,216 2,408 2,572 2,964 15.2% 3.2% Saudi Arabia 1,011 1,460 1,710 1,775 1,870 1,839 1,828-0.6% 4.3% Qatar 173 442 898 1,039 1,136 1,175 1,174-0.1% 14.7% United Arab Emirates 384 537 520 709 732 741 819 10.5% 5.6% Canada 706 668 608 615 609 640 662 3.4% -0.5% Iran 75 346 510 542 547 607 630 3.9% 16.4% Nigeria 121 141 528 523 530 503 515 2.4% 10.9% Algeria 630 603 515 491 454 425 457 7.6% -2.3% Mexico 438 426 377 384 365 359 357-0.5% -1.5% Russia 50 145 251 272 250 292 335 14.7% 14.5% The World Top 10 5,499 6,487 7,990 8,568 8,901 9,154 9,742 6.4% 4.2% Rest of the world 1,773 2,321 2,625 2,551 2,515 2,569 2,565-0.2% 2.7% World 7,272 8,808 10,615 11,119 11,416 11,723 12,307 5.0% 3.8% The World Top 10 (2014) Data source: Monthly Oil Data Services OECD/International Energy Agency, 2015 12
Oil Biofuels Production Total Biofuels (thousand barrels/day) 2013 World World: 2,022 thousand barrels/day Biogasoline (thousand barrels/day) 2013 World World: 1,253 thousand barrels/day Biodiesel (thousand barrels/day) 2013 World World: 515 thousand barrels/day Data source: IEA Extended Balances OECD/International Energy Agency, 2015 Total Biofuels include biogasoline, biodiesel and other biofuels (among others, ethanol used pure in Brazil "Hydrous" and vegetable oil used pure in Germany) 13
Oil Reserves/Production Ratio Areas and Aggregates (years) Europe 8 8 8 9 9 10 10 Russia and Central Asia 20 18 20 20 24 24 23 Middle East 81 81 86 79 78 78 77 Africa 32 31 33 37 35 38 40 Asia - Pacific 16 14 14 15 16 16 16 Americas 43 42 68 67 64 61 57 - North America 52 55 50 48 44 40 37 - Latin America 33 30 88 88 89 90 89 World 45 44 53 52 52 52 51 European Union 7 8 8 10 10 11 11 MENA 75 74 80 77 74 76 76 OECD 32 32 33 33 32 31 29 NON OECD 51 48 59 58 58 59 59 OPEC 75 73 94 92 88 90 90 NON OPEC 24 23 23 23 25 24 24 Reserves/Production Ratio (2014) 51 years Data source: Eni s calculations. The original data are from Enerdata Global Energy &CO2 Data, Monthly Oil Data Services OECD/International Energy Agency, 2015 and other sources 14
Oil Reserves/Production Ratio The World Top 10 Producers Ranked by Reserves/Production Ratio (years) Iran 73 88 98 102 121 131 125 Iraq 119 172 161 141 127 125 115 Canada 182 161 144 135 127 119 112 Kuwait 122 109 111 100 93 89 90 United Arab Emirates 102 89 95 83 79 76 75 Saudi Arabia 77 66 73 65 62 63 63 Russia 20 17 16 16 21 20 20 China 20 14 14 14 16 16 16 United States (**) 8 9 9 10 10 10 10 Mexico 22 9 10 10 10 10 10 The World Top 10 (2014) Data source: Eni s calculations. The original data are from Enerdata Global Energy & CO2 Data and Monthly Oil Data Services OECD/International Energy Agency, 2015 (**) The original data are from EIA DOE and Monthly Oil Data Services OECD/International Energy Agency, 2015 15
Oil Reserves/Production Ratio Countries (years) Europe 8 8 8 9 9 10 10 Albania 79 67 43 35 28 27 23 Austria 12 9 6 6 6 6 6 Belarus 15 15 16 17 18 19 20 Bulgaria 82 41 41 41 41 41 41 Croatia 9 9 10 11 12 12 13 Czech Republic 5 4 7 5 6 7 8 Denmark 8 9 9 11 11 13 10 France 9 12 8 8 9 11 10 Germany 12 9 10 10 9 9 9 Greece 5 10 12 14 17 20 22 Hungary 8 8 3 4 3 3 4 Italy (**) 20 10 14 15 15 14 15 Netherlands 6 6 24 22 16 9 10 Norway 8 7 7 7 8 9 8 Poland 22 9 14 23 22 15 13 Romania 30 23 18 18 19 19 19 Serbia and Montenegro 11 16 12 10 10 12 12 Slovakia 21 3 5 10 11 7 6 Spain 12 129 128 82 58 26 32 Turkey 15 19 15 16 16 17 17 Ukraine 13 11 14 16 14 16 18 United Kingdom 5 6 6 8 9 9 10 Russia and Central Asia 20 18 20 20 24 24 23 Russia 20 17 16 16 21 20 20 Azerbaijan 11 43 18 21 22 22 22 Georgia 44 72 114 126 139 154 170 Kazakhstan 21 19 50 49 49 48 49 Kyrgyzstan 73 50 120 61 68 74 82 Tajikistan 82 99 164 58 55 58 64 Turkmenistan 9 7 8 8 8 7 7 Uzbekistan 9 14 18 21 24 24 24 Middle East 81 81 86 79 78 78 77 Bahrain 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 Iran 73 88 98 102 121 131 125 Iraq 119 172 161 141 127 125 115 Kuwait 122 109 111 100 93 89 90 Oman 16 19 17 17 16 14 15 Qatar 42 57 42 38 34 34 34 Saudi Arabia 77 66 73 65 62 63 63 Syria 12 15 18 19 40 115 208 United Arab Emirates 102 89 95 83 79 76 75 Yemen 24 26 27 34 43 55 57 Data source: Eni s calculations. The original data are from Enerdata Global Energy & CO2 Data, Monthly Oil Data Services OECD/International Energy Agency, 2015 and other sources (**) The original data are from Italian Ministry for Economic Development and Monthly Oil Data Services OECD/International Energy Agency, 2015 16
Oil Reserves/Production Ratio Countries (years) Africa 32 31 33 37 35 38 40 Algeria 22 17 19 20 21 21 21 Angola 22 20 14 14 13 14 13 Cameroon 10 12 9 9 9 8 7 Chad 24 32 31 30 32 34 Congo 16 17 15 15 15 16 16 Côte d'ivoire 39 7 6 6 6 8 10 Dem. Rep. Congo 22 20 20 21 20 21 22 Egypt 11 15 17 17 16 16 17 Equatorial Guinea 28 9 11 12 11 11 11 Gabon 25 25 21 22 22 23 23 Ghana 7 8 264 24 22 17 17 Libya 67 66 78 271 90 139 266 Mauritania 30 7 8 10 11 Morocco 20 4 12 8 8 8 8 Nigeria 37 39 39 38 39 41 42 Sudan 4 5 29 30 122 64 51 Tunisia 11 12 14 17 17 18 19 Asia - Pacific 16 14 14 15 16 16 16 Australia 17 19 19 22 22 27 21 Bangladesh 39 13 15 16 17 18 19 Brunei 19 18 20 18 19 22 24 China 20 14 14 14 16 16 16 India 17 20 17 16 17 18 18 Indonesia 9 11 11 11 11 11 12 Japan 9 9 7 7 7 9 9 Malaysia 15 10 15 17 16 17 16 Myanmar 11 6 7 8 8 9 9 New Zealand 8 6 5 5 5 5 4 Pakistan 10 12 13 11 10 15 17 Papua New Guinea 15 12 8 17 16 18 14 Philippines 10 11 11 14 16 9 Taiwan 11 12 Thailand 5 3 3 3 3 3 3 Vietnam 16 22 38 38 34 35 39 Data source: Eni s calculations. The original data are from Enerdata Global Energy & CO2 Data and Monthly Oil Data Services OECD/International Energy Agency, 2015 17
Oil Reserves/Production Ratio Countries (years) Americas 43 42 68 67 64 61 57 Argentina 10 8 9 10 12 12 10 Barbados 8 8 5 7 7 10 10 Bolivia 28 21 25 11 10 10 9 Brazil 17 18 16 17 17 17 16 Canada 182 161 144 135 127 119 112 Chile 45 54 31 32 36 39 48 Colombia 8 8 7 6 6 6 7 Cuba 15 38 6 6 6 7 7 Ecuador 31 27 42 45 45 47 41 Guatemala 69 78 19 21 23 25 28 Mexico 22 9 10 10 10 10 10 Peru 8 22 9 11 10 10 12 Suriname 20 25 10 10 11 16 16 Trinidad and Tobago 13 15 13 14 17 17 18 United States (**) 8 9 9 10 10 10 10 Venezuela 65 71 293 296 298 300 308 Data source: Eni s calculations. The original data are from Enerdata Global Energy & CO2 Dat and Monthly Oil Data Services OECD/International Energy Agency, 2015 (**) The original data are from EIA DOE and Monthly Oil Data Services OECD/International Energy Agency, 2015 18
Oil Consumption Areas and Aggregates (thousand barrels/day) Δ y/y (2014-2013) CAGR (2014-2000) Europe 16,345 16,981 15,909 15,507 15,013 14,892 14,680-1.4% -0.8% Russia and Central Asia 3,300 3,354 3,662 3,976 4,045 4,203 4,311 2.6% 1.9% Middle East 4,967 6,120 7,552 7,718 8,036 8,160 8,362 2.5% 3.8% Africa 2,472 2,933 3,622 3,580 3,777 3,824 3,905 2.1% 3.3% Asia - Pacific 21,001 24,295 27,716 28,506 29,678 30,055 30,417 1.2% 2.7% Americas 29,093 30,878 30,238 30,217 30,016 30,725 30,844 0.4% 0.4% - North America 22,007 23,437 21,760 21,558 21,168 21,704 21,756 0.2% -0.1% - Latin America 7,087 7,441 8,479 8,658 8,848 9,021 9,087 0.7% 1.8% World 77,179 84,562 88,700 89,502 90,563 91,859 92,519 0.7% 1.3% European Union 14,664 15,164 14,066 13,647 13,162 12,993 12,813-1.4% -1.0% MENA 6,221 7,577 9,357 9,429 9,890 10,031 10,287 2.5% 3.7% OECD 48,514 50,403 46,966 46,419 45,928 46,095 45,625-1.0% -0.4% NON OECD 28,665 34,159 41,734 43,084 44,635 45,764 46,894 2.5% 3.6% OPEC 5,486 6,789 8,472 8,452 8,917 9,069 9,299 2.5% 3.8% NON OPEC 71,694 77,772 80,227 81,050 81,646 82,790 83,219 0.5% 1.1% World Oil Consumption (2014) 92,519 thousand barrels/day World Oil Consumption Growth (2010-2014 ) 15,340 thousand barrels/day Data source: Eni s calculations on Monthly Oil Data Services OECD/International Energy Agency, 2015 data 19
Oil Consumption The World Top 10 Consumers (thousand barrels/day) Δ y/y (2014-2013) CAGR (2014-2000) United States 19,999 21,168 19,476 19,248 18,814 19,265 19,343 0.4% -0.2% China 4,642 6,748 8,990 9,378 9,819 10,118 10,421 3.0% 5.9% Japan 5,480 5,298 4,429 4,443 4,705 4,521 4,297-5.0% -1.7% India 2,336 2,632 3,429 3,578 3,755 3,774 3,860 2.3% 3.7% Russia 2,702 2,732 3,082 3,357 3,395 3,533 3,637 2.9% 2.1% Brazil 2,135 2,173 2,774 2,869 2,968 3,096 3,218 3.9% 3.0% Saudi Arabia 1,571 1,941 2,674 2,777 2,969 3,019 3,216 6.5% 5.3% Canada 2,008 2,269 2,283 2,310 2,354 2,439 2,413-1.1% 1.3% Germany 2,767 2,624 2,467 2,392 2,389 2,435 2,399-1.5% -1.0% South Korea 2,135 2,191 2,269 2,259 2,322 2,324 2,350 1.1% 0.7% The World Top 10 45,774 49,776 51,873 52,612 53,489 54,526 55,154 1.2% 1.3% Rest of the World 31,405 34,785 36,827 36,890 37,074 37,334 37,365 0.1% 1.2% World 77,179 84,562 88,700 89,502 90,563 91,859 92,519 0.7% 1.3% The World Top 10 (2014) Data source: Monthly Oil Data Services OECD/International Energy Agency, 2015 20
Oil Consumption Countries (thousand barrels/day) Δ y/y (2014-2013) CAGR (2014-2000) Europe 16,345 16,981 15,909 15,507 15,013 14,892 14,680-1.4% -0.8% Albania 21 29 25 25 22 22 22-0.1% 0.5% Austria 250 299 278 264 260 263 261-1.0% 0.3% Belarus 134 154 147 186 180 177 179 0.6% 2.1% Belgium 606 660 667 629 606 613 619 1.0% 0.1% Bosnia Herzegovina 23 23 33 33 31 32 32 2.9% 2.6% Bulgaria 86 99 84 80 85 81 85 4.6% -0.1% Croatia 82 94 78 78 72 72 73 1.1% -0.9% Cyprus 50 57 57 56 53 50 48-4.0% -0.3% Czech Republic 170 213 201 197 194 188 201 7.0% 1.2% Denmark 210 183 167 164 155 155 154-0.4% -2.2% Estonia 21 26 26 26 29 30 32 8.2% 3.0% Finland 214 219 214 208 198 198 196-1.1% -0.6% France 2,001 1,990 1,833 1,793 1,772 1,767 1,706-3.5% -1.1% Germany 2,767 2,624 2,467 2,392 2,389 2,435 2,399-1.5% -1.0% Gibraltar 22 32 50 53 54 57 60 5.6% 7.4% Greece 399 424 372 351 306 284 283-0.2% -2.4% Hungary 143 155 149 143 133 135 141 4.4% -0.1% Iceland 18 19 21 21 18 17 17-1.8% -0.6% Ireland 170 192 161 143 136 141 142 0.7% -1.3% Italy 1,854 1,781 1,544 1,494 1,370 1,315 1,235-6.1% -2.9% Latvia 28 32 35 35 31 32 32 0.6% 1.1% Lithuania 54 62 53 59 70 71 72 0.6% 2.0% Luxembourg 48 65 60 61 59 59 57-3.7% 1.2% Macedonia 19 18 18 19 19 19 20 4.2% 0.4% Malta 29 32 46 42 43 43 44 1.7% 3.1% Moldova 9 13 16 17 19 20 20 0.6% 5.9% Netherlands 855 1,009 1,020 1,019 1,011 992 960-3.2% 0.8% Norway 209 222 222 226 217 224 227 1.2% 0.6% Poland 411 471 565 557 527 511 510-0.1% 1.6% Portugal 333 337 274 256 227 241 244 1.3% -2.2% Romania 206 224 176 184 182 183 187 2.0% -0.7% Serbia and Montenegro 36 99 99 98 87 88 91 2.9% 6.8% Slovakia 67 78 84 82 71 71 73 3.5% 0.7% Slovenia 50 54 56 55 54 51 49-2.8% -0.2% Spain 1,433 1,607 1,441 1,385 1,301 1,205 1,209 0.4% -1.2% Sweden 362 360 336 315 300 300 295-1.5% -1.4% Switzerland 274 272 266 247 251 264 238-9.5% -1.0% Turkey 667 659 650 655 689 724 705-2.7% 0.4% Ukraine 249 277 295 279 265 254 256 0.6% 0.2% United Kingdom 1,765 1,819 1,620 1,578 1,528 1,507 1,505-0.2% -1.1% Δ y/y (2014-2013) CAGR (2014-2000) Russia and Central Asia 3,300 3,354 3,662 3,976 4,045 4,203 4,311 2.6% 1.9% Russia 2,702 2,732 3,082 3,357 3,395 3,533 3,637 2.9% 2.1% Armenia 34 40 9 48 45 47 47 0.6% 2.4% Azerbaijan 131 104 80 84 82 89 89 0.6% -2.7% Georgia 15 14 20 20 16 16 16 0.6% 0.4% Kazakhstan 186 206 226 214 241 245 246 0.6% 2.0% Kyrgyzstan 10 12 26 34 32 33 33 0.6% 8.9% Tajikistan 22 29 11 14 14 15 15 0.6% -3.0% Turkmenistan 60 86 130 109 117 126 126 0.6% 5.5% Uzbekistan 140 131 79 97 102 100 101 0.6% -2.3% Data source: Monthly Oil Data Services OECD/International Energy Agency, 2015 21
Oil Consumption Countries (thousand barrels/day) Δ y/y (2014-2013) CAGR (2014-2000) Middle East 4,967 6,120 7,552 7,718 8,036 8,160 8,362 2.5% 3.8% Bahrain 34 64 65 65 71 72 73 0.9% 5.5% Iran 1,377 1,679 1,831 1,798 1,799 1,821 1,817-0.2% 2.0% Iraq 469 534 650 694 749 801 759-5.2% 3.5% Israel 252 233 251 248 280 237 235-1.2% -0.5% Jordan 101 111 103 131 147 150 153 1.6% 3.0% Kuwait 216 327 448 458 472 456 446-2.1% 5.3% Lebanon 93 97 120 124 140 144 147 2.4% 3.3% Oman 64 72 150 179 186 198 208 4.9% 8.8% Qatar 48 89 181 174 209 214 237 10.8% 12.0% Saudi Arabia 1,571 1,941 2,674 2,777 2,969 3,019 3,216 6.5% 5.3% Syria 228 324 299 286 215 211 196-7.1% -1.1% United Arab Emirates 416 510 621 650 669 706 744 5.3% 4.2% Yemen 98 139 159 135 129 131 133 1.5% 2.2% Δ y/y (2014-2013) CAGR (2014-2000) Africa 2,472 2,933 3,622 3,580 3,777 3,824 3,905 2.1% 3.3% Algeria 240 271 352 367 395 401 433 7.8% 4.3% Angola 37 42 106 105 110 119 129 8.5% 9.3% Benin 10 19 35 36 38 40 43 6.0% 10.6% Cameroon 21 22 35 36 37 39 40 4.2% 4.6% Congo 4 6 12 14 14 14 17 23.5% 10.6% Côte d'ivoire 27 24 24 21 33 34 36 4.5% 2.1% Dem. Rep. Congo 8 13 16 19 20 18 18 2.0% 6.2% Egypt 539 638 804 798 834 863 881 2.2% 3.6% Ethiopia 23 33 45 49 52 56 59 5.4% 7.0% Gabon 14 15 17 17 17 18 19 5.9% 2.5% Ghana 39 49 73 73 91 96 101 5.2% 7.1% Kenya 61 61 86 88 84 87 90 3.8% 2.8% Libya 244 264 304 187 262 232 224-3.3% -0.6% Morocco 147 193 258 277 279 290 300 3.4% 5.2% Mozambique 10 11 16 18 18 19 20 6.2% 5.1% Nigeria 224 300 289 287 298 302 288-4.5% 1.8% Senegal 31 36 38 38 38 39 40 2.8% 1.7% South Africa 436 504 598 625 612 599 587-2.0% 2.2% Sudan 43 77 112 107 105 105 109 3.8% 6.9% Tanzania 18 30 35 41 49 51 54 5.6% 8.3% Tunisia 84 91 88 83 85 86 87 1.4% 0.2% Zambia 11 13 13 15 19 19 20 3.5% 4.6% Zimbabwe 23 14 13 14 15 15 15 0.2% -3.2% Others Africa 180 206 255 264 272 284 295 4.1% 3.6% Data source: Monthly Oil Data Services OECD/International Energy Agency, 2015 22
Oil Consumption Countries (thousand barrels/day) Δ y/y (2014-2013) CAGR (2014-2000) Asia - Pacific 21,001 24,295 27,716 28,506 29,678 30,055 30,417 1.2% 2.7% Australia 872 964 1,005 1,048 1,073 1,082 1,082 0.0% 1.6% Bangladesh 66 80 81 103 109 113 118 4.0% 4.2% Brunei 13 14 16 18 17 18 18 4.2% 2.6% China 4,642 6,748 8,990 9,378 9,819 10,118 10,421 3.0% 5.9% Hong Kong 250 290 425 373 355 372 366-1.6% 2.8% India 2,336 2,632 3,429 3,578 3,755 3,774 3,860 2.3% 3.7% Indonesia 1,153 1,342 1,527 1,619 1,726 1,780 1,815 1.9% 3.3% Japan 5,480 5,298 4,429 4,443 4,705 4,521 4,297-5.0% -1.7% Malaysia 445 509 620 677 656 657 684 4.1% 3.1% Myanmar 37 42 24 25 45 47 49 4.0% 2.0% Nepal 15 16 22 23 25 26 27 4.0% 4.3% New Zealand 134 153 153 155 153 154 157 1.9% 1.1% North Korea 20 18 17 17 16 16 16 0.0% -1.8% Pakistan 374 336 410 407 424 438 447 2.0% 1.3% Philippines 350 312 314 303 309 321 337 5.0% -0.3% Singapore 729 859 1,163 1,230 1,219 1,244 1,268 1.9% 4.0% South Korea 2,135 2,191 2,269 2,259 2,322 2,324 2,350 1.1% 0.7% Sri Lanka 76 96 87 100 108 113 118 4.1% 3.2% Taiwan 869 993 1,027 950 940 983 989 0.6% 0.9% Thailand 748 1,008 1,128 1,180 1,249 1,263 1,277 1.1% 3.9% Vietnam 165 267 414 432 454 480 505 5.1% 8.3% Others Asia - Pacific 93 126 166 186 200 209 217 4.0% 6.3% Δ y/y (2014-2013) CAGR (2014-2000) Americas 29,093 30,878 30,238 30,217 30,016 30,725 30,844 0.4% 0.4% Argentina 549 570 691 714 758 777 768-1.2% 2.4% Bolivia 40 47 63 67 72 76 79 4.8% 5.0% Brazil 2,135 2,173 2,774 2,869 2,968 3,096 3,218 3.9% 3.0% Canada 2,008 2,269 2,283 2,310 2,354 2,439 2,413-1.1% 1.3% Chile 240 272 323 332 340 339 323-4.6% 2.2% Colombia 270 263 267 307 316 332 329-0.9% 1.4% Costa Rica 37 46 49 50 50 51 53 2.7% 2.6% Cuba 196 178 182 176 179 181 182 1.0% -0.5% Dominican Republic 123 119 114 114 115 116 118 1.5% -0.3% Ecuador 147 193 244 245 251 259 267 3.2% 4.3% El Salvador 37 45 44 45 46 47 48 2.2% 1.8% Guatemala 61 72 71 72 72 74 76 2.7% 1.6% Haiti 10 14 14 15 16 16 17 3.0% 3.7% Honduras 28 43 46 47 51 52 54 3.0% 4.7% Jamaica 66 70 51 53 51 51 52 1.5% -1.7% Mexico 2,096 2,117 2,080 2,113 2,086 2,044 1,966-3.8% -0.5% Netherlands Antilles 75 79 73 80 81 82 84 2.3% 0.9% Nicaragua 24 27 29 30 29 30 31 3.6% 1.9% Panama 84 87 123 132 131 136 141 3.3% 3.7% Paraguay 23 25 35 37 38 41 43 3.7% 4.6% Peru 163 160 202 214 223 234 248 5.9% 3.0% Trinidad and Tobago 29 47 47 47 44 44 45 1.8% 3.1% United States 19,999 21,168 19,476 19,248 18,814 19,265 19,343 0.4% -0.2% Uruguay 43 43 53 60 66 67 69 2.3% 3.5% Venezuela 497 639 774 710 735 740 740 0.0% 2.9% Others Americas 113 112 130 130 131 134 137 2.2% 1.4% Data source: Monthly Oil Data Services OECD/International Energy Agency, 2015 23
Oil Per Capita Consumption Areas and Aggregates (barrels) Europe 9.31 9.49 8.71 8.47 8.17 8.09 7.95 Russia and Central Asia 5.53 5.62 6.02 6.52 6.61 6.85 7.00 Middle East 10.91 11.94 12.98 12.97 13.23 13.18 13.25 Africa 1.23 1.30 1.42 1.39 1.43 1.41 1.41 Asia - Pacific 2.25 2.45 2.66 2.71 2.80 2.81 2.81 Americas 12.75 12.75 11.83 11.70 11.51 11.67 11.60 - North America 25.63 26.03 23.09 22.70 22.12 22.52 22.40 - Latin America 4.98 4.89 5.25 5.30 5.36 5.40 5.38 World 4.60 4.74 4.69 4.68 4.68 4.69 4.67 European Union 11.11 11.26 10.25 9.92 9.54 9.40 9.24 MENA 7.39 8.17 9.09 8.98 9.25 9.21 9.28 OECD 15.36 15.38 13.83 13.59 13.37 13.34 13.13 NON OECD 2.11 2.35 2.69 2.74 2.81 2.84 2.87 OPEC 6.14 6.78 7.50 7.31 7.54 7.50 7.52 NON OPEC 4.52 4.62 4.51 4.51 4.50 4.51 4.49 Per Capita Consumption (2014) Data source: Eni s calculations. The original data are from Monthly Oil Data Services OECD/International Energy Agency, 2015 and IHS Global Insight 24
Oil Per Capita Consumption The World Top 10 Consumers Ranked by Per Capita Consumption (barrels) Saudi Arabia 28.46 28.70 35.81 36.51 38.31 38.23 39.96 Canada 23.91 25.72 24.54 24.58 24.76 25.36 24.81 United States 25.81 26.06 22.93 22.50 21.83 22.20 22.13 South Korea 16.95 17.01 17.09 16.92 17.29 17.22 17.32 Japan 15.91 15.23 12.69 12.74 13.50 12.98 12.35 Germany 12.29 11.61 11.01 10.68 10.65 10.82 10.63 Russia 6.72 6.93 7.83 8.54 8.66 9.03 9.32 Brazil 4.47 4.26 5.19 5.32 5.45 5.64 5.81 China 1.34 1.88 2.45 2.54 2.65 2.71 2.78 India 0.82 0.85 1.04 1.07 1.11 1.10 1.11 The World Top 10 (2014) Data source: Eni s calculations. The original data are from Monthly Oil Data Services OECD/International Energy Agency, 2015 and IHS Global Insight 25
Oil Per Capita Consumption Countries (barrels) Europe 9.31 9.49 8.71 8.47 8.17 8.09 7.95 Albania 2.49 3.50 3.23 3.26 2.91 2.94 2.82 Austria 11.41 13.26 12.12 11.47 11.25 11.34 11.14 Belarus 4.89 5.83 5.64 7.19 7.00 6.92 7.00 Belgium 21.55 22.92 22.26 20.85 20.01 20.14 20.26 Bosnia Herzegovina 2.20 2.21 3.15 3.15 2.94 3.01 3.10 Bulgaria 3.91 4.68 4.17 3.97 4.26 4.09 4.31 Croatia 6.71 7.81 6.55 6.56 6.09 6.13 6.23 Cyprus 19.30 20.00 18.87 18.47 16.98 15.99 15.19 Czech Republic 6.03 7.59 6.99 6.85 6.73 6.52 6.97 Denmark 14.36 12.36 11.01 10.74 10.14 10.05 9.97 Estonia 5.70 7.17 7.44 7.33 8.24 8.43 9.15 Finland 15.11 15.24 14.54 14.07 13.39 13.35 13.16 France 12.37 11.88 10.64 10.35 10.18 10.10 9.70 Germany 12.29 11.61 11.01 10.68 10.65 10.82 10.63 Greece 13.26 14.01 12.24 11.52 10.04 9.32 9.30 Hungary 5.12 5.59 5.44 5.23 4.88 4.97 5.21 Iceland 23.90 23.96 24.23 24.17 19.81 18.86 18.31 Ireland 16.31 16.85 13.19 11.56 10.87 11.16 11.12 Italy 11.93 11.13 9.36 9.02 8.25 7.91 7.42 Latvia 4.25 5.24 6.14 6.10 5.52 5.68 5.75 Lithuania 5.64 6.85 6.30 7.12 8.42 8.64 8.72 Luxembourg 40.17 50.74 43.14 43.05 40.57 39.33 37.01 Macedonia 3.35 3.17 3.20 3.29 3.22 3.28 3.42 Malta 26.66 28.81 40.60 36.53 37.26 36.79 38.06 Moldova 0.92 1.34 1.65 1.72 1.94 2.07 2.09 Netherlands 19.66 22.59 22.41 22.32 22.09 21.61 20.87 Norway 17.01 17.50 16.59 16.66 15.88 16.21 16.25 Poland 3.91 4.50 5.40 5.32 5.03 4.88 4.87 Portugal 11.78 11.70 9.43 8.83 7.81 8.30 8.41 Romania 3.37 3.69 2.94 3.09 3.06 3.08 3.15 Serbia and Montenegro 1.61 4.48 4.55 4.54 4.04 4.14 4.27 Slovakia 4.51 5.32 5.62 5.55 4.76 4.77 4.94 Slovenia 9.20 9.80 9.86 9.74 9.47 8.90 8.63 Spain 12.92 13.30 11.19 10.71 10.05 9.35 9.35 Sweden 14.88 14.53 13.06 12.16 11.51 11.42 11.19 Switzerland 13.92 13.33 12.39 11.37 11.44 11.90 10.63 Turkey 3.85 3.55 3.29 3.27 3.40 3.53 3.39 Ukraine 1.85 2.15 2.34 2.22 2.13 2.05 2.08 United Kingdom 10.94 10.99 9.42 9.10 8.76 8.58 8.51 Russia and Central Asia 5.53 5.62 6.02 6.52 6.61 6.85 7.00 Russia 6.72 6.93 7.83 8.54 8.66 9.03 9.32 Armenia 4.00 4.77 1.03 5.59 5.32 5.47 5.49 Azerbaijan 5.89 4.43 3.20 3.34 3.21 3.44 3.42 Georgia 1.17 1.11 1.69 1.65 1.37 1.34 1.35 Kazakhstan 4.67 5.00 5.18 4.85 5.40 5.44 5.42 Kyrgyzstan 0.74 0.89 1.76 2.27 2.14 2.19 2.17 Tajikistan 1.32 1.54 0.51 0.65 0.63 0.64 0.63 Turkmenistan 4.84 6.63 9.39 7.78 8.26 8.74 8.69 Uzbekistan 2.05 1.84 1.04 1.26 1.30 1.26 1.25 Data source: Eni s calculations. The original data are from Monthly Oil Data Services OECD/International Energy Agency, 2015 and IHS Global Insight 26
Oil Per Capita Consumption Countries (barrels) Middle East 10.91 11.94 12.98 12.97 13.23 13.18 13.25 Bahrain 18.76 26.54 19.00 18.26 19.66 19.73 19.72 Iran 7.63 8.73 8.97 8.70 8.59 8.58 8.45 Iraq 7.18 7.11 7.66 7.95 8.34 8.66 7.97 Israel 15.32 12.90 12.36 11.98 13.38 11.20 10.94 Jordan 7.71 7.77 5.84 7.10 7.68 7.53 7.42 Kuwait 41.33 52.03 54.61 53.48 52.98 49.38 46.80 Lebanon 10.55 8.85 10.10 10.12 11.02 10.88 10.81 Oman 10.58 10.48 19.48 21.62 20.53 19.94 19.34 Qatar 29.71 39.46 37.82 33.31 37.17 35.95 38.09 Saudi Arabia 28.46 28.70 35.81 36.51 38.31 38.23 39.96 Syria 5.08 6.50 5.07 4.79 3.58 3.52 3.26 United Arab Emirates 50.13 44.91 26.84 26.57 26.52 27.58 28.74 Yemen 2.05 2.51 2.55 2.11 1.98 1.96 1.94 Africa 1.23 1.30 1.42 1.39 1.43 1.41 1.41 Algeria 2.76 2.91 3.46 3.55 3.75 3.73 3.95 Angola 0.97 0.93 1.98 1.91 1.93 2.02 2.12 Benin 0.55 0.85 1.33 1.35 1.38 1.43 1.47 Cameroon 0.49 0.45 0.61 0.62 0.63 0.63 0.64 Congo 0.49 0.67 1.10 1.17 1.21 1.14 1.37 Côte d'ivoire 0.61 0.51 0.46 0.40 0.60 0.62 0.63 Dem. Rep. Congo 0.06 0.08 0.09 0.11 0.11 0.09 0.09 Egypt 2.97 3.24 3.76 3.67 3.77 3.84 3.86 Ethiopia 0.12 0.15 0.18 0.19 0.20 0.21 0.22 Gabon 4.09 3.96 4.06 3.99 3.83 3.98 4.11 Ghana 0.75 0.84 1.09 1.07 1.31 1.36 1.40 Kenya 0.71 0.62 0.77 0.77 0.71 0.72 0.72 Libya 17.19 17.21 18.36 11.17 15.53 13.63 13.08 Morocco 1.86 2.34 2.97 3.15 3.13 3.20 3.26 Mozambique 0.20 0.19 0.25 0.27 0.25 0.26 0.27 Nigeria 0.66 0.78 0.66 0.64 0.64 0.64 0.59 Senegal 1.16 1.17 1.07 1.05 1.00 1.00 1.00 South Africa 3.54 3.81 4.24 4.39 4.26 4.14 4.03 Sudan 0.46 0.73 0.94 1.14 1.09 1.07 1.09 Tanzania 0.19 0.28 0.28 0.32 0.36 0.37 0.38 Tunisia 3.23 3.31 3.02 2.80 2.85 2.85 2.86 Zambia 0.38 0.42 0.35 0.41 0.48 0.48 0.48 Zimbabwe 0.68 0.41 0.36 0.38 0.39 0.38 0.37 Data source: Eni s calculations. The original data are from Monthly Oil Data Services OECD/International Energy Agency, 2015 and IHS Global Insight 27
Oil Per Capita Consumption Countries (barrels) Asia - Pacific 2.25 2.45 2.66 2.71 2.80 2.81 2.81 Australia 16.53 17.15 16.38 16.82 17.00 16.92 16.71 Bangladesh 0.18 0.20 0.20 0.25 0.26 0.26 0.27 Brunei 14.03 13.53 14.97 15.81 15.22 15.39 15.83 China 1.34 1.88 2.45 2.54 2.65 2.71 2.78 Hong Kong 13.35 15.36 22.00 19.21 18.11 18.86 18.41 India 0.82 0.85 1.04 1.07 1.11 1.10 1.11 Indonesia 2.01 2.18 2.32 2.42 2.55 2.60 2.62 Japan 15.91 15.23 12.69 12.74 13.50 12.98 12.35 Malaysia 6.94 7.19 8.00 8.60 8.19 8.07 8.27 Myanmar 0.27 0.28 0.15 0.15 0.27 0.27 0.28 Nepal 0.24 0.23 0.30 0.31 0.33 0.34 0.35 New Zealand 12.66 13.49 12.78 12.84 12.49 12.45 12.56 North Korea 0.32 0.28 0.25 0.25 0.24 0.23 0.23 Pakistan 0.95 0.78 0.86 0.84 0.86 0.88 0.88 Philippines 1.65 1.33 1.23 1.16 1.17 1.19 1.23 Singapore 67.92 69.72 83.57 86.49 83.88 83.91 83.86 South Korea 16.95 17.01 17.09 16.92 17.29 17.22 17.32 Sri Lanka 1.47 1.75 1.53 1.74 1.87 1.94 2.00 Taiwan 14.34 16.00 16.27 15.03 14.82 15.46 15.52 Thailand 4.38 5.61 6.20 6.47 6.83 6.88 6.94 Vietnam 0.74 1.15 1.70 1.75 1.83 1.91 1.99 Americas 12.75 12.75 11.83 11.70 11.51 11.67 11.60 Argentina 5.43 5.38 6.24 6.39 6.73 6.84 6.70 Bolivia 1.72 1.82 2.26 2.37 2.49 2.59 2.67 Brazil 4.47 4.26 5.19 5.32 5.45 5.64 5.81 Canada 23.91 25.72 24.54 24.58 24.76 25.36 24.81 Chile 5.66 6.08 6.87 7.00 7.11 7.02 6.64 Colombia 2.48 2.23 2.10 2.39 2.42 2.52 2.46 Costa Rica 3.42 3.87 3.80 3.84 3.81 3.86 3.91 Cuba 6.44 5.75 5.89 5.70 5.80 5.85 5.91 Dominican Republic 5.20 4.65 4.16 4.10 4.10 4.09 4.10 Ecuador 4.29 5.12 5.93 5.87 5.91 6.00 6.10 El Salvador 2.28 2.69 2.57 2.60 2.65 2.68 2.72 Guatemala 1.98 2.08 1.80 1.78 1.75 1.75 1.75 Haiti 0.43 0.56 0.53 0.54 0.58 0.58 0.59 Honduras 1.65 2.27 2.19 2.19 2.33 2.35 2.38 Jamaica 9.28 9.55 6.73 7.03 6.75 6.70 6.77 Mexico 7.36 6.98 6.44 6.46 6.30 6.10 5.80 Netherlands Antilles 162.28 171.42 148.82 155.97 154.71 156.65 158.87 Nicaragua 1.71 1.80 1.84 1.86 1.77 1.81 1.85 Panama 10.08 9.40 12.25 12.86 12.62 12.85 13.06 Paraguay 1.55 1.52 2.00 2.06 2.08 2.20 2.24 Peru 2.29 2.11 2.52 2.64 2.71 2.81 2.94 Trinidad and Tobago 8.41 13.33 12.91 12.86 11.91 12.04 12.23 United States 25.81 26.06 22.93 22.50 21.83 22.20 22.13 Uruguay 4.70 4.70 5.73 6.49 7.07 7.22 7.36 Venezuela 7.44 8.73 9.73 8.79 8.95 8.88 8.76 Data source: Eni s calculations. The original data are from Monthly Oil Data Services OECD/International Energy Agency, 2015 and IHS Global Insight 28
Oil Production/Consumption Ratio Areas and Aggregates Europe 0.43 0.35 0.28 0.26 0.25 0.24 0.24 Russia and Central Asia 2.38 3.49 3.67 3.39 3.34 3.28 3.21 Middle East 4.73 4.18 3.36 3.58 3.51 3.44 3.41 Africa 3.16 3.38 2.85 2.55 2.60 2.37 2.19 Asia - Pacific 0.38 0.33 0.31 0.29 0.28 0.27 0.27 Americas 0.72 0.68 0.71 0.73 0.77 0.80 0.86 - North America 0.49 0.43 0.51 0.54 0.61 0.65 0.74 - Latin America 1.45 1.46 1.22 1.21 1.17 1.14 1.14 World 0.97 0.97 0.94 0.95 0.96 0.95 0.96 European Union 0.24 0.18 0.15 0.13 0.12 0.12 0.12 MENA 4.38 3.95 3.16 3.24 3.24 3.13 3.05 OECD 0.45 0.40 0.40 0.41 0.43 0.45 0.50 NON OECD 1.86 1.82 1.55 1.52 1.50 1.45 1.42 OPEC 5.61 5.12 4.09 4.23 4.21 4.05 3.94 NON OPEC 0.62 0.61 0.61 0.60 0.60 0.61 0.63 Production/Consumption Ratio (2014) Data source: Eni s calculations. The original data are from Monthly Oil Data Services OECD/International Energy Agency, 2015 29
Oil Production/Consumption Ratio The World Top 10 Producers Ranked by Production/Consumption Ratio Kuwait 10.01 7.78 5.58 6.05 6.33 6.82 6.95 United Arab Emirates 6.31 5.87 4.56 4.95 5.06 4.96 4.81 Iraq 5.51 3.44 3.74 3.96 4.05 3.95 4.50 Saudi Arabia 5.95 5.61 3.73 4.04 3.95 3.84 3.62 Russia 2.42 3.53 3.39 3.16 3.15 3.08 3.01 Iran 2.73 2.52 2.30 2.32 1.97 1.81 1.89 Canada 1.36 1.34 1.46 1.53 1.59 1.63 1.74 Mexico 1.65 1.78 1.42 1.39 1.40 1.41 1.42 United States 0.40 0.33 0.40 0.42 0.48 0.53 0.61 China 0.70 0.54 0.45 0.44 0.43 0.41 0.40 The World Top 10 (2014) Data source: Eni s calculations. The original data are from Monthly Oil Data Services OECD/International Energy Agency, 2015 30
Oil Production/Consumption Ratio Countries Europe 0.43 0.35 0.28 0.26 0.25 0.24 0.24 Albania 0.27 0.28 0.49 0.61 0.75 0.77 0.91 Austria 0.08 0.06 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.08 0.08 Belarus 0.28 0.23 0.23 0.17 0.17 0.16 0.15 Bulgaria 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 Croatia 0.34 0.23 0.25 0.23 0.23 0.22 0.21 Czech Republic 0.04 0.05 0.03 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.02 Denmark 1.73 2.12 1.52 1.35 1.29 1.13 1.07 Estonia 0.22 0.18 0.38 0.42 0.41 0.41 0.43 France 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 Germany 0.03 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 Greece 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 Hungary 0.27 0.24 0.17 0.15 0.18 0.19 0.14 Italy 0.04 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.08 0.08 0.09 Netherlands 0.06 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.04 Norway 15.92 13.36 9.61 9.04 8.82 8.21 8.35 Poland 0.04 0.06 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.06 0.06 Romania 0.64 0.51 0.52 0.49 0.49 0.48 0.47 Serbia and Montenegro 0.55 0.13 0.18 0.22 0.23 0.20 0.19 Slovakia 0.02 0.09 0.06 0.03 0.03 0.05 0.06 Spain 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 Turkey 0.08 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.06 0.07 Ukraine 0.33 0.35 0.27 0.25 0.29 0.27 0.24 United Kingdom 1.53 1.01 0.84 0.71 0.62 0.59 0.58 Russia and Central Asia 2.38 3.49 3.67 3.39 3.34 3.28 3.21 Russia 2.42 3.53 3.39 3.16 3.15 3.08 3.01 Azerbaijan 2.15 4.31 13.07 10.98 10.72 9.98 9.77 Georgia 0.14 0.10 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 Kazakhstan 3.85 6.27 7.32 7.86 6.91 6.99 6.85 Kyrgyzstan 0.15 0.18 0.04 0.05 0.05 0.04 0.04 Tajikistan 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 Turkmenistan 2.65 2.33 1.51 1.81 1.83 1.90 1.99 Uzbekistan 1.25 0.90 1.11 0.80 0.67 0.68 0.67 Middle East 4.73 4.18 3.36 3.58 3.51 3.44 3.41 Bahrain 5.75 3.10 2.94 3.11 2.59 2.68 2.62 Iran 2.73 2.52 2.30 2.32 1.97 1.81 1.89 Iraq 5.51 3.44 3.74 3.96 4.05 3.95 4.50 Kuwait 10.01 7.78 5.58 6.05 6.33 6.82 6.95 Oman 15.08 10.73 5.82 4.99 4.96 4.79 4.56 Qatar 17.80 13.70 9.20 10.40 9.63 9.63 8.60 Saudi Arabia 5.95 5.61 3.73 4.04 3.95 3.84 3.62 Syria 2.51 1.38 1.29 1.23 0.80 0.28 0.17 United Arab Emirates 6.31 5.87 4.56 4.95 5.06 4.96 4.81 Yemen 4.57 3.04 1.92 1.79 1.46 1.15 1.09 Data source: Eni s calculations. The original data are from Monthly Oil Data Services OECD/International Energy Agency, 2015 31
Oil Production/Consumption Ratio Countries Africa 3.16 3.38 2.85 2.55 2.60 2.37 2.19 Algeria 5.99 7.14 4.89 4.56 4.10 3.92 3.65 Angola 20.11 29.63 17.14 16.42 16.82 15.11 13.48 Cameroon 5.33 3.99 1.86 1.67 1.73 1.78 1.89 Congo 63.44 38.14 24.19 22.33 20.07 20.23 16.39 Côte d'ivoire 0.26 1.66 1.89 2.14 1.29 1.00 0.76 Dem. Rep. Congo 2.91 1.96 1.53 1.23 1.20 1.34 1.26 Egypt 1.35 1.06 0.91 0.91 0.90 0.85 0.79 Gabon 20.07 18.08 14.76 14.58 14.30 12.95 12.25 Ghana 0.18 0.12 0.09 1.06 0.89 1.08 1.06 Libya 6.04 6.52 5.47 2.60 5.64 4.11 2.22 Nigeria 9.66 8.48 9.04 9.40 8.81 8.13 8.42 South Africa 0.46 0.41 0.24 0.19 0.21 0.19 0.19 Sudan 4.12 3.97 4.16 4.23 1.08 2.04 2.47 Tunisia 0.92 0.80 0.95 0.85 0.82 0.75 0.69 Asia - Pacific 0.38 0.33 0.31 0.29 0.28 0.27 0.27 Australia 0.92 0.57 0.56 0.47 0.45 0.37 0.39 Bangladesh 0.06 0.07 0.06 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.03 Brunei 15.29 15.09 9.32 9.61 9.24 7.67 6.87 China 0.70 0.54 0.45 0.44 0.43 0.41 0.40 India 0.33 0.29 0.26 0.26 0.24 0.23 0.23 Indonesia 1.27 0.81 0.65 0.58 0.53 0.49 0.46 Malaysia 1.60 1.56 1.16 0.97 1.03 0.98 0.98 Myanmar 0.33 0.53 0.78 0.69 0.38 0.34 0.31 New Zealand 0.33 0.16 0.39 0.32 0.31 0.27 0.30 Pakistan 0.15 0.19 0.16 0.17 0.16 0.14 0.14 Philippines 0.00 0.13 0.11 0.11 0.09 0.08 0.12 South Korea 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 Thailand 0.26 0.29 0.34 0.35 0.32 0.37 0.36 Vietnam 2.02 1.44 0.77 0.73 0.78 0.72 0.61 Americas 0.72 0.68 0.71 0.73 0.77 0.80 0.86 Argentina 1.51 1.39 1.06 0.95 0.87 0.81 0.81 Bolivia 0.97 1.24 0.81 0.78 0.78 0.76 0.76 Brazil 0.60 0.78 0.77 0.77 0.73 0.69 0.73 Canada 1.36 1.34 1.46 1.53 1.59 1.63 1.74 Chile 0.04 0.03 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.03 Colombia 2.55 2.01 2.95 2.99 3.00 3.04 3.02 Cuba 0.26 0.30 0.31 0.31 0.29 0.28 0.26 Ecuador 2.74 2.76 1.92 2.03 2.00 2.00 2.06 Guatemala 0.35 0.26 0.17 0.15 0.14 0.12 0.11 Mexico 1.65 1.78 1.42 1.39 1.40 1.41 1.42 Peru 0.64 0.73 0.77 0.71 0.69 0.71 0.70 Trinidad and Tobago 4.90 3.82 3.16 2.98 2.75 2.64 2.50 United States 0.40 0.33 0.40 0.42 0.48 0.53 0.61 Venezuela 6.47 4.84 3.58 3.87 3.72 3.68 3.61 Data source: Eni s calculations. The original data are from Monthly Oil Data Services OECD/International Energy Agency, 2015 32
Oil Crude Future Prices and Open Interests Ice Brent Price 1 Month WTI vs Brent 1 Month Differential (US$/barrel) (US$/barrel) 140 10 120 5 100 0 80-5 60-10 40-15 20-20 0-25 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Ice Brent Open Interests CME WTI Open Interests (no. contracts) (no. contracts) 320,000 320,000 280,000 280,000 240,000 240,000 200,000 200,000 160,000 160,000 120,000 120,000 80,000 80,000 40,000 40,000 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Data source: ICE London and CME New York 33
natural gas Reserves Production Reserves/Production Ratio Consumption Per Capita Consumption Production/Consumption Ratio Exports Imports Traded Gas LNG - Liquefaction and Regasification Capacity Natural Gas Balance - Italy World Oil and Gas Review 2015
Natural Gas Reserves Areas and Aggregates (billion cubic metres as at 31 st December) y/y (2014-2013) CAGR (2014-2000) Europe 8,540 7,336 6,364 5,704 5,590 5,369 5,078-5.4% -3.6% Russia and Central Asia 51,507 52,618 60,949 63,625 63,677 64,150 64,637 0.8% 1.6% Middle East 59,811 72,493 79,376 79,928 80,131 80,087 80,480 0.5% 2.1% Africa 12,460 14,223 14,527 14,598 14,543 14,470 14,478 0.1% 1.1% Asia - Pacific 12,247 14,134 16,469 16,818 17,036 16,982 17,031 0.3% 2.4% Americas 14,418 14,651 18,210 19,026 18,461 19,666 20,067 2.0% 2.4% - North America 6,704 7,416 10,321 11,114 10,417 11,670 12,088 3.6% 4.3% - Latin America 7,714 7,235 7,889 7,912 8,043 7,996 7,979-0.2% 0.2% World 158,983 175,456 195,895 199,700 199,438 200,724 201,771 0.5% 1.7% European Union 3,606 3,144 2,582 2,000 1,892 1,714 1,538-10.3% -5.9% MENA 67,162 80,448 87,653 88,236 88,436 88,348 88,723 0.4% 2.0% OECD 17,059 16,049 19,611 20,189 19,365 20,372 20,426 0.3% 1.3% NON OECD 141,924 159,407 176,284 179,510 180,072 180,352 181,346 0.6% 1.8% OPEC 72,444 86,659 94,257 94,928 95,132 95,034 95,129 0.1% 2.0% NON OPEC 86,539 88,797 101,638 104,771 104,305 105,690 106,642 0.9% 1.5% World Natural Gas Reserves (2014) 201,771 billion cubic metres as at 31 st December World Natural Gas Reserves Growth (2000-2014) 42,788 billion cubic metres as at 31 st December Data source: Eni s estimates on Enerdata Global Energy & CO2 Data and other sources data 36
Natural Gas Reserves The World Top 10 Reserves Holders (billion cubic metres as at 31 st December) y/y (2014-2013) CAGR (2014-2000) Russia 43,809 44,860 46,000 48,676 48,810 49,335 49,896 1.1% 0.9% Iran 26,600 27,580 33,090 33,620 33,780 34,020 34,020 0.0% 1.8% Qatar 14,443 25,636 25,201 25,110 25,069 24,681 24,531-0.6% 3.9% United States (**) 5,021 5,784 8,621 9,454 8,717 9,573 9,960 4.0% 5.0% Turkmenistan 2,680 2,680 10,000 10,000 9,967 9,934 9,904-0.3% 9.8% Saudi Arabia 6,301 6,900 8,016 8,151 8,235 8,317 8,489 2.1% 2.2% United Arab Emirates 6,060 6,060 6,091 6,091 6,091 6,091 6,091 0.0% 0.0% Venezuela 4,152 4,315 5,525 5,528 5,563 5,581 5,617 0.6% 2.2% Nigeria 4,106 5,152 5,110 5,154 5,118 5,111 5,111 0.0% 1.6% Algeria 4,523 4,504 4,504 4,504 4,504 4,504 4,504 0.0% 0.0% The World Top 10 117,695 133,471 152,158 156,288 155,854 157,147 158,123 0.6% 2.1% Rest of the World 41,288 41,984 43,737 43,411 43,583 43,577 43,648 0.2% 0.4% World 158,983 175,456 195,895 199,700 199,438 200,724 201,771 0.5% 1.7% The World top 10 (2014) Data source: Eni s estimates on Enerdata Global Energy & CO2 Data (**) Data source: Eni s estimates on EIA DOE data 37
Natural Gas Reserves Countries (billion cubic metres as at 31 st December) y/y (2014-2013) CAGR (2013-2000) Europe 8,540 7,336 6,364 5,704 5,590 5,369 5,078-5.4% -3.6% Albania 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 0.0% 0.0% Austria 26 21 16 15 14 11 10-7.3% -6.7% Belarus 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 0.0% -9.4% Bulgaria 6 3 5 5 5 5 5 0.0% -1.3% Croatia 29 30 25 24 23 22 20-7.0% -2.5% Czech Republic 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 0.0% -2.0% Denmark 144 122 101 95 91 90 90 0.0% -3.3% France 8 7 5 11 10 9 9-2.9% 0.6% Germany 264 178 87 80 71 63 51-18.7% -11.1% Greece 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0.0% 0.0% Hungary 32 21 12 12 11 9 9-0.5% -8.5% Ireland 34 25 25 25 25 25 25 0.0% -2.2% Italy (**) 199 117 66 62 59 56 53-5.4% -9.0% Moldova 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 0.0% 0.0% Netherlands 1,655 1,387 1,304 1,230 1,131 989 864-12.6% -4.5% Norway (***) 3,841 3,108 2,762 2,685 2,687 2,654 2,547-4.0% -2.9% Poland 119 106 71 69 73 69 63-8.8% -4.5% Romania 335 628 595 109 119 113 109-3.4% -7.7% Serbia and Montenegro 25 23 22 21 21 20 20 0.0% -1.6% Slovakia 15 14 13 13 12 4 4 0.0% -9.0% Spain 0 0 0 0 0 4 3-2.6% Turkey 4 8 6 6 7 6 6 1.6% 3.4% Ukraine 1,040 1,030 969 969 960 952 944-0.8% -0.7% United Kingdom 735 481 253 246 244 242 218-10.0% -8.3% y/y (2014-2013) CAGR (2014-2000) Russia and Central Asia 51,507 52,618 60,949 63,625 63,677 64,150 64,637 0.8% 1.6% Russia 43,809 44,860 46,000 48,676 48,810 49,335 49,896 1.1% 0.9% Armenia 165 165 18 18 18 18 18 0.0% -14.6% Azerbaijan 1,275 1,275 1,317 1,317 1,308 1,300 1,291-0.7% 0.1% Georgia 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0.0% -4.8% Kazakhstan 1,840 1,900 1,950 1,950 1,939 1,929 1,918-0.6% 0.3% Kyrgyzstan 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0.0% -4.8% Tajikistan 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0.0% -4.8% Turkmenistan 2,680 2,680 10,000 10,000 9,967 9,934 9,904-0.3% 9.8% Uzbekistan 1,735 1,735 1,661 1,661 1,632 1,632 1,608-1.5% -0.5% y/y (2014-2013) CAGR (2014-2000) Middle East 59,811 72,493 79,376 79,928 80,131 80,087 80,480 0.5% 2.1% Bahrain 110 90 92 92 92 92 92 0.0% -1.3% Iran 26,600 27,580 33,090 33,620 33,780 34,020 34,020 0.0% 1.8% Iraq 3,109 3,170 3,158 3,158 3,158 3,158 3,158 0.0% 0.1% Israel 45 45 215 202 202 224 217-3.1% 11.9% Jordan 7 6 6 6 6 6 6 0.0% -1.1% Kuwait 1,557 1,572 1,784 1,784 1,784 1,784 1,784 0.0% 1.0% Oman 859 670 950 950 950 950 1,328 39.8% 3.2% Qatar 14,443 25,636 25,201 25,110 25,069 24,681 24,531-0.6% 3.9% Saudi Arabia 6,301 6,900 8,016 8,151 8,235 8,317 8,489 2.1% 2.2% Syria 241 285 285 285 285 285 285 0.0% 1.2% United Arab Emirates 6,060 6,060 6,091 6,091 6,091 6,091 6,091 0.0% 0.0% Yemen 479 479 488 479 479 479 479 0.0% 0.0% Data source: Eni s estimates on Enerdata Global Energy & CO2 Data, for Norway on Norwegian Petroleum Directorate's data, for United Kingdom on DECC data (**) Data source: Italian Ministry for Economic Development 38
Natural Gas Reserves Countries (billion cubic metres as at 31 st December) y/y (2014-2013) CAGR (2014-2000) Africa 12,460 14,223 14,527 14,598 14,543 14,470 14,478 0.1% 1.1% Algeria 4,523 4,504 4,504 4,504 4,504 4,504 4,504 0.0% 0.0% Angola 269 270 275 275 275 275 308 12.0% 1.0% Benin 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0.0% 0.0% Cameroon 102 165 155 153 151 144 154 6.9% 3.0% Chad 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0.0% Congo 122 130 127 124 121 115 106-7.8% -1.0% Côte d'ivoire 30 25 18 16 16 24 23-4.2% -1.9% Dem. Rep. Congo 1 1 0 0 0 0 0-100.0% Egypt 1,433 1,920 2,210 2,190 2,185 2,185 2,168-0.8% 3.0% Equatorial Guinea 48 96 125 121 119 109 99-8.7% 5.3% Ethiopia 25 25 28 28 28 28 28 0.0% 0.8% Gabon 33 30 28 27 26 26 26 0.0% -1.7% Ghana 24 24 27 27 27 27 27 0.0% 0.8% Libya 1,314 1,491 1,495 1,547 1,549 1,506 1,505-0.1% 1.0% Madagascar 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 0.0% 0.0% Mauritania 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0.0% Morocco 3 3 3 2 2 1 1 0.0% -7.5% Mozambique 62 61 75 75 75 75 75 0.0% 1.4% Namibia 85 70 70 70 70 70 70 0.0% -1.4% Nigeria 4,106 5,152 5,110 5,154 5,118 5,111 5,111 0.0% 1.6% Rwanda 57 57 57 57 57 57 57 0.0% 0.0% Senegal 11 11 10 10 2 2 2 0.0% -11.5% Somalia 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 0.0% 0.0% South Africa 17 29 12 15 15 8 11 31.7% -3.2% Sudan 85 85 85 85 85 85 85 0.0% 0.0% Tanzania 23 28 37 37 37 37 37 0.0% 3.5% Tunisia 78 37 65 65 65 65 65 0.0% -1.3% Uganda 0 0 0 5 5 5 5 0.0% y/y CAGR (2014-2013) (2014-2000) 0.01322043 0.0274856 Asia - Pacific 12,247 14,134 16,469 16,818 17,036 16,982 17,031 0.3% 2.4% Afghanistan 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 0.0% 0.0% Australia 2,203 2,429 3,864 3,831 3,821 3,769 3,703-1.7% 3.8% Bangladesh 306 407 354 474 458 436 418-4.1% 2.3% Brunei 366 333 301 288 276 270 263-2.5% -2.3% China 1,515 2,200 2,853 3,051 3,200 3,275 3,367 2.8% 5.9% India 760 1,101 1,149 1,278 1,330 1,355 1,427 5.3% 4.6% Indonesia 2,608 2,659 2,963 2,925 2,954 2,866 2,815-1.8% 0.5% Japan 40 39 37 36 34 33 32-3.9% -1.6% Malaysia 2,189 2,346 2,334 2,389 2,550 2,611 2,690 3.0% 1.5% Myanmar 287 485 522 509 496 485 474-2.2% 3.7% New Zealand 57 62 52 51 50 53 64 19.8% 0.8% Pakistan 677 852 810 778 762 749 736-1.7% 0.6% Papua New Guinea 428 428 442 442 442 442 427-3.5% 0.0% Philippines 105 95 89 87 83 80 76-5.1% -2.3% South Korea 0 3 1 1 1 1 1 0.0% Taiwan 76 71 70 69 3 3 3 0.0% -20.6% Thailand 360 304 300 285 256 238 225-5.7% -3.3% Vietnam 170 220 228 224 220 216 211-2.5% 1.5% Data source: Eni s estimates on Enerdata Global Energy & CO2 Data 39
Natural Gas Reserves Countries (billion cubic metres as at 31 st December) y/y (2014-2013) CAGR (2014-2000) Americas 14,418 14,651 18,210 19,026 18,461 19,666 20,067 2.0% 2.4% Argentina 778 439 359 333 316 328 309-5.8% -6.4% Barbados 0 2 2 2 2 2 2 0.0% Bolivia 675 710 281 281 317 296 300 1.5% -5.6% Brazil 221 306 417 460 459 458 471 2.9% 5.6% Canada 1,683 1,632 1,700 1,660 1,700 2,097 2,128 1.5% 1.7% Chile 94 43 43 41 41 40 40 0.0% -5.9% Colombia 129 113 153 155 162 156 156 0.0% 1.4% Cuba 18 17 14 12 11 11 10-9.1% -4.1% Ecuador 10 9 8 6 6 6 11 81.7% 0.6% Mexico 835 412 353 360 360 347 324-6.6% -6.5% Peru 245 338 353 359 435 425 414-2.6% 3.8% Trinidad and Tobago 557 531 381 375 371 346 325-6.1% -3.8% United States (**) 5,021 5,784 8,621 9,454 8,717 9,573 9,960 4.0% 5.0% Venezuela 4,152 4,315 5,525 5,528 5,563 5,581 5,617 0.6% 2.2% Data source: Eni s estimates on Enerdata Global Energy & CO2 Data (**) Data source: Eni s estimates on EIA DOE data 40
Natural Gas Reserves Cluster of Companies 2000 2014 World: 158,983 billion cubic metres as at 31 st December World: 201,771 billion cubic metres as at 31 st December 2014 (billion cubic metres as at 31 st December) Majors: BP, Chevron, Eni, ExxonMobil, Repsol, Shell, Total. IOCs: BG, BHP Billiton, ConocoPhillips, OMV, Statoil, Woodside Petroleum. NOCs: ADNOC, Bahrain NOC, Bashneft, CBNOOC, CNPC, CPC Taiwan, Dubai Petroleum, Ecopetrol, EGPC, Gazprom, INOC, Israel NOC, KazMunaiGaz, KNOC, KPC, Lybian NOC, MEDCO Energy, MOGE, Morocco NOC, Mu-badala Abu-Dhabi, NIOC, NNPC, Novatek, Oil India, ONGC, Pakistan Oil Field, Pakistan Petroleum, PDO, PdVSA, Pemex, Pertamina, Petrobras, PetroChina, Petronas, PetroViet-nam, PGNiG, PTTEP, QP, Rosneft, Saudi Aramco, Sinopec, SOCAR Azerbaijan, Sonangol, Sonatrach, Surgutneftegas, Syria Petroleum, Tatneft, Turkmengas, Uzbekneftegas 41
Natural Gas Production Areas and Aggregates (billion cubic metres) y/y (2014-2013) CAGR (2014-2000) Europe 324.23 339.07 323.77 295.99 298.77 291.55 272.37-6.6% -1.2% Russia and Central Asia 676.47 759.48 792.70 831.57 824.98 860.90 831.92-3.4% 1.5% Middle East 199.30 302.65 471.70 501.31 524.00 558.25 565.84 1.4% 7.7% Africa 124.55 185.10 201.52 195.09 203.91 195.77 189.34-3.3% 3.0% Asia - Pacific 288.02 370.28 477.52 477.97 474.45 496.07 509.05 2.6% 4.2% Americas 845.00 860.89 959.13 1,007.21 1,040.93 1,054.02 1,105.93 4.9% 1.9% - North America 710.00 686.62 748.05 791.27 820.94 831.71 880.24 5.8% 1.5% - Latin America 135.00 174.27 211.08 215.94 219.99 222.31 225.69 1.5% 3.7% World 2,457.57 2,817.47 3,226.34 3,309.14 3,367.04 3,456.57 3,474.46 0.5% 2.5% European Union 249.50 227.38 190.56 168.98 158.85 157.14 140.11-10.8% -4.0% MENA 307.85 457.10 632.99 650.46 678.56 707.86 706.05-0.3% 6.1% OECD 1,077.21 1,075.33 1,156.91 1,175.68 1,202.80 1,217.33 1,249.30 2.6% 1.1% NON OECD 1,380.36 1,742.14 2,069.43 2,133.45 2,164.24 2,239.24 2,225.16-0.6% 3.5% OPEC 302.20 411.05 568.55 588.12 627.51 641.58 651.40 1.5% 5.6% NON OPEC 2,155.37 2,406.42 2,657.79 2,721.02 2,739.52 2,814.98 2,823.07 0.3% 1.9% World Natural Gas Production (2014) 3,474.46 billion cubic metres World Natural Gas Reserves Growth (2000-2014) 1,016.89 billion cubic metres Data source: the original data are from IEA Extended Balances OECD/International Energy Agency, 2015 and other sources. Data have been converted by Eni using a unified gross calorific value of 39 MJ/cm 42
Natural Gas Production The World Top 10 Producers (billion cubic metres) y/y (2014-2013) CAGR (2014-2000) United States 533.06 502.78 590.11 633.37 665.95 676.25 718.85 6.3% 2.2% Russia 561.43 615.22 644.22 659.40 644.98 671.80 630.77-6.1% 0.8% Iran 59.46 99.54 145.17 151.74 157.73 159.25 170.08 6.8% 7.8% Qatar 25.98 47.55 127.97 141.73 153.22 173.28 169.81-2.0% 14.3% Canada 176.94 183.84 157.94 157.90 154.99 155.46 161.39 3.8% -0.7% China 27.15 49.23 94.67 102.49 106.95 120.62 129.91 7.7% 11.8% Norway 55.20 89.50 113.55 107.02 120.18 114.02 113.30-0.6% 5.3% Turkmenistan 45.58 61.20 44.00 64.32 67.07 76.20 84.42 10.8% 4.5% Saudi Arabia 36.71 54.82 71.44 72.76 79.00 79.84 81.68 2.3% 5.9% Algeria 83.31 90.18 85.83 83.00 86.50 82.18 80.87-1.6% -0.2% The World Top 10 1,604.81 1,793.85 2,074.91 2,173.75 2,236.59 2,308.90 2,341.09 1.4% 2.7% Rest of the world 852.76 1,023.62 1,151.43 1,135.39 1,130.45 1,147.67 1,133.37-1.2% 2.1% World 2,457.57 2,817.47 3,226.34 3,309.14 3,367.04 3,456.57 3,474.46 0.5% 2.5% The World Top 10 (2014) Share of World Total Algeria Saudi Arabia Turkmenistan 2.3% 2.4% 2.4% 3.3% 3.7% 4.6% Norawy China Canada Qatar Iran Russia United States 4.9% 4.9% 18.2% 20.7% Data source: the original data are from IEA Extended Balances OECD/International Energy Agency, 2015. Data have been converted by Eni using a unified gross calorific value of 39 MJ/cm 43
Natural Gas Production Countries (billion cubic metres) y/y (2014-2013) CAGR (2014-2000) Europe 324.23 339.07 323.77 295.99 298.77 291.55 272.37-6.6% -1.2% Albania 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.03 73.0% 7.6% Austria 1.83 1.67 1.77 1.74 1.87 1.34 1.22-9.1% -2.9% Belarus 0.25 0.23 0.21 0.22 0.22 0.23 0.22-2.6% -1.0% Bulgaria 0.01 0.46 0.07 0.42 0.37 0.27 0.17-35.5% 19.2% Croatia 1.62 2.22 2.64 2.39 1.95 1.80 1.66-7.7% 0.2% Czech Republic 0.20 0.18 0.24 0.23 0.26 0.25 0.24-1.1% 1.3% Denmark 8.84 11.19 8.76 7.04 6.15 5.11 4.92-3.6% -4.1% France 1.79 1.08 0.77 0.60 0.54 0.35 0.02-95.6% -28.9% Germany 18.84 17.10 13.25 12.99 11.41 10.57 9.07-14.2% -5.1% Greece 0.05 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01-6.3% -13.6% Hungary 2.95 2.78 2.67 2.52 2.11 1.84 1.71-7.1% -3.8% Ireland 1.14 0.55 0.28 0.20 0.22 0.18 0.15-20.3% -13.7% Italy 16.25 11.79 8.21 8.25 8.41 7.56 6.98-7.6% -5.9% Netherlands 62.24 67.11 75.65 68.87 68.55 73.67 59.77-18.9% -0.3% Norway 55.20 89.50 113.55 107.02 120.18 114.02 113.30-0.6% 5.3% Poland 3.95 4.63 4.40 4.59 4.66 4.56 4.44-2.5% 0.8% Romania 13.08 11.57 10.28 10.34 10.36 10.26 10.40 1.4% -1.6% Serbia and Montenegro 0.74 0.27 0.37 0.48 0.51 0.50 0.50 0.0% -2.7% Slovakia 0.16 0.15 0.11 0.12 0.15 0.12 0.10-19.7% -3.2% Slovenia 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.0% -5.9% Spain 0.18 0.17 0.05 0.05 0.06 0.06 0.02-58.2% -13.1% Turkey 0.63 0.88 0.67 0.75 0.62 0.53 0.47-11.3% -2.1% Ukraine 17.89 20.80 18.40 18.53 18.38 19.11 17.74-7.2% -0.1% United Kingdom 116.35 94.69 61.38 48.61 41.79 39.20 39.22 0.0% -7.5% Δ y/y (2014-2013) CAGR (2014-2000) Russia and Central Asia 676.47 759.48 792.70 831.57 824.98 860.90 831.92-3.4% 1.5% Russia 561.43 615.22 644.22 659.40 644.98 671.80 630.77-6.1% 0.8% Azerbaijan 5.45 5.54 16.68 16.37 17.71 18.32 20.52 12.0% 9.9% Georgia 0.07 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00-8.2% -17.8% Kazakhstan 9.09 18.88 29.35 30.19 34.06 36.62 37.83 3.3% 10.7% Kyrgyzstan 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.0% 0.2% Tajikistan 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.00 0.00 5.6% -15.0% Turkmenistan 45.58 61.20 44.00 64.32 67.07 76.20 84.42 10.8% 4.5% Uzbekistan 54.79 58.57 58.39 61.24 61.11 57.92 58.33 0.7% 0.4% y/y (2014-2013) CAGR (2014-2000) Middle East 199.30 302.65 471.70 501.31 524.00 558.25 565.84 1.4% 7.7% Bahrain 8.17 9.96 12.61 12.64 12.72 13.88 14.64 5.5% 4.3% Iran 59.46 99.54 145.17 151.74 157.73 159.25 170.08 6.8% 7.8% Iraq 3.07 1.77 5.00 5.97 5.88 7.11 6.98-2.0% 6.0% Israel 0.01 1.57 3.19 4.19 2.45 6.28 7.39 17.7% 61.0% Jordan 0.25 0.21 0.16 0.16 0.14 0.13 0.13-0.1% -4.5% Kuwait 9.35 11.98 11.43 13.18 15.12 15.89 14.63-7.9% 3.2% Oman 10.96 22.80 29.88 31.14 31.24 33.77 31.71-6.1% 7.9% Qatar 25.98 47.55 127.97 141.73 153.22 173.28 169.81-2.0% 14.3% Saudi Arabia 36.71 54.82 71.44 72.76 79.00 79.84 81.68 2.3% 5.9% Syria 5.51 5.90 8.64 7.61 6.23 5.46 5.03-7.9% -0.6% United Arab Emirates 39.83 46.54 49.56 50.52 52.45 52.74 53.75 1.9% 2.2% Yemen 0.00 0.00 6.66 9.66 7.81 10.62 10.01-5.7% Data source: Eni the original data are from IEA Extended Balances OECD/International Energy Agency, 2015 and, for Italy, from Italian Ministry for Economic Development. Data have been converted by Eni using a unified gross calorific value of 39 MJ/cm 44
Natural Gas Production Countries (billion cubic metres) y/y (2014-2013) CAGR (2014-2000) Africa 124.55 185.10 201.52 195.09 203.91 195.77 189.34-3.3% 3.0% Algeria 83.31 90.18 85.83 83.00 86.50 82.18 80.87-1.6% -0.2% Angola 0.56 0.63 0.71 0.73 0.74 0.90 0.82-9.2% 2.8% Cameroon 0.00 0.00 0.31 0.22 0.27 0.46 0.46 0.0% Congo 0.00 0.02 0.10 0.15 0.21 0.22 0.22 0.0% Côte d'ivoire 1.51 1.49 1.58 1.56 1.70 1.91 1.91 0.0% 1.7% Dem. Rep. Congo 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 3.3% Egypt 17.22 50.84 55.35 54.93 52.71 53.82 46.55-13.5% 7.4% Gabon 0.12 0.15 0.32 0.36 0.37 0.41 0.41 0.0% 9.0% Libya 5.73 11.01 16.38 7.66 11.89 10.13 9.32-8.0% 3.5% Morocco 0.05 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.08 0.10 0.10-0.1% 5.7% Mozambique 0.00 2.23 3.20 3.36 3.76 3.82 3.82 0.0% 80.3% Nigeria 12.14 23.59 31.70 37.35 40.14 36.21 39.25 8.4% 8.7% Senegal 0.00 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.9% 35.0% South Africa 1.67 2.13 1.50 1.33 1.14 1.22 1.22 0.0% -2.2% Tanzania 0.00 0.40 0.77 0.85 0.97 0.97 0.97 0.0% Tunisia 2.25 2.38 3.67 3.49 3.38 3.37 3.37 0.0% 2.9% y/y (2014-2013) CAGR (2014-2000) Asia - Pacific 288.02 370.28 477.52 477.97 474.45 496.07 509.05 2.6% 4.2% Australia 34.04 37.40 53.05 56.82 54.43 62.17 63.19 1.7% 4.5% Bangladesh 8.80 12.89 19.83 19.98 20.97 22.62 23.54 4.1% 7.3% Brunei 11.29 11.93 12.25 12.76 12.53 12.17 11.82-2.9% 0.3% China 27.15 49.23 94.67 102.49 106.95 120.62 129.91 7.7% 11.8% India 27.51 30.94 51.24 46.48 39.77 34.63 33.65-2.8% 1.4% Indonesia 72.95 78.21 89.22 84.79 80.30 75.09 74.71-0.5% 0.2% Japan 2.73 3.45 3.83 3.82 3.65 3.26 3.13-4.1% 1.0% Malaysia 50.76 66.04 60.84 62.83 61.38 69.39 69.95 0.8% 2.3% Myanmar 6.17 12.28 12.13 11.99 12.08 12.40 14.70 18.5% 6.4% New Zealand 6.03 3.85 4.60 4.15 4.53 4.80 5.21 8.7% -1.0% Pakistan 19.88 30.59 32.18 32.14 32.36 30.73 30.26-1.5% 3.0% Philippines 0.01 3.22 3.64 3.93 3.77 3.47 3.64 5.0% 51.9% South Korea 0.00 0.53 0.58 0.48 0.47 0.50 0.34-30.5% Taiwan 0.71 0.52 0.28 0.32 0.38 0.33 0.33 0.1% -5.4% Thailand 18.65 22.07 29.49 26.25 31.26 33.86 34.13 0.8% 4.4% Vietnam 1.34 7.14 9.69 8.74 9.64 10.05 10.53 4.8% 15.9% y/y (2014-2013) CAGR (2014-2000) Americas 845.00 860.89 959.13 1,007.21 1,040.93 1,054.02 1,105.93 4.9% 1.9% Argentina 40.93 47.62 42.19 41.63 40.75 38.64 38.60-0.1% -0.4% Bolivia 4.80 12.24 14.72 15.99 18.25 20.78 21.99 5.8% 11.5% Brazil 7.24 11.01 14.90 16.89 19.38 21.41 23.00 7.4% 8.6% Canada 176.94 183.84 157.94 157.90 154.99 155.46 161.39 3.8% -0.7% Chile 1.91 1.92 1.84 1.48 1.23 0.97 0.91-6.0% -5.1% Colombia 6.51 7.30 11.24 10.91 11.16 11.76 11.66-0.9% 4.3% Cuba 0.54 0.72 1.02 0.97 0.98 1.01 1.01 0.0% 4.5% Ecuador 0.00 0.33 0.51 0.45 0.61 0.69 0.74 7.9% Mexico 31.88 36.50 49.99 49.85 48.13 48.29 47.23-2.2% 2.8% Peru 0.59 1.94 9.09 14.02 14.30 14.27 15.10 5.8% 26.1% Trinidad and Tobago 14.54 31.60 42.74 40.72 40.95 41.13 41.98 2.1% 7.9% United States 533.06 502.78 590.11 633.37 665.95 676.25 718.85 6.3% 2.2% Venezuela 26.06 23.10 22.85 23.02 24.24 23.36 23.47 0.5% -0.7% Data source: the original data are from IEA Extended Balances OECD/International Energy Agency, 2015. Data have been converted by Eni using a unified gross calorific value of 39 MJ/cm 45
Natural Gas Production Cluster of Companies 2000 2014 World: 2,457.57 billion cubic metres World: 3,474.46 billion cubic metres 2014 (billion cubic metres as at 31 st December) Majors 10% North America 880.24 IOCs 5% Others 48% Europe 272.37 Majors 31% Others 10% Russia and C. Asia 831.92 Majors 5% IOCs 0% Others 84% NOCs 1% NOCs 2% IOCs 18% Others 10% Middle East 565.84 Majors 11% IOCs 1% NOCs 85% Others 5% Latin America 225.69 Majors 22% Others 1% Africa 189.34 Majors 26% NOCs 79% Others 25% Asia - Pacific 509.05 Majors 17% NOCs 70% IOCs 3% NOCs 69% IOCs 4% NOCs 51% IOCs 8% Majors: ExxonMobil, Shell, BP, Chevron, Total, Eni, Repsol. IOC s: ConocoPhillips, Statoil, BG, BHP Billiton, OMV e Woodside Petroleum. NOCs: NIOC, Saudi Aramco, INOC, ADNOC, QP, KPC, PDO, Bahrain NOC, Dubai Petroleum, Israel NOC, Mubadala Abu-Dhabi, Syria Petroleum, NNPC, Lybian NOC, Sonatrach, EGPC, Sonangol, Morocco NOC, Gazprom, Rosneft, Surgutneftegas, Tatneft, Bashneft, Novatek, SOCAR Azerbaijan, KazMunaiGaz, Turkmengas, Uzbekneftegas, PdVSA, Petrobras, Pemex, Ecopetrol, Petronas, Oil India, Pertamina, MEDCO Energy, MOGE, CPC Taiwan, Pakistan Petroleum, Pakistan Oil Field, KNOC, PetroVietnam, CNPC/PetroChina, Sinopec, CBNOOC, ONGC, PTTEP, PGNiG 46
Natural Gas Reserves/Production Ratio Areas and Aggregates (years) Europe 26 22 20 19 19 18 19 Russia and Central Asia 76 69 77 77 77 75 78 Middle East 300 240 168 159 153 143 142 Africa 100 77 72 75 71 74 76 Asia - Pacific 43 38 34 35 36 34 33 Americas 17 17 19 19 18 19 18 - North America 9 11 14 14 13 14 14 - Latin America 57 42 37 37 37 36 35 World 65 62 61 60 59 58 58 European Union 14 14 14 12 12 11 11 MENA 218 176 138 136 130 125 126 OECD 16 15 17 17 16 17 16 NON OECD 103 92 85 84 83 81 81 OPEC 240 211 166 161 152 148 146 NON OPEC 40 37 38 39 38 38 38 Reserves/Production Ratio (2014) World: 58 years Data source: Eni s calculations. The original data are from Enerdata Global Energy & CO2 Data, IEA Extended Balances OECD/International Energy Agency, 2015 and other sources 47
Natural Gas Reserves/Production Ratio The World Top 10 Producers Ranked by Reserves/Production Ratio (years) Iran 447 277 228 222 214 214 200 Qatar 556 539 197 177 164 142 144 Turkmenistan 59 44 227 155 149 130 117 Saudi Arabia 172 126 112 112 104 104 104 Russia 78 73 71 74 76 73 79 Algeria 54 50 52 54 52 55 56 China 56 45 30 30 30 27 26 Norway 70 35 24 25 22 23 22 United States (**) 9 12 15 15 13 14 14 Canada 10 9 11 11 11 13 13 The World Top 10 (2014) Data source: Eni s calculations. The original data are from Enerdata Global Energy & CO2 Data and IEA Extended Balances OECD/International Energy Agency, 2015 (**) The original data are from EIA DOE and IEA Extended Balances OECD/International Energy Agency, 2015 48
Natural Gas Reserves/Production Ratio Countries (years) Europe 26 22 20 19 19 18 19 Austria 14 13 9 9 8 8 8 Croatia 18 13 9 10 12 12 12 Denmark 16 11 12 14 15 18 18 France 4 6 6 18 19 26 578 Germany 14 10 7 6 6 6 6 Hungary 11 8 5 5 5 5 5 Ireland 30 45 90 123 114 136 171 Italy (**) 12 10 8 8 7 7 8 Netherlands 27 21 17 18 17 13 14 Norway 70 35 24 25 22 23 22 Poland 30 23 16 15 16 15 14 Romania 26 54 58 11 11 11 10 Serbia and Montenegro 34 84 60 44 41 40 40 Turkey 6 9 9 8 11 12 14 Ukraine 58 50 53 52 52 50 53 United Kingdom (***) 6 5 4 5 6 6 6 Russia and Central Asia 76 69 77 77 77 75 78 Russia 78 73 71 74 76 73 79 Azerbaijan 234 230 79 80 74 71 63 Kazakhstan 202 101 66 65 57 53 51 Turkmenistan 59 44 227 155 149 130 117 Uzbekistan 32 30 28 27 27 28 28 Middle East 300 240 168 159 153 143 142 Bahrain 13 9 7 7 7 7 6 Iran 447 277 228 222 214 214 200 Kuwait 166 131 156 135 118 112 122 Oman 78 29 32 31 30 28 42 Qatar 556 539 197 177 164 142 144 Saudi Arabia 172 126 112 112 104 104 104 Syria 44 48 33 37 46 52 57 United Arab Emirates 152 130 123 121 116 115 113 Data source: Eni s calculations. The original data are from Enerdata Global Energy &CO2 Data, IEA Extended Balances OECD/International Energy Agency, 2015 and other sources (**) The original data are from Italian Ministry for Economic Development 49
Natural Gas Reserves/Production Ratio Countries (years) Africa 100 77 72 75 71 74 76 Algeria 54 50 52 54 52 55 56 Angola 484 426 385 375 371 305 376 Côte d'ivoire 20 17 11 10 9 13 12 Egypt 83 38 40 40 41 41 47 Libya 229 135 91 202 130 149 161 Morocco 66 74 56 33 25 10 10 Mozambique 27 23 22 20 20 20 Nigeria 338 218 161 138 128 141 130 South Africa 10 14 8 11 13 7 9 Tanzania 70 48 44 38 38 38 Tunisia 35 16 18 19 19 19 19 Asia - Pacific 43 38 34 35 36 34 33 Australia 65 65 73 67 70 61 59 Bangladesh 35 32 18 24 22 19 18 Brunei 32 28 25 23 22 22 22 China 56 45 30 30 30 27 26 India 28 36 22 27 33 39 42 Indonesia 36 34 33 34 37 38 38 Japan 15 11 10 9 9 10 10 Malaysia 43 36 38 38 42 38 38 Myanmar 46 39 43 42 41 39 32 New Zealand 9 16 11 12 11 11 12 Pakistan 34 28 25 24 24 24 24 Taiwan 107 136 247 219 8 9 9 Thailand 19 14 10 11 8 7 7 Vietnam 127 31 24 26 23 21 20 Americas 17 17 19 19 18 19 18 Argentina 19 9 9 8 8 8 8 Bolivia 141 58 19 18 17 14 14 Brazil 31 28 28 27 24 21 20 Canada 10 9 11 11 11 13 13 Chile 49 22 23 28 33 41 44 Colombia 20 15 14 14 15 13 13 Mexico 26 11 7 7 7 7 7 Trinidad and Tobago 38 17 9 9 9 8 8 United States (**) 9 12 15 15 13 14 14 Venezuela 159 187 242 240 230 239 239 Data source: Eni s calculations. The original data are from Enerdata Global Energy & CO2 Data and IEA Extended Balances OECD/International Energy Agency, 2015 (**) The original data are from EIA DOE and IEA Extended Balances OECD/International Energy Agency, 2015 50
Natural Gas Consumption Areas and Aggregates (billion cubic metres) y/y (2014-2013) CAGR (2014-2000) Europe 591.06 672.57 676.55 616.47 599.05 588.80 524.08-11.0% -0.9% Russia and Central Asia 460.68 510.39 561.74 587.89 578.64 585.85 572.58-2.3% 1.6% Middle East 176.49 255.22 372.98 392.79 407.07 424.29 445.90 5.1% 6.8% Africa 56.28 86.90 103.57 112.14 117.94 117.73 116.69-0.9% 5.3% Asia - Pacific 305.95 408.02 579.37 619.24 643.00 674.52 690.78 2.4% 6.0% Americas 875.03 870.94 967.19 994.99 1,037.28 1,067.87 1,093.83 2.4% 1.6% - North America 741.83 701.17 757.03 778.04 809.12 831.25 850.70 2.3% 1.0% - Latin America 133.20 169.76 210.16 216.94 228.16 236.62 243.12 2.7% 4.4% World 2,465.49 2,804.04 3,261.39 3,323.51 3,382.97 3,459.07 3,443.86-0.4% 2.4% European Union 472.20 530.93 533.40 481.88 469.04 461.39 408.25-11.5% -1.0% MENA 222.05 325.35 457.07 480.93 500.35 518.19 538.41 3.9% 6.5% OECD 1,379.08 1,438.50 1,578.42 1,574.64 1,603.06 1,635.50 1,604.87-1.9% 1.1% NON OECD 1,086.40 1,365.53 1,682.96 1,748.87 1,779.91 1,823.57 1,838.99 0.8% 3.8% OPEC 214.48 290.81 393.74 419.78 443.64 451.41 473.29 4.8% 5.8% NON OPEC 2,251.00 2,513.23 2,867.65 2,903.74 2,939.33 3,007.66 2,970.57-1.2% 2.0% World Natural Gas Consumption (2014) 3,443.86 billion cubic metres World Natural Gas Consumption Growth (2000-2014) 978.37 billion cubic metres Data source: the original data are from IEA Extended Balances OECD/International Energy Agency, 2015 and other sources. Data have been converted by Eni using a unified gross calorific value of 39 MJ/cm 51
Natural Gas Consumption The World Top 10 Consumers (billion cubic metres) y/y (2014-2013) CAGR (2014-2000) United States 653.26 604.94 663.21 678.34 709.52 727.44 746.67 2.6% 1.0% Russia 380.47 417.04 457.44 472.28 461.70 471.29 450.03-4.5% 1.2% China 24.75 46.26 105.66 128.54 143.80 167.22 181.60 8.6% 15.3% Iran 62.77 99.99 145.68 154.10 153.04 155.31 173.64 11.8% 7.5% Japan 78.32 84.18 102.62 119.37 125.63 126.77 128.63 1.5% 3.6% Canada 88.56 96.24 93.82 99.70 99.60 103.81 104.03 0.2% 1.2% Saudi Arabia 36.71 54.82 71.44 72.76 79.00 79.84 81.04 1.5% 5.8% Germany 85.70 92.77 90.53 83.00 83.27 87.19 76.47-12.3% -0.8% Mexico 34.50 45.41 63.54 67.07 69.75 73.37 73.71 0.5% 5.6% United Kingdom 104.24 101.94 101.44 84.10 79.34 78.34 71.25-9.1% -2.7% The World Top 10 1,549.29 1,643.59 1,895.37 1,959.27 2,004.65 2,070.58 2,087.06 0.8% 2.2% Rest of the World 916.19 1,160.45 1,366.02 1,364.24 1,378.32 1,388.49 1,356.80-2.3% 2.8% World 2,465.49 2,804.04 3,261.39 3,323.51 3,382.97 3,459.07 3,443.86-0.4% 2.4% The World top 10 (2014) Data source: the original data are from IEA Extended Balances OECD/International Energy Agency, 2015. Data have been converted by Eni using a unified gross calorific value of 39 MJ/cm 52
Natural Gas Consumption Countries (billion cubic metres) y/y (2014-2013) CAGR (2014-2000) Europe 591.06 672.57 676.55 616.47 599.05 588.80 524.08-11.0% -0.9% Albania 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.03 68.4% 7.4% Austria 7.77 9.73 9.80 9.29 8.84 8.36 7.61-9.0% -0.2% Belarus 17.01 20.21 21.65 20.50 20.20 20.38 20.07-1.5% 1.2% Belgium 15.94 17.57 20.27 18.04 17.13 17.17 15.08-12.2% -0.4% Bosnia Herzegovina 0.24 0.36 0.24 0.27 0.25 0.19 0.16-15.5% -2.6% Bulgaria 3.50 3.34 2.74 3.14 2.92 2.85 2.85 0.1% -1.4% Croatia 2.64 2.83 3.14 3.07 2.88 2.72 2.28-16.2% -1.0% Czech Republic 8.95 9.19 9.62 8.12 8.18 8.28 7.36-11.1% -1.4% Denmark 5.31 5.25 5.27 4.43 4.16 3.95 3.37-14.9% -3.2% Estonia 0.79 0.95 0.67 0.60 0.65 0.66 0.52-21.5% -2.9% Finland 4.08 4.29 4.58 4.01 3.58 3.41 3.00-12.0% -2.2% France 42.66 48.93 50.74 44.18 45.58 46.52 38.50-17.2% -0.7% Germany 85.70 92.77 90.53 83.00 83.27 87.19 76.47-12.3% -0.8% Greece 2.03 2.81 3.86 4.74 4.37 3.86 2.96-23.2% 2.7% Hungary 11.52 14.42 11.71 11.16 9.99 9.06 8.32-8.2% -2.3% Ireland 4.10 4.14 5.58 4.91 4.79 4.61 4.45-3.5% 0.6% Italia 69.11 84.27 81.18 76.12 73.19 68.45 60.48-11.6% -0.9% Latvia 1.30 1.62 1.74 1.54 1.44 1.44 1.29-10.1% -0.1% Lithuania 2.46 2.95 2.97 3.24 3.17 2.58 2.51-3.0% 0.1% Luxembourg 0.80 1.40 1.43 1.23 1.25 1.06 1.01-5.3% 1.6% Macedonia 0.06 0.07 0.11 0.13 0.14 0.15 0.15 0.0% 6.4% Moldova 2.54 2.85 2.76 2.69 2.67 2.07 2.45 18.2% -0.2% Netherlands 41.74 42.13 46.76 40.79 39.11 39.42 33.91-14.0% -1.5% Norway 4.94 4.86 9.25 5.77 5.48 6.84 6.02-12.0% 1.4% Poland 11.88 14.59 15.27 15.31 16.32 16.37 15.98-2.4% 2.1% Portugal 2.43 4.47 5.35 5.32 4.69 4.48 4.14-7.7% 3.9% Romania 16.32 16.61 12.87 13.24 12.85 11.68 11.00-5.8% -2.8% Serbia and Montenegro 1.83 2.32 2.21 2.27 2.00 2.23 2.30 3.2% 1.6% Slovakia 6.89 7.02 5.97 5.53 5.21 5.74 3.98-30.6% -3.8% Slovenia 0.98 1.11 1.03 0.88 0.85 0.83 0.75-9.4% -1.9% Spain 18.15 35.59 37.13 34.51 34.08 31.20 28.23-9.5% 3.2% Sweden 0.93 1.00 1.75 1.38 1.20 1.14 0.95-16.9% 0.2% Switzerland 2.90 3.32 3.59 3.18 3.49 3.68 3.18-13.4% 0.7% Turkey 15.07 27.18 37.44 43.88 44.44 44.79 47.58 6.2% 8.6% Ukraine 74.27 80.46 65.89 55.88 51.32 47.06 33.88-28.0% -5.5% United Kingdom 104.24 101.94 101.44 84.10 79.34 78.34 71.25-9.1% -2.7% y/y (2014-2013) CAGR (2013-2000) Russia and Central Asia 460.68 510.39 561.74 587.89 578.64 585.85 572.58-2.3% 1.6% Russia 380.47 417.04 457.44 472.28 461.70 471.29 450.03-4.5% 1.2% Armenia 1.34 1.60 1.54 1.89 2.30 2.22 2.34 5.4% 4.1% Azerbaijan 5.76 9.66 9.36 9.91 10.79 10.79 11.73 8.7% 5.2% Georgia 1.14 1.27 1.21 1.80 1.97 1.66 1.65 0.0% 2.7% Kazakhstan 7.84 14.86 26.62 29.13 26.63 30.31 30.31 0.0% 10.1% Kyrgyzstan 0.68 0.74 0.29 0.33 0.43 0.33 0.33 0.0% -5.2% Tajikistan 0.75 0.64 0.19 0.19 0.14 0.30 0.30 0.1% -6.3% Turkmenistan 13.00 17.00 20.68 22.77 23.49 24.13 29.23 21.1% 6.0% Uzbekistan 49.70 47.60 44.40 49.58 51.20 44.81 46.66 4.1% -0.5% Data source: the original data are from IEA Extended Balances OECD/International Energy Agency, 2015. Data have been converted by Eni using a unified gross calorific value of 39 MJ/cm (**) The original data are from Italian Ministry for Economic Development 53
Natural Gas Consumption Countries (billion cubic metres) y/y (2014-2013) CAGR (2014-2000) Middle East 176.49 255.22 372.98 392.79 407.07 424.29 445.90 5.1% 6.8% Bahrain 8.17 10.04 12.61 12.64 12.72 13.88 14.64 5.5% 4.3% Iran 62.77 99.99 145.68 154.10 153.04 155.31 173.64 11.8% 7.5% Iraq 3.07 1.77 5.00 5.97 5.88 7.11 6.98-2.0% 6.0% Israel 0.01 1.57 5.25 4.87 2.51 6.85 7.45 8.8% 61.1% Jordan 0.25 1.65 2.73 1.04 0.79 1.08 1.09 0.9% 11.0% Kuwait 9.35 11.98 14.14 16.56 17.70 18.01 19.49 8.2% 5.4% Lebanon 0.00 0.00 0.25 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Oman 6.59 10.30 19.32 21.52 21.70 23.68 22.85-3.5% 9.3% Qatar 11.30 16.43 27.35 33.91 42.75 46.80 45.45-2.9% 10.5% Saudi Arabia 36.71 54.82 71.44 72.76 79.00 79.84 81.04 1.5% 5.8% Syria 5.51 5.90 9.31 7.85 6.23 5.46 5.03-7.9% -0.6% United Arab Emirates 32.77 40.77 58.89 60.89 63.96 65.20 67.79 4.0% 5.3% Yemen 0.00 0.00 1.01 0.68 0.79 1.07 0.46-56.6% y/y (2014-2013) CAGR (2014-2000) Africa 56.28 86.90 103.57 112.14 117.94 117.73 116.69-0.9% 5.3% Algeria 20.08 24.48 27.81 29.56 33.41 34.11 35.41 3.8% 4.1% Angola 0.56 0.63 0.71 0.73 0.74 0.40 0.40 0.0% -2.4% Cameroon 0.00 0.00 0.31 0.22 0.27 0.46 0.46 0.0% Congo 0.00 0.02 0.10 0.15 0.21 0.22 0.22 0.0% Côte d'ivoire 1.51 1.49 1.58 1.56 1.70 1.91 1.91 0.0% 1.7% Dem. Rep. Congo 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 3.3% Egypt 17.22 35.76 42.71 46.55 46.67 47.65 44.49-6.6% 7.0% Gabon 0.12 0.15 0.32 0.36 0.37 0.41 0.41 0.0% 9.0% Ghana 0.00 0.00 0.42 0.83 0.42 0.31 0.31-0.1% Libya 4.95 5.75 6.83 5.30 5.58 4.58 3.89-15.1% -1.7% Morocco 0.05 0.45 0.68 0.86 1.27 1.23 1.28 3.7% 26.9% Mozambique 0.00 0.02 0.08 0.09 0.09 0.17 0.02-87.9% 23.9% Nigeria 6.87 10.75 10.53 14.59 15.05 14.07 14.21 1.0% 5.3% Senegal 0.00 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.04 14.7% 35.0% South Africa 1.67 3.29 4.62 4.59 4.81 4.88 5.22 6.9% 8.5% Tanzania 0.00 0.40 0.77 0.85 0.97 0.97 0.97 0.0% Tunisia 3.26 3.69 6.06 5.87 6.34 6.32 7.45 17.8% 6.1% y/y (2014-2013) CAGR (2014-2000) Asia - Pacific 305.95 408.02 579.37 619.24 643.00 674.52 690.78 2.4% 6.0% Australia 22.99 22.63 33.92 35.68 33.53 35.45 37.88 6.8% 3.6% Bangladesh 8.41 12.51 20.53 20.65 21.74 22.61 23.53 4.1% 7.6% Brunei 2.21 2.19 3.19 3.80 3.71 2.93 3.57 21.8% 3.5% China 24.75 46.26 105.66 128.54 143.80 167.22 181.60 8.6% 15.3% Hong Kong 2.92 2.61 3.74 2.97 2.74 2.58 2.50-3.3% -1.1% India 27.51 37.94 64.88 65.61 58.37 53.06 51.84-2.3% 4.6% Indonesia 31.68 34.91 46.30 42.53 41.75 39.03 39.50 1.2% 1.6% Japan 78.32 84.18 102.62 119.37 125.63 126.77 128.63 1.5% 3.6% Malaysia 29.49 38.01 37.21 37.76 38.66 45.49 45.99 1.1% 3.2% Myanmar 1.43 2.73 1.53 1.69 1.86 2.19 0.20-90.7% -13.0% New Zealand 6.03 3.85 4.45 4.07 4.58 4.75 5.22 10.1% -1.0% Pakistan 19.88 30.59 32.17 32.14 32.37 30.73 30.27-1.5% 3.0% Philippines 0.01 3.22 3.64 3.93 3.77 3.47 3.65 5.3% 52.0% Singapore 1.33 6.64 8.60 8.69 9.42 10.60 10.89 2.8% 16.2% South Korea 20.29 32.65 46.08 49.60 53.64 56.79 51.52-9.3% 6.9% Taiwan 6.63 10.57 15.85 16.73 15.80 15.66 17.08 9.1% 7.0% Thailand 20.71 30.93 39.32 36.74 41.98 45.14 46.36 2.7% 5.9% Vietnam 1.34 5.60 9.69 8.74 9.64 10.05 10.53 4.8% 15.9% Data source: the original data are from IEA Extended Balances OECD/International Energy Agency, 2015. Data have been converted by Eni using a unified gross calorific value of 39 MJ/cm 54
Natural Gas Consumption Countries (billion cubic metres) y/y (2014-2013) CAGR (2014-2000) Americas 875.03 870.94 967.19 994.99 1,037.28 1,067.87 1,093.83 2.4% 1.6% Argentina 36.30 42.72 45.30 48.25 49.71 50.01 49.81-0.4% 2.3% Bolivia 2.79 2.35 3.05 3.22 3.66 3.69 4.34 17.4% 3.2% Brazil 9.44 19.95 27.46 27.30 32.48 38.26 42.32 10.6% 11.3% Canada 88.56 96.24 93.82 99.70 99.60 103.81 104.03 0.2% 1.2% Chile 6.21 8.11 5.33 5.45 5.11 4.84 4.65-3.8% -2.0% Colombia 6.51 7.30 9.82 9.03 9.44 10.03 10.96 9.3% 3.8% Cuba 0.54 0.72 1.02 0.97 0.98 1.01 0.99-1.9% 4.4% Dominican Republic 0.00 0.20 0.77 0.87 1.13 1.02 0.98-3.3% Ecuador 0.00 0.33 0.51 0.45 0.61 0.69 0.73 5.4% Mexico 34.50 45.41 63.54 67.07 69.75 73.37 73.71 0.5% 5.6% Peru 0.59 1.94 6.56 7.70 8.14 6.96 8.59 23.4% 21.1% Trinidad and Tobago 10.22 17.53 21.89 21.60 21.15 21.40 21.72 1.5% 5.5% United States 653.26 604.94 663.21 678.34 709.52 727.44 746.67 2.6% 1.0% Uruguay 0.04 0.11 0.08 0.09 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.6% 3.5% Venezuela 26.06 23.10 24.85 24.95 25.92 25.28 24.27-4.0% -0.5% Data source: the original data are from IEA Extended Balances OECD/International Energy Agency, 2015. Data have been converted by Eni using a unified gross calorific value of 39 MJ/cm 55
Natural Gas Per Capita Consumption Areas and Aggregates (cubic metres) Europe 922 1,030 1,015 922 894 876 777 Russia and Central Asia 2,116 2,344 2,532 2,640 2,590 2,614 2,548 Middle East 1,062 1,365 1,756 1,809 1,836 1,877 1,936 Africa 77 105 111 119 122 119 115 Asia - Pacific 90 113 153 162 166 173 175 Americas 1,051 985 1,036 1,056 1,090 1,111 1,127 - North America 2,367 2,133 2,200 2,245 2,317 2,363 2,399 - Latin America 256 306 357 364 379 388 395 World 403 431 472 476 479 484 477 European Union 981 1,080 1,065 959 931 914 807 MENA 722 961 1,216 1,255 1,282 1,304 1,331 OECD 1,196 1,203 1,274 1,263 1,278 1,297 1,265 NON OECD 219 257 297 305 307 310 309 OPEC 658 795 955 995 1,028 1,022 1,048 NON OPEC 389 409 441 443 443 449 439 Per Capita Consumption (2014) World: 477 cubic metres Data source: Eni s calculations. The original data are from IEA Extended Balances OECD/International Energy Agency, 2015, IHS Global Insight and other sources 56
Natural Gas Per Capita Consumption The World Top 10 Consumers Ranked by Per Capita Consumption (cubic metres) Russia 2,592 2,897 3,185 3,293 3,225 3,300 3,159 Canada 2,890 2,988 2,763 2,907 2,870 2,958 2,931 Saudi Arabia 1,822 2,220 2,621 2,621 2,793 2,770 2,759 United States 2,310 2,041 2,139 2,172 2,256 2,297 2,340 Iran 952 1,425 1,956 2,043 2,003 2,005 2,213 United Kingdom 1,770 1,687 1,616 1,329 1,245 1,222 1,104 Japan 623 663 806 938 987 997 1,013 Germany 1,043 1,125 1,107 1,015 1,017 1,062 928 Mexico 332 410 539 562 577 600 595 China 20 35 79 95 106 123 133 The World Top 10 (2014) Data source: Eni s calculations. The original data are from IEA Extended Balances OECD/International Energy Agency, 2015 and IHS Global Insight 57
Natural Gas Per Capita Consumption Countries (cubic metres) Europe 922 1,030 1,015 922 894 876 777 Albania 4 4 5 5 6 6 10 Austria 970 1,183 1,171 1,107 1,049 986 890 Belarus 1,704 2,091 2,281 2,169 2,148 2,179 2,157 Belgium 1,553 1,672 1,853 1,639 1,549 1,546 1,353 Bosnia Herzegovina 63 94 62 71 65 51 43 Bulgaria 437 435 371 428 402 394 398 Croatia 589 644 724 709 668 634 534 Czech Republic 871 898 915 774 778 788 700 Denmark 994 968 950 795 742 704 597 Estonia 578 720 517 464 504 514 405 Finland 788 818 853 744 663 628 551 France 723 800 807 699 717 729 600 Germany 1,043 1,125 1,107 1,015 1,017 1,062 928 Greece 185 254 347 426 393 347 266 Hungary 1,127 1,428 1,169 1,117 1,006 915 843 Ireland 1,077 995 1,250 1,085 1,046 997 952 Italy (**) 1,219 1,444 1,348 1,260 1,208 1,128 995 Latvia 549 727 834 741 701 701 633 Lithuania 704 899 969 1,065 1,045 856 833 Luxembourg 1,832 3,012 2,812 2,370 2,359 1,946 1,801 Macedonia 32 37 54 63 65 73 73 Moldova 696 792 774 756 751 583 689 Netherlands 2,631 2,584 2,815 2,448 2,340 2,353 2,020 Norway 1,101 1,050 1,891 1,167 1,098 1,357 1,183 Poland 310 382 400 401 427 428 418 Portugal 235 426 506 502 442 422 390 Romania 729 751 589 607 591 538 508 Serbia and Montenegro 221 288 279 288 256 286 296 Slovakia 1,275 1,302 1,099 1,023 962 1,060 735 Slovenia 495 554 501 427 410 398 360 Spain 448 807 790 731 721 663 598 Sweden 104 111 186 146 126 119 98 Switzerland 404 446 459 402 436 454 389 Turkey 239 401 519 601 601 598 627 Ukraine 1,514 1,707 1,431 1,220 1,127 1,040 754 United Kingdom 1,770 1,687 1,616 1,329 1,245 1,222 1,104 Russia and Central Asia 2,116 2,344 2,532 2,640 2,590 2,614 2,548 Russia 2,592 2,897 3,185 3,293 3,225 3,300 3,159 Armenia 434 521 498 610 740 713 750 Azerbaijan 709 1,128 1,030 1,077 1,159 1,147 1,233 Georgia 240 283 276 411 451 381 383 Kazakhstan 538 987 1,672 1,809 1,637 1,844 1,825 Kyrgyzstan 138 146 55 61 78 59 58 Tajikistan 121 94 25 25 18 37 36 Turkmenistan 2,889 3,580 4,102 4,459 4,540 4,605 5,507 Uzbekistan 2,002 1,828 1,599 1,761 1,794 1,549 1,591 Data source: Eni s calculations. The original data are from IEA Extended Balances OECD/International Energy Agency, 2015 and IHS Global Insight (**) The original data are from Italian Ministry for Economic Development and IHS Global Insight 58
Natural Gas Per Capita Consumption Countries (cubic metres) Middle East 1,062 1,365 1,756 1,809 1,836 1,877 1,936 Bahrain 12,219 11,414 10,072 9,779 9,656 10,418 10,894 Iran 952 1,425 1,956 2,043 2,003 2,005 2,213 Iraq 129 65 161 188 179 211 201 Israel 2 237 708 646 328 885 952 Jordan 53 315 423 155 112 149 145 Kuwait 4,906 5,218 4,726 5,298 5,444 5,348 5,603 Lebanon 0 0 58 0 0 0 Oman 3,007 4,086 6,892 7,115 6,548 6,518 5,819 Qatar 19,025 20,003 15,633 17,748 20,847 21,582 20,039 Saudi Arabia 1,822 2,220 2,621 2,621 2,793 2,770 2,759 Syria 337 325 432 360 285 249 229 United Arab Emirates 10,827 9,826 6,976 6,822 6,948 6,976 7,177 Yemen 0 0 45 29 33 44 19 Africa 77 105 111 119 122 119 115 Algeria 633 721 750 783 868 870 887 Angola 40 38 37 36 36 19 18 Cameroon 0 0 15 10 12 21 20 Côte d'ivoire 94 86 83 80 86 94 92 Egypt 260 498 547 586 578 581 534 Gabon 99 106 206 226 227 243 237 Libya 956 1,028 1,131 868 907 738 622 Morocco 2 15 21 27 39 37 38 Mozambique 0 1 3 4 4 6 1 Nigeria 56 77 66 89 89 81 80 Senegal 0 2 2 1 2 3 3 South Africa 37 68 90 88 92 92 98 Tanzania 0 10 17 18 20 19 19 Tunisia 341 367 570 546 583 575 670 Data source: Eni s calculations. The original data are from IEA Extended Balances OECD/International Energy Agency, 2015 and IHS Global Insight 59
Natural Gas Per Capita Consumption Countries (cubic metres) Asia - Pacific 90 113 153 162 166 173 175 Australia 1,194 1,103 1,514 1,569 1,455 1,519 1,603 Bangladesh 64 87 136 135 141 144 148 Brunei 6,652 5,961 7,971 9,345 8,993 7,016 8,439 China 20 35 79 95 106 123 133 Hong Kong 428 378 530 419 383 358 344 India 26 34 54 54 47 42 41 Indonesia 152 156 192 174 169 156 156 Japan 623 663 806 938 987 997 1,013 Malaysia 1,259 1,471 1,316 1,313 1,322 1,531 1,524 Myanmar 28 49 26 28 30 35 3 New Zealand 1,564 931 1,018 922 1,027 1,053 1,148 Pakistan 138 194 186 182 181 169 164 Philippines 0 38 39 41 39 35 37 Singapore 341 1,478 1,694 1,674 1,777 1,958 1,974 South Korea 441 694 951 1,018 1,095 1,153 1,041 Taiwan 300 467 688 725 682 674 734 Thailand 332 472 592 552 629 674 690 Vietnam 17 66 109 97 106 110 114 Americas 1,051 985 1,036 1,056 1,090 1,111 1,127 Argentina 984 1,105 1,122 1,185 1,210 1,207 1,192 Bolivia 329 251 300 312 349 346 400 Brazil 54 107 141 139 164 191 209 Canada 2,890 2,988 2,763 2,907 2,870 2,958 2,931 Chile 402 496 311 315 293 274 262 Colombia 164 170 212 192 199 208 225 Cuba 49 64 90 86 87 90 88 Dominican Republic 0 21 77 86 110 98 93 Ecuador 0 24 34 29 39 44 45 Mexico 332 410 539 562 577 600 595 Peru 23 70 224 260 271 229 279 Trinidad and Tobago 8,056 13,520 16,484 16,205 15,812 15,959 16,162 United States 2,310 2,041 2,139 2,172 2,256 2,297 2,340 Uruguay 11 32 23 25 18 17 17 Venezuela 1,068 864 856 846 865 831 787 Data source: Eni s calculations. The original data are from IEA Extended Balances OECD/International Energy Agency, 2015 and IHS Global Insight 60
Natural Gas Production/Consumption Ratio Areas and Aggregates Europe 0.55 0.50 0.48 0.48 0.50 0.50 0.52 Russia and Central Asia 1.47 1.49 1.41 1.41 1.43 1.47 1.45 Middle East 1.13 1.19 1.26 1.28 1.29 1.32 1.27 Africa 2.21 2.13 1.95 1.74 1.73 1.66 1.62 Asia - Pacific 0.94 0.91 0.82 0.77 0.74 0.74 0.74 Americas 0.97 0.99 0.99 1.01 1.00 0.99 1.01 - North America 0.96 0.98 0.99 1.02 1.01 1.00 1.03 - Latin America 1.01 1.03 1.00 1.00 0.96 0.94 0.93 World 1.00 1.00 0.99 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.01 European Union 0.53 0.43 0.36 0.35 0.34 0.34 0.34 MENA 1.39 1.40 1.38 1.35 1.36 1.37 1.31 OECD 0.78 0.75 0.73 0.75 0.75 0.74 0.78 NON OECD 1.27 1.28 1.23 1.22 1.22 1.23 1.21 OPEC 1.41 1.41 1.44 1.40 1.41 1.42 1.38 NON OPEC 0.96 0.96 0.93 0.94 0.93 0.94 0.95 Production/Consumption Ratio (2014) Data source: Eni's calculations. The original data are from IEA Extended Balances OECD/International Energy Agency, 2015 and other sources 61
Natural Gas Production/Consumption Ratio The World Top 10 Producers Ranked by Production/Consumption Ratio Norway 11.17 18.43 12.28 18.55 21.92 16.67 18.82 Qatar 2.30 2.89 4.68 4.18 3.58 3.70 3.74 Turkmenistan 3.51 3.60 2.13 2.82 2.86 3.16 2.89 Algeria 4.15 3.68 3.09 2.81 2.59 2.41 2.28 Canada 2.00 1.91 1.68 1.58 1.56 1.50 1.55 Russia 1.48 1.48 1.41 1.40 1.40 1.43 1.40 Saudi Arabia 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.01 Iran 0.95 1.00 1.00 0.98 1.03 1.03 0.98 United States 0.82 0.83 0.89 0.93 0.94 0.93 0.96 China 1.10 1.06 0.90 0.80 0.74 0.72 0.72 The World Top 10 (2014) Data source: Eni's calculations. The original data are from IEA Extended Balances OECD/International Energy Agency, 2015 62
Natural Gas Production/Consumption Ratio Countries Europe 0.55 0.50 0.48 0.48 0.50 0.50 0.52 Albania 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.03 Austria 0.24 0.17 0.18 0.19 0.21 0.16 0.16 Belarus 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 Bulgaria 0.00 0.14 0.03 0.13 0.13 0.09 0.06 Croatia 0.61 0.79 0.84 0.78 0.68 0.66 0.73 Czech Republic 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 Denmark 1.67 2.13 1.66 1.59 1.48 1.29 1.46 France 0.04 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 Germany 0.22 0.18 0.15 0.16 0.14 0.12 0.12 Greece 0.02 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Hungary 0.26 0.19 0.23 0.23 0.21 0.20 0.21 Ireland 0.28 0.13 0.05 0.04 0.05 0.04 0.03 Italy (**) 0.24 0.14 0.10 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.12 Netherlands 1.49 1.59 1.62 1.69 1.75 1.87 1.76 Norway 11.17 18.43 12.28 18.55 21.92 16.67 18.82 Poland 0.33 0.32 0.29 0.30 0.29 0.28 0.28 Romania 0.80 0.70 0.80 0.78 0.81 0.88 0.95 Serbia and Montenegro 0.41 0.12 0.17 0.21 0.25 0.23 0.22 Slovakia 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.02 0.03 Slovenia 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Spain 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Turkey 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 Ukraine 0.24 0.26 0.28 0.33 0.36 0.41 0.52 United Kingdom 1.12 0.93 0.61 0.58 0.53 0.50 0.55 Russia and Central Asia 1.47 1.49 1.41 1.41 1.43 1.47 1.45 Russia 1.48 1.48 1.41 1.40 1.40 1.43 1.40 Azerbaijan 0.95 0.57 1.78 1.65 1.64 1.70 1.75 Georgia 0.06 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Kazakhstan 1.16 1.27 1.10 1.04 1.28 1.21 1.25 Kyrgyzstan 0.05 0.03 0.08 0.08 0.07 0.10 0.10 Tajikistan 0.05 0.04 0.12 0.09 0.08 0.01 0.01 Turkmenistan 3.51 3.60 2.13 2.82 2.86 3.16 2.89 Uzbekistan 1.10 1.23 1.32 1.24 1.19 1.29 1.25 Data source: Eni's calculations. The original data are from IEA Extended Balances OECD/International Energy Agency, 2015 (**) The original data are from Italian Ministry for Economic Development 63
Natural Gas Production/Consumption Ratio Countries Middle East 1.13 1.19 1.26 1.28 1.29 1.32 1.27 Bahrain 1.00 0.99 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 Iran 0.95 1.00 1.00 0.98 1.03 1.03 0.98 Iraq 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 Israel 1.00 1.00 0.61 0.86 0.98 0.92 0.99 Jordan 1.00 0.13 0.06 0.15 0.18 0.12 0.12 Kuwait 1.00 1.00 0.81 0.80 0.85 0.88 0.75 Oman 1.66 2.21 1.55 1.45 1.44 1.43 1.39 Qatar 2.30 2.89 4.68 4.18 3.58 3.70 3.74 Saudi Arabia 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.01 Syria 1.00 1.00 0.93 0.97 1.00 1.00 1.00 United Arab Emirates 1.22 1.14 0.84 0.83 0.82 0.81 0.79 Yemen 6.57 14.24 9.87 9.93 21.60 Africa 2.21 2.13 1.95 1.74 1.73 1.66 1.62 Algeria 4.15 3.68 3.09 2.81 2.59 2.41 2.28 Angola 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 2.27 2.06 Côte d'ivoire 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 Egypt 1.00 1.42 1.30 1.18 1.13 1.13 1.05 Gabon 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 Libya 1.16 1.91 2.40 1.44 2.13 2.21 2.40 Morocco 1.00 0.09 0.08 0.07 0.06 0.08 0.08 Nigeria 1.77 2.19 3.01 2.56 2.67 2.57 2.76 Senegal 1.00 1.00 1.02 2.11 1.50 1.14 1.00 South Africa 1.00 0.65 0.33 0.29 0.24 0.25 0.23 Tanzania 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 Tunisia 0.69 0.64 0.61 0.59 0.53 0.53 0.45 Asia - Pacific 0.94 0.91 0.82 0.77 0.74 0.74 0.74 Australia 1.48 1.65 1.56 1.59 1.62 1.75 1.67 Bangladesh 1.05 1.03 0.97 0.97 0.96 1.00 1.00 Brunei 5.12 5.44 3.84 3.36 3.38 4.15 3.31 China 1.10 1.06 0.90 0.80 0.74 0.72 0.72 India 1.00 0.82 0.79 0.71 0.68 0.65 0.65 Indonesia 2.30 2.24 1.93 1.99 1.92 1.92 1.89 Japan 0.03 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.02 Malaysia 1.72 1.74 1.64 1.66 1.59 1.53 1.52 Myanmar 4.32 4.50 7.92 7.11 6.48 5.66 72.42 New Zealand 1.00 1.00 1.03 1.02 0.99 1.01 1.00 Pakistan 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 Philippines 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 South Korea 0.00 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 Taiwan 0.11 0.05 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 Thailand 0.90 0.71 0.75 0.71 0.74 0.75 0.74 Vietnam 1.00 1.28 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 Data source: Eni's calculations. The original data are from IEA Extended Balances OECD/International Energy Agency, 2015 64
Natural Gas Production/Consumption Ratio Countries Americas 0.97 0.99 0.99 1.01 1.00 0.99 1.01 Argentina 1.13 1.11 0.93 0.86 0.82 0.77 0.77 Bolivia 1.72 5.21 4.83 4.97 4.98 5.63 5.07 Brazil 0.77 0.55 0.54 0.62 0.60 0.56 0.54 Canada 2.00 1.91 1.68 1.58 1.56 1.50 1.55 Chile 0.31 0.24 0.35 0.27 0.24 0.20 0.20 Colombia 1.00 1.00 1.15 1.21 1.18 1.17 1.06 Cuba 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.02 Ecuador 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.02 Mexico 0.92 0.80 0.79 0.74 0.69 0.66 0.64 Peru 1.00 1.00 1.39 1.82 1.76 2.05 1.76 Trinidad and Tobago 1.42 1.80 1.95 1.89 1.94 1.92 1.93 United States 0.82 0.83 0.89 0.93 0.94 0.93 0.96 Venezuela 1.00 1.00 0.92 0.92 0.93 0.92 0.97 Data source: Eni's calculations. The original data are from IEA Extended Balances OECD/International Energy Agency, 2015 65
Natural Gas Exports The World Top 10 Exporters (billion cubic metres) y/y (2014-2013) CAGR (2014-2000) Russia 186.76 199.68 183.88 197.17 189.42 207.66 184.15-11.3% -0.1% Qatar 14.69 31.12 100.62 107.82 110.48 126.47 126.22-0.2% 16.6% Norway 50.26 84.64 104.35 101.22 114.72 107.17 107.28 0.1% 5.6% Canada 98.61 104.24 94.40 91.67 87.69 82.12 77.66-5.4% -1.7% Turkmenistan 32.57 44.20 23.32 41.54 43.59 52.06 55.19 6.0% 3.8% Netherlands 35.38 44.58 50.88 47.74 51.63 57.50 50.62-12.0% 2.6% Algeria 63.23 65.70 58.02 53.44 53.09 48.07 45.48-5.4% -2.3% United States 6.65 19.91 31.19 41.29 44.24 42.93 41.34-3.7% 13.9% Indonesia 41.27 43.30 42.92 42.26 38.55 36.06 35.08-2.7% -1.2% Malaysia 21.27 29.63 32.00 33.40 32.10 34.09 33.75-1.0% 3.4% The World Top 10 550.67 667.00 721.57 757.54 765.50 794.13 756.77-4.7% 2.3% Rest of the world 93.70 197.86 259.26 254.80 257.70 273.95 270.38-1.3% 7.9% World 644.38 864.86 980.83 1,012.34 1,023.20 1,068.08 1,027.15-3.8% 3.4% The World Top 10 (2014) Data source: the original data are from IEA Extended Balances OECD/International Energy Agency, 2015. Data have been converted by Eni using a unified gross calorific value of 39 MJ/cm 66
Natural Gas Exports Countries (billion cubic metres) y/y (2014-2013) CAGR (2014-2000) Europe Austria 0.02 1.05 4.99 3.65 6.24 3.86 2.33-39.7% 41.6% Belgium 0.00 0.00 3.28 4.32 1.29 0.94 0.84-11.1% Croatia 0.00 0.44 0.47 0.25 0.25 0.36 0.41 12.2% Czech Republic 0.00 0.08 0.16 0.16 0.01 0.01 0.00-83.9% 2.0% Denmark 3.44 5.98 3.77 3.33 3.19 2.35 2.23-5.1% -3.0% France 0.81 1.08 3.05 4.02 6.49 5.38 3.79-29.5% 11.6% Germany 5.03 20.23 20.46 17.60 17.01 21.95 19.22-12.5% 10.0% Hungary 0.08 0.00 0.22 0.56 0.82 1.44 0.74-49.0% 17.5% Italy 0.05 0.39 0.14 0.12 0.14 0.22 0.23 3.9% 11.8% Netherlands 35.38 44.58 50.88 47.74 51.63 57.50 50.62-12.0% 2.6% Norway 50.26 84.64 104.35 101.22 114.72 107.17 107.28 0.1% 5.6% Poland 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.00 0.09 0.07-19.6% 4.5% Slovakia 0.00 0.37 0.00 0.00 0.05 0.01 0.00-79.9% Spain 0.00 0.00 1.20 1.76 2.90 6.05 8.53 40.9% Turkey 0.00 0.00 0.64 0.70 0.60 0.67 0.62-7.2% Ukraine 2.87 2.66 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00-100.0% United Kingdom 13.51 8.88 16.28 16.95 13.29 10.12 10.70 5.7% -1.6% y/y (2014-2013) CAGR (2014-2000) Russia and Central Asia Russia 186.76 199.68 183.88 197.17 189.42 207.66 184.15-11.3% -0.1% Armenia 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.07 0.07 0.00-100.0% Azerbaijan 0.00 0.00 6.20 6.83 6.63 7.32 8.83 20.7% Kazakhstan 5.22 15.43 6.23 6.08 10.73 10.21 10.52 3.0% 5.1% Turkmenistan 32.57 44.20 23.32 41.54 43.59 52.06 55.19 6.0% 3.8% Uzbekistan 6.66 12.05 13.99 11.66 9.91 13.11 13.11 0.0% 5.0% y/y (2014-2013) CAGR (2014-2000) Middle East Iran 0.00 4.78 8.57 9.56 9.39 9.71 9.50-2.1% Oman 4.37 12.50 12.58 11.69 11.61 12.17 10.95-10.0% 6.8% Qatar 14.69 31.12 100.62 107.82 110.48 126.47 126.22-0.2% 16.6% United Arab Emirates 7.07 7.14 7.63 7.31 7.17 6.96 7.79 12.0% 0.7% Yemen 0.00 0.00 5.64 8.98 7.02 9.55 9.55 0.0% y/y (2014-2013) CAGR (2014-2000) Africa Algeria 63.23 65.70 58.02 53.44 53.09 48.07 45.48-5.4% -2.3% Angola 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.50 0.47-6.6% Egypt 0.00 15.08 12.64 8.38 6.04 6.17 0.90-85.4% Libya 0.78 5.26 9.55 2.36 6.30 5.55 5.00-10.0% 14.2% Mozambique 0.00 2.21 3.12 3.26 3.67 3.66 3.80 4.0% Nigeria 5.27 12.83 21.18 22.76 25.09 22.13 24.46 10.5% 11.6% Data source: the original data are from IEA Extended Balances OECD/International Energy Agency, 2015 and, for Italy, from Italian Ministry for Economic Development. Data have been converted by Eni using a unified gross calorific value of 39 MJ/cm 67
Natural Gas Exports Countries (billion cubic metres) y/y (2014-2013) CAGR (2014-2000) Asia - Pacific Australia 11.05 14.77 24.92 27.83 26.85 33.39 32.43-2.9% 8.0% Brunei 9.10 9.73 9.05 8.99 8.81 9.21 8.25-10.4% -0.7% China 2.39 2.96 4.02 3.18 2.88 2.94 2.94 0.0% 1.5% Indonesia 41.27 43.30 42.92 42.26 38.55 36.06 35.08-2.7% -1.2% Malaysia 21.27 29.63 32.00 33.40 32.10 34.09 33.75-1.0% 3.4% Myanmar 4.75 9.56 10.60 10.30 10.22 10.21 14.50 42.0% 8.3% Vietnam 0.00 1.55 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 y/y (2014-2013) CAGR (2014-2000) Americas Argentina 4.63 6.63 0.46 0.20 0.10 0.08 0.08-0.1% -25.1% Bolivia 2.00 9.89 11.68 12.57 14.58 17.09 17.86 4.5% 16.9% Canada 98.61 104.24 94.40 91.67 87.69 82.12 77.66-5.4% -1.7% Colombia 0.00 0.00 1.43 1.88 1.72 1.73 1.73 0.0% Mexico 0.25 0.25 0.88 0.25 0.08 0.11 0.15 38.7% -3.4% Peru 0.00 0.00 2.54 6.33 6.16 7.31 7.31 0.0% Trinidad and Tobago 4.32 14.07 20.84 19.12 19.81 19.73 18.61-5.7% 11.0% United States 6.65 19.91 31.19 41.29 44.24 42.93 41.34-3.7% 13.9% Data source: the original data are from IEA Extended Balances OECD/International Energy Agency, 2015. Data have been converted by Eni using a unified gross calorific value of 39 MJ/cm 68
Natural Gas Imports The World Top 10 Importers (billion cubic metres) y/y (2014-2013) CAGR (2014-2000) Japan 75.74 80.86 98.77 116.56 121.74 123.73 125.58 1.5% 3.7% Germany 72.85 94.10 93.98 89.61 88.36 97.73 86.81-11.2% 1.3% United States 104.69 120.31 103.66 96.15 86.72 79.59 74.40-6.5% -2.4% Italy 56.12 71.76 73.62 68.75 66.16 60.54 54.47-10.0% -0.2% China 0.00 0.00 15.02 29.23 39.74 49.53 53.20 7.4% South Korea 20.36 31.14 46.86 49.97 51.11 56.85 52.50-7.7% 7.0% Turkey 14.37 26.40 37.35 43.09 45.10 44.46 48.01 8.0% 9.0% France 43.48 49.64 50.22 49.67 50.53 50.71 43.72-13.8% 0.0% United Kingdom 2.40 16.00 54.69 54.31 50.72 49.39 42.81-13.3% 22.8% Spain 18.45 36.08 38.11 36.83 36.38 36.83 37.76 2.5% 5.2% The World Top 10 408.47 526.29 612.29 634.17 636.56 649.35 619.24-4.6% 3.0% Rest of the world 229.39 319.79 371.00 403.36 389.78 392.03 384.78-1.8% 3.8% World 637.86 846.07 983.29 1,037.52 1,026.34 1,041.38 1,004.02-3.6% 3.3% The World Top 10 (2014) Data source: the original data are from IEA Extended Balances OECD/International Energy Agency, 2015 and, for Italy, from Italian Ministry for Economic Development. Data have been converted by Eni using a unified gross calorific value of 39 MJ/cm 69
Natural Gas Imports Countries (billion cubic metres) y/y (2014-2013) CAGR (2014-2000) Europe Austria 6.28 9.58 12.28 13.23 13.87 10.17 9.97-2.0% 3.4% Belarus 16.95 19.92 21.36 19.80 20.05 20.06 19.85-1.0% 1.1% Belgium 15.84 17.67 23.31 22.46 18.18 18.20 16.09-11.6% 0.1% Bosnia Herzegovina 0.24 0.36 0.24 0.27 0.25 0.19 0.16-15.5% -2.6% Bulgaria 3.27 2.93 2.54 2.70 2.44 2.65 2.65-0.1% -1.5% Croatia 1.08 1.10 1.04 0.85 1.31 1.23 1.07-12.9% 0.0% Czech Republic 8.92 9.07 8.32 9.11 7.28 8.31 7.10-14.6% -1.6% Denmark 0.00 0.00 0.16 0.90 0.98 1.44 0.67-53.5% Estonia 0.79 0.95 0.67 0.60 0.65 0.66 0.52-21.5% -2.9% Finland 4.08 4.29 4.58 4.01 3.58 3.41 3.00-12.0% -2.2% France 43.48 49.64 50.22 49.67 50.53 50.71 43.72-13.8% 0.0% Germany 72.85 94.10 93.98 89.61 88.36 97.73 86.81-11.2% 1.3% Greece 2.01 2.78 3.85 4.74 4.38 3.86 2.94-23.7% 2.7% Hungary 8.76 11.70 9.44 7.87 8.04 8.07 8.87 9.9% 0.1% Ireland 2.95 3.59 5.34 4.72 4.58 4.42 4.28-3.2% 2.7% Italy 56.12 71.76 73.62 68.75 66.16 60.54 54.47-10.0% -0.2% Latvia 1.33 1.71 1.08 1.68 1.64 1.66 0.93-44.2% -2.5% Lithuania 2.46 2.97 2.96 3.25 3.17 2.58 2.60 0.7% 0.4% Luxembourg 0.80 1.40 1.43 1.23 1.25 1.06 1.01-5.3% 1.6% Macedonia 0.06 0.07 0.11 0.13 0.14 0.15 0.15 0.0% 6.5% Moldova 2.53 2.85 2.76 2.69 2.67 2.07 2.45 18.3% -0.2% Netherlands 14.88 19.61 22.01 19.67 22.30 23.07 24.86 7.7% 3.7% Poland 7.92 10.22 10.63 11.53 11.98 12.24 11.58-5.4% 2.7% Portugal 2.43 4.64 5.37 5.41 4.68 4.55 4.14-8.9% 3.9% Romania 3.23 5.00 2.17 2.94 2.74 1.39 0.37-73.2% -14.3% Serbia and Montenegro 1.08 2.05 1.87 1.66 1.70 1.79 1.79 0.1% 3.7% Slovakia 6.81 7.21 5.97 5.80 4.72 5.50 4.20-23.6% -3.4% Slovenia 0.98 1.10 1.02 0.88 0.84 0.82 0.74-9.4% -1.9% Spain 18.45 36.08 38.11 36.83 36.38 36.83 37.76 2.5% 5.2% Sweden 0.93 1.00 1.75 1.38 1.20 1.14 0.95-16.9% 0.2% Switzerland 2.90 3.32 3.59 3.18 3.49 3.68 3.18-13.4% 0.7% Turkey 14.37 26.40 37.35 43.09 45.10 44.46 48.01 8.0% 9.0% Ukraine 59.24 60.22 35.25 43.16 31.72 26.95 18.86-30.0% -7.8% United Kingdom 2.40 16.00 54.69 54.31 50.72 49.39 42.81-13.3% 22.8% y/y (2014-2013) CAGR (2014-2000) Russia and Central Asia Russia 12.55 7.40 4.17 7.82 7.88 8.03 8.42 4.8% -2.8% Armenia 1.34 1.60 1.63 1.89 2.30 2.22 2.35 5.5% 4.1% Azerbaijan 0.28 4.53 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00-100.0% Georgia 1.07 1.25 1.20 1.80 1.96 1.65 1.65 0.0% 3.1% Kazakhstan 4.22 11.23 3.51 4.52 4.35 5.16 5.31 3.0% 1.7% Kyrgyzstan 0.65 0.71 0.27 0.31 0.40 0.29 0.29 0.0% -5.6% Tajikistan 0.71 0.61 0.17 0.18 0.13 0.30 0.30 0.0% -6.0% Uzbekistan 1.57 1.07 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00-100.0% y/y (2014-2013) CAGR (2014-2000) Middle East Iran 3.32 5.22 9.08 11.92 4.71 5.77 9.35 62.0% 7.7% Israel 0.00 0.00 2.07 0.68 0.06 0.57 0.06-89.7% Jordan 0.00 1.44 2.57 0.88 0.64 0.95 0.96 1.0% Kuwait 0.00 0.00 2.71 3.37 2.58 2.12 3.37 58.5% Oman 0.00 0.00 2.02 2.07 2.07 2.07 2.09 1.0% United Arab Emirates 0.00 1.36 16.96 17.68 18.68 19.41 19.62 1.1% Data source: the original data are from IEA Extended Balances OECD/International Energy Agency, 2015 and, for Italy, from Italian Ministry for Economic Development. Data have been converted by Eni using a unified gross calorific value of 39 MJ/cm 70
Natural Gas Imports Countries (billion cubic metres) y/y (2014-2013) CAGR (2014-2000) Africa Ghana 0.00 0.00 0.42 0.83 0.42 0.31 0.31-0.1% Morocco 0.00 0.41 0.63 0.80 1.19 1.14 1.14 0.0% South Africa 0.00 1.16 3.12 3.26 3.67 3.66 3.74 2.2% Tunisia 1.01 1.31 2.39 2.38 2.96 2.95 3.91 32.6% 10.1% y/y (2014-2013) CAGR (2014-2000) Asia - Pacific Australia 0.00 0.00 5.79 6.69 5.96 6.68 7.11 6.5% China 0.00 0.00 15.02 29.23 39.74 49.53 53.20 7.4% Hong Kong 2.92 2.61 3.74 2.97 2.74 2.58 2.48-3.9% -1.2% India 0.00 7.00 13.64 19.13 18.60 18.42 19.42 5.4% Japan 75.74 80.86 98.77 116.56 121.74 123.73 125.58 1.5% 3.7% Malaysia 0.00 1.60 8.36 8.32 9.38 10.20 10.15-0.4% Singapore 1.33 6.64 8.60 8.69 9.42 10.60 11.01 3.9% 16.3% South Korea 20.36 31.14 46.86 49.97 51.11 56.85 52.50-7.7% 7.0% Taiwan 6.17 9.96 15.44 16.99 16.13 16.23 17.59 8.4% 7.8% Thailand 2.06 8.86 9.82 10.49 10.72 11.29 12.45 10.3% 13.7% y/y (2014-2013) CAGR (2014-2000) Americas Argentina 0.00 1.73 3.58 6.82 9.07 11.45 11.32-1.2% Brazil 2.20 8.94 12.57 10.41 13.10 16.85 19.19 13.9% 16.7% Canada 1.58 9.34 22.34 30.97 31.10 26.59 21.80-18.0% 20.6% Chile 4.38 6.29 3.59 3.97 3.93 3.89 3.72-4.4% -1.2% Dominican Republic 0.00 0.23 0.77 0.86 1.09 1.04 1.04 0.0% Mexico 2.87 9.16 14.83 17.74 22.20 25.52 26.90 5.4% 17.3% United States 104.69 120.31 103.66 96.15 86.72 79.59 74.40-6.5% -2.4% Uruguay 0.04 0.11 0.08 0.09 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.4% 3.4% Venezuela 0.00 0.00 2.00 1.93 1.69 1.93 1.94 1.0% Data source: the original data are from IEA Extended Balances OECD/International Energy Agency, 2015. Data have been converted by Eni using a unified gross calorific value of 39 MJ/cm 71
Natural Gas Natural Gas - Imports Imports by Country of Origin - Pipeline and LNG 2014 (billion cubic metres) EUROPE Importers --> Exporters Austria Belarus Belgium Bosnia Herzegovina Bulgaria Croatia Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Ireland Italy Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg Macedonia Moldova Netherlands Poland Portugal Romania Serbia Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey Ukraine United Kingdom Europe Austria 0.28 Belgium 2.47 0.01 0.12 0.37 Croatia 0.31 Czech Republic 0.41 Denmark 0.61 0.89 France 1.44 0.45 Germany 0.37 0.16 0.32 1.28 2.36 2.07 Hungary 0.08 0.06 0.02 0.58 Italy 0.24 Netherlands 7.84 4.81 25.16 3.90 0.13 0.64 6.56 Norway 1.42 5.64 0.70 0.47 17.05 10.27 0.08 2.80 0.07 0.63 16.83 0.09 0.06 4.18 0.18 24.51 Poland 0.08 Portugal 0.01 Spain 0.01 0.06 0.25 Turkey 0.63 United Kingdom 1.70 4.25 3.66 Russia and Central Asia Russia 6.43 20.05 0.17 2.70 6.55 0.53 3.08 5.37 36.55 1.71 8.49 26.15 0.95 2.61 0.25 0.16 2.82 6.41 8.95 0.33 1.87 4.24 0.44 26.31 14.45 Azerbaijan 6.07 Kazakhstan Turkmenistan Uzbekistan Others FSU Middle East Iran 8.93 Oman 0.16 Qatar 1.30 0.82 4.45 0.53 3.12 0.40 10.46 United Arab Emirates Yemen Africa Algeria 4.23 0.45 6.84 0.07 2.40 21.08 4.18 0.53 Angola Egypt Equatorial Guinea Libya 6.51 Nigeria 0.93 0.11 0.27 2.82 1.41 0.05 Asia-Pacific Australia Brunei China Indonesia Malaysia Myanmar Papua New Guinea Americas Argentina Bolivia Canada Mexico Peru 1.24 Trinidad and Tobago 0.06 0.14 0.17 2.08 0.36 United States Others/Non Specified 2.32 0.43 5.16 14.86 0.45 4.74 0.11 0.63 1.16 4.15 TOTAL BY COUNTRY 10.17 20.05 16.85 0.17 2.70 0.75 7.25 0.63 0.53 3.08 41.18 86.84 2.93 8.94 4.25 55.76 0.95 2.68 0.98 0.16 2.82 29.10 11.82 4.07 0.39 1.89 4.24 0.72 36.39 0.89 3.16 48.89 19.25 42.83 TOTAL IMPORTS Data source: IEA Natural Gas Information, 2015 and, for Italy, Italian Ministry for Economic Development 72
Natural Gas Natural Gas - Imports RUSSIA AND CENTRAL ASIA MIDDLE EAST AFRICA ASIA-PACIFIC AMERICAS Russia Armenia Georgia Kazakhstan Kyrgyzstan Tajikistan Iran Israel Jordan Kuwait Oman United Arab Emirates Ghana Morocco South Africa Tunisia Australia China Hong Kong India Japan Malaysia Singapore Korea Taiwan Thailand Argentina Brazil Canada Chile Dominican Republic Mexico United States Uruguay Venezuela Others Americas 0.08 0.41 0.08 0.16 0.26 0.10 0.20 1.00 0.05 0.08 0.16 0.96 0.88 0.08 2.01 0.19 1.85 0.01 0.19 12.27 2.51 0.09 0.09 1.72 8.59 0.23 0.31 1.25 8.74 28.07 2.21 0.06 0.53 0.42 0.08 0.17 0.01 4.33 4.96 0.16 0.09 1.22 1.97 19.57 8.10 15.27 23.77 0.09 17.12 7.60 1.25 0.92 0.60 0.08 0.07 1.33 0.10 8.21 0.08 0.25 0.09 1.20 0.50 1.38 0.40 4.00 0.22 0.09 0.23 1.12 3.79 0.41 0.16 0.81 0.50 0.49 0.08 0.17 0.09 0.09 0.10 1.20 0.16 0.10 0.08 0.09 0.85 0.08 0.95 1.60 0.09 0.08 0.41 0.08 0.48 0.16 0.32 0.59 1.62 7.36 0.32 4.30 0.12 0.15 0.85 1.81 2.60 0.12 0.09 5.28 26.42 0.08 1.09 0.15 0.08 0.09 6.39 0.32 0.94 0.78 2.55 3.28 7.47 8.22 7.73 6.76 2.70 0.33 0.19 0.09 3.48 22.07 1.46 4.97 3.60 0.08 11.51 0.37 4.90 1.10 0.06 5.47 11.80 74.61 0.04 4.16 0.06 0.90 0.20 0.06 0.17 0.37 0.17 0.07 0.08 2.85 1.70 0.56 3.42 1.00 0.41 1.21 0.67 0.37 21.34 0.08 18.32 0.33 0.14 3.84 6.94 0.55 0.40 0.08 0.15 0.07 1.05 1.50 0.08 1.87 8.59 2.43 1.91 5.31 0.29 0.31 9.27 0.06 1.20 3.46 1.97 20.14 0.32 1.12 3.84 3.79 6.94 53.30 2.55 18.29 128.34 10.09 11.30 49.09 16.67 13.34 11.34 18.99 21.89 3.72 1.07 27.39 76.33 0.06 1.87 0.78 1,010.61 73
Natural Gas Natural Gas - Imports Imports by Country of Origin - Pipeline 2014 (billion cubic metres) Data Source: IEA Natural Gas Information, 2015 and, for Italy, Italian Ministry for Economic Development 74
Natural Gas Natural Gas - Imports 75
Natural Gas Natural Gas - Imports Imports by Country of Origin - LNG 2014 (billion cubic metres) EUROPE MIDDLE EAST ASIA-PACIFIC AMERICAS Importers --> Exporters Belgium France Greece Italy Lithuania Netherlands Poland Portugal Slovenia Spain Turkey United Kingdom Israel Kuwait United Arab Emirates China India Japan Malaysia Singapore South Korea Taiwan Thailand Argentina Brazil Canada Chile Dominican Republic Mexico United States Others Americas Europe Belgium 0.01 0.12 0.08 0.41 France 0.08 Netherlands 0.13 Norway 0.08 0.07 0.94 0.06 1.25 0.18 0.16 0.26 0.10 0.20 1.00 0.05 0.08 0.16 Spain 0.06 0.25 0.96 0.88 0.08 Russia and Central Asia Russia 0.01 0.19 12.27 2.51 0.09 0.09 Middle East Oman 0.16 0.08 0.17 0.01 4.33 4.96 0.16 0.09 Qatar 1.30 0.82 4.45 0.53 3.12 0.40 10.46 1.22 1.21 8.10 15.27 23.77 0.09 17.12 7.60 1.25 0.92 0.60 0.08 0.07 1.33 United Arab Emirates 0.10 8.21 0.08 Yemen 0.25 0.09 1.20 0.50 1.38 0.40 4.00 0.22 0.09 0.23 Africa Algeria 0.00 4.23 0.45 0.44 0.07 0.08 5.10 4.18 0.53 0.41 0.16 0.81 0.50 0.49 0.08 Angola 0.17 0.09 0.09 0.10 Egypt 0.16 0.10 0.08 0.09 Equatorial Guinea 0.85 0.08 0.95 1.60 0.09 0.08 0.41 0.08 Nigeria 0.93 0.11 0.27 2.82 1.41 0.05 0.48 0.16 0.59 1.62 7.36 0.32 4.30 0.12 0.15 0.85 1.81 2.60 0.12 Asia-Pacific Australia 0.09 5.28 26.42 0.08 1.09 0.15 Brunei 0.08 0.09 6.39 0.32 0.94 0.78 Indonesia 3.28 7.47 0.09 6.76 2.70 0.33 Malaysia 0.19 0.09 3.48 22.07 4.97 3.60 0.08 Papua New Guinea 0.37 4.90 1.10 Americas Canada 0.01 Peru 1.24 4.16 Trinidad and Tobago 0.06 0.14 0.17 2.08 0.36 0.06 0.90 0.20 0.06 0.17 0.37 0.17 0.07 0.08 2.85 1.70 0.56 3.42 1.00 0.41 1.21 0.67 United States 0.37 0.08 Others/Non Specified 0.06 1.16 0.33 0.14 0.55 0.40 0.08 0.15 0.07 1.05 1.50 0.08 TOTAL BY COUNTRY 1.30 5.97 0.59 4.94 0.07 1.25 0.02 1.18 0.00 16.02 7.58 11.40 0.06 3.46 1.78 25.23 18.29 128.34 1.87 2.21 49.09 16.67 1.83 5.87 7.20 0.56 3.72 1.07 9.07 1.69 0.78 TOTAL IMPORTS 329.08 Data source: IEA Natural Gas Information, 2015 and, for Italy, Italian Ministry for Economic Development 76
Natural Gas Traded Gas Traded Gas by LNG/ Traded Gas by Pipeline/ Traded Traded Gas Traded Gas Total Traded Gas Total Traded Gas Gas/Production by LNG/Production by Pipeline/Production (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) 2000 21.73 78.27 26.23 5.70 20.53 2005 22.67 77.33 30.22 6.85 23.37 2010 30.37 69.63 30.63 9.30 21.32 2011 31.94 68.06 31.47 10.05 21.42 2012 31.05 68.95 30.58 9.49 21.08 2013 30.74 69.26 30.21 9.29 20.92 2014 32.56 67.44 29.09 9.47 19.62 Traded Gas on Production (percentage) 77
Natural Gas LNG Liquefaction and Regasification Capacity Liquefaction Capacity Countries (billion cubic metres) 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Europe 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.6 Norway 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.6 Russia and Central Asia 8.7 13.0 14.1 14.1 14.1 14.1 Russia East 8.7 13.0 14.1 14.1 14.1 14.1 Middle East 33.7 36.0 36.0 36.3 42.8 47.5 57.3 63.7 63.7 79.0 113.8 134.9 136.3 136.1 136.3 Oman 7.1 9.0 9.0 9.0 9.0 10.2 14.8 14.8 14.8 14.8 14.8 14.8 14.8 14.6 14.8 Qatar 19.1 19.4 19.4 19.7 26.3 29.8 34.9 41.3 41.3 55.9 83.4 103.4 104.8 104.8 104.8 United Arab Emirates 7.6 7.6 7.6 7.6 7.6 7.6 7.6 7.6 7.6 7.6 7.6 7.6 7.6 7.6 7.6 Yemen 0.7 8.0 9.1 9.1 9.1 9.1 Africa 42.0 42.4 42.8 46.9 43.9 55.0 71.5 76.9 81.2 82.0 81.7 78.6 78.3 76.1 81.5 Algeria 31.8 31.8 31.8 31.8 28.1 28.1 28.1 28.1 28.1 28.1 27.9 26.6 26.6 27.4 29.6 Angola 3.9 7.1 Egypt 11.1 16.6 16.6 16.6 16.6 16.6 16.6 16.6 9.8 9.8 Equatorial Guinea 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 Libya 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 0.4 Nigeria 8.1 8.4 8.8 13.0 13.6 13.6 24.6 25.0 29.4 30.1 30.1 30.1 30.1 30.1 30.1 Asia - Pacific 83.1 83.1 83.1 86.5 91.4 88.7 93.0 94.7 96.8 105.4 113.3 113.0 117.3 115.7 117.2 Australia 10.4 10.4 10.4 10.4 12.4 16.1 20.5 20.9 23.0 27.3 27.3 28.5 32.9 35.0 35.0 Brunei 9.8 9.8 9.8 9.8 9.8 9.8 9.8 9.8 9.8 9.8 10.1 10.1 10.1 10.1 10.1 Indonesia 41.3 41.3 41.3 41.3 38.5 32.0 32.0 32.0 32.0 35.4 42.3 39.5 39.5 35.8 31.6 Malaysia 21.6 21.6 21.6 25.1 30.8 30.8 30.8 32.0 32.0 32.8 33.7 34.9 34.9 34.9 34.9 Papua New Guinea 5.7 Americas 6.1 6.1 8.1 14.3 15.5 15.6 22.7 22.7 22.7 22.7 26.0 28.7 28.7 28.7 28.7 United States 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 Peru 3.3 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 Trinidad and Tobago 4.1 4.1 6.0 12.3 13.4 13.6 20.6 20.6 20.6 20.6 20.6 20.6 20.7 20.6 20.6 World 164.9 167.6 169.9 184.1 193.7 206.8 244.5 263.5 269.9 303.2 353.4 374.9 380.4 376.3 383.4 Regasification Capacity Countries (**) (billion cubic metres) 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Europe 46.4 46.4 50.5 54.8 70.3 73.2 84.8 106.6 114.9 144.1 168.9 191.0 197.4 199.7 203.5 Belgium 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 7.9 9.0 9.0 9.0 9.0 9.0 9.0 France 15.5 15.5 15.5 15.5 15.5 15.5 15.5 15.5 15.5 15.5 19.1 24.2 24.2 24.2 24.2 Greece 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 3.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 Italy 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 6.3 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.2 15.7 Lithuania 0.3 Netherlands 7.0 12.7 12.7 12.7 Portugal 0.9 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.6 6.3 8.3 8.3 Spain 15.2 15.2 19.4 22.7 33.6 34.2 43.1 55.6 58.2 61.6 62.4 63.6 63.6 63.6 63.6 Turkey 6.3 6.3 6.3 6.3 6.3 6.3 6.8 12.3 12.3 12.3 12.3 12.3 12.3 12.3 12.3 United Kingdom 2.3 4.5 8.3 8.7 28.5 43.2 52.0 52.0 52.0 52.0 Middle East 1.9 5.5 9.3 9.3 11.8 13.3 Israel 2.5 2.7 Kuwait 1.9 5.2 5.2 5.2 5.2 6.4 United Arab Emirates 0.3 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.1 Asia - Pacific 276.9 279.8 306.7 330.9 338.9 344.3 353.8 356.4 367.8 386.4 400.7 415.4 435.5 466.4 498.3 China 3.0 5.0 8.0 12.5 17.6 23.1 31.5 38.1 50.9 India 6.3 9.4 10.2 10.2 10.9 17.9 18.4 18.4 19.0 29.6 34.1 Indonesia 2.7 4.1 5.4 Japan 225.4 226.3 236.9 239.4 241.2 241.3 245.2 245.7 245.7 245.7 249.4 250.4 256.1 259.3 260.8 Malaysia 3.5 5.2 Singapore 3.6 7.9 South Korea 45.6 45.6 60.1 81.7 81.7 82.8 84.0 84.0 88.8 92.2 96.3 100.4 100.4 100.4 106.3 Taiwan 5.9 7.9 9.8 9.8 9.8 10.7 11.6 11.6 14.5 18.1 19.1 19.1 19.1 21.0 21.0 Thailand 4.0 6.8 6.8 6.8 Americas 11.1 12.7 17.6 25.5 29.3 33.7 47.4 56.7 105.9 150.9 187.9 209.7 229.9 231.5 238.3 Argentina 2.8 4.1 4.1 7.3 10.3 10.3 10.3 Brazil 1.3 5.1 7.7 7.7 7.7 7.7 14.5 Canada 6.1 10.3 10.3 10.3 10.3 10.3 Chile 1.7 5.1 5.4 5.4 5.4 5.4 Dominican Republic 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.6 Mexico 1.7 5.2 12.9 15.5 15.5 15.5 19.5 20.7 20.7 United States (***) 11.1 12.7 17.6 22.9 26.8 31.1 43.1 48.9 86.3 115.8 142.6 160.9 174.1 174.5 174.5 World 334.4 338.8 374.8 411.2 438.5 451.1 486.1 519.7 588.6 683.4 763.0 825.3 872.1 909.4 953.4 Nominal Capacity. Data source: Wood Mackenzie LNG Tool (**) Data source: Wood Mackenzie LNG Tool (***) The United States includes Puerto Rico 78
Natural Gas LNG Liquefaction and Regasification Capacity Liquefaction Capacity Cluster of Companies 2000 2014 World: 164.9 billion cubic metres World: 383.4 billion cubic metres Majors: BP, Chevron, Eni, ExxonMobil, Repsol, Shell, Total. African NOCs: EGAS (Egyptian Natural Gas Holding Co.), EGPC (Egyptian General Petroleum Corportation), GEPetrol/Sonagas, National Lybian Oil Company (NOC), NNPC, Sonangol, Sonatrach. Asian NOCs: CNOOC, Gazprom, MRDC (Mineral Resources Dev. Co), Pertamina, Petronas. Asian Utilities: Hyunday, Itochu, JILCO, Kansai Electric, KOGAS, LNG Japan Corporation, Marubeni, Mitsubishi, Mitsui, Osaka Gas, SK Corp., Tokyo Gas & Tokyo Electric. Eurepean Utilieties: BG, Gas Natural Fenosa, GdF Suez, RWE. Middle East NOCs: ADNOC, Qatar Petroleum, Yemen Gas Co. 2014 79
Natural Gas LNG Liquefaction and Regasification Capacity Regasification Capacity Cluster of Companies 2000 2014 World: 334.4 billion cubic metres World: 953.4 billion cubic metres Majors: BP, Chevron, Eni, ExxonMobil, Repsol, Shell, Total. Asian NOCs: BPCL (Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited), CNOOC, CPC, Gazprom, IOC (Indian Oil Corporation), ONGC, Pertami, PetroChina, Petronas, PTT, Sinopec. Asian Utilities: Chubu Electric Power, Chugoku Electric Power, Egegaz, GAIL, Hiroshima Gas, Hokkaido Gas, HongKong & China Gas, HongKong Electric, Kansai Electric Power, KOGAS, K-Power, Kyshu Electric Power, Marahashtra Utility, Mitsui, Nippon Gas, NTPC, Oita Gas, Okinawa Electric Power, Osaka Gas, Perusahaan Gas Negara, Saibu Gas, Shenergy, Shikoku Electric Power, Shizouka Gas, Singapore LNG Corp, Toho Gas, Tokyo Electric Power, Tokyo Gas. European Utilities: BG, Botas, Centrica, CPSA, Depa, DONG Energy, E.On, EconGas, EdF, Enagas, Enel, Essent, EVE, Gas Natural Fenosa, Gasunie, GdF Suez, Iderbrola, Iren, RWE, Union Fenosa Gas. Middle East, African and South American NOCs: CFE, Enap, Enarsa, Kuwait National Petroleum Corp., Oman Oil, Petrobras, Qatar Petroleum, Sonangol, Sonatrach. US Utilities: AES, Chenierem Dominion, Dow Chemical, El Paso, Excelerate Energy, Freeport LNG Development LP, Sempra Energy, Southern Union 2014 80
Natural Gas Natural Gas Balance - Italy Italy (billion cubic metres) 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Production 16.63 15.24 14.62 13.89 12.96 12.07 10.98 9.71 9.26 8.01 8.41 8.45 8.61 7.74 7.15 Imports 57.45 54.78 59.29 62.79 67.91 73.46 77.40 73.95 76.87 69.25 75.35 70.37 67.73 61.97 55.76 Exports 0.05 0.06 0.05 0.38 0.40 0.40 0.37 0.07 0.21 0.13 0.14 0.12 0.14 0.23 0.24 Stock Changes 3.29-0.98 3.40-1.38-0.14-1.13 3.53-1.31 1.03-0.89 0.52 0.78 1.28-0.60 0.76 Total Primary Energy Supply 70.75 70.94 70.46 77.68 80.61 86.27 84.48 84.90 84.88 78.02 83.10 77.92 74.92 70.07 61.91 2014 Netherlands, Norway and others 11.4 Russia 26.2 Croatia 0.3 Algeria and others 0.5 Qatar 4.4 imports by pipeline imports by lng Algeria 6.4 Libya 6.5 Data source: Eni s calculations on Italian Ministry for Economic Development data. Gas volumes are quoted at Italian calorific value of 38.1 MJ/cm 81
production quality World Europe Russia and Central Asia Middle East Africa Asia - Pacific Americas Distillation Yields European imported crudes with the most significant quality change World Oil and Gas Review 2015
Production Quality World Crude Production by Quality (Gravity and Sulphur Content) (thousand barrels/day) 2000 2005 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Share of total 2000 2014 World (A) 68,377 74,442 74,718 75,542 77,355 77,416 78,776 Ultra Light 1,789 2,228 2,694 2,930 3,186 3,326 3,393 2.6% 4.3% Light & Sweet 15,084 14,091 13,901 13,213 14,507 14,205 14,362 22.1% 18.2% Light & Medium Sour 2,718 3,015 3,660 3,527 3,883 3,990 4,044 4.0% 5.1% Light & Sour 2,489 2,455 2,201 2,427 2,548 2,495 2,023 3.6% 2.6% Medium & Sweet 7,318 8,514 8,429 8,495 7,939 8,278 8,559 10.7% 10.9% Medium & Medium Sour 2,373 2,704 2,965 3,016 2,930 3,032 3,303 3.5% 4.2% Medium & Sour 27,711 30,667 29,817 30,949 31,531 31,113 31,927 40.5% 40.5% Heavy & Sweet 1,113 1,407 2,180 1,957 1,813 1,629 1,798 1.6% 2.3% Heavy & Medium Sour 1,385 1,813 2,294 2,324 2,307 2,195 2,069 2.0% 2.6% Heavy & Sour 5,432 6,515 5,709 5,849 5,881 6,340 6,477 7.9% 8.2% Unassigned production: (B) 965 1,032 868 855 831 814 821 1.4% 1.0% % Unassigned production (B/A) 1.4 1.4 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.0 Crude Production by Gravity (thousand barrels/day) Share of total 2000 2014 World 68,377 74,442 74,718 75,542 77,355 77,416 78,776 Light 22,080 21,789 22,457 22,097 24,124 24,016 23,822 32.3% 30.2% Medium 37,402 41,886 41,211 42,460 42,400 42,423 43,789 54.7% 55.6% Heavy 7,930 9,735 10,182 10,131 10,000 10,164 10,344 11.6% 13.1% Unassigned production 965 1,032 868 855 831 814 821 Crude Production Sulphur Content (thousand barrels/day) Share of total 2000 2014 World 68,377 74,442 74,718 75,542 77,355 77,416 78,776 Sweet 25,304 26,241 27,205 26,596 27,445 27,438 28,112 37.0% 35.7% Medium Sour 6,476 7,532 8,919 8,867 9,120 9,217 9,415 9.5% 12.0% Sour 35,632 39,637 37,726 39,225 39,959 39,947 40,427 52.1% 51.3% Unassigned production 965 1,032 868 855 831 814 821 Data source: Eni s elaborations on Monthly Oil Data Service OECD/International Energy Agency, 2015 data 84
Production Quality World Quality and Production Volume of Main Crudes 2014 (thousand barrels/day) Data source: Eni s elaborations 85
Production Quality World Crude Production by Quality (thousand barrels/day) 80,000 70,000 60,000 50,000 40,000 30,000 20,000 10,000 0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Heavy & Sour Heavy & Medium Sour Heavy & Sweet Medium & Sour Medium & Medium Sour Medium & Sweet Light & Sour Light & Medium Sour Light & Sweet Ultra Light Crude Production by Quality (selected years, thousand barrels/day) Data source: Eni s elaborations on Monthly Oil Data Service OECD/International Energy Agency, 2015 data 86
Production Quality Europe Crude Production by Quality (thousand barrels/day) 2000 2005 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Share of total 2000 2014 Europe (A) 6,753 5,585 4,127 3,790 3,498 3,323 3,349 Ultra Light 124 271 267 281 305 305 327 1.8% 9.8% Light & Sweet 4,057 3,225 1,736 1,576 1,436 1,359 1,415 60.1% 42.3% Light & Medium Sour 33 110 658 535 435 443 431 0.5% 12.9% Light & Sour 20 88 69 75 82 83 83 0.3% 2.5% Medium & Sweet 1,547 943 607 623 506 481 453 22.9% 13.5% Medium & Medium Sour 14 4 4 2 Medium & Sour 172 1 29 15 10 10 13 2.5% 0.4% Heavy & Sweet 17 31 75 45 62 19 28 0.3% 0.8% Heavy & Medium Sour 177 350 220 187 221 186 159 2.6% 4.7% Heavy & Sour 101 80 58 48 45 40 43 1.5% 1.3% Unassigned production (B) 506 471 405 400 393 397 396 7.5% 11.8% % Unassigned production (B/A) 7.5 8.4 9.8 10.6 11.2 11.9 11.8 Quality and Production Volume of Main Crudes 2014 (**) (thousand barrels/day) Data source: Eni s elaborations on Monthly Oil Data Service OECD/International Energy Agency, 2015 data (**) Data source: Eni s elaborations 87
Production Quality Europe Crude Production by Quality (thousand barrels/day) 7,000 6,000 5,000 4,000 3,000 2,000 1,000 0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Heavy & Sour Heavy & Medium Sour Heavy & Sweet Medium & Sour Medium & Sweet Light & Sour Light & Medium Sour Light & Sweet Ultra Light Crude Production by Quality (selected years, thousand barrels/day) Data source: Eni s elaborations on Monthly Oil Data Service OECD/International Energy Agency, 2015 data 88
Production Quality Crude Production by Quality (thousand barrels/day) 2000 2005 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Europe Share of total 2000 2014 Denmark 363 388 255 221 201 175 165 Light & Sweet 131 121 24 13 12 7 8 36.1% 4.8% Medium & Sweet 232 267 231 208 189 168 157 63.9% 95.2% Italy 74 114 96 99 101 102 106 Light & Sweet 29 4 6 5 3 2 1 39.7% 0.9% Light & Sour 20 88 69 75 82 83 83 26.5% 78.3% Medium & Sour 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 2.1% 0.0% Heavy & Sour 23 21 21 19 16 17 22 31.7% 20.8% Norway 3,331 2,961 2,137 2,040 1,917 1,838 1,892 Ultra Light 124 271 267 281 305 305 327 3.7% 17.3% Light & Sweet 2,074 1,899 1,312 1,199 1,103 1,070 1,132 62.3% 59.8% Light & Medium Sour 31 31 31 23 19 0.0% 1.0% Medium & Sweet 1,081 509 328 369 288 275 272 32.5% 14.4% Medium & Medium Sour 14 4 4 2 0.0% 0.0% Medium & Sour 29 15 10 10 13 0.0% 0.7% Heavy & Medium Sour 52 268 166 141 177 155 129 1.6% 6.8% United Kingdom 2,480 1,650 1,235 1,029 886 811 789 Light & Sweet 1,823 1,201 394 359 318 280 274 73.5% 34.7% Light & Medium Sour 33 110 627 504 404 420 412 1.3% 52.2% Medium & Sweet 234 167 48 46 29 38 24 9.4% 3.0% Medium & Sour 170 6.9% 0.0% Heavy & Sweet 17 31 75 45 62 19 28 0.7% 3.5% Heavy & Medium Sour 125 82 54 46 44 31 30 5.0% 3.8% Heavy & Sour 78 59 37 29 29 23 21 3.1% 2.7% Data source: Eni s elaborations on Monthly Oil Data Service OECD/International Energy Agency, 2015 data 89
Production Quality Russia and Central Asia Crude Production by Quality (thousand barrels/day) Share of total 2000 2014 Russia and Central Asia (A) 7,721 11,521 13,145 13,170 13,223 13,444 13,453 Ultra Light 356 453 513 536 537 568 562 4.6% 4.2% Light & Sweet 307 307 1,866 1,762 1,186 1,201 1,219 4.0% 9.1% Light & Medium Sour 611 1,196 1,129 1,111 1,610 1,697 1,668 7.9% 12.4% Light & Sour 65 46 25 20 15 15 14 0.8% 0.1% Medium & Sweet 246 413 217 194 143 137 137 3.2% 1.0% Medium & Medium Sour 2 3 319 608 627 742 950 0.0% 7.1% Medium & Sour 6,096 9,055 9,065 8,928 9,096 9,076 8,895 79.0% 66.1% Heavy & Sweet 15 6 10 8 6 5 4 0.2% 0.0% Heavy & Medium Sour Heavy & Sour Unassigned production (B) 23 42 2 3 3 2 2 0.3% 0.0% % Unassigned production (B/A) 0.3 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Quality and Production Volume of Main Crudes 2014 (**) (thousand barrels/day) Data source: Eni s elaborations on Monthly Oil Data Service OECD/International Energy Agency, 2015 data (**) Data source: Eni s elaborations 90
Production Quality Russia and Central Asia Crude Production by Quality (thousand barrels/day) 14,000 12,000 10,000 8,000 6,000 4,000 2,000 0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Medium & Sour Medium & Medium Sour Medium & Sweet Light & Sour Light & Medium Sour Light & Sweet Ultra Light Crude Production by Quality (selected years, thousand barrels/day) Data source: Eni s elaborations on Monthly Oil Data Service OECD/International Energy Agency, 2015 data 91
Production Quality Russia and Central Asia Crude Production by Quality (thousand barrels/day) Share of total 2000 2014 Azerbaijan 281 448 1,041 923 878 884 870 Light & Sweet 149 145 1,012 894 850 856 841 53.0% 96.7% Medium & Sweet 132 303 29 29 28 28 29 47.0% 3.3% Kazakhstan 718 1,295 1,655 1,680 1,665 1,713 1,688 Ultra Light 107 99 80 77 64 56 53 14.9% 3.1% Light & Sweet 518 518 0.0% 0.0% Light & Medium Sour 611 1,196 1,057 1,085 1,601 1,657 1,635 85.1% 96.9% Russia 6,477 9,491 10,202 10,329 10,432 10,577 10,612 Ultra Light 232 297 393 422 434 471 465 3.6% 4.4% Light & Sweet 148 139 261 273 253 249 270 2.3% 2.5% Light & Medium Sour 72 26 9 41 33 0.0% 0.3% Medium & Sweet 96 75 15 0.0% 0.0% Medium & Medium Sour 318 608 627 741 950 0.0% 9.0% Medium & Sour 6,096 9,055 9,062 8,926 9,094 9,075 8,894 94.1% 83.8% Turkmenistan 139 163 196 197 214 238 252 Ultra Light 0 29 22 24 26 29 32 0.3% 12.8% Light & Sweet 10 17 73 76 81 95 108 7.1% 42.7% Medium & Sweet 114 110 92 90 100 109 108 81.9% 43.0% Heavy & Sweet 15 6 10 8 6 5 4 10.7% 1.5% Uzbekistan 83 82 50 38 31 30 28 Ultra Light 16 28 18 14 12 12 12 19.2% 41.9% Light & Sweet 0 5 2 1 1 1 1 0.0% 3.5% Light & Sour 65 46 25 20 15 15 14 78.3% 50.0% Medium & Medium Sour 2 3 1 1 1 1 0 2.5% 1.2% Medium & Sour 3 2 1 1 1 0.0% 3.5% Data source: Eni s elaborations on Monthly Oil Data Service OECD/International Energy Agency, 2015 data 92
Production Quality Middle East Crude Production by Quality (thousand barrels/day) Share of total 2000 2014 Middle East 21,795 22,919 22,170 24,075 24,412 24,198 24,573 Ultra Light 173 442 898 1,039 1,136 1,175 1,174 0.8% 4.8% Light & Sweet 398 333 346 347 335 284 237 1.8% 1.0% Light & Medium Sour 1,490 1,486 1,434 1,482 1,431 1,435 1,559 6.8% 6.3% Light & Sour 2,379 2,295 2,036 2,266 2,383 2,333 1,864 10.9% 7.6% Medium & Sweet Medium & Medium Sour 263 271 164 131 106 89 92 1.2% 0.4% Medium & Sour 16,664 17,499 16,723 18,257 18,608 18,450 19,291 76.5% 78.5% Heavy & Sweet Heavy & Medium Sour Heavy & Sour 429 592 569 553 412 433 356 2.0% 1.4% Quality and Production Volume of Main Crudes 2014 (**) (thousand barrels/day) Data source: Eni s elaborations on Monthly Oil Data Service OECD/International Energy Agency, 2015 data (**) Data source: Eni s elaborations 93
Production Quality Middle East Crude Production by Quality (thousand barrels/day) 30,000 25,000 20,000 15,000 10,000 5,000 0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Heavy & Sour Medium & Sour Medium & Medium Sour Light & Sour Light & Medium Sour Light & Sweet Ultra Light Crude Production by Quality (selected years, thousand barrels/day) Data source: Eni s elaborations on Monthly Oil Data Service OECD/International Energy Agency, 2015 data 94
Production Quality Middle East Crude Production by Quality (thousand barrels/day) Share of total 2000 2014 BAHRAIN 187 187 182 190 174 182 180 Medium & Sour 187 187 182 190 174 182 180 100.0% 100.0% IRAN 3,684 3,879 3,704 3,621 3,004 2,682 2,812 Medium & Sour 3,684 3,764 3,563 3,491 2,913 2,511 2,700 100.0% 96.0% Heavy & Sour 115 141 130 91 171 112 0.0% 4.0% IRAQ 2,567 1,813 2,364 2,670 2,952 3,080 3,332 Medium & Sour 2,567 1,813 2,364 2,670 2,952 3,080 3,332 100.0% 100.0% KUWAIT 2,045 2,423 2,298 2,533 2,735 2,809 2,800 Medium & Sour 1,905 2,283 2,173 2,401 2,611 2,689 2,684 93.2% 95.9% Heavy & Sour 140 141 125 132 124 120 116 6.8% 4.1% OMAN 955 775 864 887 919 943 944 Medium & Sour 955 775 864 887 919 943 944 100.0% 100.0% QATAR 860 1,216 1,636 1,777 1,876 1,904 1,880 Ultra Light 173 442 898 1,039 1,136 1,175 1,174 20.1% 62.5% Light & Sour 575 578 463 458 467 416 391 66.8% 20.8% Medium & Sour 113 196 275 279 273 313 315 13.1% 16.7% SAUDI ARABIA 8,278 9,353 8,177 9,354 9,785 9,664 9,719 Light & Sweet 208 198 227 259 272 242 203 2.5% 2.1% Light & Sour 1,350 1,224 1,084 1,238 1,300 1,264 1,046 16.3% 10.8% Medium & Sour 6,580 7,791 6,741 7,725 8,089 8,038 8,354 79.5% 85.9% Heavy & Sour 140 141 125 132 124 120 116 1.7% 1.2% SYRIA 545 413 350 319 146 42 23 Light & Medium Sour 395 216 172 160 74 20 11 72.5% 46.8% Heavy & Sour 149 196 178 159 72 22 12 27.5% 53.3% UNITED ARAB EMIRATES 2,238 2,459 2,311 2,505 2,652 2,762 2,758 Light & Medium Sour 1,095 1,269 1,262 1,322 1,358 1,414 1,548 48.9% 56.1% Light & Sour 454 492 490 570 617 653 427 20.3% 15.5% Medium & Medium Sour 17 7 0.8% 0.0% Medium & Sour 672 691 560 613 678 694 783 30.0% 28.4% YEMEN 436 400 284 219 170 130 125 Light & Sweet 190 135 120 88 64 41 33 43.6% 26.7% Medium & Medium Sour 246 265 164 131 106 89 92 56.4% 73.3% Data source: Eni s elaborations on Monthly Oil Data Services OECD/International Energy Agency, 2015 data 95
Production Quality Africa Crude Production by Quality (thousand barrels/day) 2000 2005 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Share of total 2000 2014 Africa (A) 7,461 9,473 9,809 8,702 9,401 8,693 8,226 Ultra Light 630 603 567 537 498 468 501 8.4% 6.1% Light & Sweet 4,177 4,829 5,202 4,384 5,332 4,612 3,994 56.0% 48.6% Light & Medium Sour 77 12 44 65 40 0.0% 0.5% Light & Sour 26 26 37 32 32 30 28 0.3% 0.3% Medium & Sweet 1,760 2,843 2,485 2,519 2,113 2,106 2,361 23.6% 28.7% Medium & Medium Sour 5 276 174 142 231 241 247 0.1% 3.0% Medium & Sour 741 442 377 304 341 313 336 9.9% 4.1% Heavy & Sweet 46 224 451 377 407 452 412 0.6% 5.0% Heavy & Medium Sour 61 56 308 284 283 284 211 0.8% 2.6% Heavy & Sour 159 131 105 103 101 85 0.0% 1.0% Unassigned production (B) 15 15 1 5 17 19 11 0.2% 0.1% % Unassigned production (B/A) 0.2 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1 Quality and Production Volume of Main Crudes 2014 (**) (thousand barrels/day) Data source: Eni s elaborations on Monthly Oil Data Service OECD/International Energy Agency, 2015 data (**) Data source: Eni s elaborations 96
Production Quality Africa Crude Production by Quality (thousand barrels/day) 10,000 8,000 6,000 4,000 2,000 0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Heavy & Sour Heavy & Medium Sour Heavy & Sweet Medium & Sour Medium & Medium Sour Medium & Sweet Light & Sweet Ultra Light Crude Production by Quality (selected years, thousand barrels/day) Data source: Eni s elaborations on Monthly Oil Data Service OECD/International Energy Agency, 2015 data 97
Production Quality Africa Crude Production by Quality (thousand barrels/day) Share of total 2000 2014 Algeria 1,436 1,931 1,765 1,747 1,761 1,748 1,578 Ultra Light 630 603 515 491 454 425 457 43.9% 29.0% Light & Sweet 806 1,327 1,205 1,181 1,165 1,148 1,121 56.1% 71.0% Angola 745 1,228 1,750 1,662 1,784 1,718 1,661 Light & Sweet 355 280 356 331 281 222 213 47.6% 12.8% Medium & Sweet 329 657 922 912 948 888 861 44.2% 51.9% Medium & Medium Sour 235 165 134 225 236 242 0.0% 14.6% Heavy & Sweet 0 0 46 88 134 0.0% 8.0% Heavy & Medium Sour 61 56 308 284 283 284 211 8.2% 12.7% Cameroon 114 89 64 60 64 69 76 Medium & Sweet 68 54 38 36 39 41 46 60.0% 60.0% Heavy & Sweet 46 36 26 24 26 28 30 40.0% 40.0% Chad 170 130 134 137 128 121 Heavy & Sweet 170 130 134 137 128 121 100.0% Congo 256 239 294 293 277 267 264 Light & Sweet 131 121 167 161 152 142 146 51.2% 55.3% Medium & Sweet 125 118 127 132 125 125 118 48.8% 44.7% Cote d'ivoire 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 Medium & Sweet 7 21 21 25 22 15 9 25.9% 33.1% Heavy & Sweet 19 24 20 20 19 18 0.0% 66.9% Dem. Rep. Congo 23 25 25 24 24 24 23 Medium & Sweet 23 25 25 24 24 24 23 100.0% 100.0% Egypt 640 538 557 557 657 654 623 Light & Sweet 109 128 231 278 365 378 372 17.0% 59.8% Medium & Sour 531 251 195 174 190 175 166 83.0% 26.6% Heavy & Sour 159 131 105 103 101 85 0.0% 13.6% Equatorial Guinea 118 358 274 252 272 267 281 Ultra Light 52 46 44 44 44 0.0% 15.6% Light & Sweet 9 71 7.7% 0.0% Medium & Sweet 105 247 222 206 228 223 237 88.9% 84.4% Medium & Medium Sour 4 40 3.5% 0.0% Data source: Eni s elaborations on Monthly Oil Data Service OECD/International Energy Agency, 2015 data 98
Production Quality Africa Crude Production by Quality (thousand barrels/day) 2000 2005 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Share of total 2000 2014 Gabon 276 270 255 254 245 237 236 Light & Sweet 72 66 65 63 56 52 0.0% 22.1% Medium & Sweet 138 120 95 90 86 81 77 50.0% 32.6% Medium & Sour 138 79 94 99 96 100 107 50.0% 45.3% Ghana 7 6 7 77 81 104 107 Light & Sweet 7 6 7 77 81 104 107 100.0% 100.0% Libya 1,411 1,640 1,550 458 1,387 898 460 Light & Sweet 1,353 1,544 1,403 422 1,285 769 365 95.9% 79.4% Light & Medium Sour 77 12 44 65 40 0.0% 8.7% Medium & Sour 58 96 70 24 58 64 55 4.1% 11.9% Mauritania 9 8 7 6 5 Medium & Medium Sour 9 8 7 6 5 100.0% Nigeria 2,160 2,546 2,595 2,693 2,627 2,456 2,430 Light & Sweet 1,372 1,245 1,734 1,842 1,915 1,771 1,598 63.5% 65.8% Medium & Sweet 788 1,301 845 833 695 664 831 36.5% 34.2% Heavy & Sweet 16 18 17 20 0.0% 0.0% Sudan 177 305 465 453 113 221 268 Medium & Sweet 177 305 210 310 103 170 159 99.8% 59.4% Heavy & Sweet 255 143 10 44 109 0.0% 40.6% Tunisia 76 71 80 67 66 61 56 Light & Sweet 35 35 34 28 25 22 19 46.6% 34.0% Light & Sour 26 26 37 32 32 30 28 33.7% 49.9% Medium & Medium Sour 1 1.3% 0.0% Medium & Sour 14 10 9 7 9 9 9 18.4% 16.1% Data source: Eni s elaborations on Monthly Oil Data Service OECD/International Energy Agency, 2015 data 99
Production Quality Asia - Pacific Crude Production by Quality (thousand barrels/day) Share of total 2000 2014 Asia - Pacific (A) 7,478 7,552 7,898 7,766 7,781 7,573 7,543 Ultra Light 443 277 303 281 300 276 283 5.9% 3.8% Light & Sweet 2,756 2,723 1,918 1,908 2,136 1,865 1,757 36.9% 23.3% Light & Medium Sour 31 33 0.4% 0.0% Light & Sour 34 34 34 34 34 0.0% 0.5% Medium & Sweet 2,877 2,901 3,580 3,558 3,386 3,633 3,612 38.5% 47.9% Medium & Medium Sour 543 563 582 580 582 589 588 7.3% 7.8% Medium & Sour 17 19 19 19 19 20 19 0.2% 0.3% Heavy & Sweet 728 897 1,328 1,251 1,200 1,039 1,116 9.7% 14.8% Heavy & Medium Sour Heavy & Sour Unassigned production (B) 83 140 135 134 125 118 133 1.1% 1.8% % Unassigned production (B/A) 1.1 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.8 Quality and Production Volume of Main Crudes 2014 (**) (thousand barrels/day) Data source: Eni s elaborations on Monthly Oil Data Service OECD/International Energy Agency, 2015 data (**) Data source: Eni s elaborations 100
Production Quality Asia - Pacific Crude Production by Quality (thousand barrels/day) 9,000 8,000 7,000 6,000 5,000 4,000 3,000 2,000 1,000 0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Heavy & Sweet Medium & Medium Sour Medium & Sweet Light & Sweet Ultra Light Crude Production by Quality (selected years, thousand barrels/day) Data source: Eni s elaborations on Monthly Oil Data Service OECD/International Energy Agency, 2015 data 101
Production Quality Asia - Pacific Crude Production by Quality (thousand barrels/day) Share of total 2000 2014 Australia 721 456 484 418 410 332 342 Ultra Light 311 50 85 73 95 79 91 43.1% 26.6% Light & Sweet 372 364 225 186 178 162 157 51.6% 45.9% Heavy & Sweet 38 42 174 159 137 91 94 5.3% 27.5% Brunei 195 206 153 169 159 135 126 Ultra Light 16 18 22 13 13 13 12 8.2% 9.4% Light & Sweet 110 90 65 93 88 64 59 56.3% 46.7% Medium & Sweet 6 3 47 46 40 43 38 3.1% 30.4% Heavy & Sweet 63 95 18 18 18 15 17 32.4% 13.6% China 3,259 3,636 4,067 4,077 4,134 4,138 4,148 Light & Sweet 200 229 32 35 39 32 14 6.1% 0.3% Light & Medium Sour 31 33 1.0% 0.0% Light & Sour 34 34 34 34 34 0.0% 0.8% Medium & Sweet 2,201 2,329 2,627 2,688 2,752 2,789 2,835 67.5% 68.3% Medium & Medium Sour 543 563 582 580 582 589 588 16.7% 14.2% Medium & Sour 17 19 19 19 19 20 19 0.5% 0.5% Heavy & Sweet 267 463 773 721 708 674 658 8.2% 15.9% East Timor 92 88 84 80 79 76 Ultra light 92 88 84 80 79 76 100.0% India 659 656 789 800 773 769 766 Light & Sweet 552 562 694 697 671 671 675 83.8% 88.1% Medium & Sweet 40 27 23 25 25 26 23 6.1% 3.0% Heavy & Sweet 67 67 72 78 77 72 68 10.2% 8.9% Indonesia 1,312 946 828 798 766 735 696 Ultra Light 75 64 43 42 39 47 47 5.7% 6.7% Light & Sweet 823 549 111 104 385 232 167 62.7% 23.9% Medium & Sweet 122 103 383 378 82 270 204 9.3% 29.2% Heavy & Sweet 293 230 291 275 260 186 279 22.3% 40.1% Malaysia 704 779 703 640 659 627 654 Ultra Light 41 53 65 70 73 57 57 5.8% 8.7% Light & Sweet 412 500 306 295 307 284 288 58.5% 44.0% Medium & Sweet 251 227 333 275 278 287 310 35.7% 47.3% Data source: Eni s elaborations on Monthly Oil Data Service OECD/International Energy Agency, 2015 data 102
Production Quality Asia - Pacific Crude Production by Quality (thousand barrels/day) 2000 2005 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Share of total 2000 2014 New Zeland 36 19 55 47 41 35 39 Light & Sweet 36 19 39 33 31 30 31 100.0% 79.5% Medium & Sweet 17 14 10 5 8 20.5% Papua New Guinea 64 54 31 30 27 28 34 Light & Sweet 64 54 31 30 27 28 34 100.0% 100.0% Thailand 120 196 257 262 264 241 232 Light & Sweet 120 196 257 262 264 241 232 100.0% 100.0% Vietnam 325 372 308 307 345 335 296 Light & Sweet 68 160 158 174 146 121 101 20.9% 34.1% Medium & Sweet 257 212 150 133 199 214 195 79.1% 65.9% Data source: Eni s elaborations on Monthly Oil Data Service OECD/International Energy Agency, 2015 data 103
Production Quality Americas Crude Production by Quality (thousand barrels/day) Share of total 2000 2014 Americas (A) 17,169 17,393 17,540 18,017 19,017 20,151 21,632 Ultra Light 64 181 147 255 410 532 546 0.4% 2.5% Light & Sweet 3,388 2,674 2,833 3,236 4,082 4,885 5,739 19.7% 26.5% Light & Medium Sour 553 190 363 386 363 350 345 3.2% 1.6% Light & Sour Medium & Sweet 889 1,409 1,520 1,553 1,633 1,795 1,995 5.2% 9.2% Medium & Medium Sour 1,559 1,578 1,722 1,551 1,381 1,371 1,425 9.1% 6.6% Medium & Sour 4,021 3,658 3,612 3,426 3,445 3,209 3,372 23.4% 15.6% Heavy & Sweet 308 249 316 313 289 241 238 1.8% 1.1% Heavy & Medium Sour 1,147 1,407 1,765 1,853 1,802 1,724 1,699 6.7% 7.9% Heavy & Sour 4,901 5,684 4,951 5,144 5,322 5,766 5,994 28.5% 27.7% Unassigned production (B) 338 362 310 300 289 276 278 2.0% 1.3% % Unassigned production (B/A) 2.0 2.1 1.8 1.7 1.5 1.4 1.3 Quality and Production Volume of Main Crudes 2014 (**) (thousand barrels/day) Data source: Eni s elaborations on Monthly Oil Data Service OECD/International Energy Agency, 2015 data (**) Data source: Eni s elaborations 104
Production Quality Americas Crude Production by Quality (thousand barrels/day) 21,000 18,000 15,000 12,000 9,000 6,000 3,000 0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Heavy & Sour Heavy & Medium Sour Heavy & Sweet Medium & Sour Medium & Medium Sour Medium & Sweet Light & Medium Sour Light & Sweet Crude Production by Quality (selected years, thousand barrels/day) Data source: Eni s elaborations on Monthly Oil Data Service OECD/International Energy Agency, 2015 data 105
Production Quality Americas Crude Production by Quality (thousand barrels/day) Share of total 2000 2014 Argentina 769 661 611 575 559 525 519 Light & Sweet 115 94 88 84 81 77 76 15.0% 14.6% Medium & Medium Sour 346 281 265 252 242 223 212 45.0% 40.8% Heavy & Sweet 308 249 235 224 217 204 202 40.0% 39.0% Brazil 1,234 1,637 2,061 2,112 2,067 2,027 2,239 Light & Sweet 6 11 0.0% 0.5% Light & Medium Sour 49 46 43 45 43 40 42 4.0% 1.9% Medium & Sweet 20 35 112 269 403 0.0% 18.0% Medium & Medium Sour 272 447 579 548 473 353 387 22.0% 17.3% Heavy & Sweet 81 90 72 37 36 0.0% 1.6% Heavy & Medium Sour 914 1,144 1,319 1,353 1,294 1,238 1,250 74.0% 55.8% Heavy & Sour 19 42 73 84 110 0.0% 4.9% Canada 2,015 2,372 2,724 2,911 3,131 3,333 3,540 Light & Sweet 832 729 681 720 780 690 718 41.3% 20.3% Medium & Sweet 334 673 939 1,000 1,003 999 992 16.6% 28.0% Medium & Medium Sour 173 166 0.0% 4.7% Heavy & Sour 849 970 1,104 1,191 1,348 1,471 1,664 42.1% 47.0% Memo: Syncrude production is included in Medium & Sweet Memo: bitumen production is included in Heavy & Sour 334 567 818 888 938 943 937 16.6% 26.5% 288 445 680 762 895 1,011 1,212 14.3% 34.2% Colombia 684 526 786 915 944 1,006 989 Light & Sweet 340 135 51 44 50 46 45 49.7% 4.5% Medium & Sweet 105 74 61 59 53 54 53 15.3% 5.4% Heavy & Medium Sour 234 263 447 501 508 486 448 34.1% 45.3% Heavy & Sour 6 54 227 312 333 420 443 0.9% 44.8% Ecuador 401 532 466 497 501 517 551 Heavy & Sour 401 532 466 497 501 517 551 100.0% 100.0% Mexico 3,012 3,333 2,577 2,553 2,548 2,522 2,427 Light & Medium Sour 505 144 320 341 320 310 303 16.8% 12.5% Medium & Sour 733 802 834 782 834 847 857 24.3% 35.3% Heavy & Sour 1,774 2,387 1,423 1,430 1,394 1,365 1,267 58.9% 52.2% Data source: Eni s elaborations on Monthly Oil Data Service OECD/International Energy Agency, 2015 data 106
Production Quality Americas Crude Production by Quality (thousand barrels/day) 2000 2005 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Share of total 2000 2014 United States 5,822 5,181 5,471 5,653 6,481 7,448 8,626 Ultra light 21 12 29 136 287 402 429 0.4% 5.0% Light & Sweet 2,101 1,717 2,013 2,388 3,171 4,066 4,889 36.1% 56.7% Medium & Sweet 450 506 385 340 349 366 430 7.7% 5.0% Medium & Medium Sour 942 851 878 751 667 622 660 16.2% 7.7% Medium & Sour 1,499 1,426 1,550 1,448 1,421 1,383 1,540 25.8% 17.9% Heavy & Sour 809 670 615 590 587 607 678 13.9% 7.9% Venezuela 2,894 2,788 2,535 2,501 2,498 2,497 2,462 Ultra light 43 131 96 104 107 116 104 1.5% 4.2% Medium & Sweet 156 114 119 114 100 102 0.0% 4.1% Medium & Sour 1,789 1,429 1,228 1,196 1,191 979 975 61.8% 39.6% Heavy & Sour 1,062 1,071 1,097 1,082 1,086 1,302 1,280 36.7% 52.0% Data source: Eni s elaborations on Monthly Oil Data Service OECD/International Energy Agency, 2015 data 107
Production Quality Distillation Yields European imported crudes with the most significant quality change CPC blend quality trend - period 2012-2014 - API, Yields %wt Basrah quality trend - period 2010-2014 - API, Yields %wt 108
Production Quality Distillation Yields Kirkuk quality trend - period 2010-2014 - API, Yields %wt Azeri from BTC quality trend - period 2010-2014 - API, Yields %wt 109
refining industry Refining Capacity World Oil and Gas Review 2015
Refining Industry Refining Capacity Areas and Aggregates 2000 2005 Refineries (no.) Primary Capacity (mmtons) Primary Capacity (kbbl/d) Conversion Capacity (FCC eqv.) (mmtons) Complexity Ratio FCC eqv. NCI (%) Refineries (no.) Primary Capacity (mmtons) Primary Capacity (kbbl/d) Conversion Capacity (FCC eqv.) (mmtons) Complexity Ratio FCC eqv. NCI (%) Europe (**) 148 852 17,058 268 31 8.3 137 872 17,461 298 34 8.7 Russia and Central Asia 58 404 8,133 55 14 5.8 61 370 7,448 63 17 6.7 Middle East 46 325 6,527 52 16 5.4 47 361 7,324 61 17 5.5 Africa 47 142 2,837 16 11 4.9 46 158 3,154 26 17 5.6 Asia 227 1,115 22,351 394 35 7.0 240 1,233 24,699 549 45 7.4 North East Asia 149 722 14,450 280 39 7.2 164 819 16,395 415 51 7.7 Asia and Pacific 78 393 7,901 114 29 6.7 76 413 8,304 134 32 6.9 Americas 256 1,313 26,263 787 60 9.9 253 1,358 27,175 855 63 10.2 North America 182 997 19,938 659 66 10.8 175 1,034 20,687 709 69 11.1 Latin America 74 316 6,325 128 41 7.1 78 324 6,488 146 45 7.3 World 782 4,151 83,169 1,573 38 7.9 784 4,352 87,261 1,852 43 8.2 World Primary Capacity (2014) 4,793 million tons World Primary Capacity Growth (2000-2014) 642 million tons Data source: Eni s calculations on Icis Consulting data (**) Belarus and Ukraine aren't included in Europe but in Russia and Central Asia 112
Refining Industry Refining Capacity 2010 2014 Refineries (no.) Primary Capacity (mmtons) Primary Capacity (kbbl/d) Conversion Capacity (FCC eqv.) (mmtons) Complexity Ratio FCC eqv. NCI (%) Refineries (no.) Primary Capacity (mmtons) Primary Capacity (kbbl/d) Conversion Capacity (FCC eqv.) (mmtons) Complexity Ratio FCC eqv. NCI (%) 129 841 16,817 308 37 8.9 118 789 15,782 306 39 9.0 Europe (**) 66 379 7,619 66 18 6.9 71 404 8,184 55 14 5.8 Russia and Central Asia 57 394 8,006 79 20 6.0 58 425 8,645 107 25 6.6 Middle East 46 159 3,203 27 17 5.7 51 177 3,563 33 18 5.8 Africa 264 1,474 29,556 790 54 8.3 275 1,636 32,847 1,001 61 8.9 Asia 183 979 19,604 598 61 8.6 189 1,104 22,142 777 70 9.4 North East Asia 81 495 9,952 192 39 7.7 86 532 10,705 224 42 8.1 Asia and Pacific 242 1,352 27,068 873 65 10.5 238 1,361 27,245 910 67 10.8 Americas 167 1,033 20,669 721 70 11.5 164 1,068 21,369 769 72 11.7 North America 75 319 6,399 153 48 7.4 74 293 5,876 141 48 7.6 Latin America 804 4,598 92,269 2,142 47 8.7 811 4,793 96,266 2,412 50 9.0 World 2014 Complexity ratio (FCC eqv. %) 113
Refining Industry Refining Capacity Primary Capacity by Cluster of Companies 2000 2014 World: 4,151 million tons World: 4,793 million tons 2014 (million tons) Majors: ExxonMobil, BP, Shell, Chevron, Total, Eni, Repsol NOCs: PDVSA, Saudi Aramco, NIORDC, Pemex, Lukoil, Indian Oil Corporation, Kuwait Petroleum Corp., Reliance, Rosneft, Pertamina, Gazprom, Sinopec, PetroChina, CNOOC, Petrobras, KNOC, ONGC, Mitsui, Petronas, PTT, Statoil 114