present indicative πείθω, πείσω, ἔπεισα, πέπεικα, πέπεισμαι, ἐπείσθην

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Transcript:

present indicative active passive 1s I -ω πείθω -ο-μαι πείθομαι 2s you -ει-ς πείθεις -ε-σαι πείθῃ/πείθει 3s (s)he -ει πείθει -ε-ται πείθεται 1p we -ο-μεν πείθομεν -ο-μεθα πειθόμεθα 2p you -ε-τε πείθετε -ε-σθε πείθεσθε 3p they -ου-σι πείθουσι -ο-νται πείθονται

imperfect indicative active passive 1s I -ο-ν ἔπειθον -ο-μην ἐπειθόμην 2s you -ε-ς ἔπειθες -ε-σο ἐπείθου 3s (s)he -ε ἔπειθε -ε-το ἐπείθετο 1p we -ο-μεν ἐπείθομεν -ο-μεθα ἐπειθόμεθα 2p you -ε-τε ἐπείθετε -ε-σθε ἐπείθεσθε 3p they -ο-ν ἔπειθον -ο-ντο ἐπείθοντο

2 nd singular continuous passive present imperfect 2s you -ε-σαι πείθῃ/πείθει -ε-σο ἐπείθου analogous to spurious diphthongs from compensatory lengthening: vowels ι υ ε ο α spurious diphthongs longish ε = ει longish ο = ου real lengthening long ε = η long ο = ω

continuous subjunctive active passive 1s I -ω πείθω -ω-μαι πείθωμαι 2s you -ῃ-ς πείθῃς -η-σαι πείθῃ 3s (s)he -ῃ πείθῃ -η-ται πείθηται 1p we -ω-μεν πείθωμεν -ω-μεθα πειθώμεθα 2p you -η-τε πείθητε -η-σθε πείθησθε 3p they -ω-σι πείθωσι -ω-νται πείθωνται

continuous optative active passive 1s I -οι-μι πείθοιμι -οι-μην πειθοίμην 2s you -οι-ς πείθοις -οι-σο πείθοιο 3s (s)he -οι πείθοι -οι-το πείθοιτο 1p we -οι-μεν πείθοιμεν -οι-μεθα πειθοίμεθα 2p you -οι-τε πείθοιτε -οι-σθε πείθοισθε 3p they -οι-εν πείθοιεν -οι-ντο πείθοιντο

sixth principal part aorist passive indicative first person singular used for aorist and future passive and friends usually adds -θ-, which causes stop changes: labial dental palatal β δ γ π τ κ φ θ χ ψ ζ ξ σ μ ν γ λύω, λύσω πείθω, πείσω βλάπτω, βλάψω φυλάττω, φυλάξω λυ + θ ἐλύθην πειθ + θ dental + θ = σθ ἐπείσθην βλαβ + θ labial + θ = φθ ἐβλάφθην φυλακ + θ palatal + θ = χθ ἐφυλάχθην basically, aspirate labial/palatal stops but change dentals to σ

sixth principal part irregular aorist ( strong or second aorist) does not use -θexample: for βλάπτω, βλάψω (βλαβ-), regular/first/weak aorist: ἐβλάφθην irregular/second/strong: ἐβλάβην

simple aspect passive aorist indicative, simple subjunctive and optative use the sixth principal part of the verb have active endings quick recognition clues (for weak verbs): indicative has -θη- (so does future) optative has -θεsubjunctive has a contracted -θε-

aorist indicative passive formation endings example 1s I -η-ν -ην ἐπείσθην 2s you -η-ς -ης ἐπείσθης 3s (s)he -η -η ἐπείσθη 1p we -η-μεν -ημεν ἐπείσθημεν 2p you -η-τε -ητε ἐπείσθητε 3p they -η-σαν -ησαν ἐπείσθησαν

simple subjunctive passive formation endings example 1s I -έ-ω -ῶ πεισθῶ 2s you -έ-ῃ-ς -ῇς πεισθῇς 3s (s)he -έ-ῃ -ῇ πεισθῇ 1p we -έ-ω-μεν -ῶμεν πεισθῶμεν 2p you -έ-η-τε -ῆτε πεισθῆτε 3p they -έ-ω-σι(ν) -ῶσι(ν) πεισθῶσι

simple optative passive formation endings example 1s I -ε-ιη-ν -είην πεισθείην 2s you -ε-ιη-ς -είης πεισθείης 3s (s)he -ε-ιη -είη πεισθείη 1p we -ε-ιη-μεν -ε-ῑ-μεν -είημεν -εῖμεν πεισθείημεν πεισθεῖμεν 2p you -ε-ιη-τε -ε-ῑ-τε -είητε -εῖτε πεισθείητε πεισθεῖτε 3p they -ε-ιη-σαν -ε-ῑ-εν -είησαν -εῖεν πεισθείησαν πεισθεῖεν

future passive future passive uses the sixth principal part of the verb adds a futuristic -σ- before the endings uses passive endings quick recognition clues: indicative has -θη- (like aorist) and -σ-

future indicative passive formation endings example 1s I -η-σ-ο-μαι -ήσομαι πεισθήσομαι 2s you -η-σ-ε-σαι -ήσῃ -ήσει πεισθήσῃ πεισθήσει 3s (s)he -η-σ-ε-ται -ήσεται πεισθήσεται 1p we -η-σ-ο-μεθα -ησόμεθα πεισθησόμεθα 2p you -η-σ-ε-σθε -ήσεσθε πεισθήσεσθε 3p they -η-σ-ο-νται -ήσονται πεισθήσονται

simple and future infinitives formation endings example continuous -ε-σθαι -εσθαι πείθεσθαι simple -η-ναι -ῆναι πεισθῆναι future -η-σ-ε-σθαι -ήσεσθαι πεισθήσεσθαι simple infinitive has a persistent accent on penult!