passive 3 rd person Continuous Simple Future Perfect
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- Μητροφάνης Δελή
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1 passive 3 rd person Continuous Simple Future Perfect (reduplication) Nonpast Indicative -!"#$ -%&"#$ -'()!"#$ -'()%&"#$ -"#$ -&"#$ Past Indicative (!- augment) -!"% -%&"% -'* -'*)#& -"% -&"% Subjunctive -*"#$ -+&"#$ -', -'-)$ Optative -%$"% -%$&"% -'!.* -"#$%&'( -"#)#(
2 prefix endings λέλυ- βέβλαβpresent -ω -τω λέλύω βέβλάπτω future -σ-ω λέλύσω βέβλάψω aorist ἐ- -σ-α λἔλυσα βἐβλαψα perfect reduplication -κ-α or ἁ λέλυκα βέβλαφα perfect m/p reduplication -μαι λέλυμαι βέβλαμμαι aorist passive ἐ- -θη-ν λἐλύθην βἐβλάφθην labial dental palatal β δ γ π τ κ φ θ χ ψ ζ ξ σ μ ν γ 1.dental stop becomes σ 2.labial and palatal stops become neighbor nearest to target 3.double σσ drops a σ βἐβλάβην
3 πρᾱγ- πειθ- ἀρχ- γραφπράττω πείθω ἄρχω γράφω πράξω πείσω ἄρξω γράψω ἔπραξα ἔπεισα ἦρξα ἔγραψα πέπραχα πέπεικα ἦρχα γέγραφα πέπραγμαι πέπεισμαι ἦργμαι γέγραμμαι ἐπράχθην ἐπείσθην ἤρχθην ἐγράφην labial dental palatal β δ γ π τ κ φ θ χ ψ ζ ξ σ μ ν γ 1.dental stop becomes σ 2.labial and palatal stops become neighbor nearest to target 3.double σσ drops a σ
4 perfect aspect passive perfect and pluperfect indicative passive use the fifth principal part of the verb use passive endings including full -σαι/-σο quick recognition clues: reduplication, passive endings
5 perfect weirdness the perfect and pluperfect tend to take a dative agent instead of ὑπὸ+genitive ὁ διδάσκαλος βέβλαπται τῷ κροκοδίλῳ. The teacher has been harmed by the gator.
6 perfect indicative passive endings example 1s I -μαι λέλυμαι I have been freed 2s you -σαι λέλυσαι you have been freed 3s (s)he -ται λέλυται (s)he has been freed 1p we -μεθα λελύμεθα we have been freed 2p you -σθε λέλυσθε you (pl.) have been freed 3p they -νται λέλυνται they have been freed λύω, λύσω, ἔλυσα, λέλυκα, λέλυμαι, ελύθην
7 perfect indicative passive endings examples 1s I -μαι πέπεισμαι γέγραμμαι πεφύλαγμαι 2s you -σαι πέπεισαι γέγραψαι πεφύλαξαι 3s (s)he -ται πέπεισται γέγραπται πεφύλακται 1p we -μεθα πεπείσμεθα γεγράμμεθα πεφυλάγμεθα 2p you -σθε πέπεισθε γέγραφθε πεφύλαχθε 3p they *-νται *πεπείθαται *γεγράφαται *πεφυλάκαται πείθω, πείσω, ἔπεισα, πέπεικα, πέπεισμαι, ἐπείσθην γράφω, γράψω, ἔγραψα, γέγραφα, γέγραμμαι, ἐγράφην φυλάττω, φυλάξω, ἐφύλαξα, πεφύλαχα, πεφύλαγμαι, ἐφυλάχθην
8 labial dental palatal β δ γ π τ κ φ θ χ ψ ζ ξ σ μ ν γ end of stem + ending = result labial stop + μ- = -μμfind closest match on the chart at left + σ- = -ψ- + τ- = -πτ- dental stop + μ- = -σμjust becomes σ drops before σ + σ- = -σ- + τ- = -στpalatal stop + μ- = -γμfind closest match on the chart at left + σ- = -ξ- + τ- = -κτdrop σ between 2 consonants or if 2 σ s in a row
9 stem +ending =result γεγραφ- -μαι γέγραμμαι γεγραφ- -σαι γέγραψαι γεγραφ- -ται γέγραπται πεπειθ- -μαι πέπεισμαι πεπειθ- -σαι πέπεισαι πεπειθ- -ται πέπεισται πεφυλακ- -μαι πεφύλαγμαι πεφυλακ- -σαι πεφύλαξαι πεφυλακ- -ται πεφύλακται stem +ending =result labial μ- -μμσ- -ψτ- -πτdental μ- -σμσ- -στ- -στpalatal μ- -γμσ- -ξτ- -κτdrop σ between two consonants
10 labial dental palatal β δ γ π τ κ φ θ χ ψ ζ ξ σ μ ν γ stem +ending =result γεγραπ -σθε γέγραφθε πεπειθ -σθε πέπεισθε πεφυλακ -σθε πεφύλαχθε step 1 step 2 result γεγραπσθε γεγραπθε γέγραφθε πεπεισσθε πεπεισθε πέπεισθε πεφυλακσθε πεφυλακθε πεφύλαχθε 1. drop σ between two consonants 2. aspirate palatal/labial stops before θ
11 pluperfect indicative passive endings example 1s I -μην ἐλελύμην I had been freed 2s you -σο ἐλέλυσο you had been freed 3s (s)he -το ἐλέλυτο (s)he had been freed 1p we -μεθα ἐλελύμεθα we had been freed 2p you -σθε ἐλέλυσθε you (pl) had been freed 3p they -ντο ἐλέλυντο they had been freed λύω, λύσω, ἔλυσα, λέλυκα, λέλυμαι, ελύθην
12 pluperfect indicative passive endings example 1s I -μην ἐπεπείσμην ἐγεγράμμην ἐπεφυλάγμην 2s you -σο ἐπέπεισο ἐγέγραψο ἐπεφύλαξο 3s (s)he -το ἐπέπειστο ἐγέγραπτο ἐπεφύλακτο 1p we -μεθα ἐπεπείσμεθα ἐγεγράμμεθα ἐπεφυλάγμεθα 2p you -σθε ἐπέπεισθε ἐγέγραφθε ἐπεφύλαχθε 3p they *-ντο *ἐπεπείσατο *ἐγεγράφατο *ἐπεφυλάκατο πείθω, πείσω, ἔπεισα, πέπεικα, πέπεισμαι, ἐπείσθην γράφω, γράψω, ἔγραψα, γέγραφα, γέγραμμαι, ἐγράφην φυλάττω, φυλάξω, ἐφύλαξα, πεφύλαχα, πεφύλαγμαι, ἐφυλάχθην
13 perfect infinitive formation endings example continuous -ε-σθαι -εσθαι πείθεσθαι simple -η-ναι -ῆναι πεισθῆναι future -η-σ-ε-σθαι -ήσεσθαι πεισθήσεσθαι perfect -σθαι -σθαι λελύσθαι πεπεῖσθαι γεγράφθαι πεφυλάχθαι perfect infinitive has a persistent accent on penult!
14 all the infinitives so far active passive example continuous -ειν πείθειν -ε-σθαι πείθεσθαι future -ειν πείσειν -ήσ-ε-σθαι πεισθήσεσθαι simple -αι πεῖσαι -ῆ-ναι πεισθῆναι perfect -έ-ναι πεπεικέναι -σθαι πεπεῖσθαι πείθω, πείσω, ἔπεισα, πέπεικα, πέπεισμαι, ἐπείσθην
present indicative πείθω, πείσω, ἔπεισα, πέπεικα, πέπεισμαι, ἐπείσθην
present indicative active passive 1s I -ω πείθω -ο-μαι πείθομαι 2s you -ει-ς πείθεις -ε-σαι πείθῃ/πείθει 3s (s)he -ει πείθει -ε-ται πείθεται 1p we -ο-μεν πείθομεν -ο-μεθα πειθόμεθα 2p you -ε-τε πείθετε
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