Croy Lessons 18-20 Greek Verb Formation Αug Redp STEM Tense Theme Ending PRES ACT -- STEM -- o/ε PRES M/P/D -- STEM -- o/ε IMPF ACT ἐ STEM -- o/ε ΙΜPF M/P ἐ STEM -- o/ε FUT ACT -- STEM σ o/ε FUT M/D -- STEM σ o/ε 1AOR ACT ἐ STEM 1AOR M/D ἐ STEM 1ΑΟR R PASS ἐ STEM PrimAct PrimMP SecAct SecMP PrimAct PrimMP σα/α -- SecAct σα/α -- SecMP θη -- SecAct 2ΑΟR R ACT ἐ *STEM -- o/ε 2AOR M/D ἐ *STEM -- o/ε SecAct SecMP 2ΑΟR R PASS ἐ *STEM η -- SecAct PERF ACT -- X STEM κα / α -- PrimAct PERF MPD -- X STEM -- -- PrimMP PLPF ACT (ἐ) X STEM κει / ει -- SecAct PLPF M/P (ἐ) X STEM -- -- SecMP First Declension Second Declension NOM GEN SINGULAR PLURAL -α / -η [-ης]* -αι -ας / -ης [-ου]* -ων DAT -ᾳ / -ῃ -αις ACC -αν / -ην -ας VOC -α / -η -αι *Masculine Nouns of First Declension NOM GEN SINGULAR -ος / -ον -ου PLURAL -οι / -α -ων DAT -ῳ -οις ACC VOC -ον / -ον -ε / -ον -ους / -α -οι / -α THIRD Declension SINGULAR PLURAL NOM -**- [**] -ες / -εις [-α ] GEN -ος / -ως / -ους -ων DAT -ι -σι ACC -α / -ιν [**] -ας / -εις [-α ] ** = These endings vary in the Third Declension [ ] = Neuter forms of Third Declension 1
A Croy Lessons 18-20 A participle is a verbal adjective In English, participles are verbs ending in ING Overview Formation Translation Present Participles Ω I was studying Greek. >> PERIPHRASTIC (or Supplementary) It is helping periphrase or supplementing a verb of being (usually εἰμι or γίνομαι) It does sound just like the Imperfect Indicative Studying Greek, I sometimes want to scream. >> CIRCUMSTANTIAL (ADVERBIAL) Under the circumstance of (UTC ) While studying Which one? Because I m I m studying Since I m I m studying CONTEXT! Even though I m I m studying The seminarian studying Greek is a happy seminarian. >> ADJECTIVE The seminarian who is studying Greek Studying Greek is a lot of fun. >> SUBSTANTIVE (noun) I.e., like an adjective standing on its own 2
I was studying Greek. >> PERIPHRASTIC (SUPPL.) Studying Greek, I sometimes want to scream. VERBAL >> CIRCUMSTANTIAL (ADV.) The seminarian studying Greek is a happy seminarian. ADJECTIVES >> ADJECTIVE Studying Greek is a lot of fun. >> SUBSTANTIVE Having studied Greek, I will be a better pastor. > an Aorist or Perfect Participle! A participle is a verbal adjective Like a verb: Expresses action Has tense (indicating kind of action and relative time) and voice Like an adjective Has gender, number, case Relates to (agrees with) a pro/noun or implied subject [or functions as a substantive] FORMATION OF STEM: same as for INDIC verbs STEM: same as for INDIC verbs never augmented reduplication with PF changed stem for 2AOR, 2PF, and some FUT TENSE CODES: same as for INDIC verbs Present: -- Future: σ Aorist Active: σα (or changed stem) Aorist Passive: θε (or changed stem) Perfect: κ NO Imperfect or Pluperfect Ptcps! THEME VOWELS: similar to those for INDIC verbs 3
Translating Participles A Rough Translation Active/Dep Middle Passive for fem PRESENT FUTURE AORIST / PERFECT believing being about to believe / going to believe having believing onself being about to / going to believe onself having oneself being being about to / going to be having been NOTE: der, Number, Case does NOT matter in rough translation for fem for fem οος ο ος Masc/Neut Sg Pres Act οῃ ο ῃ Fem Sg Pres Pass for fem for fem λεκοτες λε κ ο τ ες Masc Pl Nom Perf Act λεοις λε οις Masc/Neut Pl Perf Pass 4
σ σ σ σ σ σ σ σ ο ς ο ος ο ι ο α ου σα ου σης ου σῃ ου σαν ο ες ου σαι ο ων ου σων ο σι σι(ν) ου σαις ο ας ου σας ο ο ος ο ι ο ο α ο ων ο σι σι(ν) ο α ων ο ος ο ι ο α ο ες ο ων ου ο ας ου ουσα ου ουσης ου ουσῃ ου ουσαν ου ουσαι ου ουσων ου ουσαις ου ουσας ον ο ος ο ι ον ο α ο ων ου ο α for fem 5
ος ου ῳ ον οι ων οις ους η ης ῃ ην αι ων αις ας ον ου ῳ ον α ων οις α ο ος ο ου ο ῳ ο ον ο οι ο ων ο οις ο ους ο η ο ης ο ῃ ο ην ο αι ο ων ο αις ο ας ο ον ο ου ο ῳ ο ον ο α ο ων ο οις ο α ων ο ος ο ι ο α ο ες ο ων ου ο ας ου ουσα ου ουσης ου ουσῃ ου ουσαν ου ουσαι ου ουσων ου ουσαις ου ουσας ον ο ος ο ι ον ο α ο ων ου ο α Present Participle of εἰμί ων οος οι οα οες οων οας ουσα ουσης ουσῃ ουσαν ουσαι ουσων ουσαις ουσας ον οος οι ον οα οων οα ὤν ὄος ὄι ὄα ὄες ὄων οὖσι(ν) ὄας οὖσα οὔσης οὔσῃ οὖσαν οὖσαι οὐσῶν οὔσαις οὔσας ὄν ὄος ὄι ὄν ὄα ὄων οὖσι(ν) ὄα 6
Lesson 18 - Vocabulary Participles ἁμαρτάνω βούλομαι διώκω ἐργάζομαι εὐαγγελίζομαι κάθημαι λογίζομαι μή ὑπάρχω ὤν, οὖσα, ὄν for the following verbs in PTCP mood 1 οας 2 οης 3 ουσας 4 πιστευων 5 προσευχοη 6 ἐσθιον 7 βαπτιζοαις 8 λεγων 9 λεγοες 10 λογιζοος GNDR M F N NMBR S, P CASE NGDA TENSE Pres, Fut, Impf, Aor, Perf, Plpf VOICE Act, Mid, Dep, Pass Rough Transl. Croy 18 - Exercises Participle Analysis Sheet for Croy 18 Participle Practice Worksheet Work on Croy 18 Vocabulary Quiz on Friday Participle Analysis: 4 (Present) Participles: GNC-TV; rough translation Can use participle sheet! Can use your declension patterns sheet! 7