Croy Lessons 18-20 Greek Verb Formation Αug Redp STEM Tense Theme Ending PRES ACT -- STEM -- o/ε PRES M/P/D -- STEM -- o/ε IMPF ACT ἐ STEM -- o/ε ΙΜPF M/P ἐ STEM -- o/ε FUT ACT -- STEM σ o/ε FUT M/D -- STEM σ o/ε 1AOR ACT ἐ STEM 1AOR M/D ἐ STEM 1ΑΟR PASS ἐ STEM PrimAct PrimMP SecAct SecMP PrimAct PrimMP σα/α -- SecAct σα/α -- SecMP θη -- SecAct 2ΑΟR ACT ἐ *STEM -- o/ε 2AOR M/D ἐ *STEM -- o/ε SecAct SecMP 2ΑΟR PASS ἐ *STEM η -- SecAct PERF ACT -- X STEM κα / α -- PrimAct PERF MPD -- X STEM -- -- PrimMP PLPF ACT (ἐ) X STEM κει / ει -- SecAct PLPF M/P (ἐ) X STEM -- -- SecMP First Declension Second Declension SINGULAR NOM -α / -η [-ης]* GEN -ας / -ης [-ου]* DAT -ᾳ / -ῃ ACC -αν / -ην VOC -α / -η *Masculine Nouns of First Declension PLURAL -αι -ων -αις -ας -αι SINGULAR PLURAL NOM -ος / -ον -οι / -α GEN -ου -ων DAT -ῳ -οις ACC -ον / -ον -ους / -α VOC -ε / -ον -οι / -α THIRD Declension SINGULAR PLURAL NOM -**- [**] -ες / -εις [-α ] GEN -ος / -ως / -ους -ων DAT -ι -σι(ν) ACC -α / -ιν [**] -ας / -εις [-α ] ** = These endings vary in the Third Declension [ ] = Neuter forms of Third Declension 1
A Croy Lessons 18-20 A participle is a verbal adjective In English, participles are verbs ending in ING Overview Formation Translation Present Participles Ω I was studying Greek. >> PERIPHRASTIC (or Supplementary) It is supplementing a verb of being (usually εἰµι or γίνοµαι) ) using a periphrastic (i.e., using more words than really needed) expression It does sound just like the Imperfect Indicative Studying Greek, I sometimes want to scream. >> CIRCUMSTANTIAL (ADVERBIAL) Under the circumstance of (UTC ) While studying Which one? Because I m studying Since I m studying CONTEXT! Even though I m studying The seminarian studying Greek is a happy seminarian. >> ADJECTIVE The seminarian who is studying Greek Studying Greek is a lot of fun. >> SUBSTANTIVE (noun) I.e., like an adjective standing on its own 2
I was studying Greek. >> PERIPHRASTIC (SUPPL.) Studying Greek, I sometimes want to scream. VERBAL >> CIRCUMSTANTIAL (ADV.) The seminarian studying Greek is a happy seminarian. ADJECTIVES >> ADJECTIVE Studying Greek is a lot of fun. >> SUBSTANTIVE Having studied Greek, I will be a better pastor. > an Aorist or Perfect Participle! A participle is a verbal adjective Like a verb: Expresses action Has tense (indicating kind of action and relative time) and voice Like an adjective Has gender, number, case Relates to (agrees with) a pro/noun or implied subject [or functions as a substantive] FORMATION OF (REDUP)+STEM+TENSE+THEME+PTCP +TENSE+THEME+PTCP CODE+ENDING STEM: same as for INDIC verbs never augmented reduplication with PF changed stem for 2AOR, 2PF, and some FUT TENSE CODES: same as for INDIC verbs Present: -- Future: σ Aorist Active: σα (or changed stem) Aorist Passive: θε (or changed stem) Perfect: κ NO Imperfect or Pluperfect participles! THEME VOWELS: similar to those for INDIC verbs 3
using πιστευ - Translating Participles A Rough Translation Active/Dep Middle Passive PRES and PF mid/pass/dep; 2nd for AOR mid and dep for fem PRESENT FUTURE AORIST / PERFECT believing being about to believe / going to believe having believed believing one s self being about to / going to believe one s self having believed one s self being believed being about to / going to be believed having been believed NOTE: der, Number, Case does NOT matter in rough translation AOR mid and dep for fem AOR mid and dep for fem ANALYSIS der Number Case Tense Voice οος ο ος οος ο ος Masc/Neut Sg Pres Act AOR mid and dep for fem AOR mid and dep for fem οµενῃ ο µεν ῃ Fem Sg Pres Pass λεκοτες λε κ ο τ ες Masc Pl Nom Perf Act 4
AOR mid and dep for fem λεµενοις λε µεν οις Masc/Neut Pl Perf Pass σ σ σ σ σ σ σ σ ο ς ο ος ο ι ο α ου σα ου σης ου σῃ ου σαν ο ες ου σαι ο ων ου σων ο σι(ν) ου σαις ο ας ου σας ο ο ος ο ι ο ο α ο ων ο σι(ν) ο α ων ο ος ο ι ο α ο ες ο ων ου ο ας ου ουσα ου ουσης ου ουσῃ ου ουσαν ου ουσαι ου ουσων ου ουσαις ου ουσας ον ο ος ο ι ον ο α ο ων ου ο α AOR mid and dep for fem 5
Present MID/PASS/DEP Participles Present MID/PASS/DEP Participles µεν µεν µεν µεν µεν µεν µεν µεν µεν µεν µεν µεν µεν µεν µεν µεν µεν µεν µεν µεν µεν µεν µεν µεν Present MID/PASS/DEP Participles Present MID/PASS/DEP Participles µεν ος µεν η µεν ον οµεν µενος οµεν µενη οµεν µενον µεν ου µεν ης µεν ου οµεν µενου οµεν µενης οµεν µενου µεν ῳ µεν ῃ µεν ῳ οµεν µενῳ οµεν µενῃ οµεν µενῳ µεν ον µεν ην µεν ον οµεν µενον οµεν µενην οµεν µενον µεν οι µεν αι µεν α οµεν µενοι οµεν µεναι οµεν µενα µεν ων µεν ων µεν ων οµεν µενων οµεν µενων οµεν µενων µεν οις µεν αις µεν οις οµεν µενοις οµεν µεναις οµεν µενοις µεν ους µεν ας µεν α οµεν µενους οµεν µενας οµεν µενα ων ου ουσα ον ων ουσα ον ο ος ου ουσης ο ος οος ουσης οος ο ι ου ουσῃ ο ι οι ουσῃ οι ο α ου ουσαν ον οα ουσαν ον ο ες ου ουσαι ο α οες ουσαι οα ο ων ου ουσων ο ων οων ουσων οων ου ου ουσαις ου ουσαις ο ας ου ουσας ο α οας ουσας οα 6
Present Participle of εἰµί ὤν οὖσα ὄος ὄι ὄα ὄες ὄων οὖσι(ν) ὄας οὔσης οὔσῃ οὖσαν οὖσαι οὐσῶν οὔσαις οὔσας ὄν ὄος ὄι ὄν ὄα ὄων οὖσι(ν) ὄα Lesson 18 - Vocabulary ἁµαρτάνω βούλοµαι διώκω ἐργάζοµαι εὐαγγελίζοµαι κάθηµαι λογίζοµαι µή ὑπάρχω ὤν, οὖσα, ὄν Participles Croy 18 - Exercises for the following verbs in PTCP mood 1 οας 2 οµενης 3 ουσας 4 πιστευων 5 προσευχοµενη 6 ἐσθιον 7 βαπτιζοµεναις 8 λεγων 9 λεγοες 10 λογιζοµενος GNDR M F N NMBR S, P CASE NGDA TENSE Pres, Fut, Impf, Aor, Perf, Plpf VOICE Act, Mid, Dep, Pass Rough Transl. Participle Analysis Sheet for Croy 18 Participle Practice Worksheet Work on Croy 18 Vocabulary 7