Lesson Three: BEATITUDES Matthew 5:3-12 LESSON OBJECTIVE:

Lesson Three: BEATITUDES Matthew 5:3-12 LESSON OBJECTIVE: The student demonstrates understanding of the historical and literary meaning of Matthew 5:3-12 and related texts. LESSON INDICATORS: Upon successful completion of this lesson the student: 1. Parses all substantives and verb forms in Matt. 5:3-12. 2. Classifies all subordinate clauses in Matt. 5:3-12. 3. Classifies all sentences in Matt. 5:3-12. 4. Translates by dynamic-equivalent method all sentences in Matt. 5:3-12. 5. Determines the most likely reading of Matt. 5:3-12 where textual variants are listed. 6. Assesses the literary structure of Matt. 5:3-12. 7. Evaluates the exegetical issues in Matt. 5:3-12. 8. Completes the exegetical outline of Matt. 5:3-12. Parse the following: GRAMMATICAL ANALYSIS: Μακα' ριοι οι πτωχοὶ τω,^ πνευ' µατι αυ τω^ ν ε στιν η βασιλει'α τω^ ν ου ρανω^ ν Classify the following subordinate clause(s): ο«τι αυ τω^ ν ε στιν η βασιλει'α τω^ ν ου ρανω^ ν Function(s): Page 1

Classify the above sentence in Matt. 5:3: Function: Translate the above sentence in Matt. 5:3 by the dynamic-equivalent method: ************************************************************ Parse the following: µακα' ριοι οι πενθου^ντες αυ τοὶ παρακληθη' σονται Classify the following subordinate clause(s): ο«τι αυ τοὶ παρακληθη' σονται Function(s): Classify the above sentence in Matt. 5:4: Function: Translate the above sentence in Matt. 5:4 by the dynamic-equivalent method: ************************************************************ Parse the following: Page 2

µακα' ριοι οι πραει^ς αυ τοὶ κληρονοµη' σουσιν τὴν γη^ν Classify the following subordinate clause(s): ο«τι αυ τοὶ κληρονοµη' σουσιν τὴν γη^ν Function(s): Classify the above sentence in Matt. 5:5: Function: Translate the above sentence in Matt. 5:5 by the dynamic-equivalent method: ************************************************************ Parse the following: µακα' ριοι οι πεινω^ ντες διψω^ ντες τὴν δικαιοσυ' νην αυ τοὶ χορτασθη' σονται Classify the following subordinate clause(s): Page 3

ο«τι αυ τοὶ χορτασθη' σονται Function(s): Classify the above sentence in Matt. 5:6: Function: Translate the above sentence in Matt. 5:6 by the dynamic-equivalent method: ************************************************************ Parse the following: µακα' ριοι οι ε λεη' µονες αυ τοὶ ε λεηθη' σονται Classify the following subordinate clause(s): ο«τι αυ τοὶ ε λεηθη' σονται Function(s): Classify the above sentence in Matt. 5:7: Function: Translate the above sentence in Matt. 5:7 by the dynamic-equivalent method: ************************************************************ Page 4

Parse the following: µακα' ριοι οι καθαροὶ τη,^ καρδι'α, αυ τοὶ τὸν θεὸν ο»ψονται Classify the following subordinate clause(s): ο«τι αυ τοὶ τὸν θεὸν ο»ψονται Function(s): Classify the above sentence in Matt. 5:8: Function: Translate the above sentence in Matt. 5:8 by the dynamic-equivalent method: ************************************************************ Parse the following: µακα' ριοι οι ει ρηνοποιοι' αυ τοὶ υι οὶ θεου^ κληθη' σονται Page 5

Classify the following subordinate clause(s): ο«τι αυ τοὶ υι οὶ θεου^ κληθη' σονται Function(s): Classify the above sentence in Matt. 5:9: Function: Translate the above sentence in Matt. 5:9 by the dynamic-equivalent method: ************************************************************ Parse the following: µακα' ριοι οι δεδιωγµε'νοι ε«νεκεν δικαιοσυ' νης αυ τω^ ν ε στιν η βασιλει'α τω^ ν ου ρανω^ ν Classify the following subordinate clause(s): ο«τι αυ τω^ ν ε στιν η βασιλει'α τω^ ν ου ρανω^ ν Function(s): Classify the above sentence in Matt. 5:10: Page 6

Function: Translate the above sentence in Matt. 5:10 by the dynamic-equivalent method: ************************************************************ Parse the following: µακα' ριοι' ε στε ο νειδι'σωσιν υ µα^ς διω' ξωσιν ει»πωσιν πα^ν πονηρὸν καθ υ µω^ ν ψευδο' µενοι ε«νεκεν ε µου^ χαι'ρετε α γαλλια^σθε ο µισθὸς υ µω^ ν πολὺς ε ν τοι^ς ου ρανοι^ς Page 7

ου«τως ε δι'ωξαν τοὺς προφη' τας τοὺς πρὸ υ µω^ ν Classify the following subordinate clause(s): ο«ταν ο νειδι'σωσιν υ µα^ς διω' ξωσιν ει»πωσιν πα^ν πονηρὸν καθ υ µω^ ν ψευδο' µενοι ε«νεκεν ε µου^ Function(s): ο«τι ο µισθὸς υ µω^ ν πολὺς ε ν τοι^ς ου ρανοι^ς Function(s): TEXTUAL VARIANTS: PASSAGE: 5:4-5 APPARATUS USED: UBS 3rd CLASSIFICATION OF WITNESSES Variant Alexandrian Western Unclassified Byzantine Readings (Aland I-II) (Aland IV) (Aland III) (Aland V) Page 8

EVALUATION OF EXTERNAL EVIDENCE 1. Date. 2. Geographical Distribution. 3. Textual Relationships. Summary of the External Evidence Page 9

EVALUATION OF THE INTERNAL EVIDENCE 1. Transcriptional Probabilities, i.e. what scribes likely did when copying the N.T. (1) Shorter/Longer Reading. (2) Reading Different from Parallel. (3) More Difficult Reading. (4) Reading Which Best Explains Origin of Other(s). 2. Intrinsic Probablities, i.e. what the author himself likely wrote. Summary of Internal Evidence Page 10

CONCLUSION Page 11

BLOCK DIAGRAM: (1) 5.3 Μακα'ριοι ----- οι πτωχοὶ τω,^ πνευ'µατι, ο«τι αυ τω^ν ε στιν η βασιλει'α τω^ν ου ρανω^ν. (2) 5.4 µακα'ριοι ----- οι πενθου^ντες, ο«τι αυ τοὶ παρακληθη'σονται. (3) 5.5 µακα'ριοι ----- οι πραει^ς, ο«τι αυ τοὶ κληρονοµη'σουσιν τὴν γη^ν. (4) 5.6 µακα'ριοι ----- οι πεινω^ντες διψω^ντες τὴν δικαιοσυ'νην, ο«τι αυ τοὶ χορτασθη'σονται. (5) 5.7 µακα'ριοι ----- οι ε λεη'µονες, ο«τι αυ τοὶ ε λεηθη'σονται. (6) 5.8 µακα'ριοι ----- οι καθαροὶ τη,^ καρδι'α,, ο«τι αυ τοὶ τὸν θεὸν ο»ψονται. (7) 5.9 µακα'ριοι ----- οι ει ρηνοποιοι', ο«τι αυ τοὶ υι οὶ θεου^ κληθη'σονται. (8) 5.10 µακα'ριοι ----- οι δεδιωγµε'νοι ε«νεκεν δικαιοσυ'νης, ο«τι αυ τω^ν ε στιν η βασιλει'α τω^ν ου ρανω^ν. (9) 5.11 µακα'ριοι' ε στε ο«ταν ο νειδι'σωσιν υ µα^ς διω'ξωσιν ει»πωσιν πα^ν πονηρὸν καθ υ µω^ν ψευδο'µενοι ε«νεκεν ε µου^ (10)5.12 χαι'ρετε (11) α γαλλια^σθε, ο«τι ο µισθὸς υ µω^ν πολὺς ----- ε ν τοι^ς ου ρανοι^ς γὰρ ου«τως (12) ε δι'ωξαν τοὺς προφη'τας τοὺς πρὸ υ µω^ν. SEMANTIC DIAGRAM: Page 12

Complete the following literary analysis: Semantic Diagram: Conne- Sent Verb Analysis: Other ective Func Tense: Pers: Num: Subject: Links: (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) Summarize findings, i.e., possible literary patterns, poetical structures et al.: EXEGETICAL ISSUES: 1. Summarize the issues related to the literary form of the beatitude as discussed in Guelich, 61-66. Classical Greek beatitude: Page 13

Old Testament beatitude: Intertestamental Jewish beatitude: 2. Identify the nature of the contrast of life situation inherent in the beatitude form. 3. Compare and contrast the two beatitude forms in Matt. 5:3-12. Page 14

4. Summarize the role of Isa. 61:1-3 in the beatitudes of Matt. 5:3-12. (1) 61.1 Πνευ^µα κυρι'ου ε π ε µε', ου ει«νεκεν ε»χρισε'ν µε ευ αγγελι'σασθαι πτωχοι^ς (2) α πε'σταλκε'ν µε ι α'σασθαι τοὺς συντετριµµε'νους τη,^ καρδι'α,, κηρυ'ξαι αι χµαλω'τοις α»φεσιν τυφλοι^ς α να'βλεψιν, 61.2 καλε'σαι ε νιαυτὸν κυρι'ου δεκτὸν η µε'ραν α νταποδο'σεως, παρακαλε'σαι πα'νταβ τοὺς πενθου^ντας, 61.3 δοθη^ναι τοι^ς πενθου^σιν Σιων δο'ξαν α ντὶ σποδου^, ------- α»λειµµα ευ φροσυ'νης τοι^ς πενθου^σιν, ------- καταστολὴν δο'ξης α ντὶ πνευ'µατος α κηδι'ας (3) κληθη'σονται γενεαὶ δικαιοσυ'νης, φυ'τευµα κυρι'ου, ει ς δο'ξαν. 5. Identify the literary role of the beatitudes in the Sermon on the Mount. Use Appendices Eight and Nine. Page 15

6. Summarize the interpretative and translational issues connected with µακα'ριοι in each of the beatitudes. Compare several translations and commentaries. 7. Compare Luke 6:20-26 to Matt. 5:3-12. First in the left margin complete a semantic diagram of Luke 6:20b-26; next link points of similarity between Matthew and Luke; finally, summarize the differences between them. See Appendix Eighteen. 6.20 ε πα'ρας τοὺς ο φθα'λµους αυ του^ ει ς τοὺς µαθητὰς αυ του^ (Α) αυ τὸς ε»λεγεν, (1) Μακα'ριοι οι πτωχοι', ο«τι υ µετε'ρα ε στιν η βασιλει'α του^ θεου^. (2)6.21 µακα'ριοι οι πεινω^ντες νυ^ν, ο«τι χορτασθη'σεσθε. (3) µακα'ριοι οι κλαι'οντες νυ^ν, ο«τι γελα'σετε. (4)6.22 µακα'ριοι ε στε ο«ταν µιση'σωσιν υ µα^ς οι α»νθρωποι ο«ταν α φορι'σωσιν υ µα^ς ο νειδι'σωσιν ε κβα'λωσιν τὸ ο»νοµα υ µω^ν ω ς πονηρὸν ε«νεκα του^ υι ου^ του^ α νθρω'που (5)6.23 χα'ρητε ε ν ε κει^νη, τη,^ η µε'ρα, (6) σκιρτη'σατε γὰρ ι δου^ (7) ο µισθὸς υ µω^ν πολὺς ---- ε ν τω,^ ου ρανω,^ γὰρ κατὰ τὰ αυ τὰ (8) ε ποι'ουν τοι^ς προφη'ταις οι πατε'ρες αυ τω^ν. Page 16

6.24 πλὴν (9) ου αὶ υ µι^ν, τοι^ς πλουσι'οις, ο«τι α πε'χετε τὴν παρα'κλησιν υ µω^ν. (10)6.25 ου αὶ υ µι^ν, οι ε µπεπλησµε'νοι νυ^ν, ο«τι πεινα'σετε. (11) ου αὶ ----, οι γελω^ντες νυ^ν, ο«τι πενθη'σετε κλαυ'σετε. (12)6.26 ου αὶ ----, ο«ταν υ µα^ς καλω^ς ει»πωσιν πα'ντες οι α»νθρωποι γὰρ κατὰ τὰ αυ τὰ (13) ε ποι'ουν τοι^ς ψευδοπροφη'ταις οι πατε'ρες αυ τω^ν. Matthew: Luke: (1) (1) (2) (2) (3) (3) (4) (4) (5) (5) (6) (6) (7) (7) (8) (8) (9) (9) (10) (10) (11) (11) (12) (12) (13) Summarize the differences: Page 17

8. Identify the interpretative issues connected with the following beatitude subjects. 5.3 οι πτωχοὶ τω,^ πνευ'µατι: 5.4 οι πενθου^ντες: 5.5. οι πραει^ς: 5.6 οι πεινω^ντες διψω^ντες τὴν δικαιοσυ'νην: 5.7 οι ε λεη'µονες: 5.8 οι καθαροὶ τη,^ καρδι'α,: 5.9 οι ει ρηνοποιοι': Page 18

5.10 οι δεδιωγµε'νοι ε«νεκεν δικαιοσυ'νης: 9. Identify the interpretative issues connected with the following beatitude ο«τι clause statements. 5.3,10 ο«τι αυ τω^ν ε στιν η βασιλει'α τω^ν ου ρανω^ν: 5.4 ο«τι αυ τοὶ παρακληθη'σονται: 5.5 ο«τι αυ τοὶ κληρονοµη'σουσιν τὴν γη^ν: 5.6 ο«τι αυ τοὶ χορτασθη'σονται: 5.7 ο«τι αυ τοὶ ε λεηθη'σονται: 5.8 ο«τι αυ τοὶ τὸν θεὸν ο»ψονται: 5.9 ο«τι αυ τοὶ υι οὶ θεου^ κληθη'σονται: Page 19

5.12 ο«τι ο µισθὸς υ µω^ν πολὺς ε ν τοι^ς ου ρανοι^ς: EXEGETICAL OUTLINE: Complete the following outline according to the guidelines in Appendix Five: I. (1) II. (2) III. (3) IV. (4) V. (5) VI. (6) VII. (7) VIII.(8-12) A. (8) B. (9-12) 1. (9) 2. (10-12) a) (10-11) (1) (10) (2) (11) b) (12) Page 20