Gibberella fujikuroi PCR Gibberella G. intermedia moniliformis G. fujikuroi G. moniliformis intermedia G. moniliformis intermedia GFmat1b GFmat1a

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(-), مطالعه وضعيت باروري جنسي وتعيين فراواني آللهاي تيپ آميزشي در جمعيتهاي آميزشي A و D از گونه مركب Gibberella fujikuroi بدست آمده از برنج و ذرت به كمك PCR 4 3 2 1 الهام محمديان محمد جوان نيكخواه * سيد محمود اخوت و كيوان غضنفري (// : -// : ) چكيده Gibberella G. intermedia moniliformis G. fujikuroi G. G. moniliformis G.. intermedia G. moniliformis intermedia. GFmat1b GFmat1a multiplex PCR Gfmat2d Gfmat2c G. moniliformis. ( ) MAT-1 ( ) ( ) G. intermedia.. ( ) MAT-1 G. intermedia ( ) MAT-1 ( ).. ().. MAT-1 G. intermedia G. moniliformis. واژههاي كليدي:. E-mail: jnikkhah@ut.ac.ir - : : *

...(Leslie & Klein, 1996). MAT-1 MAT.(Wallace & Covert, 2000) ) ( ( ).(Leslie & Klein, 1996). (2000) Steenkamp et al. multiplex PCR MAT-1 MAT-1. α. (Urashima et al., 11.Mating types 12. Dimictic 13. Idiomorph 14. Tester 15. HMG (High Mobility Group).1993) مقدمه Gibberella fujikuroi (Sawada) Ito &.Kimura Gibberella.(Desjardins, 2003) (Leslie I A G. moniliformis Wineland.et al., 2004) Fusarium verticillioides (Saccardo) G. A Nirenberg intermedia (Kuhlman) Samuels, Nirenberg & F. proliferatum Seifert (Matsushima) Nirenberg.(Desjardins, 2003; Leslie et al., 2004) D.(Danielsen, et al., 1998; Lesli & Kelin, 1996) (Klittich &.Leslie, 1988; Pamphile & Azevedo, 2002) G. fujikuroi 1. Species complex 2. Heterothall 3. Teleomorph 4. Mating population 5. Anamorph 6. Bakanae 7. Parasexualism 8. Mutation 9. Meiotic 10. Genotypes.(Dayakar et al., 2000)

... : C.. /-/.. - -.().. -. - G. fujikuroi D A G. moniliformis MAT-1 A 8559 G. moniliformis A 8560 G. intermedia MAT-1 D 8549 G. intermedia D 8550 multiplex PCR. ( ) 2. Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) 3. Tween 60 4. Cool white 5. Near-UV. (G. moniliformis) A (G. intermedia) D G. fujikuroi. مواد و روشها. G. intermedia G. moniliformis multiplex PCR G. moniliformis G. intermedia G. intermedia. G. moniliformis. (Leslie & Klein,.1996).() ) (. 1. Carrot agar

DNA (B & L system) Gel Documentation. : MWG-Biotech GFMAT1a: (5 -GTTCATCAAAGGGCAAGCG-3 ) GFMAT1b: (5 -TAAGCGCCCTCTTAACGCCTTC-3 ) GfMAT2c: (5 -AGCGTCATTATTCGATCAAG-3 ) GfMAT2d: (5 -CTACGTTGAGAGCTGTACAG-3 GFmat1b GFmat1a MAT-1 DNA Gfmat2d Gfmat2c. C C C C C.. نتايج آزمايشگر ( ).( )..( ).( DNA ) - DNA ph EDTA ). ( (2006) Leslie & Summerell ph. Tric HCl (NaCl / CTAB. -.. - C. /. C -. g g... g. g. DNA -. DNA. / 4. Ethidium Bromide 5. Perithecia 6. Ascospores 1. Potato Dextrose Broth (PDB) 2. Lysis Buffer 3. Cethyltrimethylamonium bromide

... :. () D G. intermedia MTa -.() G. intermedia - MTa G. intermedia ( ) ( ) MAT-1. ( ) ( ) MAT-1. G. moniliformis.. DNA multiplex PCR MAT-1.( ) G. moniliformis G. intermedia. G. moniliformis ( ) ( ) MAT-1 ( ). ( ) MAT-1. G. moniliformis ( ). MAT-1 G. intermedia ( ) ( ). ( ) MAT-1. 1. Ascus

. (Leslie & Klein,.1996). (Leslie & Klein, 1996; Leslie & Summerell,.2006) multiplex PCR G. moniliformis ( ) ( G. intermedia ) MAT-1. A MAT-1.(Chulze et al., 2000) MAT-1. (Leslie, 1995;.Leslie & Summerell, 2006). () D.() MAT-1 - G. intermedia G. moniliformis. Gene Ruler TM DNA Ladder Mix = M بحث G. intermedia G. moniliformis. D (G. intermedia) ) MAT-1 ( ) ( MAT-1..(Abbas Zadeh et al., 2007) MAT-1.(Danielsen et al., 1998) MAT-1 G. moniliformis. (MAT).

... :. (Kerenyi et al., 1996; Fusarium oxysporum سپاسگزاري.Steenkamp et al., 2000).. G. intermedia G. moniliformis.(chulze et al., 2000) G. fujikuroi. (Huss et al., 1996) REFERENCES 1. Abbas Zadeh, M., Javan-Nikkhah, M., Padasht Dehkai, F. & Mousanejad, S. (2007). Sexual fertility and mating types of Gibberella fujikuroi species complex, the cause of bakanae disease and foot rot in Guilan province, Iran. Iranian Journal of Agricultural Science, 38, 685-692. (In Farsi). 2. Chulze, S. N., L. Ramirez, M., Torres, A. & Leslie, J. F. (2000). Genetic variation in Fusarium sectiom Liseola from no-till maize in Argentina. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 66, 5312-5315. 3. Danielsen, S., Meyer, U. M. & Jensen, D. F. (1998). Genetic characteristics of Fusarium verticillioides isolates from maize in Costa Rica. Plant Pathology, 47, 615-622. 4. Dayakar, B. V., Narayanan, N. N. & Gnanamanickam, S. S. (2000). Cross-compatibility and distribution of mating type alleles of the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe grisea in India. Plant Disease, 84, 700-704. 5. Desjardins, A. E. (2003). Gibberella from A (venaceae) to Z (eae). Annual Review of Phytopathology, 41, 177-198. 6. Huss, M. J., Campbell, C. L., Jennings, D. B. & Leslie, J. F. (1996). Isozyme variation among biological species in the Gibberella fujikuroi species complex (Fusarium saction Liseola). Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 62, 3750-3756. 7. Kerenyi, Z., Zeller, K., Hornok, L. & Leslie, J. F. (1999). Molecular standardization of mating type terminology in the Gibberella fujikuroi species complex. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 65, 4071-4076. 8. Klittich, C. J. R. & Leslie, J. F. (1988). Nitrate reduction mutants of Fusarium moniliform (Gibberella fujikuroi). Genetics, 118, 417-423. 9. Leslie, J. F. (1995). Gibberella fujikuroi: available populations and variable traits. Canadian Journal of Botany, 73 (Suppl. 1), S282-S291. 10. Leslie, J. F. & Klein, K. K. (1996). Female fertility and mating type effects on effective population size and evolution in filamentous fungi. Genetics, 144, 557-567. 11. Leslie, J. F., Zeller, K. A., Logrieco, A., Mule, G., Moretti, A. & Ritieni, A. (2004). Species diversity of and toxin production by Gibberella fujikuroi species complex strains isolated from native prairie grasses in Kansas. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 70, 2254-2262. 12. Leslie, J. F. & Summerell, B. A. (2006). The Fusarium laboratory manual. Black wellpublishing. Oxford. 13. Moretti, A., Mule, Susca, G. A., Gonzalez- Jean, M. T. & Logrieco, A. (2004). Toxin profile, fertility and AFLP analysis of Fusarium verticillioides from banana fruits. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 110, 601-609. 14. Pamphile, J. A. & Azevedo, J. L. (2002). Molecular characterization of endophytic strains of Fusarium verticillioides (= Fusarium moniliforme) from maize (Zea mays. L). World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 18, 391-396.

15. Steenkamp, E. T., Wingfield, B. D., Coutinho, T. A., Zeller, K. A., Wingfield, M. J., Marasas, W. F. O. & Leslie, J. F. (2000). PCR-based identification of MAT-1 and in the Gibberella fujikuroi species complex. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 66, 4378-4382. 16. Urashima, A. S., Igarashi, S. & Kato, H. (1993). Host range, mating type, fertility of Pyricularia grisea from wheat in Brazil. Plant Disease, 77, 1211-1216. 17. Wallace, M. M. & Covert, S. F. (2000). Molecular mating type assay for Fusarium circinatum. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 66, 5506-5508.