Reading Passages Assignment 1. Read the passages aloud in Greek. 2. Vocabulary and commentary is provided for each passage. For words that do not appear in the vocabulary, please use your dictionary. 3. Translate the passages. As you translate the sentences, pay careful attention to words that go together, such as prepositional phrases and relative clauses. Breaking the sentences up into logical units is oftentimes a better first approach than attempting to translate all the words in succession. Biblical Reading 1. Jesus gives an analogy for the gifts of the Father: ἢ τίς ἐστιν ἐξ ὑµῶν ἄνθρωπος, ὃν αἰτήσει ὁ υἱὸς αὐτοῦ ἄρτον µὴ λίθον ἐπιδώσει αὐτῷ; ἢ καὶ ἰχθὺν αἰτήσει µὴ ὄφιν ἐπιδώσει αὐτῷ; ἄνθρωπος (nom. sg.) ὁ person ἄρτον (acc. sg.) ὁ bread ἐπιδίδωµι give to ἰχθὺν (acc. sg.) ὁ fish λίθον (acc. sg.) ὁ stone ὄφιν (acc. sg.) ἡ snake υἱὸς (nom. sg.) ὁ son ὑµῶν (gen. pl.) y all Mt. 7:9-10 2. After foretelling the destruction of the Temple in Jerusalem, Jesus gives a warning about the future. Many will come in my name (πολλοὶ γὰρ ἐλεύσονται ἐπὶ τῷ ὀνόµατί µου), saying Ἐγώ εἰµι ὁ Χριστός, καὶ πολλοὺς πλανήσουσιν. µελλήσετε δὲ ἀκούειν πολέµους καὶ ἀκοὰς πολέµων. ἀκοὰς (acc. pl.) ἡ rumor ἐγώ (nom. sg.) I πλανάω, -ήσω lead astray, mislead πολέµων, πολέµους (gen. and acc. pl.) ὁ war πολλοὺς (acc. pl.) ὁ many Χριστός (nom. sg.) ὁ anointed Mt. 24:5-6 3. Gabriel foretells John the Baptist to the priest Zechariah: καὶ ἡ γυνή σου Ἐλισάβετ γεννήσει υἱόν σοι, καὶ καλέσεις τὸ ὄνοµα αὐτοῦ Ἰωάννην.
γεννάω, -ήσω beget, bring forth, bear γυνή (nom. sg.) ἡ wife, woman σου (gen. sg.) σοι (dat. sg.) you υἱόν (acc. sg.) ὁ son Lk. 1:13 4. Jesus initially refuses his brothers call to appear at the Feast of the Tabernacles: λέγει οὖν αὐτοῖς ὁ Ἰησοῦς, Ὁ καιρὸς ὁ ἐµὸς οὔπω πάρεστιν, ὁ δὲ καιρὸς ὁ ὑµέτερος πάντοτέ ἐστιν ἕτοιµος. οὐ δύναται ὁ κόσµος µισεῖν ὑµᾶς, ἐµὲ δὲ µισεῖ, ὅτι ἐγὼ µαρτυρῶ περὶ αὐτοῦ ὅτι τὰ ἔργα αὐτοῦ πονηρά ἐστιν. δύναται (3 rd sg. pres. indic. mid.) can, be able to ἐµὲ (acc. sg.) me ἐµὸς (nom. sg.) ὁ my ἔργα (nom./acc. pl.) τό work, deed ἕτοιµος (nom. sg.) ὁ ready Ἰησοῦς (nom. sg.) ὁ Jesus καιρὸς (nom. sg.) ὁ the (right) time κόσµος (nom. sg.) ὁ world µαρτυρέω bear witness οὔπω not yet πάντοτε all the time πονηρά (nom./acc. pl.) τό wicked ὑµᾶς (acc. pl.) y all ὑµέτερος (nom. sg.) ὁ y all s Jn. 7:6-7 Notes: Translate Ὁ καιρὸς ὁ ἐµὸς as though it reads Ὁ ἐµὸς καιρὸς, and ὁ δὲ καιρὸς ὁ ὑµέτερος as though it reads ὁ δὲ ὑµέτερος καιρὸς. The antecedent of αὐτοῦ in the ὅτι clause is κόσµος. 5. Jesus has been speaking of himself as a good shepherd: διὰ τοῦτό µε ὁ πατὴρ ἀγαπᾷ ὅτι ἐγὼ τίθηµι τὴν ψυχήν µου, ἵνα πάλιν λάβω αὐτήν. οὐδεὶς αἴρει αὐτὴν ἀπ ἐµοῦ, ἀλλ ἐγὼ τίθηµι αὐτὴν ἀπ ἐµαυτοῦ. ἐγώ (nom. sg.) I ἐµαυτοῦ (gen. sg.) myself ἐµοῦ (gen. sg.) me ἵνα so that λάβω (aorist subjunctive) < λαµβάνω mood required by purpose construction but does not affect meaning; I can take µε (acc. sg.) µου (gen. sg.) me οὐδείς ένος ὁ no one πάλιν back, again πατὴρ, πατρός ὁ father - 2 -
τοῦτο (nom./acc. sg.) τό this ψυχήν (acc. sg.) ἡ soul, life Jn. 10:17-18 6. From Jesus farewell to his disciples: ἔτι µικρὸν καὶ ὁ κόσµος µε οὐκέτι θεωρεῖ, ὑµεῖς δὲ θεωρεῖτέ µε, ὅτι ἐγὼ ζῶ καὶ ὑµεῖς ζήσετε. ἔτι still κόσµος (nom. sg.) ὁ world µε (acc. sg.) me µικρὸν (adv.) a little οὐκέτι no longer ὑµεῖς (nom. pl.) y all Jn. 14:19 7. From the sentencing of Jesus: λέγει αὐτοῖς ὁ Πιλᾶτος, Τὸν βασιλέα ὑµῶν σταυρώσω; ἀπεκρίθησαν οἱ ἀρχιερεῖς, Οὐκ ἔχοµεν βασιλέα εἰ µὴ Καίσαρα. ἀπεκρίθησαν (3 rd pl.) answered ἀρχιερεῖς (nom. pl.) ὁ high priests βασιλέα (acc. sg.) ὁ king ἔχω have Καῖσαρ ρος ὁ Caesar σταυρόω crucify ὑµῶν (gen. pl.) y all s Jn. 19:15 Note: In translating the εἰ clause, supply the verb ἔχοµεν, which is understood from the previous clause. 8. In discussion of the internal conflict between spirit and flesh, Paul says, οὐ γὰρ ὃ θέλω τοῦτο πράσσω, ἀλλ ὃ µισῶ τοῦτο ποιῶ. εἰ δὲ ὃ οὐ θέλω τοῦτο ποιῶ, σύµφηµι τῷ νόµῳ ὅτι καλός. καλός (nom. sg.) ὁ beautiful, good + ἐστι (understood as repeated from previous verse) νόµῳ (dat. sg.) ὁ law σύµφηµι agree with (+ dat.) τοῦτο (nom./acc. sg.) τό this Rom 7:15-16 Notes: - 3 -
There are three relative clauses in this sentence. In each, the antecedent of the relative pronoun ὄ, is τοῦτο. In the ὅτι καλός clause, supply ἐστι, which is understood from the previous clause. καλός is an adjective describing the law. 9. Paul emphasizes equality even as some Christians differ in certain practices: οὐδεὶς γὰρ ἡµῶν ἑαυτῷ ζῇ, καὶ οὐδεὶς ἑαυτῷ ἀποθνῄσκει ἐάν τε γὰρ ζῶµεν, τῷ κυρίῳ ζῶµεν. ἑαυτῷ (dat. sg.) himself ἐάν ~ εἰ ἡµῶν (gen. pl.) our, of us κυρίου (gen. sg.) κυρίῳ (dat. sg.) ὁ Lord οὐδείς ένος ὁ no one Ro. 14:7-8 10. Addressing a troubled church, Paul offers his service in terms of completing the goal of Christ s suffering: νῦν χαίρω ἐν τοῖς παθήµασιν ὑπὲρ ὑµῶν, καὶ ἀνταναπληρῶ τὰ ὑστερήµατα τῶν θλίψεων τοῦ Χριστοῦ ἐν τῇ σαρκί µου ὑπὲρ τοῦ σώµατος αὐτοῦ, ὅ ἐστιν ἡ ἐκκλησία,... ἀνταναπληρόω fill up in place ἐκκλησία (nom. sg.) ἡ church θλίψεων (gen. pl.) ἡ distress, affliction µοῦ (gen. sg.) me νῦν now πάθηµα µατος τό suffering σάρξ σαρκός ἡ flesh ὑµῶν (gen. pl.) y all ὑστέρηµα µατος τό lack Χριστοῦ (gen. sg.) ὁ Christ Col. 1:24 11. From the description of the plague of locusts: καὶ ἐν ταῖς ἡµέραις ἐκείναις ζητήσουσιν οἱ ἄνθρωποι τὸν θάνατον καὶ οὐ µὴ εὑρήσουσιν αὐτόν, καὶ ἐπιθυµήσουσιν ἀποθανεῖν καὶ φεύγει ὁ θάνατος ἀπ αὐτῶν. ἄνθρωπος (nom. sg.) ὁ person ἀποθανεῖν (aorist inf. act.) die ἐπιθυµέω desire for, want to ἡµέραις (dat. pl.) ἡ days θάνατος (nom. sg.) θάνατον (acc. sg.) ὁ death φεύγω flee Rev 9:6-4 -
12. From the prophecies of Ezekiel: The Lord declares some of his future intentions for Israel: (17.) καὶ ὑµεῖς, πρόβατα, τάδε λέγει κύριος κύριος Ἰδοὺ ἐγὼ διακρινῶ ἀνὰ µέσον προβάτου καὶ προβάτου, κριῶν καὶ τράγων... (20.) διὰ τοῦτο τάδε λέγει κύριος κύριος Ἰδοὺ ἐγὼ διακρινῶ ἀνὰ µέσον προβάτου ἰσχυροῦ καὶ ἀνὰ µέσον προβάτου ἀσθενοῦς.... (22.) καὶ σώσω τὰ πρόβατά µου,... καὶ κρινῶ ἀνὰ µέσον κριοῦ πρὸς κριόν. (23.) καὶ ἀναστήσω ἐπ αὐτοὺς ποιµένα ἕνα καὶ ποιµανεῖ αὐτούς, τὸν δοῦλόν µου Δαυιδ, καὶ ἔσται αὐτῶν ποιµήν (24.) καὶ ἐγὼ κύριος ἔσοµαι αὐτοῖς εἰς θεόν,καὶ Δαυιδ ἐν µέσῳ αὐτῶν ἄρχων ἐγὼ κύριος ἐλάλησα. (25.) καὶ διαθήσοµαι τῷ Δαυιδ διαθήκην εἰρήνης καὶ ἀφανιῶ θηρία πονηρὰ ἀπὸ τῆς γῆς, καὶ κατοικήσουσιν ἐν τῇ ἐρήµῳ καὶ ὑπνώσουσιν ἐν τοῖς δρυµοῖς. (26.) καὶ δώσω αὐτοὺς περικύκλῳ τοῦ ὄρους µου καὶ δώσω τὸν ὑετὸν ὑµῖν, ὑετὸν εὐλογίας. (27.) καὶ τὰ ξύλα τὰ ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ δώσει τὸν καρπὸν αὐτῶν, καὶ ἡ γῆ δώσει τὴν ἰσχὺν αὐτῆς, καὶ κατοικήσουσιν ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς αὐτῶν ἐν ἐλπίδι εἰρήνης,... (28.)...καὶ κατοικήσουσιν ἐν ἐλπίδι,... (29.) καὶ ἀναστήσω αὐτοῖς φυτὸν εἰρήνης,... (30.) καὶ γνώσονται ὅτι ἐγώ εἰµι κύριος ὁ θεὸς αὐτῶν,... λέγει κύριος. (31.) πρόβατά µου καὶ πρόβατα ποιµνίου µού ἐστε, καὶ ἐγὼ κύριος ὁ θεὸς ὑµῶν, λέγει κύριος κύριος. ἀνὰ µέσον between ἀνίστηµι ήσω stand up, appoint ἀσθενοῦς (gen sg) τό weak ἀφανίζω -ιῶ banish γῆ (nom sg) γῆς (gen sg) ἡ earth, land γνώσονται (3rd pl) will know διαθήκην (acc sg) ἡ covenant διαθήσοµαι (1st sg) will arrange διακρινέω κρινῶ judge δοῦλον (acc sg) ὁ slave δρυµοῖς (dat pl) ὁ forest ἐγώ (nom sg) I εἰρήνης (gen sg) ἡ peace ἐλάλησα (1st sg) spoke ἕνα (acc sg) ὁ one ἐρήµῳ (dat sg) ὁ desert ἔσοµαι (1st sg) ἔσται (3rd sg) will be - 5 -
εὐλογίας (gen sg) ἡ blessing θεόν (acc sg) ὁ god θηρία (nom/acc pl) τό beasts ίδοῦ Look! Behold! ἰσχὺν (acc sg) ἡ strength ἰσχυροῦ (gen sg) τό strong καρπόν (acc sg) ὁ fruit κατοικέω ήσω settle κριοῦ (gen sg) κριόν (acc sg) κριῶν (gen pl) ὁ ram κύριος (nom sg) ὁ lord µέσῳ (dat sg) τό middle µου my ξύλα (nom/acc pl) τό woods ὄρους (gen sg) τό mountain πεδίῳ (dat sg) ὁ plain περικύκλῳ (dat sg) ὁ surrounding area πονηρά (nom/acc pl) τό wicked πρόβατα (nom/acc pl) προβάτου (gen sg) τό sheep ποιµαινέω ήσω shepherd ποιµήν ένος ὁ shepherd ποιµνίου (nom/acc sg) τό flock τοῦτο (nom/acc sg) τό this τράγων (gen pl) ὁ goat ὑετὸν (acc sg) ὁ shower ὑµεῖς (nom pl) ὑµῖν (dat pl) you, y all ὑµῶν your, y all s ὑπνόω ώσω sleep φυτόν (nom/acc sg) τό growth LXX Ezekiel 34:17-31 13. The Lord intends to destroy the city of Sodom for its wickedness, but Abraham haggles. ἐὰν ὦσιν πεντήκοντα δίκαιοι ἐν τῇ πόλει, ἀπολεῖς αὐτούς; οὐκ ἀνήσεις πάντα τὸν τόπον ἕνεκεν τῶν πεντήκοντα δικαίων, ἐὰν ὦσιν ἐν αὐτῇ; Ἐὰν εὕρω ἐν Σοδοµοις πεντήκοντα δικαίους ἐν τῇ πόλει, ἀφήσω πάντα τὸν τόπον δι αὐτούς. ἐὰν δὲ ἐλαττονωθῶσιν οἱ πεντήκοντα δίκαιοι πέντε, ἀπολεῖς ἕνεκεν τῶν πέντε πᾶσαν τὴν πόλιν; Οὐ µὴ ἀπολέσω, ἐὰν εὕρω ἐκεῖ τεσσαράκοντα πέντε. - 6 -
Ἐὰν δὲ εὑρεθῶσιν ἐκεῖ τεσσαράκοντα; Οὐ µὴ ἀπολέσω ἕνεκεν τῶν τεσσαράκοντα. ἐὰν δὲ εὑρεθῶσιν ἐκεῖ τριάκοντα; Οὐ µὴ ἀπολέσω, ἐὰν εὕρω ἐκεῖ τριάκοντα. ἐὰν δὲ εὑρεθῶσιν ἐκεῖ εἴκοσι; Οὐ µὴ ἀπολέσω ἕνεκεν τῶν εἴκοσι. ἐὰν δὲ εὑρεθῶσιν ἐκεῖ δέκα; Οὐ µὴ ἀπολέσω ἕνεκεν τῶν δέκα. ἀνίηµι, ἀνήσω throw up, let go δέκα ten δίκαιοι (nom pl) δικαίων (gen pl) δικαίους (acc pl) ὁ just, righteous ἐάν ~ εἰ εἴκοσι twenty ἐκεῖ there ἐλαττονωθῶσιν (3rd pl) be reduced ἕνεκεν because of εὑρεθῶσιν (3rd pl) be found εὕρω ~ εὑρίσκω find πάντα (acc sg) ὁ entire πᾶσαν (acc sg) ἡ entire πέντε five πεντήκοντα fifty πόλει (dat sg) ἡ city τεσσαράκοντα forty τόπον (acc sg) ὁ place τριάκοντα thirty ὦσιν ~ εἰσιν Selections from LXX Gen 18:24-32. - 7 -
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