Studies on Measuring Method of Respiration Rates of Fruits and Vegetables (Part,)*

Transcript

1 1, - :,/+,0+,*+*, * +, + - * * * * Studes on Mesurng Method of Resprton Rtes of Fruts nd Vegetbles (Prt,)* Identfcton of Error n Resprton Rte nd ondtons Requred for onventonl Formul nd Proposl of Modfed Formul for Flowng System n Stedy Stte +, + - Yoshnor KAWAGE*, Itru STME*, Sech SHITA*, Ysuhs SE* Abstrct In the ventonl formul for flowng system the rte of flow s sdered to be the sme s the nflow. The d# erence s strctly recognzed when resprtory quotent devtes from one. Therefore, modfed formul for flowng system ncludng ethylene ws derved for the gs exchnge mong the commodty, nsde nd sde of resprtory chmber. The error obtned n the resprton rte usng the ventonl formul showed tht t ws dependent on the resprtory quotent, ethylene producton rto, nd flow centrton. A modfed formul n stedy stte, whch ws ndependent of these fctors, s proposed. The dtons of the ventonl formul, whch cn be used, were dentfed. Furthermore, method for determnng the flow rte nd the tme t whch mesurements should be strted ws determned. [Keywords] modfed formul of flowng system n stedy stte, crbon doxde evoluton rte, oxygen uptke rte, resprtory quotent, ethylene producton rte, ethylene producton quotent, flow through system,**-. 0, / TEL *- /2.+ /-0- Grdute School of Agrculturl nd Lfe Scences, The Unversty of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo ++-20/1, Jpn, -*/ 20.,, + +, TEL *,32-22*,3 Ntonl Food Reserch Insttute, Ntonl Agrculture nd Food Reserch rgnzton, Tsukub-sh -*/ 20.,, Jpn -,/, *22* +200 TEL * ollege of Boresource Scences, Nhon Unversty, Fujsw-sh,/, *22*, Jpn orrespondng uthor :kw@ml.ecc.u-tokyo.c.jp

2 , -,*+* I Techvuthporn et l.,,**2 + Kwgoe et l.,,**/ Lee Lee, et l., +33+ Nkno et l.,,**+ Ble nd Shepherd, +3.+ lypool lypool nd Keefer, +3., */. Mtsumoto et l., +3/1 Fonsec *. + et l.,,**, + +*. + Young Young nd Ble, +30, +,/ Fdler Fdler nd North, +301 * +* +/. Wtd Wtd nd Msse, +32+ Inb Inb et l., +323 *.*,* +* +** ppm Sorour nd Uchno,,**. Nkno et l.,,**+ ; Km et l.,,**/ ; l# e-byrnes nd Berne,,**1 ;

3 :, II v P T Pv VM r G + M PPvV r v Fg. + Schemtc model of flowng system GT,1-. +/ There s gs exchnge between the commodty nd ts envronment, nd between the envronment nd the sde of the resprtory + chmber. n F r r re Dt* F d n n rf F v dt R R RE rrm rrm rerem U d n n U * F U FUv dt v n n n n UE + U n F FrrrE Tnk,,**0 Dt F n n n F DtrDtF DtvD n U n d rf v U U dt U,,E E r RrM RrM RErEM,,E

4 , -,*+* U F F F R R r r R r r r re r U EQR R r r RQR R r r Fonsec et l.,,**, + E + EQ RQ + * r E + RQ + EQ + + E + + EQ RQ E RQ n n U n r F EQ RQ + + EQ U E R r M R RQ r M R r M + + EQ E * n F F, RQ hchn nd gt, +311 * *1. RQ+-. r F F Kder nd Sltvet,,**- EQ Kder,**, * EQ**+. F n F F F r n r F RQ R r M R RQ r M R r M RQ E - III n F F F r r r * r r F R R E + RQ RQ R R + RQ R R E E E + E + * E E n n r F r r r E * EQ * RQ n + F F + r RQ + RQ ERQ + +, * RQ + + R E + R E E E E E E n n E E RQ E ERQ E E E RQ

5 :, RQ + E * E * E * RQ RQ + RQ + RQ RQ + RQ + RQ RQ + RQ RQ + :, RQ + + RQ +. R R U, R, R R +.* +* x *. 33/ +* R +.*/ +* x x x *./ E +** / E R x R ++. +*./. E x +**../ R * *./+ E +** */+. EQ E +** *./ / RQ, - */., R R / R, */. / :, EQ RQ + + EQ RQ R :, + *1. RQ +.. * EQ **+. */. lypool RQ, A B E +** :, / */. A B / */. +, +1. b */. / +-.*. Fg., Reltonshp between resprtory quotent nd flow centrton correspondng to ether / or */. of the reltve error by ventonl formul (A) utflow centrton of, nd the reltve error of, evoluton rte (B) utflow centrton of, nd the reltve error of, uptke rte : A reltve error of, evoluton rte s from / to */., nd ts vlue s +1. by Eq. ( +, ). b : A reltve error of, uptke rte s from */. to /, nd ts vlue s.*. by Eq. ( +-).

6 , -,*+* + + EQ - */. / E RQ EQ EQ - RQ EQ / - E +** / */., EQ *.***+ E E n F +** EQ *.*+ EE +** r *,. n, F Fg. - Reltonshp between resprtory quotent nd n n H n flow correspondng to ether U U,. / or n n */. of the reltve error of H producton, UU,. rte by ventonl formul n n UU : EE +** ( )t EQ *.***+,nd EE +** *,. ( ) t EQ **+. by Eq. ( +. ). n n UU, lypool nd Keefer, +3., n n F UU n n */. F Mtsumoto et l., +3/1 F n F n U, - :, n n UU :, RQ,, s, b s n n n +*. +* UU r F :, RQ +., +** +* +**,* EQ * n s Fr +* n s F r +* s s+ RQ ++., EQ RQ *2. RQ *2/. RQ RQ +

7 :, c D lypool lypool nd Keefer, +3., Mtsumoto et l., +3/1 */. *+. +.* Fdler Fdler nd North, +301 */. c D * c D c D +** *./ r r r r n E F r + E n F c n D E * c n n est D *,+. R :, /*,** R n c est mx est D R, R, R :, *1. n c D E RQ RQ +-. * EQ **+. EQ n n est s n est. mn mx mn mx s est est EQ EQ EQ RQ RQ RQ *./ +* R R, s s.*+ F R M * / +*.,0F R M s - r n n c + mn F c + D + mn EQ s- D RQ r mn mn mx mn n n c mx mx F c + D + RQ + EQ R R R. R :, D mx mn R -/. R * * **+. mn mx R R R s- :,. mx R M n c + mn c + D + mn EQ D RQ n mn F R M+* mx R M n c mx mx c + D + RQ + EQ D n mn F R M+*, M R mn EQ mn log EQ c D +** *./ n c F D c D mx mn R -/. R + * *+. / R mn mn +* mn

8 , -,*+* mx D * c mx */. D D * :,, mx c mx N D * D D * D * t F F 0 :,,N F F + r r r F n F r r r n n F F F n :, c mn mx mn D ***/. RQ *1. RQ +-. EQ mx n * EQ *.*+ * F F +.**+0 n F F *,. n * F t F n F F t * t + h 1s n n r F F * + exp t F v U U r * tvf n F F v F ****+. v ****+. ln mx c tm ln n mx D * D F D * D * D * t vf c ln *.***+ D U N t t Dt t Dt *.***, :,, N Dtm*.***+ tmt+ v t D t t ln tln /* F * D * t :,,N *.***+ vf, ln */. n F F. :,, *,. N t D t *.***+ t D * :,,N m Dt *.***+ D * :,, N n n c n c n n D D c n c D D D * n B * :,,N D * mx D * mx c c D * mxb B D B B D c c B D B D U m N N N N N m n + :,,N R R n n E E mx c n m n est mx + n

9 :, Tble + Numercl vlue of the stnt nd vrbles used for smulton (Fg.. Symbol Vlue Symbol Vlue R R RQ EQ M F F F **+. * + * n n *,+. * + *,+. n N *12. N * + *13. est est + +, mmol kg h + +, mmol kg h *, *, **,. *,+. est + N *, *11. est * G J K mol */. kg P / +*+. +* P c *.**/ Pv -,.-. +* P n,mx. n,ve. n,mn. + +*** mmol h + 0** mmol h +,** mmol h T V r,* / L + + kg L +,, re tow sets of ntl centrton. mn est mx mn R :, RQ RQ RQ est mx mn EQ EQ EQ M c n D,** F +***. +, + mmol h +, +, * :,,N + : * * mx D * *.*+/, : * **,. +, c : +** *./ tm n.0. vftm n /*. vf b: n + c, d, e : F mmol h +***,** 0** + Fg.. hnges n, n flow gs of flowng est M, rr M system P T T +** The three flow rtes (mx., ve., mn.) were set Pv V r to two ntl centrtons (# +, #,). # + : * * c. D +** */. #, : * **,. : Mxmum centrton t cceptble df- b c ference +** *./ ( ) b b : Mnmum centrton for preventng cnmum, cellton of sgnfcnt dgts c, d, e : Rnge of tm by Eq. (,/) t the mx- verge, nd mnmum flow, respectvely b * * + b. r n F n n F F * :, * *.*,,. n c D

10 , -,*+* n c * D B : nflow centrton mnus ntl cen- n c * D trton ( ) * *.*,, : gseous volumetrc centrton ( ) n * *,+., D : d# erence wth the centrton of stedy stte ( ) E : reltve error ( ) M M EQ : ethylene producton quotent ( ) n F F + rte of chnge of gseous quntty (mmol h ) + : flow rte (mmol h ) + + : gs stnt (J K mol ) v t M : mss of smple (kg) v P : pressure (P) R : evoluton, uptke, H producton v + + rte (mmol kg h ) V RQ : resprtory quotent ( ) T : temperture ( ) v IV, : Superscrpts + : densty of smple (kg L ) : speces of gs or objects m : strt of mesurement v : vpor + RQ : resprtory quotent - U : optonl gs wth regrd to resprtory metbolsm. * c : cceptble dton + : ventonl formul / 0 1 est : estmted vlue n : nflow mx : mxmum vlue mn : mnmum vlue : flow : modfed formul of flowng system n stedy stte 2 Symbols nd Abbrevtons r : s : ndex determnng the frst dgt of sgnfcnt fgures of centrton ( ) t : tme (h) v : mount of dry gs (mmol) F G V : volume of resprtory chmber (L) r t : tme stnt (h) Subscrpts : mount of dry gs : E : N: N,,,. or evoluton rte,, H or H producton rte,.,., or uptke rte,, References Ble, J.B., Shepherd, A.D., Resprton of ctrus fruts n relton to metbolsm of fung (Prt + ). Amer. J. Botny,,2 (),.,0-,1*. hchn, K., gt, K., Resprtory Metbolsm. gt, K. Ed., An Introducton to Preservton of Fruts nd Vegetbles (Sek Hozo Hnron) (n Jpnese). Kenpkushy, Tokyo, -0. lypool, L.L., Keefer, R.M., +3.,. A colormetrc method for, determnton n resprton studes. Proc. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sc.,.*,

11 :, l# e-byrnes, V., Berne, D.,,**1. E# ects of gs tmosphere tuce. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sc., +-* ( + ), ++0 +,-. nd temperture on the resprton rtes of whole nd Lee, D.S., Hggr, P.E., Lee, J., Ym, K.L., Model for fresh slced mushrooms (grcus bsporus). J. Food Sc., 1, (.), produce resprton n modfed tmospheres bsed on E+31 E,*.. prncples of enzyme knetcs. J. Food Sc., /0 ( 0 ), +/2* Fdler, J.., North,. J., The e# ect of dtons of +/2/. storge on the resprton of pples (Prt + ). J. hort. Sc., Mtsumoto, K., Ngsk, K., Nkmur, R., +3/1. Studes on.,, +23,*0. the resprton of fruts nd vegetbles (Prt + ). Studes Fonsec, S.., lver, F.A.R., Brecht, J.K.,,**,. Modelng from the Insttute of Hortculture, Kyoto Unversty, 2, resprton rte of fresh fruts nd vegetbles for modfed tmosphere pckges : revew. J. Food Eng., Nkno, K., Nkmur, N., Shn, T., Mezw, S.,,**+. A /,, model for resprton rte of young soyben under Inb, A., Kubo, Y., Nkmur, R., Automted mcro- modfed tmospheres. Journl of JSAM, 0- ( 0), computer system for mesurement of, uptke,, Sorour, H., Uchno, T.,,**.. The e# ect of storge dton on put, nd, H. evoluton by frut nd vegetbles. J. the resprton of soyben. Journl of JSAM, 00 ( + ), Jpn. Soc. Hort. Sc., /2 (,), Tnk, S.,,**0. Groundng n Archtecturl Envronmentl Kder, A.A.,,**,. Posthrvest Bology nd Technology : An Engneerng. Tnk, S. Ed., Archtecturl Envronmen- vervew. Kder, A.A. Ed., Posthrvest Technology of tl Engneerng (Thrd Edton) (Kenchku Knkyo Kogku) Hortculturl rops (Thrd Edton). Unversty of l- (n Jpnese). Inoue Shon o., Ltd., Tokyo,.+... forn, lforn,.*.+. Techvuthporn,., Nkno, K., Mezw, S.,,**2. Predcton Kder, A.A., Sltvet, M.E.,,**-. Resprton nd Gs Ex- of scorbc cd tent n broccol usng model equchnge. Brtz, J.A., Brecht, J.K. Ed., Posthrvest Physol- ton of resprton. Posthrvest Bol. Technol.,.1, -1- ogy nd Pthology of Vegetbles (Sed Edton). Mrcel -2+. Dekker, Inc., New York, ++. Wtd, A.E., Msse, D.R., A compct utomtc system Kwgoe, Y., Seo, Y., sht, S.,,**/. Studes on mesurng for mesurng, nd, H. evoluton by hrvested hormethod of resprton rtes of fruts nd vegetbles (Prt tculturl crops. HortScence, +0 ( + ), ). Journl of JSAM, 01 (-), 2* 23. Young, R.E., Ble, J.B., +30,. rbon doxde e# ects on frut Km, J.G., Luo, Y., Sftner, R.A., Gross, K..,,**/. Dely resprton (Prt + ). Plnt Physol., -1,.*3.+/. modfed tmosphere pckgng of fresh-cut romne let- :,**3 2 1 :,*+* 1 -+