Summary of Thermo-Physical Properties of: Sn and Compounds of Sn. Comparison of Properties of Sn, Sn-Li, Li, and Pb-Li

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1 Summary of Thermo-Physical Properties of: Sn and Compounds of Sn Comparison of Properties of Sn, Sn-Li, Li, and Pb-Li S. Sharafat and N. M. Ghoniem University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) Los Angeles, CA , USA APEX Electronic-Meeting UCLA August 24, 2000

2 Recently Published Reports on Sn-Li Coolants 2 Properties are summarized in: S. Sharafat, N. Ghoniem, Summary of Thermo- Physical Properties of Sn, and Compounds of Sn-H, Sn- O, Sn-C, Sn-Li, and Sn-Si, UCLA Report, UCLA- UCMEP-00-31, Aug Thermodynamic assessment of the stability of ceramic materials in Sn-Li is available: S. Sharafat, N. Ghoniem, Thermodynamic Stability Assessment of Oxides, Nitrides, and Carbides in Liquid Sn-25Li, UCLA Report, UCLA-UCMEP-00-32, Aug Both reports are currently posted on the APEX web site (

3 Table of Contents of Property Report 3 Table of Tables...5 Table of Figures Thermo-Physical Properties of Sn Physical Properties of Metallic Tin Specific Volume of Sn Density of Sn Volumetric expansion coefficient (γ) of liquid Sn: Compressibility of Sn Viscosity of liquid Sn Thermal Conductivity of Liquid Sn: Surface Tension of Sn: Vapor Pressure of Sn Boiling Point of Sn Heat of Sublimation (L s ) and Vaporization (L v ): Critical Pressure (p c ), Temperature (T c ), and Volume (V c ) Heat Capacity of Sn Electrical Resistivity (ρ) of liquid Sn Thermodynamic Properties of Sn Enthalpy, Specific Heat, and Entropy of Sn-Vapor Heat of Dissociation, Reaction Enthalpy, and Ionization Potentials of Various Tin-Compounds Thermodynamic data of Sn-Silicates Specific heat (c p ) of Sn-Silicates as a function of temperature The Sn-H System Absorption of Hydrogen H 2 -Adsorption H 2 -Diffusion Coefficient Reduction of Sn by atomic hydrogen The SnH and SnD Molecule Solubility of the gas composition H 2 -CO-CO The Sn-Li System Stability of Li 2 SnO 3 * The Sn-C System... 27

4 Table of Contents of Property Report (cont.) The SnCO 3 Molecule The Sn-Si System Diffusion of Sn in Solid Si and Si in Liquid Sn The Sn-Si Molecule Sn and Oxygen Low Pressure Oxidation Oxidation Mechanism: Solubility of Oxygen in Liquid Sn The SnO-SiO 2 System General Literature on Corrosion of Sn with Metals: Comparison of Thermo-Physical Properties between Sn, Li, and Pb-Li Thermal Conductivity Electrical Resistivity Surface Tension Dynamic Viscosity Vapor Pressure Density Chemical Compatibility of Ceramic Materials with Sn-Li Publications on Liquid Metal - Structural and Insulating Materials Interaction ( ) Publications Relating to Corrosion: Publications Relating to Erosion: Selected Titles on Corrosion and Erosion:.48

5 CLICK TO EDIT MASTER TITLE STYLE 5 Table of Tables Table 1: Stable and Unstable Isotopes of Tin [1]... 7 Table 2: Physical Properties of Tin [1]... 8 Table 3: Thermal Data of Tin [1]... 9 Table 4: Thermodynamic Values of Sn-Vapor Table 5: Heat of Dissociation of Sn-Compounds Table 6: Reaction Enthalpies of Sn-Compounds Table 7: Ionization Potentials of Sn-Compounds Table 8: Thermodynamic Data for Sn-Silicates Table 9: Hydrogen Solubility Table 10: Formation Temperature and Stability of Li 2 SnO 3 * Table of Figures Figure 1: Specific volume of liquid Sn as a function of temperature (after Doge [2]) Figure 2: Density of liquid Sn as a function of temperature Figure 3: Dynamic Viscosity of liquid Sn as a function of temperature Figure 4: Thermal conductivity of liquid Sn as a function of temperature Figure 5: Surface tension of liquid Sn Figure 6: Vapor pressure of Sn as a function of temperature Figure 7: Electrical resistivity of liquid Sn as a function of temperature Figure 8: Comparison of thermal conductivity of liquid Sn, Li, Pb-17Li, and Sn-25Li Figure 9: Electrical resistivity of liquid Sn, Pb-17Li, and Li Figure 10: Comparison of surface tension of liquid coolants Figure 11: Comparison of the dynamic viscosity of liquid coolants Figure 12: Comparison of the vapor pressure of liquid coolants Figure 13: Comparison of the density of liquid coolants Figure 14: Calculated stability of various nitrides, carbides and oxides in liquid Sn-25Li at 773 K

6 COMPARISON OF COOLANT PROPERTIES 6 Thermal Conductivity Thermal Conductivity (W/m-K) Sn Li Sn-25Li Lithium (Ohse 1985) Sn-25Li (estimated) Tin (Dutchak 1968) Pb17Li (Schulz 1991) 10 Pb-17Li Temperature ( o C) References: [1] B. Schulz, Fusion Eng. Design 14 (1991) 199. [2] R. W. Ohse (Ed.) Handbook of Thermodynamic and Transport Properties of Alkali metlas, Inter. Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry Chemical Data Series No. 30. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publ., 1985, pp [3] Ya. I. Dutchak, V. P. Osipenko, P. V. Panasyuk, Izv, Vyssh. Zavedenii, Fiz, 1968, No. 10, p. 154/C, C.A. 70[1969] No

7 COMPARISON OF ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY 7 Electrical Resistivity 1.E-05 Electrical Resistivity (Ω-m) 1.E-06 Pb-17Li Sn Pb-17Li (Schulz 1991) Sn (Davis 1970) Li (Ohse 1985) Li 1.E Temperature (K) References: B. Schulz, Fusion Eng. Design 14 (1991) 199. H. A. Davis, J. S. L. Leach, Phys. Chem. Liquids 2 (1970) 1/12, 5. R. W. Ohse (Ed.) Handbook of Thermodynamic and Transport Properties of Alkali metlas, Inter. Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry Chemical Data Series No. 30. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publ., 1985, pp. 987.

8 COMPARISON OF SURFACE TENSION 8 Surface Tension 0.6 Sn 0.5 Surface Tension (N/m) Li Pb-17Li Sn (Bircumshaw, 1934) Pb-17Li Li (Ohse 1985) Temperature (K) References: L.L. Bircumshaw, Phyl. Mag. 17 No. 7 (1934) 181/91, 186. B. Schulz, Fusion Eng. Design 14 (1991) 199. R. W. Ohse (Ed.) Handbook of Thermodynamic and Transport Properties of Alkali metlas, Inter. Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry Chemical Data Series No. 30. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publ., 1985, pp. 987

9 COMPARISON OF DYNAMIC VISCOSITY 9 Dynamic Viscosity 1.E-02 Dynamic Viscocity (Pa-s) 1.E-03 Pb-17Li Pb-17Li (Schulz 1991) Sn (Rothwell 1962) Li (Ohse 1985) Sn Li 1.E Temperature (K) References: [1] B. Schulz, Fusion Eng. Design 14 (1991) 199. [2] R. W. Ohse (Ed.) Handbook of Thermodynamic and Transport Properties of Alkali metlas, Inter. Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry Chemical Data Series No. 30. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publ., 1985, pp [3] E. Rothwell, J. Inst. Metals 90 (1962) 38/94, 392.

10 COMPARISON OF VAPOR PRESSURE 10 Vapor Pressure 1250 K 1000 K 833 K 1.E+04 1.E+02 Li [BCSS, 1984] Pressure (Pa) 1.E+00 1.E-02 1.E-04 1.E-06 1.E-08 Sn [Kelly, 1935] Li over Sn-Li25 [APEX, 1999] 1.E /T (1/K) References: K. K. Kelly, U.S. Bur. Mines Bull. Nr. 383 (1935) 1/132, 105. M. Abdou, et al., On the Exploration of Innovative Concepts for Fusion Chamber Technology: APEX Interim Report, University of California School of Engineering and Applied Science, UCLA-ENG , Nov M. Abdou, et al., Blanket Comparison and Selection Study Final Report, Argonne National Laboratory Report, ANL/FPP-84-1, Vol. 2.,1984.

11 COMPARISON OF DENSITY 11 Density Pb-17Li 7000 Density (kg/m 3 ) Sn Pb-17Li (Schulz 1991) Sn (Alchagirov 2000) 3000 Li (Ohse 1985) 2000 Li Temperature (K) References: B. Schulz, Fusion Eng. Design 14 (1991) 199. R. W. Ohse (Ed.) Handbook of Thermodynamic and Transport Properties of Alkali metlas, Inter. Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry Chemical Data Series No. 30. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publ., 1985, pp B. B. Alchagirov, A. M. Chochaeva, Temperature dependence of the density of liquid tin, High Temperature 38: (1) 44-48, JAN-FEB 2000.

12 Temperature Composition Limits For Stable Lithium Salt Formation 12 Li 2 C 2 positive activity negative activity Li 3 N 25 at.% Li LiH Limit of formation (ln a i = 0; i = C, N, or H) of Li 2 C 2, Li 3 N, and LiH in Sn-Li from Figs. 9, 11, and 13; the corresponding activities are positive to the left of the curves, which indicates dissolution of salts.

13 Thermodynamic Assessment of Ceramic Stability in Sn-25Li 13 ZrN TiN CeO2 AlN Li2Si2O5 Y2O3 Sc2O3 CaO BN BeO LiAlO2 Al2O3 TaN Si3N4 MgO HfO2 ZrC ZrO2 VN La2O3 Ce2O3 TiC TaC NbC CrN SiC TiO2 LiCrO2 SiO2 B2O3 Cr2O3 NiO Fe2O G r (kj/mol) Estimated r G of selected ceramic materials in solute (O, N, C) saturated liquid Sn-25Li at 773 K.

14 Summary of Ceramic Sn-Li Thermodynamic Compatibility Results 14 The most stable ceramics are nitrides, followed by oxides, and then carbides. Nitrides: = At 500 C all of the considered nitrides are stable. = ZrN is the most stable nitride. Oxides: = The most stable oxides are: Sc 2 O 3 and Y 2 O 3 = Fe2O3, NiO, and Cr2O3 decompose. = All other considered oxides were found to be stable. = TiO2 SiO2 marginally stable. = B2O3 is unstable at Li-fractions above 0.2. Carbides = All carbides including SiC were found to be stable (note: β-sic is unstable in pure Li). = ZrC is the most stable carbide.

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