saqartvelos sajaro moxeleta profesiuli SesaZleblobebis zrda gadawyvetilebis mirebasa da molaparakebebis warmartvis teqnikasi

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2 saqartvelos sajaro moxeleta profesiuli SesaZleblobebis zrda gadawyvetilebis mirebasa da molaparakebebis warmartvis teqnikasi CAPACITY BUILDING OF THE GEORGIAN LEADERSHIP COMMUNITY FOR IMPROVED DECISION MAKING AND NEGOTIATION SKILLS winamdebare gamocemasi warmodgenili politikis dokumentebi Seiqmna proeqtis _ `saqartvelos sajaro moxeleta profesiuli SesaZleblobebis zrda gadawyvetilebis mirebasa da molaparakebebis warmartvis teqnikasi~ _ farglebsi. yvela dokuments Tan axlavs reziume inglisur enaze, sadac mokled aris gadmocemuli ZiriTadi daskvnebi. The Public Policy Paper Series 2011 includes six policy documents developed within the Capacity-Building of the Georgian Leadership Community (CBGL) project. The English-language version of each policy paper summary can be found at the end of the publication. proeqti xorcieldeba SvedeTis saertasoriso ganvitarebis saagentos finansuri mxardawerit The Project is funded by the Swedish International Development Agency

3 samecniero xelmzrvanelebi: Mentors: arcil gegesize vladimer papava aleqsandre rondeli Archil Gegeshidze Vladimer Papava Alexander Rondeli redaqtori: Editor: rusudan margisvili Rusudan Margishvili teqnikuri redaqtori: Technical Editor: artem meliq-nubarovi Artem Melik-Nubarov saavtoro uflebebi daculia da ekutvnis saqartvelos strategiisa da saertasoriso urtiertobebis kvlevis fonds. werilobiti nebartvis garese wignis arc erti nawili ar SeiZleba gadaibewdos nebismieri, mat Soris, eleqtronuli an meqanikuri formit. saqartvelos strategiisa da saertasoriso urtiertobata kvlevis fondi 2011 weli All rights reserved and belong to Georgian Foundation for Strategic and International Studies. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, including electronic and mechanical, without the prior written permission of the publisher Copyright 2011 Georgian Foundation for Strategic and International Studies

4 proeqtis Sesaxeb programa,,saqartvelos sajaro moxeleta profesiuli SesaZleblobebis zrda gadawyvetilebis mirebasa da molaparakebebis warmartvis teqnikasi miznad isaxavs daexmaros saqartvelos mtavrobas martvis sferosi arsebuli problemebis dazlevasi. proeqti itvaliswinebs sasualo rgolis sajaro moxeleta da samoqalaqo sazogadoebis warmomadgenelta CarTvas politikis SemuSavebisa da molaparakebis warmartvis teqnikis dasaxvew praqtikul mecadineobebsi. es mecadineobebi moicavs ara marto Tanamedrove midgomebis danergvas qartul sajaro administraciasa da sajaro politikasi, aramed saxelmwifoebrivi mnisvnelobis sakitxebze sajaro politikis dokumentebis SemuSavebas. proeqti aseve xels Seuwyobs qartvel sajaro moxeletatvis martvis Tanamedrove midgomebis Sesaxeb codnis, praqtikisa da unarebis gacnobas. programas afinansebs SvedeTis saertasoriso ganvitarebis saagento (SIDA) da axorcielebs saqartvelos strategiisa da saertasoriso urtiertobebis kvlevis fondi (GFSIS). am proeqtis farglebsi GFSIS -is ZiriTadi partniorebi arian SvedeTis sajaro administraciis instituti (SIPU International) da estonetis diplomatiis skola (EDK). programa xels uwyobs sajaro mmartvelobis kulturis Camoyalibebas, romelic aris angarisvaldebuli da itvaliswinebs qartuli sazogadoebis sawiroebebs. garda amisa, programa miznad isaxavs gadawyvetilebis mirebis sferosi qartuli mmartvelobis SesaZleblobebis gazlierebas, rom gadawyvetilebis mirebis procesi gaxdes ufro gamwvirvale da iyos moqnili garemoebata cvlilebis Sesabamisad. programa aseve moicavs saqartvelos saxelmwifo seqtorebsa da organizaciebs Soris TanamSromlobis gaumjobesebas da saxelmwifo moxeleta SesaZleblobebis gazrdas, rata saqartvelo uket warmocndes saertasoriso doneze sxva saxelmwifoebtan Tu saertasoriso organizaciebtan urtiertobisas. programa xorcieldeba otxi wlis manzilze ( ww.) da Sedgeba Semdegi otxi komponentisgan: sajaro moxeleta profesiuli momzadeba politikis analizisa da molaparakebebis teqnikasi. konkursis gzit SerCeul qartvel sajaro moxeleebs qartveli, estoneli da Svedi eqspertebi eqvsi Tvis ganmavlobasi Cautareben mecadineobas sajaro politikis analizisa da molaparakebis teqnikis Sesaswavlad. amastan, monawileebi SeimuSaveben politikis dokuments qveynisatvis aqtualur sakitxebze. am processi mat uxelmzrvaneleben GFSISis eqspertebi. politikis dokumentebis dasrulebis Semdeg moxdeba mati sajaro ganxilva da xuti sauketeso nasromi gamoicema. programis am komponents daasrulebs saswavlogacnobiti viziti estonetsi. programis farglebsi swavlebis kurss gaivlis sajaro moxeleta xuti jgufi/nakadi. TiToeul jgufsi iqneba daaxloebit ocdaxuti monawile. trenerta momzadebis (ToT) komponentis farglebsi qartveli specialistebi qartul enaze SeimuSaveben saswavlo programebsa da saswavlo masalebs sajaro administraciis, molaparakebis teqnikis, genderisa da mravalferovnebis, xarjtsargeblianobis, proeqtis martvisa da Sefasebis sferoebsi. dagegmilia programis bolo ori nakadistvis swavlebis qartul enaze Catareba. adamianuri resursebis martvis komponenti moicavs qartul sajaro samsaxursi adamianuri resursebis martvasi CarTul profesionalta Soris Tanamedrove praqtikis danergvis xelsewyobas. am komponentis meore amocanaa adamianuri resursebis martvis sferosi maralkvalificiuri swavlebisatvis adgilobrivi SesaZleblobebis gazrda. sajaro politikis qseli miznad isaxavs sajaro politikis sferosi samtavrobo struqturebis warmomadgenlebsa da samoqalaqo sazogadoebas Soris aqtiur TanamSromlobas da informaciis gaziarebas proeqtis vebgverdis Seqmnisa da kursdamtavrebulta prfesiuli qselis Camoyalibebis gzit.

5 ABOUT THE PROJECT Capacity-building of the Georgian Leadership Community for Improved Decision-making and Negotiation Skills is designed to assist the Georgian government in addressing its governance challenges. This multi-component initiative aims to introduce and reinforce modern management skill sets, proficiency and practice among Georgian public officials. The project engages directly with middle level public servants and civil-society representatives through practical in-service training in policy development and negotiation techniques. Apart modernization of the Georgian public administration and public policymaking, the project activities seek to deliver actionable policy documents on the issues of national importance. The project activities and the policy initiatives will be consistent with and supportive of principles of gender and diversity equality. The program is funded by the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA). The Georgian Foundation for Strategic and International Studies (GFSIS), along with its principal partners - the Swedish Institute for Public Administration (SIPU International) and the Estonian School of Diplomacy (ESD), is the main implementer of the program. The program will promote a likeminded leadership culture that is accountable and oriented to meeting the needs of the Georgian society. Furthermore, the program aims at strengthening the Georgian government capacity in decision-making, as well as increasing its transparency and flexibility in responding to the changing circumstances. In addition, this initiative intends to improve organizational cooperation among the Georgian public sectors and the country s interaction with other states and international organizations. The program, which will be implemented during four years ( ), includes the following components: Training for government officials in policy and negotiation techniques - Selected Georgian public servants will complete an eight-month intensive training program in public administration, policy planning and negotiation techniques. Georgian, Swedish and Estonian experts will conduct the training. Furthermore, under the guidance of GFSIS mentors, the participants will work on the issues pertinent to the country development policy. The training will be followed by a public discussion of the policy papers and a study visit to Estonia. The best five papers will be published in Georgian and in English. There will be five training groups in total with approximately 25 participants in each group. The training of trainers (ToT) component - Through the project's training of trainers (ToT) component, Georgian professionals will develop the Policy and Negotiations Training Program curriculum and teaching materials in Georgian. Topics covered under this training include Public Administration, Public Policy Planning, Negotiation Techniques, Gender and Diversity, Cost Benefit Analysis, Project Management/Change Management and Program Evaluation. Under the project framework, professional training programs will be implemented in the above listed fields for Georgian government employees and civil society representatives in the Georgian language. Professional development training for HR managers - The project's HR component aims to provide knowledge in modern Human Resources Management (HRM) practices among Georgian HRmanagers within line ministries and other governmental agencies. A second objective of the component is to build domestic capacity to deliver high quality training in HRM. The component will include needs-based training sessions on professional development and a study visit to Sweden. A knowledge and resource sharing component - This component is aimed to promote greater communication, knowledge sharing, consultation and collaboration among public-policy stakeholders across the Government of Georgia and civil society through establishing a project's website and organizing number of alumni retreats.

6 saavtomobilo gzebis infrastruqturis ganvitarebis gamowvevebi da perspeqtiva saqartvelosi mamuka CixlaZe saqartvelos regionuli ganvitarebisa da infrastruqturis saministros infrastruqturis departamentis ufrosi specialisti reziume saxelmwifostvis mnisvnelovani da prioritetulia armosavlet-dasavlet Cqarosnuli avtomagistralis msenebloba sarfidan (TurqeTis sazrvari) witel xidamde (azerbaijanis sazrvari) da sadaxlomde (somxetis sazrvari), Tbilisis gavlit. es avtomagistrali satransporto derefans daakavsirebs Savi zrvis navsadgurebtan (fotis da batumis navsadgurebi) da uzrunvelyofs regionsi saavtomobilo gzebze motxovnis dakmayofilebas, rac, Tavis mxriv, daexmareba qveynis satranzito potencialis amarlebas, saertasoriso vawrobisa da turizmis ganvitarebas. dreisatvis Tbilisidan goramde gayvanilia 80 km. sigrzis 4-zoliani Cqarosnuli avtomagistrali, reabilitacia-perioduli SekeTebis samusaoebi Cautarda km-mde saavtomobilo gzas. aqedan 2008 wels gaketda 11 km. gza da reabilitacia Cautarda 335 km. saavtomobilo gzas, xolo 2009 wels asenda 48 km. saavtomobilo gza da 10 xidi, aseve reabilitacia Cautarda 630 km. saavtomobilo gzas da 108 xids wlidan dremde gzebis mseneblobis, reabilitaciisa da movla-senaxvis samusaoebze 1,5 miliard larze meti daixarja wels sveneti-ruisis monakvetze asenda 20 km. Cqarosnuli avtomagistrali, aseve md. liaxvze 880-metriani xidi-estakada da 800-metriani gvirabi; sareabilitacio da perioduli SekeTebis samusaoebi ki Cautardeba 550 km saavtomobilo gzas. garda gzebis msenebelobisatvis ertjeradad gaweuli didi fuladi danaxarjebisa, aucilebelia Tanamedrove standartebis Sesabamisi iseti sagzao infrastruqturis SemoReba da movla-senaxva, romelic, erti mxriv, iqneba usafrtxo, gamartuli da momxmareblis motxovnebis Sesaferisi, xolo meore mxriv, misi Senaxva qveyanas ar Seuqmnis did finansur sirtuleebs. uwinares yovlisa, aucilebelia Sedegze orientirebuli sistmis Seqmna, rac nisnavs Sedegze orientirebuli xelsekrulebis gaformebas kontraqtortan. xelsekrulebasi sworad unda iyos gansazrvruli is pirobebi, romelta dacvita da SenarCunebiT uzrunvelyofili iqneba saavtomobilo gzebis infrastruqturis kargi mdgomareoba, sagzao usafrtxoeba da marali gamtarunarianoba. dreisatvis arsebuli pirobebit kontraqtis safuzvels warmoadgens dazianebuli gzis (bzarebis, ormoebis da a.s.) SekeTeba. Sedegis misarwevad ki sauketeso gamosavalia Sedegze orientireba da 5

7 kontraqtoris daqiraveba ara imistvis, rom dazianebuli SeakeTos, aramed imistvis, rom iseti gzebi gaketdes, sadac saertod ar warmoiqmneba aseti dazianebebi. amgvari xelsekruleba uzrunvelyofs saavtomobilo gzebis infrastruqturis karg mdgomareobas, magram Seicavs garkveul damatebit danaxarjs. saavtomobilo gzebis movla-senaxvis dafinansebis sakitxis mogvarebisatvis arsebobs ramdenime alternatiuli gza, kerzod: arsebuli mdgomareobis SenarCuneba saxelmwifo biujetidan saavtomobilo gzebis movla-senaxvistvis sawiro xarjebis gaweva da finansebis wyaroebis mozieba; mosakrebeli saavtomobilo gzebis gamoyenebistvis mosakreblis sistemis danergva, Tanamedrove gamocdilebis Sesabamisad, magalitad, VIGNETTE-is sistema, romelic aris unificirebuli da gamartivebuli, moqnili da iafi. sistemis SeqmnisTvis sawiroa Sesabamisi sakanonmdeblo cvlileba, infrastruqturuli uzrunvelyofa da Sedegiani administrireba. saavtomobilo gzebis koncesia saavtomobilo gzebis gadacema koncesiit. Sedegad saxelmwifos arar eqneba xarjebi saavtomobilo gzebis infrastruqturis movla-senaxvisatvis, aseve gaumjobesdeba da SenarCundeba saavtomobilo gzebis kargi mdgomareoba da usafrtxoebis marali done, Tumca saavtomobilo gzebis gamoyeneba gaxdeba fasiani, ramac SesaZloa uaryofitad imoqmedos qveynis satranzito potencialze. yovelive zemoarnisnulidan gamomdinare, aucilebelia SemuSavdes sistemuri midgoma saavtomobilo gzebis Semdgomi ganvitarebisa da movla-senaxvisatvis, rata Tanamedrove gamowvevebis Sesabamisad dakmayofildes arsebuli motxovnebi da xeli Seewyos saqartveloze gamavali satransporto derefnis konkurentunarianobis amarlebas. Sesavali istoriuli mimoxilva. saqartvelos geopolitikuri mdebareobisa da mtagoriani reliefis gatvaliswinebit, saertasoriso da Siga gadazidvebistvis yvelaze xelmisawvdomi da efeqtiani sasualebaa avtosatransporto gadazidvebi. Cveni qveynis mtavari satranzito magistralebi _ e-60, e-70, e-97 da e-117 _ evropa-kavkasia-aziis satransporto qselsi ert-erti yvelaze perspeqtiuli satranzito marsrutebia. saqartvelo warmoadgens gaertianebuli erebis organizaciis evropis ekonomikuri komisiis transevropuli, CrdiloeT-samxreTis avtomagistralebis (TEM), aziis magistraluri qselisa (AH) da evropa-kavkasia-aziis satransporto derefnis (REACECA) proeqtebis wevr qveyanas. ekonomikuri aspeqtebi. sagzao aqtivebis martva aris infrastruqturis, efeqtiani movla-senaxvis, gaumjobesebisa da operirebis sistemuri procesi, romelic aertianebs 6

8 sainjinro principebs, biznespraqtikasa da ekonomikur Teorias. sagzao seqtorsi ganxorcielebuli yoveli investicia sasargebloa socialurad da ekonomikurad. sakanonmdeblo baza. dreisatvis qveyanasi ar arsebobs saavtomobilo gzebis movla-senaxvis dafinansebisatvis sagangebo raime politikis dokumenti da xarjebis gaweva xdeba centraluri da municipaluri biujetebidan. aseve ar aris SemuSavebuli movla-senaxvis xelsekrulebis proeqti. miznebi. politikis dokumentis mtavar mizans warmoadgens sagzao infrastruqturis ganvitarebis efeqtiani dagegmva xarjtsargeblis analizis gatvaliswinebit. aseve, dokumentis mizania uzrunvelyos saavtomobilo gzebis infrastruqturis kargi mdgomareoba da Sesabamisi movla-senaxvis dafinanseba, rata dakmayofildes Tanamedrove gamowvevebis Sesabamisi saertasoriso standartebisa da sagzao infrastruqturis momxmarebelta motxovnebi da xeli Seewyos qveynis infrastruqturisa da zogadad, ekonomikis ganvitarebas. amocanebi. politikis dokumentis farglebsi gamovlenili yvelaze optimaluri alternativis realizebis Sedegad misarwevi da dasaxuli amocanebia: avtomanqanis saeqspluatacio xarjebis Semcireba gzis swor safarze cvetis Semcirebis Sedegad; gzis movla-senaxvis xrjebis Semcireba, radgan gaumjobesebuli gzis safari movla-senaxvis minimalur xarjebs moitxovs; mgzavrobis drois Semcireba, gaumjobesebul gzaze saoperacio sicqaris gazrdis pirobebsi; ubeduri SemTxvevebis riskis Semcireba, radgan gzebze gaizarda saeqspluatacio macveneblebi; jansari garemos xelsewyoba gamonabolqvis Semcireba gzis swor safarze naklebi winarobis gamo; regionuli infarstruqturis, vawrobisa da soflis meurneobis ganvitareba; dasaqmeba, socialuri garemos gaumjobeseba; turizmis ganvitareba. metodologia. politikis dokumentsi gamoyenebuli metodologia daefuzvna arsebuli literaturisa da praqtikuli masalebis gacnobasa da mimoxilvas, internetresursebis moziebas, dargsi sauketeso gamocdilebis gaziarebas, sxva qveynis magalitebis Seswavlas, qveyanasi moqmedi dargis specialistebtan interviuebs, saertasoriso eqspertebtan interviuebs, qveyanasi arsebuli oficialuri statistikuri monacemebis gacnobasa da, kvlevis interesebis Sesabamisad, mat informaciul damusavebas. SezRudvebi. qveyanasi dreisatvis ar arsebobs praqtikuli gamocdileba da arc Sesabamisi sakanonmdeblo baza, rac gaaadvilebda da xels Seuwyobda saavtomobilo gzebis movla-senaxvis dafinansebis sakitxis mogvarebis procesis warmatebit 7

9 realizebas, aseve SezRudvaa isic, rom ar aris Camoyalibebuli saxelmwifo politikuri xedva da problemis mogvarebis prioritetuli gza. problemis arwera dreisatvis mimdinareobs armosavlet-dasavletis Cqarosnuli avtomagistralis msenebloba, romelic moicavs ramdenime ukve dasrulebul da mimdinare proeqts, aseve perspeqtiul proeqtebs, romelta ganxorcileba finansdeba saertasoriso-safinanso organizaciebtan gaformebuli sasesxo xelsekrulebis safuzvelze gamoyofili kreditebita da saxelmwifo TanadafinansebiT. dreisatvis asenebulia Tbilisidan goramde 80 km. sigrzis 4-zoliani Cqarosnuli avtomagistrali, reabilitirebulia 2300 km. saavtomobilo gza da saerto jamsi 2004 wlidan dremde gzebis mseneblobis, reabilitaciisa da movla-senaxvis samusaoebze 1,5 miliard larze meti daixarja wels saavtomboilo gzebis ganvitarebistvis gaweulma danaxarjebma 694 milioni lari Seadgina, mat Soris, saxelmwifo dafinanseba Seadgenda 56 procents da saavtomobilo gzebis movla-senaxva da SekeTebisTvis daixarja 320 milionamde. yuradsarebia, rom 2011 wels igegmeba ufro meti investiciis ganxorcileba, daaxloebit 730 milionamde laris odenobit, romlis naxevaric, savaraudod, iqneba saxelmwifo biujetidan gaweuli danaxarjebi. 8 saavtomobilo gzebis mseneblobistvis sawiro ertjeradi didi fuladi danaxarjebis garda gasatvaliswinebelia Tanamderove standartebis Sesabamisi infrastruqturis movla-senaxvac, rac moitxovs efeqtian sitemas, romelic uzrunvelyofs, erti mxriv, sagzao infrastruqturis momxmarebelta kmayofilebas, usafrtxoebis maral dones da infrastruqturis karg mdgomareobas da, meore mxriv, _ dafinansebastan dakavsirebuli sakitxebis gadawras. problemis elementebi da aspeqtebi. dreisatvis ar arsebobs Camoyalibebuli sistemuri midgoma, Tu rogor unda mogvardes saavtomobilo gzebis Semdgomi ganvitarebis pirobebsi mati movla-senaxvis sakitxebi; ar xdeba momxmareblebisagan gadasaxadis akreba da saavtomobilo gzebit sargeblobis Sesabamisi ekonomikuri safasuris Sefaseba. martalia, vitardeba saavtomobilo gzebis infrastruqtura, magram paralelurad ar xdeba Sesabamisi midgomebis Camoyalibeba finansuri TvalsazrisiT. konkretulad SeiZleba itqvas, rom saavtomobilo gzebi saxelmwifostvis warmoadgens mxolod da mxolod danaxarjs da jerjerobit aravitari Semosavlis wyaro ar aris. 8 saavtomobilo gzebis departmaneti, wlebis biujeti da Sesabamisi angarisebi. 8

10 garda imisa, rom Tanamedrove standartebisa da motxovnebis Sesabamisi saavtomboilo gzebis infrastruqturis Camoyalibeba (msenebloba/rekonstruqcia/reabilitacia) sawiroebs did investicias, kreditebisa da grantebis saxit, rac qveynistvis aris finansuri danaxarji, aseve mnisvnelovania ukve Seqmnili infrastruqturis SenarCuneba karg mdgomareobasi, rac sawiroebs finansuri saxsrebis arsebobasa da moqnili Tanamedrove sistemis Seqmnas. problemis masstabi da simwvave. problema exeba sagzao infrastruqturis yvela momxmarebels da mnisvnelovania mtlianad qveynis ekonomikistvis. termini _ sagzao infrastruqturis momxmarebeli _ moicavs: saqartvelos yvela asakis moqalaqes 18 wlidan daaxloebit 80 wlamde rogorc qalaqsi, ise soflad macxovrebles, aseve _ yvela turists, romelic Camosulia saqartvelosi sakutari avtosatransporto sasualebit da yvela saertasoriso gadayvanebsa da gadazidvebsi (tranziti, eqsporti, importi) monawile mxareebs. amavdroulad sakitxi usualod ukavsirdeba qveynis ekonomikur ganvitarebas. winamdebare politikis dokumentis konkretuli Sedegebi iqneba mosaxleobis ekonomikuri gaaqtiureba, regionebis mosaxleobis mobilurobis gazrda, vawrobisa da turizmis ganvitareba da saertasoriso satransporto qselsi integrireba, rac uzrunvelyofili iqneba saavtomobilo gzebis infrastruqturis Semdgomi ganvitarebita da daxvewit. amastan, mnisvnelovania saavtomobilo gzebis movla- SenaxvisTvis Sesabamisi finansuri uzrunvelyofis sistemis arsebobac, rac, Tavis mxriv, pozitiurad imoqmedebs qveynis biujetze. arsebuli politika. dreisatvis, rogorc saertasoriso da Sigasaxelmwifoebrivi, ise adgilobrivi mnisvnelobis saavtomobilo gzebis msenebloba da reabilitacia mimdinareobs ZiriTadad saertasoriso-safinanso organizaciebis kreditebita da saxelmwifo biujetidan TanadafinansebiT, movla-senaxvisa da sxva damatebit xarjebs ki mtlianad saxelmwifo gaswevs. problemis gamomwvevi sxva faqtorebi. problema ara marto saavtomobilo gzebis movla-senaxvastan dakavsirebul finansur da ekonomikur sakitxebs moicavs, aramed mnisvnelovania saavtomobilo gzebis infrastruqturis teqnikuri mdgomareobac da momxmarebelta motxovnis dakmayofilebac. sawiroa saertasoriso gamocdilebis gaziareba da Tanamedrove gamowvevebis Sesabamisad mati saqartvelosi danergva. upirveles yovlisa, aucilebelia Sedegze orientirebuli sistmis Seqmna, romelic nisnavs kontraqtortanac Sedegze orientirebuli xelsekrulebis gaformebas. 9 xelsekrulebasi sworad unda iyos gansazrvruli is pirobebi, romelta dacvita da SenarCunebiT iqneba uzrunvelyofili saavtomobilo gzebis infrastruqturis kargi 9 saertasoriso praqtika Performance Based Contract, romelic formdeba damqiravebelsa (saxelmwifos) da daqiravebuls (koncesioners) Soris da romlis SemTxvevaSic damqiraveblis mizans warmoadgens Sedegis mirweva da anazraurebac Sesabamisad xdeba. 9

11 mdgomareoba, sagzao usafrtxoeba da marali gamtarunarianoba. arsebuli pirobebit kontraqtis safuzvels warmoadgens dazianebuli gzis (bzarebis, ormoebis da a.s.) SekeTeba. mnisvnelovani Sedegis misarwevad sauketeso gamosavalia Sedegze orientireba da kontraqtoris daqiraveba ara imistvis, rom dazianebuli SeakeTos, aramed imistvis, rom gzebze saertod ar warmoiqmnas aseti dazianebebi. arnisnuli xelsekruleba uzrunvelyofs saavtomobilo gzebis infrastruqturis karg mdgomareobas, Tumca aseve moitxovs finansur danaxarjs. SezRudvebi. saqartvelosi dreisatvis ar arsebobs Sesabamisi gamocdileba, aseve konkretulad ar aris garkveuli saxelmwifo politikuri neba arsebul sakitxtan dakavsirebit. amastan, mnisvnelovani SezRudvaa politikis ganxorcielebis Sedegad mirebuli SesaZlo gavlena saavtomobilo gzebis momxmarebelta raodenobaze, tranzitis xelsewyobaze da a.s. problema. yovelive zemoarnisnulidan gamomdinare, aucilebelia SemuSavdes saavtomobilo gzebis Semdgomi ganvitarebisa da movla-senaxvis dafinansebis efeqtiani sistema, ramdenadac dreisatvis danaxarji saxelmwifo biujetidan Seadgens 300 milion larze mets yovelwliurad (mtliani Siga produqtis 1,6 procentze meti), xolo Semosavlis wyaros ki jerjerobit ar warmoadgens. problemis gadawris gzebi (alternativebi) problemis gadasawrelad arsebobs sami ZiriTadi alternativa, romlebsic warmodgenilia saavtomobilo gzebis movla-senaxvistvis sawiro optimaluri dafinansebis meqanizmebi. alternativebit arwerilia meqanizmis struqtura da realuri magalitebi, mati dadebiti da uaryofiti mxareebi, mosalodneli Sedegebi da riskebi. alternativebi ganxilulia yvela saertasoriso (1368 km) da Sigasaxelmwifoebrivi (4979 km) mnisvnelobis saavtomobilo gzebis movla-senaxvistvis sawiro dafinansebis meqnizmebis SerCevisTvis, saerto sigrzit 6347 km. fasiani gzebis arseboba ganxilulia mxolod e.w. `armosavlet-dasavletis Cqarosnuli avtomagistralis~ farglebsi, romlis sargeblobistvis fasis daweseba nebadartulia mxolod alternatiuli gzebis arsebobis SemTxvevaSi da regulirdeba kanonmdeblobit. 10 alternativebis Sedegebis SefasebisTvis gamoyenebulia Semdegi kriteriumebi (danarti # 1-1): Sedegianoba, Rirebuleba, politikuri ganxorcielebadoba, vadebi, rentabeloba, samartlianoba da momxmarebelta kmayofilebis done. 10 saqartvelos kanoni saavtomobilo gzebis Sesaxeb, muxli noemberi 1994 weli, saqartvelos parlamentis uwyebebi. 10

12 winamdebare dokumentsi moyvanili yvela daskvna efuzneba oficialur monacemebs (danarti # 1-2). alternativa #1 dafinansebis arsebuli meqanizmis SenarCuneba. mimoxilva. dreisatvis saavtomobilo gzebis movla-senaxvistvis sawiro xarjebis (danarti # 1-3) gaweva xdeba usualod saxelmwifo biujetidan, ramac 2010 wels mtlianobasi Seadgina 170 milion larze meti. arsebuli mdgomareobit sakvlevi saavtomobilo gzebis 38% karg mdgomareobasia (danarti # 1-4). alternativis rentabeloba Seadgens 0.18-s (danarti # 1-5). politikuri TvalsazrisiT alternativa odnav ixreba neitraluridan uaryofitisken (5 qula), ramdenadac, martalia, meqanizmi dreistvis moqmedebs, magram realurad dgas sawiroeba midgomis gaumjobesebisa. dadebiti mxareebi. advilia administrireba. aris samartliani (10 qula), radgan saavtomobilo gzebit sargebloba xelmisawvdomia yvela msurvelisatvis. alternativis realizacia dros ar sawiroebs, radgan meqanizmi moqmedia (0 Tve). uaryofiti mxareebi. Sedegi aris arasakmarisi da aramomgebiani, xolo sistema _ araefeqtiani. momxmarebelta mxridanac naklebia (6 qula) kmayofileba. mosalodneli Sedegebi da rentabeloba. alternativis farglebsi saavtomobilo gzebis infrastruqtura darceba isev saxelmwifo sakutrebasi da samomavlod kidev ufro daixveweba dafinansebis meqnizmebi. martalia, wlidan wlamde mudmivad xdeba reabilitacia, magram karg mdgomareobasi arsebuli saavtomobilo gzebis procentuli macvenebeli mainc rceba arnisnul farglebsi. riskebi. arsebuli, gaumjobesebuli Tu axlad asenebuli saavtomobilo gzebis infrastruqturis mdgomareobis SesaZlo gauareseba. 11

13 alternativa # 2 _ mosakrebeli saavtomobilo gzebis gamoyenebistvis saxelmwifo sakutrebis SenarCunebiT. mimoxilva. alternativa gulisxmobs Tanamedrove gamocdilebis Sesabamisad mosakreblis sistemis danergvas, magalitad VIGNETTE-is sistema, romelic unificirebuli, gamartivebuli, moqnili da iafia (fasebi misarebia). sistemis SeqmnisTvis sawiroa Sesabamisi sakanonmdeblo cvlileba, infrastruqturuli uzrunvelyofa da Sedegiani administrireba (danarti # 1-6). sasualod, avtosatransporto sasualebebis mozraobis intensivoba magistralze meryeobs 4000-dan avtosatransporto sasualebamde dre-ramesi. jamsi alternativa realizebistvis moitxovs daaxloebit 9 Tves da 10 milion lars (danarti # 1-7). sakanonmdeblo procedurebis paralelurad moewyoba zemoarnisnuli infrastruqturac. dadebiti mxareebi. sistema aris moqnili, uzrunvelyofs saavtomobilo gzebis karg mdgomareobasi Senaxvas, pasuxobs saertasoriso standartebs da SeuZlia daakmayofilos Tanamedrove gamowvevebi. Sedegianoba aris 99% (danarti # 1-8). alternativa aseve aris politikurad gamartlebuli (10 qula), momxmarebelta kmayofilebis done iqneba marali (9 qula). meqanizmi aris samartlianic (8 qula) (danarti # 1-9). uaryofiti mxareebi. Zvirdeba saavtomobilo gzebit sargebloba. mosalodneli Sedegebi da rentabeloba. gaumjobesebuli sagazo infrastruqtura, biujetistvis damatebiti Semosavlebi an danaxarjebis Semsubuqeba. danaxarjebisa da mosalodneli Semosavlebis gatvaliswinebit alternativis rentabeloba Seadgens 1.68-s (danarti # 1-10). riskebi. satranzito konkurentunarianobis Semcireba. alternativa #3 mosakrebeli saavtomobilo gzebis gamoyenebistvis privatizaciis gzit. mimoxilva. alternativis farglebsi moxdeba saavtomobilo gzebis gadacema koncesiit (danarti #1-11). koncesionersa da saxelmwifos Soris gaformdeba Sedegze orientirebuli SeTanxmeba (Performance Based Contract) (danarti #1-12) da koncesioneri valdebuli iqneba uzrunvelyos winamdebare dokumentsi ganxiluli gzebis 29% (danarti # 1-13). faqtobrivad, privatizebistvis sawiro umnisvnelo xarjebis garda, alternativas danaxarjebi ar gaacnia da misi rentabeloba 1-is tolia. meqanizmis danergva aris politikurad gamartlebuli (8 qula) investiciebis mozidvisa da saavtomobilo gzebis ganvitarebis miznit. daaxloebiti periodi alternativis realizaciisatvis moicavs 11 Tves (danarti #1-14) 12

14 dadebiti mxareebi. yvelaze efeqtiani fasi saavtomobilo gzebis gamoyenebistvis, Tavisufali bazris principebis danergva da konkurenciis amarleba. alternativas aqvs sakmaod marali (8 qula) kmayofilebis done (danarti #1-15). uaryofiti mxareebi. moxdeba ZiriTadi magistralis gasxviseba (privatizeba), anu arar iqneba saxelmwifo sakutrebasi. alternativa ver gamoirceva samartlianobit (6 qula) (danarti # 1-16). mosalodneli Sedegebi da rentabeloba. pasuxismgeblobis delegirebis Sedegad yvelaze efeqtiani meqanizmis Camoyalibeba, romelic xels Seuwyobs da uzrunvelyofs saavtomobilo gzebis infrastruqturis mdgomareobis SenarCunebas saertasoriso standartebis Sesabamisad. riskebi. gansakutrebul sasisroebas warmoadgens arasworad gaformebuli xelsekruleba da kerzo seqtorisatvis arasworad gamijnuli uflebebi da pasuxismgeblobebi. sauketeso alternativis dasabuteba. sauketeso alternativa aris mosakreblis daweseba saavtomobilo gzebis gamoyenebistvis saxelmwifo sakutrebis SenarCunebiT, radgan alternativas aqvs sauketeso Sedegebi, aris yvelaze rentabeluri, yvelaze metad gamartlebulia politikurad da xasiatdeba momxmarebelta kmayofilebis yvelaze marali donit. xarjianoba mis rentabelobastan SedarebiT mizerulia. aseve ar warmoadgens problemas misi realizebis vadebi, radgan 9 Tve ar aris SemzRudveli dro. alternativis realizebis SemTxvevaSi, sagzao infrastruqtura rceba saxelmwifo sakutrebasi da Tavis mxriv alternativis farglebsi realizebuli dafinansebis meqanizmi _ VIGNETTE _ warmoadgens Zalian moqnil da efeqtian sistemas, romelic aprobirebulia evropis mraval qveyanasi. am sistemastan miertebit saqartvelos aqvs SesaZlebloba uket integrirdes dasavlettan da xeli Suwyos rogorc turizmis, vawrobisa da satranzito potencialis ganvitarebas, ise regionsi ekonomikuri urtierttanamsromlobis amarlebas. rekomendaciebi saavtomobilo gzebis gamoyenebistvis mosakreblis daweseba _ saxelmwifo sakutrebis SenarCunebiT axali meqanizmis _ VIGNETTE-s sistemis _ warmatebit danergvis miznit mizansewonilia ganxorcieldes Semdegi RonisZiebebi: sakanonmdeblo bazis momzadeba. sawyis etapze sawiroa sakanonmdeblo bazis momzadeba, rac moicavs saertasoriso gamocdilebisa da sauketeso magalitebis Seswavlas, arsebul kanonmdeblobasi cvlilebebis Setanis miznit kanonproeqtebis momzadebasa da mat damtkicebas saqartvelosi moqmedi 13

15 kanonmdeblobis gatvaliswinebit; am sakanonmdeblo cvlilebebis saertasoriso doneze danergvastan dakavsirebit Setyobinebis gavrcelebas diplomatiuri arxebis mesveobit rogorc yvela mezobeli da partniori saxelmwifostvis, aseve saertasoriso organizaciebistvis. Sesabamisi infrastruqturit arwurva. am SemTxvevaSi ivaraudeba ara saavtomobilo gzebis msenebloba (mat Soris, arc Cqarosnuli avtomagistrali), aramed mxolod damxmare mowyobiloba da Sesabamisi teqnika. infrastruqtura ZiriTadad moicavs Cqarosnul avtomagistralze Sesvlisas da avtomagistralidan gamosvlisas mozravi avtomobilebis regulirebistvis sawiro mowyobilobebsa da Senoba-nagebobebs, romlebic arwurvili iqneba saertasoriso standartebis Sesabamisad da akmayofileben Tanamedrove motxovnebs. adamianuri resursebis gatvalisiwneba. TavisTavad cxadia yovelive zemoarnisnuls swirdeba administrireba; Sesabamisad, aucilebelia kadrebis momzadeba, anu saertasoriso gamocdilebis gacnoba-gaziareba gadamzadebebisa da seminarebis mesveobit. sazogadoebis informireba da meqanizmis danergva. sanam Sesabamis kanonebsi konkretuli cvlilebebi da damatebebi Seva ZalaSi, aucilebelia garkveuli periodit adre moxdes sazogadoebis informireba informaciis sxvadasxva sasualebit da Semdeg dainergos VIGNETTE-is sistema. daskvna Tanamedrove gamowvevebisa da arsebuli motxovnebis dakmayofilebis miznit dris wesrigsi dgas saavtobmoilo gzebis movla-senaxvis dafinansebisa da amastan dakavsirebuli problemebis gadawris sakitxi. erti mxriv, saxelmwifostvis danaxarjebis Semcireba da meore mxriv, saavtomobilo gzebis infrastruqturis gaumjobeseba, saertasoriso standartebtan Sesabamisoba da Tanamedrove motxovnebis dakmayofileba sakitxs szens aqtualurobas. politikis winamdebare dokumentsi ganxiluli alternativebidan sauketeso Sedegebi mosalodnelia me-3 alternativis realizebis SemTxvevaSi (mosakreblis daweseba saavtomobilo gzebis gamoyenebistvis saxelmwifo sakutrebis SenarCunebiT da VIGNETTE-s sistemis danergvit), romlis farglebsic SesaZlebeli iqneba: TiTqmis yvela saertasoriso da Sigasaxelmwifoebrivi mnisvnelobis saavtomobilo gzebis gaumjobeseba da kargi mdgomareobis uzrunvelyofa; sagzao infrastruqturis saxelmwifo sakutrebasi SenarCuneba; 14

16 saavtomobilo gzebis movla-senaxvis dafinansebis Tanamedrove, moqnili da rentabeluri meqanizmis Camoyalibeba; samartlianobis dacvit momxmarebelta interesebis dacva; saavtomobilo gzebis saxelmwifo biujetistvis Semosavlebis wyarod gadaqceva; evropis saavtomobilo gzebis qseltan uket integrireba; saertasoriso standartebtan sagzao infrastruqturis harmonizeba; momxmareblistvis marali xarisxis momsaxurebis SeTavazeba. am alternativis Sesabamisi politikis gatarebit saxelmwifo yvelaze optimalurad SeZlebs sauketeso Sedegebis mirwevas ise, rom biujetsic Sevides Semosavali da momxmarebelmac miiros marali xarisxis momsaxureba ganvitarebuli sagzao ifrastruqturis pirobebsi. literatura 1. saqartvelos kanoni saavtomobilo gzebis Sesaxeb, muxli noemberi 1994 weli, saqartvelos parlamentis uwyebebi. 2. saavtomobilo gzebis departmaneti, wlebis biujeti da Sesabamisi angarisebi. 3. saqartvelos statistikis erovnuli samsaxuri (saqstati), wlebis angarisebi. 4. The Toll Roads, sagzao mosakrebeli I Feel Slovenia Vignette, highway toll Czech Republic The Lithuanian Road Administration under the Ministry of Transport and Communications of the Republic of Lithuania Toll Road Concessions: 15

17 danarti # 1 kriteriumebisa da alternativebis Sefasebis detaluri ganmarteba (1) kriteriumebi: kriteriumebi izomeba an realuri macveneblebit (Rirebuleba lari; vadebi Tve), an amisatvis SemoRebulia 10-baliani Sefasebis sistema (0 nisnavs yvelaze uaress da 10 yvelaze uketess), an usualod mocemulia procentuli macvenebeli. winamdebare politikis dokumentsi alternativebis Sedegebis Sesafaseblad gamoyenebulia Sefasebis Semdegi kriteriumebi: Sedegianoba arwers, Tu rogor imoqmedebs alternativis realizacia saavtomobilo gzebis mdgomareobaze da izomeba procentebit; Rirebuleba ganzomileba aris milioni lari da Seadgens proeqtis realizebisatvis sawiro Tanxas; politikuri ganxorcielebadoba warmoadgens qulebit (1-10), politikurad ramdenad mizansewonilia ama Tu im alternativis ganxorcieleba; vadebi fasdeba alternativis realiziaciistvis sawiro xangrzlivoba da izomeba TveebiT; rentabeloba koeficientia, romelic asaxavs kavsirs alternativis danaxarjsa da mirebl Sedegs Soris; samartlianoba fasdeba qulebit (1-10), Tu ramdenad Tanabrad samartliania alternativa saavtomobilo gzebis momxmarebeltatvis; kmayofilebis done logikurad ukavsirdeba samartlianobas Tumca acvenebs usualod momxmareblis damokidebulebas alternativis ganxorcielebastan dakavsirebit da fasdeba qulebit (1-10). (2) metodologia da gamoyenebuli monacemebi: winamdebare dokumentsi warmodgenili yvela monacemi arebulia saqartvelos statistikis erovnuli samsaxuris, Sinagan saqmeta saministros, saqartvelos regionuli ganvitarebisa da infrastruqturis saministrosa da saavtomobilo gzebis departamentis mier mowodebuli monacemebisa da informaciis safuzvelze. dokumentsi arnisnuli sxvadasxva kriteriumit Sefasebebi efuzneba dargsi momusave eqspertebisa da kompetenturi sajaro moxeleebis mosazrebebs, daskvnebsa da rekomendaciebs. detaluri Sefaseba alternativa #1 - dafinansebis arsebuli meqanizmis SenarCuneba (3) detaluri arwera: movla-senaxvis xarjebi etapobrivad izrdeba, radgan mimdinareobs saertasoriso standartebis Sesabamisi Cqarosnuli avtomagistralis 16

18 msenebloba, saavtomobilo gzebis reabilitacia/gaumjobeseba, aseve damatebiti infrastruqturisa da dizainis mowyobac. movla-senaxvis xarjebsi Sedis gzebis perioduli SekeTeba da reabilitacia, mimdinare SekeTeba da Senaxva zamtris periodsi, stiqiuri movlenebis salikvidacio da prevenciis miznit Casatarebeli samusaoebi da sxv. (4) Sedegianoba: saertasoriso mnisvnelobis saavtomobilo gzebis 80% da Sigasaxelmwifoebrivi mnisvnelobis 26% karg mdgomareobasia. (5) rentabeloba: unda arinisnos, rom Semosavlis ertadert wyaros warmoadgens gzatsargeblobis safasuri 200 laris odenobit saqartvelos teritoriaze satranzito infrastruqturis utilizaciisatvis (2010 wlis 1 agvistodan) da gadaixdeba saqartvelos saxelmwifo biujetsi. safasuris gadamxdeli aris satvirto avtosatransporto sasualebis mflobeli an mzroli, romelic avtosatransporto sasualebit axorcielebs saqartvelos teritoriaze gadaadgileba/tvirtis gadazidvas sabajo kontrolit/zedamxedvelobit. dreisatvis aseti gadamxdelia daaxloebit 151 atasi (danarti #2). Sesabamisad, mtliani Semosavali daaxloebit Seadgens 30 milion lars. alternativa #2 - mosakrebeli saavtomobilo gzebis gamoyenebistvis saxelmwifo sakutrebis SenarCunebiT (6) detaluri arwera: VIGNETTE-is sistema, rogorc mosakrebeli saavtomobilo gzebis gamoyenebisatvis, pirvelad gamoiyenes ungretsi. Seqmnilia evroparlamnetis direqtivis Sesabamisad. 11 EUROVIGNETTE (danarti #1) gamoiyeneba: 1994 wlidan _ belgiasi, daniasi; 1997 wlidan _ luqsemburgsi, niderlandsi, SvedeTSi; 2000 wlis Semdeg _ avstriasi, bulgaretsi, CexeTis respublikasi, safrangetsi, germaniasi, ruminetsi, slovaketsi, sloveniasi, SveicariaSi _ yvela qveyanasi aris specifikuri midgoma sistemis mimart, SesaZloa mosakrebeli pirdapir iyos sasualeba saavtomobilo gzebis movla-senaxvis xarjebis dasafarad, an warmoadgendes sxva socialuri ketildreobis dafinansebis wyarosac. saqartvelos magalitze alternativis farglebsi sistemis danergvit mirebuli Semosavali usualod unda iyos mimartuli saavtomobilo gzebis mdgomareobis gaumjobeseba-senarcunebisken. sistema aris moqnili, uzrunvelyofs saavtomobilo gzebis karg mdgomareobasi SenarCunebas, pasuxobs saertasoriso standartebs da SeuZlia daakmayofilos Tanamedrove gamowvevebi. 11 DIRECTIVE 2006/38/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 17 May 2006 amending Directive 1999/62/EC on the charging of heavy goods vehicles for the use of certain infrastructures, veb-gverdi: European Assosiation with tolled motorways, bridges and tunnels (ASECAP), vebmisamarti: 17

19 (7) Rirebuleba: proeqtis ganxorcielebas swirdeba saavtomobilo gzis Sesabamisi arwurva damatebiti infrastruqturit, rogoricaa mosakrebelis akrebis avtomaturi sistema, saerto RirebulebiT lari, da magistralze sawiroa aseti mowyobiloba; aseve mnisvnelovania administrirebis miznit Sesabamisi erteulis Seqmna. yvela arnisnuli danaxarji ertad Seadgens 10 milionamde lars. vadebi: alternativis danergvas swirdeba mtavrobis mier kanonproeqtis momzadeba da Sesabamis kanonebsi cvlilebis Setana, romelic SemdgomSi damtkicdeba parlamentsi. (8) Sedegianoba: alternativis farglebsi movla-senaxvis dafinanseba moicavs yvela saertasoriso da Sigasaxelmwifoebrivi mnisvnelobis saavtomobilo gzebs da Sedegianoba aris 99%. (9) politikuri ganxorcielebadoba: alternativa aseve aris politikurad gamartlebuli (10 qula), ramdenadac, erti mxriv, maqsimalurad iqneba uzrunvelyofili sagzao infrastruqturis kargi mdgomareoba da dafinansebis sakitxi, meore mxriv, infrastruqtura isev darceba saxelmwifo sakutrebasi. samartlianoba: rac Seexeba samartlianobas, miuxedavad imisa, rom zogierti momxmareblistvis garkveulwilad arsebobs SezRudva VIGNETTE-is sistemis nebartvebis asarebad, mati Rirebulebis gamo, yuradsarebia, rom iarsebebs alternatiuli gzebi da Tanac VIGNETTE-dan mirebuli SemosavlebiT SekeTdeba da movla-senaxvis samusaoebi Cautardeba saertasoriso da Sidasaxelmwifoebrivi mnisvnelobis yvela gzas, ritac isargeblebs mteli mosaxleoba. Sesabamisad, meqanizmi aseve aris samartlianic (8 qula). kmayofilebis done: arnisnulidan gamodinare, alternativis realizebis Sedegad momxmarebelta kmayofilebis done iqneba marali (9 qula). (10) rentabeloba: arsanisnavia, rom dreisatvis saqartvelosi daregistrirebulia mde avtosatransporto sasualeba (danarti # 3), romelta, eqspluataciasi myofta, umetesoba mozraobs armosavlet-dasavletis Cqarosnul avtomagistralze; amas aseve emateba saertasoriso gadazidvebsi monawile subieqtebi (sasualod, 414 satvirto avtomobili dre-ramesi), razec zemot gvqonda saubari, da yovelives gatvaliswinebit SesaZloa SemuSavdes winaswari gadasaxdelebis cxrili, romelic VIGNETTE-is sistemis danergvit uzrunvelyofs saavtomobilo gzis (armosavlet-dasavletis Carosnuli avtomagistralit) sargeblobistvis mosakrebelis akrebas da sagzao infrastruqturis mdgomareobis gaumjobeseba/senarcunebas, ris Sedegadac saxelmwifo miirebs 288 milion lars, nebartvis sasualo wliuri Rirebuleba Seadgens 135 lars (sagzao insrastruqturis movla-senaxvis wliur danaxarjebi gayofili mozraobis minimaluri driuri intensivobis weliwadsi dreebis raodenobis namravlze da damatebuli sistemis movla-senaxvisa da gautvaliswinebeli xarjebi [ /3 902* =135]). 18

20 # wliuri danaxarji (atasi lari) danaxarji 1 dresi (lari) II/365 minimaluri intensivoba (avt.sasualeba dre- RameSi) daregistrirebuli avt. sasualebebi (erteuli) daregistrirebuli avt. sasualebebi (erteuli) Sewonili wili V/VI Sewonili wili intensivobasi IV*VII regularuli momxmareblis wili (365 dre) VII*0.3 araregularuli momxmareblis wili (10 dre) VII*0.7 regularuli momxmareblis gadasaxadi (365 dre) III/VIII araregularuli momxmareblis gadasaxadi (10 dre) III/IX koreqtirebuli regularuli momxmareblis gadasaxadi (365 dre) koreqtirebuli araregularuli momxmareblis gadasaxadi (10 dre) mtliani Semosavali XIII*IX+XIV*X rentabeloba XV/II I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII XIII XIV XV XVI msubuqi avtobusi satvirto * gatvaliswinebulia saavtomobilo parkis proporcia (msubuqi 0.82, avtobusi , satvirto 0.10), aseve miaxloebiti regularuli gadayvanebisa da gadazidvebi (30%) araregularultan SedarebiT (70%), rodesac magistralze mozraobs minimum 3902 avto satransporto sasualeba dre-ramesi. alternativa #3 _ mosakrebeli saavtomobilo gzebis gamoyenebistvis privatizaciis gzit. (11) detaluri arwera: gaumjobesdeba da SenarCundeba saavtomobilo gzebis kargi mdgomareoba da usafrtxoebis marali done. martalia, saavtomobilo gzebis gamoyeneba gaxdeba fasiani, ramac SesaZloa uaryofitad imoqmedos qveynis satranzito potencialze, magram saavtomobilo gzebis infrastruqtura arar darceba saxelmwifo sakutrebasi da gadaecema kerzo pirs martvis uflebit. Sedegad, saxelmwifos arar eqneba xarjebi saavtomobilo gzebis infrastruqturis movla-senaxvisatvis. yvelaze efeqtiani fasi saavtomobilo gzebis gamoyenebistvis Tavisufali bazris principebis danergva da konkurenciis amarlebaa. moxdeba ZiriTadi magistralis gasxviseba (privatizeba), anu arar iqneba saxelmwifo sakutrebasi. pasuxismgeblobis delegirebis Sedegad yvelaze efeqtiani meqanizmis Camoyalibeba, romelic xels Seuwyobs da uzrunvelyofs saavtomobilo gzebis infrastruqturis mdgomareobis SenarCunebas saertasoriso standartebis Sesabamisad. (12) Sedegze orientirebuli SeTanxmeba (Performance Based Contract) nisnavs saxelmwifosa da kerzo subieqts Soris SeTanxmebas, romelsic gansazrvrulia is 19

21 pirobebi, romelta Sesrulebasac moitxovs damqiravebeli (saxelmwifo) daqiravebulisagan (kontraqtori). SeTanxmebis mizania moxdes usualod Sedegze orientireba da damqiravebelma fuli gadaixados ara imistvis, rom dazianebuli SeakeTebinos daqiravebuls, aramed imistvis, rom saertod ar warmoiqmnas dazianebebi (an minimumamde Semcirdes). saxlemwifos aqvs kontrolisa da zedamxedvelobis ufleba. SeTanxmebiT gatvaliswinebuli pirobebis arsesrulebis SemTxvevaSi damqiravebeli ar uxdis momsaxurebis safasurs kontraqtors. SeTanxmebis orive mxaris (saxelmwifosa da kontraqtoris) interess warmoadgens saavtomobilo gzebis karg mdgomareobasi SenarCuneba da xdeba Sedegze orientireba, rac meqanizms xdis efeqtians. gansakutrebul sasisroebas warmoadgens arasworad gaformebuli xelsekruleba da kerzo seqtorisatvis arasworad gamijnuli uflebebi da pasuxismgeblobebi, ramac SeiZleba arasasurveli Sedegebi gamoiwvios. (13) Sedegianoba: koncesioneri valdebuli iqneba uzrunvelyos yvela saertasoriso mnisvnelobisa Tu alternatiuli gzis movla-senaxvis samusaoebi, rac saerto jamsi Seadgens Cvens nasromsi ganxiluli gzebis 29%-s. (14) vadebi: alternativis realizaciisatvis sawiro savaraudo periodi, igulisxmeba Sedegze orientirebuli SeTanxmebis proeqtis momzadebac, moicavs 11 Tves, radgan sawiroa satendero dokumentebis momzadeba, tenderis Sedegad gamovlenil organizaciastan xelsekrulebis gaformeba da Sesabamisi mosamzadebeli samusaoebis gatarebac. (15) kmayofilebis done: kmayofilebis done alternativas aqvs sakmaod marali, rac gamowveulia sagzao infrastruqturis kargi mdgomareobit da marali xarisxis momsaxurebit (8 qula). (16) samartlianoba: alternativa ver gamoirceva samartlianobit (6 qula), radgan izrudeba momxmarebeli da Tan movla-senaxva Seexeba ara yvela Sigasaxelmwifoebrivi mnisvnelobis gzas, aramed mxolod am gzebis mcire nawils vrceldeba mxolod 450- mde km-ze. 20

22 Mamuka Chikhladze Senior Specialist, Infrastructure Department Ministry of Regional Development and Infrastructure of Georgia Road infrastructure development: future challenges and perspectives in Georgia SUMMARY The state priority is to construct an East-West Highway from Sarpi (Turkish border) to the Red Bridge (Azerbaijan border) and Sadakhlo (Armenia border) through Tbilisi. The Highway will connect the road transport corridor with the Black Sea Ports (Poti and Batumi) and will facilitate meeting the growing demand on road transportation in the region. This will increase the country s transit potential and the development of international trade and tourism. Recently an 80 km 4-lane Highway from Tbilisi to Gori and approximately 3, 600 km of other roads, including, 21 km Highway, 12 new and 100 existing bridges were constructed and/or rehabilitated. Since 2004 investment in road construction, rehabilitation and maintenance has reached approximately 2 billion GEL. Besides construction expenditures in road maintenance, the costs associated are to be taken into consideration in order to keep road infrastructure at international standards. To achieve the above mentioned objective, an efficient system is needed that will ensure on the one hand the satisfaction of road users, road safety and good conditions of road infrastructure, and on the other hand, maintenance will not be financially problematic for the state. First, there must be a performance based system/approach established. In other words, sign a Performance Based Contract with terms of reference that will ensure and maintain road infrastructure in good conditions, road safety and improved capacity. Recently, the subject of the contract is to make repairs (cracks, holes, etc.). To achieve efficient results the best way is to focus on performance and hire a contractor not only to make repairs, but to keep road in good condition. The contract will ensure keeping the roads in good condition, but it will require high expenditures. In order to solve the financing issue of road maintenance the policy paper outline the following alternatives: Status Quo (doing nothing) allocate costs for road maintenance in the state budget and search for financing; Fee for Road Users establishment of fee system in accordance with modern practices, e.g. VIGETTE tolling system that is unified and simplified, flexible and cheap. In order to establish the new system adequate changes are needed in the legislation, road infrastructure development and effective administration; Road concession roads will be transferred via concession. As a result, there will not be expenditures for road maintenance, also improved road condition and ensured road safety will be of high priority, but road concession is connected with user fees and thut will negatively affect the transit potential of the country. Taking into consideration all the above mentioned, it is of vital importance to elaborate a systematic approach to the roads future development and maintenance in order to satisfy modern requirements and to facilitate improvement of competitiveness of the transport corridor via Georgia. In this regard, the most viable alternative in accordance with the policy paper is to establish a tolling system (VIGNETTE) in Georgia.