sajaro politikis dokumentebi POLICY PAPER SERIES

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1 sajaro politikis dokumentebi POLICY PAPER SERIES 2018

2 saqartvelos sajaro moxeleta profesiuli SesaZleblobebis zrda gadawyvetilebis mirebasa da molaparakebebis warmartvis teqnikasi CAPACITY-BUILDING OF THE GEORGIAN LEADERSHIP COMMUNITY FOR IMPROVED DECISION-MAKING AND NEGOTIATION SKILLS winamdebare gamocemasi warmodgenili politikis dokumentebi Seiqmna proeqtis _ `saqartvelos sajaro moxeleta profesiuli SesaZleblobebis zrda gadawyvetilebis mirebasa da molaparakebebis warmartvis teqnikasi~ _ farglebsi The Public Policy Paper Series includes policy documents developed within the Capacity-Building of the Georgian Leadership Community (CBGL) project proeqti xorcieldeba SvedeTis saertasoriso ganvitarebisa da TanamSromlobis saagentos finansuri mxardawerit The Project is funded by the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency

3 samecniero xelmzrvanelebi: ekaterine metreveli kaxa gogolasvili merab kakulia vladimer papava valeri CeCelaSvili Mentors: Ekaterine Metreveli Kakha Gogolashvili Merab Kakulia Vladimer Papava Valeri Chechelashvili redaqtori: Editor: rusudan margisvili Rusudan Margishvili teqnikuri redaqtori: Technical Editor: artem meliq-nubarovi Artem Melik-Nubarov saavtoro uflebebi daculia da ekutvnis saqartvelos strategiisa da saertasoriso urtiertobebis kvlevis fonds. werilobiti nebartvis garese wignis arc erti nawili ar SeiZleba gadaibewdos nebismieri, mat Soris, eleqtronuli an meqanikuri formit. saqartvelos strategiisa da saertasoriso urtiertobata kvlevis fondi 2018 weli All rights reserved and belong to Georgian Foundation for Strategic and International Studies. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, including electronic and mechanical, without the prior written permission of the publisher Copyright 2018 Georgian Foundation for Strategic and International Studies

4 proeqtis Sesaxeb programa `saqartvelos sajaro moxeleta profesiuli SesaZleblobebis zrda gadawyvetilebis mirebasa da molaparakebebis warmartvis teqnikasi~ miznad isaxavs daexmaros saqartvelos mtavrobas martvis sferosi arsebuli problemebis dazlevasi. proeqti itvaliswinebs sasualo rgolis sajaro moxeleta da samoqalaqo sazogadoebis warmomadgenelta CarTvas politikis SemuSavebisa da molaparakebis warmartvis teqnikis dasaxvew praqtikul mecadineobebsi. es mecadineobebi moicavs ara marto Tanamedrove midgomebis danergvas qartul sajaro administraciasa da sajaro politikasi, aramed saxelmwifoebrivi mnisvnelobis sakitxebze sajaro politikis dokumentebis SemuSavebas. proeqti aseve xels Seuwyobs qartvel sajaro moxeletatvis martvis Tanamedrove midgomebis Sesaxeb codnis, praqtikisa da unarebis gacnobas. programas afinansebs SvedeTis saertasoriso ganvitarebisa da TanamSromlobis saagento (Sida) da axorcielebs saqartvelos strategiisa da saertasoriso urtiertobebis kvlevis fondi (rondelis fondi) estonetis diplomatiis skolas- Tan (ESD) partniorobit. programa xels uwyobs sajaro mmartvelobis iseti kulturis Camoyalibebas, romelic iqneba angarisvaldebuli da gaitvaliswinebs qartuli sazogadoebis sawiroebebs. garda amisa, programa miznad isaxavs gadawyvetilebis mirebis sferosi qartuli mmartvelobis SesaZleblobebis gazlierebas, rom gadawyvetilebis mirebis procesi gaxdes ufro gamwvirvale da iyos moqnili garemoebata cvlilebis Sesabamisad. programa aseve moicavs saqartvelos saxelmwifo seqtorebsa da organizaciebs Soris TanamSromlobis gaumjobesebas da saxelmwifo moxeleta SesaZleblobebis gazrdas, rata saqartvelo uket warmocndes saertasoriso doneze sxva saxelmwifoebtan Tu saertasoriso organizaciebtan urtiertobisas. programa xorcieldeba cxra wlis manzilze ( ww.). ABOUT THE PROJECT Capacity-building of the Georgian Leadership Community for Improved Decision-making and Negotiation Skills is designed to assist the Georgian government in addressing its governance challenges. This multi-component initiative aims to introduce and reinforce modern management skill sets, proficiency and practice among Georgian public officials. The project engages directly with middle level public servants and civil-society representatives through practical in-service training in policy development and negotiation techniques. Apart modernization of the Georgian public administration and public policymaking, the project activities seek to deliver actionable policy documents on the issues of national importance. The project activities and the policy initiatives will be consistent with and supportive of principles of gender and diversity equality. The program is funded by the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (Sida) and is implemented by the Georgian Foundation for Strategic and International Studies (Rondeli Foundation) in partnership with the Estonian School of Diplomacy (ESD). The program will promote a likeminded leadership culture that is accountable and oriented to meeting the needs of the Georgian society. Furthermore, the program aims at strengthening the Georgian government capacity in decision-making, as well as increasing its transparency and flexibility in responding to the changing circumstances. In addition, this initiative intends to improve organizational cooperation among the Georgian public sectors and the country s interaction with other states and international organizations. The program is implemented during nine years ( ).

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6 sarcevi garemosdacvit seqtorsi saertasoriso donori organizaciebis saqartvelos mtavrobastan TanamSromlobis srulyofis ZiriTadi mimartulebebi levan andiasvili...7 adamianis janmrtelobasa da sabazro ekonomikaze sursatis uvneblobis regulaciebis srulyofis ZiriTadi mimartulebebi davit damenia...23 Teatris xelmisawvdomobis gazrda SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone pirebistvis zaza mewiauri...37 saqartvelosi TavSesafris sistemit araketilsindisierad sargeblobis prevencia ia pozovi...49 mxilebis meqanizmis danergvis mizansewoniloba saqartvelos kerzo seqtorsi xatia rexviasvili...61 samartaldamcavi organos mier personaluri monacemebis saertasoriso gadacemis proceduris xarvezebi mariam SaiSmelaSvili...79 sakvebi narcenebis regulirebis politikis srulyofis ZiriTadi mimartulebebi Tamar ServaSiZe...89 reziumeebi inglisur enaze...101

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8 garemosdacvit seqtorsi saertasoriso donori organizaciebis saqartvelos mtavrobastan TanamSromlobis srulyofis ZiriTadi mimartulebebi reziume levan andiasvili winamdebare politikis dokumentsi ganxilulia garemosdacviti seqtoris amjamindeli mdgomareoba saqartvelosi, warmodgenilia misi rogorc dadebiti, ise uaryofiti mxareebi da is savalalo Sedegebi, rac am problemebtan dakavsirebit saxelmwifos pasiur pozicias moaqvs. nasromsi gaanalizebulia is sakanonmdeblo baza da mocemuloba, romelic xelt aqvt specilistebs musaobisas, aseve warmodgenilia is ZiriTadi valdebulebebi, romlebic arebuli aqvs qveyanas saertasoriso doneze da is gamowvevebi, romelta gadawrac yoveldriurad uwevs. politikis dokumentsi warmodgenilia problemis mogvarebis ramdenime gza _ alternativa (I kerzo seqtoris CarTulobis gazrda, II saxelmwifos rolis gaaqtiureba da III sazogadoebrivi cnobierebis amarleba), Sefasebulia yvela alternativis dadebiti da uaryofiti mxareebi da alternativebis efeqtianobis multifaqtoruli analizis safuzvelze SerCeulia yvelaze misarebi, romelic xels Seuwyobs mdgrad ganvitarebas, dadebitad imoqmedebs rogorc mosaxleobaze, ise garemoze da imavdroulad uzrunvelyofs seqtoris winsvlas (nacvlad seqtoris faqtobrivi ganadgurebisa, rasac, samwuxarod, am etapze vxedavt). dokumentsi alternativebtan ertad mocemulia sxvadasxva xasiatis rekomendaciebi, romelta gatvaliswinebac aucilebelia da rac xels Seuwyobs im savalalo Sedegebis SeZlebisdagvarad Semcirebas, rasac yovelwliurad awydeba qveyana. nasromsi gaanalizebulia saxelmwifos mier garemosdacviti mimartulebit wlebis mixedvit daxarjuli Tanxebi, mat Soris, donori organizaciebisgan mirebuli daxmarebebi. ganxilulia iseti sakitxebi, rogoricaa seqtoris mdgradi ganvitareba da misi dafinanseba, garemosdacviti cnobierebis done da misi amjamindeli mdgomareoba. dokumentsi asaxuli problemuri sakitxebi yoveldriurad axdens uaryofit gavlenas rogorc saxelmwifos saertasoriso statusze, ise mosaxleobasa da garemoze. saxelmwifos mxridan donori organizaciebistvis valdebulebebis gadacema da pasiuri biurokratiuli roli ganapirobebs garemos dritidre gauaresebas, sferodan profesionali kadrebis gadinebas da Selaxul infrastruqturas, iqneba es ganadgurebuli qarsafari zoli, dauxvewavi kanonmdebloba, toqsikuri gamo- 7

9 nabolqvi Tu sxva savalalo Sedegebi (qvemot magalitebi dawvrilebitaa moyvanili). arsanisnavia, rom amgvari midgoma iwvevs mcodne specialistebis dargidan gadinebas, ris Sedegadac seqtori xdeba aramdgradi da momaval Taobebs globaluri xasiatis gadauwrel problemebs utovebs. kacibrioba yoveldriurad ganicdis garemos uaryofit zegavlenas. es aris klimatis cvlileba, gvalva, mewyeri, wyaldidoba, grigali, rac anadgurebs mosavals, sacxovrebels, infrastruqturas da xsirad adamianis sicocxlesac ki. ekonomikuri ganvitareba qveynis ketildreobis sawindaria, Tumca es procesi xsirad uaryofitad moqmedebs bunebriv resursebsa da garemoze. Sesabamisad, ekonomikis mdgradi ganvitareba mnisvnelovania qveynistvis, garemos dacvisa da bunebrivi resursebis racionaluri moxmarebis TvalsazrisiT. garda amisa, saqart velo aris mravali saertasoriso xelsekrulebis mxare, rac garkveul valdebulebas akisrebs qveyanas da amavdroulad gzas uxsnis, rom gaiziaros saerta- Soriso doneze dagrovili samecniero da metodologiuri gamocdileba 1. garemostan harmoniuli Tanaarseboba, adaptacia da zianis Serbileba warmoadgens rogorc rigiti adamianebis, ise saxelmwifos yoveldriur sazrunavs. Sesavali `yvelas aqvs ufleba cxovrobdes janmrtelobisatvis uvnebel garemosi, sargeblobdes bunebrivi da kulturuli garemoti~ 2 _ gansazrvrulia saqartvelos konstituciis 37-e muxlsi. konstituciis es debuleba qmnis garemos dacvis politikis SemuSavebisa da bunebrivi resursebis dacvis safuzvels. istoriam cxadyo, rom garemos dacvis mimart zedapiruli midgoma savalalo SedegebiT mtavrdeba da am Sedegebis armofxvra Zalian did Zalisxmevasa da resursebs sawiroebs. ase, magalitad, iaponiasi, q. minamatasi, qimiuri qarxnidan gadamusavebuli wylis (vercxlis wylis Semcveli qimikatis) CaSvebam 3 uamravi adamianis sicocxle Seiwira. es movlena `minamatas sneulebis~ saxelitaa cnobili da mas mohyva e.w. `minamatas konvenciis~ SemuSaveba, romelsac 2013 wels 128 saxelm wifom moawera xeli (mat Soris saqartvelom, Tumca ratificireba jer ar momxdara) 4. aseve cnobilia e.w. `sevesos katastrofa~, roca 1976 wels italiasi, q. se vesosi, qarxnidan gaifrqva qimiuri Rrubeli wels msofliom miiro `konvencia samrewvelo SemTxvevebis Sesaxeb~ da `sevesos direqtiva~ wels moxda British Petrolium-is (`bi-pis~) katastrofa, dazianda navtobis mompovebeli platforma, romlis Sedegad 87 dris ganmavlobasi wyalsi Caiqca saqartvelos garemos dacvis moqmedebata meore erovnuli programa ( ), gv.7. 2 saqartvelos konstitucia, muxli Minamata disease: methylmercury poisoning in Japan. (nanaxia ). 4 STATUS OF SIGNATURE, AND RATIFICATION, ACCEPTANCE, APPROVAL OR ACCESSION. (nanaxia ). 5 Industrial Accidents Convention. (nanaxia ). 8

10 milioni litri navtobi 6, kompania dajarimda 14 miliardi ass dolarit, Tumca garemostvis miyenebeuli ziani dremde ar aris armofxvrili. garemosadcviti problemebis gadawra xangrzlivi procesia. momavalsi dabin- Zu rebuli garemos ardgenistvis sawiro marali danaxarjebi SeiZleba Tavidan iqnes acilebuli dres mirebuli swori gadawyvetilebebit. Tavis mxriv, grzelvadiani miznebis mirweva mxolod moklevadiani da drouli RonisZiebebis ganxorcielebis gzitaa SesaZlebeli 7. saqartvelos mizans warmoadgens iseti garemosdacviti politikis gatareba, romelic uzrunvelyofs mis mdgrad ganvitarebas. amas araertxel gausves xazi qveynis pirvelma pirebma sakutar gancxadebebsi. ras warmoadgens mdgradi ganvitareba? mdgradi ganvitarebis gansazrvrebis mravali versia arsebobs, magram yvelaze gavrcelebuli ganmarteba warmodgenilia brundtlandis angarissi 8, sadac natqvamia, rom `mdgradi ganvitareba aris iseti ganvitareba, romelic akmayofilebs Tanamedrove Taobis sawiroebebs, momavali Taobebis sawiroebebis gatvaliswinebit~. mdgradi ganvitareba es aris socialuri, garemosdacviti da ekonomikuri aspeqtebis dabalansebuli urtiertoba. mdgradi ganvitareba warmoadgens nebismie ri qveynis stabiluri ganvitarebis winapirobas da gamonaklisi verc saqartvelo iqneba 9. qveyanasi dasaxuli miznebis misarwevad aucilebelia dabalansebuli politikis ganxorcieleba, samomavlo gegmebis gansazrvra da Catarebuli saqmianobis monitoringi. saqartvelos garemos dacvis moqmedebata erovnuli programa (NEAP), romelic, kanonmdeblobis Tanaxmad, 5 weliwadsi ertxel mzaddeba, warmoadgens qveynis mtavar politikis dokuments garemosdacvit seqtorsi, sadac asaxulia grzelvadiani da moklevadiani miznebi, aseve am miznebis misarwevad sawiro RonisZiebebi. am etapistvis damtkicebis processia mesame erovnuli programa wlebis- Tvis. rac Seexeba Sefasebis meqanizmebs, ert-ert mnisvnelovan dokumentad SegviZlia gamovyot gaeros evropis ekonomikuri komisiis (UNECE) mier SemuSavebuli `garemosdacviti saqianobis efeqtianobis mimoxilva~ (EPR), romelic warmoadgens qveynis saqmianobis Sefasebis dokuments, asaxavs mirweul progress da izleva Sesaba mis samomavlo rekomendaciebs. saqartvelosi garemos mdgomareobis Sesaxeb sazogadoebriobis informirebis miznit 4 weliwadsi ertxel mzaddeba garemos mdgomareobis Sesaxeb erovnuli moxseneba (SOE). 6 Deepwater Horizon BP Gulf of Mexico Oil Spill. (nanaxia ). 7 saqartvelos garemos dacvis moqmedebata meore erovnuli programa , Tbilisi, gv angarisi, romelic SeimuSava brundtlandis komisiam, romelsac oficialurad garemosa da ganvitarebis msoflio komisia ewodeba. 9 saqartvelos garemos dacvis moqmedebata meore erovnuli programa, , gv.10. 9

11 ukanaskneli aseti moxseneba daiwera 2013 wels. samwuxarod, garkveuli Sefer xebebis gamo, ver moxerxda moxsenebis 2017 wels gaketeba. saqartvelos garemos mdgomareobis Sesaxeb erovnuli moxseneba warmoadgens saqartvelos garemos mdgomareobis Sesaxeb arsebuli informaciis Semajamebel dokuments, romelic kompleqsurad afasebs saqartvelos garemosa da bunebrivi resursebis mdgomareobas. dokumenti sazogadoebas awvdis detalur informacias arnisnuli periodisatvis arsebuli ZiriTadi monacemebis Sesaxeb, garemosdacviti dargebis mixedvit. massi aseve gamaxvilebulia yuradreba qveynis garemos dacvis seqtorsi arsebul gamowvevebze da mati gadawris SesaZlo gzebze 10. politikis dokumentebis SemuSaveba Zalze mnisvnelovani wingadadgmuli nabijia saqartvelos garemosdacviti seqtoris ganvitarebis TvalsazrisiT, magram ormagad mnisvnelovania im SeniSvnebze musaoba, romlebic meordeba am dokumentebsi da, samwuxarod, permanentul xasiats atarebs. saqartvelos garemosa da bunebrivi resursebis dacvis saministros sistemasi 2017 wlistvis Sedioda: centraluri aparati, 6 sajaro samartlis iuridiuli piri (ssip) da 1 saxelmwifo saqveuwyebo dawesebuleba (ssd). amave wels saertasoriso donori organizaciebis dafinansebit mimdinareobda 65 proeqti. Tu gavitvaliswinebt, rom dafinansebuli proeqtebis biujetis jamuri odenoba 100 milion ass dolars aremateboda, xolo saministros biujetma 2017 wels 38 milioni lari Seadgina, advili gasagebi gaxdeba, rom garemosdacviti saqmianobis udidesi nawili donorta mxardaweris xarjze ganxorcielda. Sesabamisad, saxelmwifo cdilobs sakitxebis gadawras gare daxmarebis gamoyenebit da ara sakutari ZalebiT. nasromsi davinaxavt, rom mocemuli midgoma araefeqtiania da xsirad savalalo Sedegebi moaqvs. problemis dasma oficialuri monacemebit, saqartvelos garemosa da bunebrivi resursebis dacvis saministros biujetma 2014 wels Seadgina 26,8 milioni lari, rac, Tavis mxriv, mtliani saxelmwifo biujetis 0,4% iyo 11. martalia, 2015 wels dafinansebam 35 milion lars miarwia, magram mxedvelobasi unda mivirot is garemoeba, rom dafinansebis procentuli macvenebeli mtlian saxelmwifo biujettan mimartebit mnisvnelovnad ar Secvlila. SedarebisTvis, soflis meurneobis saministros biujeti 2014 wels 263 milion lars Seadgenda, xolo 2015-Si _ 291 milions 12. saqartvelos mesame erovnul SetyobinebaSi gaeros klimatis cvlilebis Car- Cokonvenciis mimart, ertmnisvnelovnad aris natqvami, rom garemosdacvit seqtors aqvs dafinansebis deficiti da mis mxardawerasi didi wvlili miuzrvis saer- TaSoriso donor organizaciebs. 10 garemos mdgomareobis Sesaxeb erovnuli moxseneba, wlebi, gv Environmental Performance Review, Georgia (Third Review), 2016, p Civil Georgia, (1oqt. 2014) 2015 wlis biujetis pirveladi proeqti. (nanaxia ) 10

12 ssip-si. donorta daxmarebaze damokidebuleba SeimCneva TiTqmis yvela dargsa Tu TvalsaCinoebisTvis, saqartvelos garemosa da bunebrivi resursebis dacvis saministros biujetma 2016 wels Seadgina 41 milioni lari 13, amave wels donoruli daxmarebit mimdinare proeqtebis jamurma dafinansebam Seadgina 150 milioni ass dolari, magram aqve unda itqvas, rom ramdenime proeqti or an met qveyanas moicavs da biujeti Sesabamisad aris gadanawilebuli, Tumca saqartvelos garemosdacviti seqtoris mxardasawerad gamoyofili daxmareba ar Seadgenda 100 mili on ass dolarze naklebs, rac 250 milion larze metia. 14 unda itqvas, rom rodesac qveynis mier am seqtoris dasafinanseblad gamoyofili Tanxa 5-jer naklebia donorul daxmarebaze, mizani unda iyos finansuri mdgradobis uzrunvelyofa da amgvari damokidebuliba ukuproporciulad moqmedebs. xazi unda gaesvas im garemoebas, rom miuxedavad donoruli daxmarebisa, saqartvelom gaeros evropis ekonomikuri komisiisgan kritikuli Sefaseba miiro. sruli Sefasebis naxva SesaZlebelia dokumentsi `saqartvelosi garemosdacviti saqmianobis efeqtianobis mesame mimoxilva~. ganvixilot am dokumentsi mocemuli ramdenime SeniSvna: 2008 wlidan moyolebuli haersi gafrqveuli emisiebis macvenebeli yovelwliurad izrdeba wlidan dremde 3-jer gaizarda avtomobilebis raodenoba 15. Camdinare wylis dabinzurebis TvalsazrisiT, sayofacxovrebo wylis mxolod 26% eqvemdebareba specialur damusavebas; rac Seexeba soflad arsebul mdgomareobas, udides nawilsi saertod ar aris sakanalizacio sistemebi da zianis datvlac SeuZlebelia. saqartvelosi sasmeli wylis siwarbis miuxedavad, soflad mcxovrebi mosaxleobis did nawils ar aqvs gamartuli wyalmomaragebis sistemebi. uaryofiti macvenebelia dafiqsirebuli miwis degradaciis mxriv. sasoflosameurneo miwis 35%-mde degradirebulia. gansakutrebit rtuli vitarebaa armosavlet saqartvelosi, sadac TiTqmis ar gamoiyeneba Tanamedrove fermeruli midgomebi, rogoricaa terasebi, buferuli zonebi da sxv. dabali Sefaseba daimsaxura narcenebis seqtormac. municipaluri narcenebis Segroveba qalaqebsi gamartulia, magram savalaloa zog sofelsi arsebuli mdgomareoba 16. SefasebaSi im garemoebaze ketdeba aqcenti, rom donori organizaciebis Tanadgoma ar aris sakmarisi im uamravi sakitxis gadasawrelad, romlebic dgas qveynis winase da sawiroa saxelmwifos mxridan ufro meti aqtiuroba. 13 ix. danarti 1, saqartvelos garemosa da bunebrivi resursebis dacvis saministros dafinanseba wlebsi. 14 ix. danarti 2, 2016 wels garemosdacvit seqtorsi saertasoriso donori organizaciebis mier gamoyofili Tanxebi. 15 Environmental Performance Review, Georgia (Third Review), 2016 (executive summary xxvii). 16 Environmental Performance Review, Georgia (Third Review), 2016 (executive summary xxvii). 11

13 donorul daxmarebas mravali dadebiti mxare aqvs: qveynebs Soris damegobreba, gamocdilebis gaziareba, saertasoriso standartebtan miaxloeba da sxva, Tumca medlis meore mxarea saxelmwifos mxridan pasiuri poziciis arceva, rac grzelvadian perspeqtivasi uaryofit Sedegebs izleva. magalitistvis, imis gamo, rom dasaqmebis bazarze mcirea garemosdacvit specialistebze motxovna, miviret vitareba, sadac saganmanatleblo sistemidan faqtobrivad gamqaralia Sesabamisi fakultetebi. es ki momavalsi mdgradi ganvi- Tarebis perspeqtivas ar izleva, radgan satanado kadris nakleboba sferos ganuvitareblobis sawindaria. unda itqvas, rom 2015 wels germaniis saertasoriso TanamSromlobis sazogadoebis (GIZ) dafinansebit, saqartvelos sazogadoebriv saqmeta institutsi (GIPA) Seiqmna samagistro programa: `garemosdacviti menejmentis da politikis samagistro programa~ 17, rac mxolod dadebitad SeiZleba Sefasdes da imeds vitovebt, rom programa ar Sewyvets arsebobas dafinansebis SeCerebis SemTxvevaSi. donor organizaciebze damokidebuleba badebs `sizarmacis~ sindroms _ qreba iniciaativebi. amis TvalsaCino magaliti iyo 2015 wels TbilisSi momxdari wyaldidoba _ ar arsebobda adreuli gafrtxilebis sistema da SemTxveva msxverplit dasrulda. aqve unda arinisnos, rom katastrofis Semdeg gaeros ganvitarebis programam (UNDP) gamoxata Tanadgoma da moxerxda gansakutrebit saxifato monakvetebze adreuli gafrtxilebis sistemebis dayeneba 18. edinburgis universitetis profesoris, viqtoria stenfordis publikacia- Si, Temaze `daxmarebaze damokidebuleba da donoruli daxmarebis uaryofiti mxareebi~, xazgasmulia, rom xsir SemTxvevaSi, garda ekonomikuri damokidebulebisa, daxmarebis mimreb saxelwifoebsi SeimCneva politikuri damokidebulebac, rodesac saxelmwifo lideris sadaveebs asustebs da gadawyvetilebis mirebis dros xelmzrvanelobs donori organizaciis interesebit an arapirdapiri mititebit 19. donoris daxmarebaze damokidebulebidan warmoqmnili problemebia: iniciativebis Sesusteba (devalvacia). kvalificiuri kadrebis deficitis warmoqmna. daxmarebis SeCerebis SemTxvevaSi, sferos nawilobrivi paralizeba, finansuri mdgradobis Sesusteba. grzelvadian perspeqtivasi mdgradi ganvitarebis susti macvenebeli. 17 garemosdacviti informaciisa da ganatlebis centri, samagistro programa `garemosdacviti menejmenti da politika~, centris vebmisamarti: eiec.gov.ge. 18 Reducing desaster risc in Georgia. reducing-disaster-risks-in-georgia.html (nanaxia ). 19 Aid Dependancy : The Damage of Donation, Victoria Stanford, University of Edinburgh, (July ). (nanaxia ). 12

14 problemis gadawris gzebi (alternativebi) rogorc vnaxet, saqme gvaqvs kompleqsur sakitxtan, sadac erti globaluri problema, kerzod, donorul daxmarebaze damokidebuleba, badebs rig qveproblemebs, rogorc gadaudebels, aseve potenciurs. saertasoriso donorul daxmarebaze damokidebulebis Sesamcireblad da potenciurad seqtoris finansuri mdgradobis uzrunvelsayofad ganvixilot sami gza _ sami alternativa. alternativa I _ kerzo seqtoris gaaqtiureba. iniciativasi ar igulisxmeba garemosdacviti Sefasebis kodeqsit gatvaliswinebuli zianis anazraurebis valdebulebis Sesruleba, romelsac kanoni isedac aregulirebs. saubari gvaqvs qveynis SigniT nebayoflobit Semowirulobebze, romlebic mimartuli iqneba konkretuli saqmianobis dasafinanseblad, iqneba es witel nusxasi Setanili cxovelebis gadarcena, tyis safaris ardgena Tu sxva wels evrokomisiis finansuri mxardawerit daiwyo proeqti `biomravalferovnebis finansuri iniciativa~ (BIOFIN) 20, romlis mizans warmoadgens biomravalferovnebis dafinansebis xarvezebis Sefaseba, datvliti metodologiis Semu- Saveba, xarjebis efeqtianobis Sefaseba da sxv. proeqtit warmodgenili finansebis moziebis ert-erti iniciativaa Tbilisis zooparktan TanamSromlobiT specialuri fondis dafuzneba, sadac kerzo seqtori Tanxis garebit daexmareba biomravalferovnebis seqtors. amgvari modelis gadmoreba _ fondebis Seqmna garemosdacviti iniciativebis mxardasawerad _ SesaZlebelia farto garemosdacvit speqtrzec. am fondebis efeqtianoba daadastura 2017 wlis borjomis tye-parkis xanzris Semdeg kerzo seq toris mier tyis arsadgenad garebuli finansuri mxardaweris mnisvnelobam. qvemot, cxrilsi, warmovadgent am I alternativis dadebit da uaryofit mxareebs: dadebiti mxareebi damatebiti finansebis mopoveba seqtoris mxardaweris miznit. sazogadoebisa da kerzo seqtoris cnobierebis amarleba. gaumjobesebuli garemo. uaryofiti mxareebi ar aris mdgradi, radgan Semowiruloba nebayoflobit saxes atarebs. moziduli finansebis simcire. kerzo seqtorsi ar aris bevri msxvili motamase. saministros reputaciis gauareseba (radgan is ver uzrunvelyofs seqtoris dafinansebas sakutari ZalebiT). 20 `biomravalferovnebis finansuri iniciativa~: (nanaxia ). 13

15 warmodgenili maxasiateblebis mixedvit Cans, rom es alternativa ver uzrunvelyofs garemosdacviti seqtoris saertasoriso donorul daxmarebaze damokidebulebisgan srul gatavisuflebas, magram xels Seuwyobs calkeuli dargebis gajansarebas. alternativa II _ saxelmwifos mier iniciativis sakutar xelsi areba. saqartvelo garemosdacvit seqtorsi mravali gamowvevis winase dgas, rogorc proeqt BIOFIN-is mier Catarebuli kvleva acvenebs, mxolod biomravalferovnebis dafinansebis nawilsi deficiti wlebsi 135 milioni ass dolari iqneba. rasakvirvelia, ar aris imis molodini, rom yvela gamowveva dafinansdeba, Tumca saxelmwifo xsirad Tavs ikavebs pirveladi aucileblobis RonisZiebebisgan, rac mnisvnelovan problemas warmoadgens. uamravi gamowveva sawiroebs myisier reagirebas. matgan Cven avirciet erterti _ qarsafari zolebis ganadgurebis sakitxi, romelic sakmaod mwvaved dgas. qarsafari zoli aris aucilebeli da mnisvnelovani, radgan 21 : amcirebs qaris sicqares; icavs mcenareebsa da mosavals; amcirebs cxovelebis sikvdilianobas civ periodsi; icavs garemos mtvrisgan; dasaxlebul punqtebsi amcirebs mzime teqnikisa da avtomobilebis xmaurs; gavlenas axdens haerisa da niadagis temperaturaze. samwuxarod, saqartvelosi ver moxerxda arsebuli qarsafari zolebis Senar- Cuneba da aucilebeli gaxda mati xelaxla gaseneba. yoveli dagvianebuli zamtari nisnavs gauaresebul mosavals, degradirebul miwas, gayinul pirutyvs da a. S. problemis gadasawrelad xdeba donorebis Zieba da sakitxis mogvareba mudmivad ideba. am vitarebasi dausvebelia saxelmwifo ezebdes donor organizacias da dro Wianurdebodes, radgan es problema sawiroebs myisier reagirebas. es alternativa gulisxmobs, rom nacvlad donorebis Ziebisa, saxelmwifom Tavad, sakutari saxsrebit, ganaxorcielos proeqti (proeqtebi). TvalsaCinoebis- Tvis avirot mxolod erti proeqti (problema), radgan sruli garemosdacviti speqtris Cveneba ert nasromsi SeuZlebeli iqneboda. 21 qarsafari zolis mnisvneloba da gasenebis sqemebi saqartvelostvis. (nanaxia ) 14

16 qvemot, cxrilsi, mocemulia II alternativis dadebiti da uaryofiti mxareebi: dadebiti mxareebi gazrdili mosavlianoba, mosavlis danakargis Semcireba. xmaurisa da mtveris Semcirebuli odenoba. naklebad degradirebuli garemo. gaumjobesebuli sacxovrebeli pirobebi. uaryofiti mxareebi proeqtis xangrzlivi vada. proeqtis didi masstabebi. xarjebis garebis Sedegi mxolod wlebis Semdeg gamocndeba. SesaZloa biujetsi ar moizebnos sakmarisi Tanxebi. dasaqmebuli adgilobrivi mosaxleoba. II alternativa _ saxelmwifos mier iniciativis sakutar xelsi areba, sxva alternativebtan SeTavsebiT da zomieri donoruli daxmarebis gamoyenebit, yvelaze efeqtiani sasualebaa mdgradi garemosdacviti seqtoris Camoyalibebis gzaze. alternativa III _ garemosdacvit sakitxebsi sazogadoebis cnobierebis amarleba. aq igulisxmeba informirebulobis gazrda im miznit, rom mosaxleobam sworad dainaxos jansari garemos mnisvneloba. xelisuflebam unda igrznos jansari garemos formirebis motxovna sazogadoebis mxridan, winaarmdeg SemTxvevaSi, mocemuli seqtori an mudam damokidebuli iqneba donorebze, an minimalur dafinansebas dasjerdeba. iniciativis ganxorcieleba SesaZlebelia relevanturi sauniversiteto prog ramebis SemoRebiT, skolamdel da saskolo programebsi garemosdacviti modu lis CarTviT, sxvadasxva garemosdacviti aqtivobebisa Tu TamaSebis CatarebiT. qvemot, cxrilsi, warmodgenilia III alternativis dadebiti da uaryofiti mxareebi: dadebiti mxareebi gazrdili cnobiereba da sazogadoebis mxridan jansari garemos motxovna. potenciurad gazrdili dafinanseba garemosdacvit seqtorsi. uaryofiti mxareebi ver daexmareba moulodnelad wamowrili sakitxebis mogvarebas. Sedegi gamocndeba mxolod xangrzlivi periodis Semdeg. momavalsi profesionali kadris formireba. 15

17 vfiqrobt, es alternativa damoukideblad ver iarsebebs da mxolod sxva alternativebtan ertad mogvcems dadebit Sedegs. alternativebis SefasebisTvis gamoviyenot efeqtianobis multifaqtoruli analizi (ix. cxrili). kriteriumebi finansebis mozidva garemosdacvit seqtorsi alternativebi I (1-5 qula) II (1-5qula) III (1-5qula) 4X30=120 5X30=150 1X30=30 gaumjobesebuli garemo 3X20=60 4X20=80 2X20=40 garemosdacviti seqtoris mdgradi ganvitareba 3X25=75 4X25=100 5X25=125 sazogadoebrivi azri 3X10=30 5X10=50 5X10=50 beneficiarta dadebiti ganwyoba 3X15=45 3X15=45 5X15=75 jamuri qula rogorc cxrilidan Cans, II alternativa sagrznoblad uswrebs sxvebs da kidev ertxel warmoacens, rom saxelmwifom aucileblad Tavad unda itvirtos garemosdacviti problemebi da ar unda ezios sxva Semsruleblebi. rekomendaciebi multifaqtoruli analizis cxrilidan gamocnda, rom II alternativa _ saxelm wifos mier iniciativis sakutar xelsi areba _ mravali kriteriumit sjobia sxva alternativebs, Tumca aqve unda arinisnos, rom es alternativa amavdroulad rtulad gansaxorcielebelic aris. II alternativis ganxorcielebas aucileblad esawiroeba Semdegi qmedebebi: gaaqtiurdes garemosdacviti seqtori rogorc samtavrobo, ise saparlamento (komitetebis) doneze da biujetis damtkicebis processi waradginos dasabutebuli argumentebi sawiro dafinansebis mosapoveblad. daiwyos gadaudebeli aucileblobis proeqtebis saxelmwifos xarjit dafinanseba. samwuxarod, saswrafod gadasawreli sakitxebi saqartvelos garemosdacvit seqtorsi Zalze bevria, iqneba es Camdinare-sayofacxovrebo wylis filtracia, haersi gafrqvevebis kontroli, adreuli gafrtxilebis sistemebis instalacia da sxva. rtulia imis gansazrvra, Tu ra daujdeba saxelmwifos gadaudebeli garemosdacviti iniciativebis sakutar Tavze areba, radgan es Tanxa SesaZloa iyos rogorc ramdenime milioni, ise atobit da asobit milioni, magram xazi unda gaesvas imas, rom es aris ara marto gansaxorcielebeli iniciativa, aramed _ gardauvalic. 16

18 arasamtavrobo seqtoris gaaqtiureba, mosaxleobasi cnobierebis amarlebis mimartulebit kampaniebis Catareba, maqsimaluri zewola xelisuflebaze, rom win wamoiwios sakitxma da mieniwos upiratesoba. aucileblobas warmoadgens garemosdacvit seqtorsi profesionali kadris Camoyalibebisa da SenarCunebis sakitxebis mogvareba, aseve saxelmwifos mxridan saganmanatleblo seqtoris waxaliseba. Seiqmnas ufaso saswavlo programebi garemosdacviti mimartulebit. arnisnuli xels Seuwyobs sazogadoebasi garemosdacviti kutxit cnobierebis amarlebasac da dargis mnisvnelobas gausvams xazs. samwuxarod, am etapze garemosdacvi- Ti seqtori saqartvelos mosaxleobasi micneulia meorexarisxovan da irelevantur dargad, rac miutitebs informaciis naklebobaze. sawiroa SemuSavdes savaldebulo saswavlo modulebi da cnobierebis asamarlebeli programebi skolamdeli da saskolo asakis mozardebistvis. saganmanatleblo programebis ganxorcieleba ar aris dakavsirebuli did TanxebTan da grzelvadian perspeqtivasi gaamartlebs daxarjul investicias, radgan Sedegad mogvcems profesionalur kadrebs, gazrdil cnobadobasa da, rac mtavaria, gaumjobesebul garemos. saqartvelos garemos dacvisa da soflis meurneobis saministros ssip `garemosdacviti informaciisa da ganatlebis centris~ mizania gazardos cnobiereba garemosdacviti mimartulebit, iqneba es skolamdeli swavlebis programebsi garemosdacviti komponentis Setana 22, seminarebi Tu sxva msgavsi saxis aqtivobebi. danamdvilebit SeiZleba itqvas, rom mdgradi ganvitarebis uzrunvelsayofad aucilebelia saganmanatleblo seqtoris am mimartulebit gaaqtiureba, magram miznis mirweva SeuZlebelia mxolod centris iniciativebit. gasatvaliswinebelia is garemoebac, rom garemosdacvit seqtorsi aris bevri saertasoriso gacvliti programa, rac, Tavis mxriv, waaxalisebs am mimartulebit studentebis aqtiurobas da xels Seuwyobs sauketeso gamocdilebis gaziarebas. daskvna sajaro politikis Cveni dokumentis mizani iyo gvecvenebina, Tu ramdenad mnisvnelovania garemosdacviti seqtoris ganvitareba, iqneba es saertasoriso valdebulebebis Sesrulebis gzaze Tu Sidasaxelmwifoebrivi mdgradi ganvitarebis uzrunvelsayofad. davinaxet, Tu saqartvelosi ramdenad aris damokidebuli es seqtori donorul daxmarebaze da xsirad gare daxmarebis garese rogori uzluria sasicocxlo mnisvnelobis sakitxebis gadawrisas. ganvixilet alternativebi, romlebmac unda daacqaron sferos mdgradi ganvitarebisken ufro Cqari svla da uzrunvelyon stabiluroba da ekonomikuri damoukidebloba. 22 `mwvane jildo~: (nanaxia ) 17

19 saqartvelos ekonomikuri mdgomareobidan gamomdinare, ibadeba legitimuri kitxva: ratom unda moakldes Tanxa socialur programebs, Tavdacvas, ganatlebas an sxva relevantur dargs da moxmardes garemos dacvas? am kitxvas pasuxi gaeca 2015 wels, rodesac gaeros 193 wevri qveyana (mat Soris saqartvelo) SeTanxmda `mdgradi ganvitarebis dris wesrigis dokumentze~, 23 romelic moicavs 17 globalur mizansa da 169 amocanas, am 17 miznidan 6 pirdapir ukavsirdeba jansar garemosa da mis dacvas. dokumentis amocanaa 2030 wlistvis gardaqmnas samyaro uketesobisken da Camoayalibos iseti garemo, romelic iqneba mdgradi da uzrunvelyofs momavali TaobebisTvis stabiluri da jansari ganvitarebis winapirobas. zemoarnisnulidan gamomdinare SeiZleba davaskvnat, rom saqartvelos valdebulebaa garemoze zrunva da maqsimaluri SesaZleblobebis gamoyeneba dasaxuli miznebis misarwevad. `gaertianebuli erebis organizaciis klimatis cvlilebis CarCokonvenciis parizis SeTanxmebis~ 24 mesame muxlsi saubaria imaze, rom saerto globaluri miznis misarwevad ganvitarebulma saxelmwifoebma mxari unda dauwiron ganvitarebad da naklebad ganvitarebul qveynebs. rasakvirvelia, aq igulisxmeba mxardawera, romelic daexmareba saxelmwifos im proeqtebis ganxorcielebasi, romlebic xels Seuwyoben parizis SeTanxmebiT gatvaliswinebuli miznebis Sesrulebas. rogorc araertxel arvnisnet, saqartvelom unda gamoiyenos Tavisi mdgomareoba _ sasualeba miiros saertasoriso daxmareba globaluri miznebis misarwevad, xolo gamotavisuflebuli adgilobrivi resursi moaxmaros gadaudebeli problemebis mogvarebas. xsir SemTxvevaSi donoruli daxmarebis Ziebis procesi ert weliwadze met dros moitxovs, rac mravali problemis gadawristvis dagvianebuli vadaa da, garemos ziantan ertad, iwvevs mosaxleobis pirdapir an irib dazaralebas. alternativebis ganxilvisas davinaxet, rom aucileblobas warmoadgens rogorc saxelmwifos mxridan meti yuradrebis gamocena garemosdacviti sakitxebis mimart, ise kerzo seqtoris gaaqtiureba, sazogadoebis informirebulobis gazrda, sxvadasxva saxeobis garemosdacviti iniciativebis, gaertianebebisa da mozraobebis popularizacia saerto miznis mirwevis gzaze. Tu ase ar moxdeba, mivirebt daqveitebul seqtors, romelic gare xelsewyobis garese ver SeZlebs saqmianobas. 23 gaeros mdgradi ganvitarebis miznebi. (nanaxia ) 24 konvencia ZalaSi Sedis 2020 wlidan. 18

20 bibliografia samartlebrivi aqtebi: 1. saqartvelos konstitucia; 2. gaertianebuli erebis organizaciis klimatis cvlilebis CarCokonvencia, 1992 w.; 3. saqartvelos kanoni garemos dacvis Sesaxeb 1996 w. publikaciebi: 1. saqartvelos garemos dacvis moqmedebata meore erovnuli programa w.w. 2. garemos mdgomareobis Sesaxeb erovnuli moxseneba w.w. internetresursebi: 1. Minamata disease: methylmercury poisoning in Japan. (nanaxia ). 2. STATUS OF SIGNATURE, AND RATIFICATION, ACCEPTANCE, APPROVAL OR ACCESSION. (nanaxia ). 3. Industrial Accidents Convention. (nanaxia ). 4. Deepwater Horizon BP Gulf of Mexico Oil Spill/ (nanaxia ). 5. Civil Georgia, (1oqt.2014) 2015 wlis biujetis pirveladi proeqti. php?id=28719 (nanaxia ). 6. Reducing desaster risc in Georgia. (nanaxia ). 7. Aid Dependancy : The Damage of Donation, Victoria Stanford, University of Edinburgh, (July ) (nanaxia ). 8. `biomravalferovnebis finansuri iniciativa~ (nanaxia ) 9. qarsafari zolis mnisvneloba da gasenebis sqemebi saqartvelostvis. (nanaxia ). 10. `mwvane jildo~; (nanaxia ). 11. gaeros mdgradi ganvitarebis miznebi WpjwYWpuaUk (nanaxia ) 19

21 danarti # 1 saqartvelos garemosa da bunebrivi resursebis dacvis saministros dafinanseba wlebsi dasaxeleba 2015 weli 2016 weli 2017 weli ganmaxorcielebeli saqartvelos garemosa da bunebrivi resursebis dacvis saministro 37, lari 41,655,887.6 lari 38,970,029.7 lari garemosdacvit sferosi politikis SemuSaveba, regulireba da martva 6,124, ,309, ,135,585.2 saministros aparati garemosdacviti zedamxedveloba satyeo sistemis Camoyalibeba da martva erovnuli saseni meurneobis sistemis Camoyalibeba da martva birtvuli da radiaciuli usafrtxoebis dacva garemosdacviti informaciis xelmisawvdomobisa da garemosdacviti ganatlebis xelsewyobis programa daculi teritoriebis sistemis Camoyalibeba da martva garemos dacvis sferosi monitoringi, prognozireba, prevencia da bunebrivi resursebis martva 11,549, ,899, ,050, ,137, ,459, ,452, , , , , , , ,692, ,928, ,475, ,082, ,710, , , ,484.7 garemosdacviti zedamxedvelobis departamenti ssip erovnuli satyeo saagento ssip erovnuli saseni meurneoba ssip birtvuli da radiaciuli usafrtxoebis saagento ssip garemosdacviti informaciisa da ganatlebis centri ssip daculi teritoriebis saagento ssip garemos erovnuli saagento 20

22 danarti # wels saertasoriso donori organizaciebis mier gamoyofili Tanxebi 21

23

24 adamianis janmrtelobasa da sabazro ekonomikaze sursatis uvneblobis regulaciebis srulyofis ZiriTadi mimartulebebi reziume davit damenia sursatis uvneblobis regulireba Tanamedrove msoflios ert-erti mtavari gamowvevaa. sursatis uvneblobis miznit regulaciebis gamkacreba aris umnisvnelovanesi meqanizmi, romelic xels uwyobs sursatit gamowveuli daavadebebis riskfaqtorebis Semcirebas da adamianis sikvdilianobis maqsimalurad acilebas Tavidan. arsanisnavia, rom regulaciebis gamkacrebas, bunebrivad sdevs riski, rom igi uaryofitad SeiZleba aisaxos sabazro ekonomikaze da gazardos xarjebi mwarmoeblebistvis an/da momxmareblebistvis. winamdebare politikis dokumentsi gamokvetilia is ZiriTadi probelemebi da gamowvevebi, rac drevandeli mdgomareobit arsebobs saxelmwifosi sursatis uvneblobis regulirebis mxriv da moyvanilia mati mogvarebis gzebi. politikis dokumentis problemis arwerasi asaxulia mavne sursatis gamoyenebis Sedegad gamowveuli daavadebebis statistika, rogorc msoflio, aseve saqartvelos masstabit da is xarji, rac saxelmwifos aqvs msgavsi SemTxvevebis mkurnalobisas. aseve gamokvetilia ori mtavri faqtori, romlebzec gavlenas axdens sursatis uvneblobis regulaciebis gamkacreba Tu Serbileba _ adamianta janmrteloba da sabazro ekonomika. dokumentis alternativebis nawilsi moyvanilia sami ZiriTadi alternativa _ gzebi saxelmwifos winase arsebuli gamowvevebis gadasawrelad. TiToeuli alternativistvis gaketebulia xarjtsargeblianobis analizi da bolos, multifaqtoruli analizis Sedegad SerCeulia optimaluri alternativa. politikis dokumentis daskvnit nawilsi SemuSavebulia rekomendaciebi, Tu ra RonisZiebebi unda ganaxorcielos saxelmwifom, rom sauketesod micneuli alternativis realizeba moaxdinos praqtikasi. nasromis bolos warmodgenilia daskvna. Sesavali msoflio jandacvis organizaciis monacemebit, yovelwliurad yoveli ati adamianidan erti avaddeba mavne sursatis moxmarebit, ris Sedegadac, saboloo jamsi, yovelwliurad irupeba adamiani. am adamianis ert mesameds warmoadgenen xut wlamde asakis bavsvebi 1. 1 WHO s first ever global estimates of foodborne diseases find children under 5 account for almost one third of deaths 5-account-for-almost-one-third-of-deaths (nanaxia ). 23

25 saqartvelosi yovelwliurad izrdeba mavne sursatis moxmarebis Sedegad daavadebul adamianta ricxvi wlis monacemebit, mxolod sursatit intoqsikaciis SemTxveva dafiqsirda, ris mkurnalobazec sayoveltao janmrtelobis dacvis saxelmwifo programis dafinansebis farglebsi 10 mln. larze metia daxarjuli. saqartvelosi msgavsi SemTxvevebis aseti masstaburoba miutitebs, rom sursatis uvneblobis regulirebis miznit saxelmwifom unda gaataros masstaburi saxis RonisZiebebi. am RonisZiebebisTvis mtavar dabrkolebas warmoadgens ori faqtoris _ adamianis janmrtelobisa da sabazro ekonomikis dapirispireba sursatis uvneblobis regulirebis kutxit. es gulisxmobs, rom ert SemTxvevaSi sursatis uvneblobis regulaciebis gamkacreba, martalia, gamoiwvevs adamianta janmrtelobis mkvetr gaumjobesebas da saxelmwifos xarjebis Semcirebas, magram, meore mxriv, mzime tvirtad daawveba mewarmeebs da mkvetrad gazrdis mat xarjebs, rac ganapirobebs sasursato produqciis fasebis mkvetr zrdas; meore SemTxevaSi ki, sursatis uvneblobis regulirebis Serbileba an msgavsi saxit SenarCuneba, rogorc dres aris, gamoiwvevs daavadebul adamianta ricxvis zrdas da, Sesabamisad, mat mkurnalobaze saxelmwifos mxridan gaweuli xarjebis zrdas. Tumca amavdroulad igi ar daawveba mewarmeebs damatebit xarjad da mattvis Seqmnis stabilur da momgebian ekonomikur garemos. yovelive zemoarnisnulidan gamomdinare, saxelmwifom Tavisi SezRuduli resursebisa da SesaZleblobebis gatvaliswinebit unda gansazrvros prioritetebi da miiros iseti gadawyvetileba, romlitac dakmayofilebuli iqneba yvela dainteresebuli mxaris interesebi. winamdebare nasromis mizania gamovkvetot sursatis uvneblobis regulirebis is ZiriTadi problemebi da gamowvevebi, romlebic dres saxelmwifosi arsebobs, warmovadginot mati gadawris alternatiuli gzebi da multifaqtoruli analizis Sedegad SevarCioT warmodgenil alternativebs Soris yvelaze optimaluri varianti. problemis arwera msoflio jandacvis organizaciis monacemebit, mavne sursatis moxmarebit gamowveuli daavadebebis nusxa yovelwliurad fartovdeba 2, rac ganpirobebulia imit, rom adamianebs msoflios masstabit SezRuduli aqvt wvdoma uvnebel sursatze. uvnebel sursatze wvdomis SezRudva SesaZlebelia daiyos or mimartulebad: 1) SezRudva bazarze uvnebeli sursatis ararsebobis an/da misi simwiris gamo da 2) SezRudva uvnebeli produqtis marali fasebis gamo. 2 Global burden of foodborne diseases. World Health Organization, (nanaxia ). 24

26 saqartvelos statistikis erovnuli samsaxuris 2018 wlis monacemebit, samom xmareblo kalatasi sursatis da ualkoholo sasmelebis wili aris 30,3% 3, xolo mosaxleobis sasursato xarjebis wilma mtlian samomxmareblo xarjebsi 2016 wlis monacemebit, 43,1% Seadgina. rogorc vxedavt, sursatis wili Zalian didia samomxmareblo kalatasi da adamianebi TavianTi xarjebis umetes nawils swored sasursato produqciaze xarjaven. bunebrivia, ibadeba kitxva, Tu ramdenad xarisxian da uvnebel sursatze aqvt adamianebs wvdoma Tavisi danaxarjebit. qvemot moyvanil cxrilsi 1 mocemulia savaraudod wyaltan da sakvebtan dakavsirebuli ZiriTadi infeqciebis raodenoba saqartvelosi wlebsi. cxrili 1 4 daavadeba botulizmi savaraudo infeqciuri warmosobis diarea savaraudo sakvebismieri mosxamva salmonelozi Sigelozi mwvave hepatiti A brucelozi triqnelozi SemTxvevaze anazraurebuli Tanxa (lari) rogorc zemot mocemuli cxrilidan Cans, saqartvelosi mavne sursatis moxmarebit gamowveuli janmrtelobis problemebi sakmaod masstaburia. es uaryofi- Tad aisaxeba ara mxolod adamianta janmrtelobaze, aramed, aseve, saxelmwifo biujetis xarjvit nawilzec. kerzod, saxelmwifos uwevs daafinansos mavne sur- 3 `inflaciis gaangarisebis metodologiis Sesaxeb~, saqartvelos statistikis erovnuli samsaxuri pdf (nanaxia 10 Tebervals, 2018 w.) arsanisnavia, rom `sursatis/cxovelis sakvebis uvneblobis, veterinariisa da mcenareta dacvis kodeqsis~ mixedvit, termini `sursati~ aseve moicavs yvela saxeobis sasmels (mat Soris, alkoholian da ualkoholo sasmelebs) da ar moicavs Tambaqos da Tambaqos produqtebs. xolo saqartvelos statistikis erovnuli samsaxuris mier samomxmareblo kalatis gamotvlis klasifikatorebsi alkoholuri sasmelebi da Tambaqo mocemulia ertian klasifikatorsi da miniwebuli aqvs 6,7% wili. Sesabamisad, Tuki moxdeba alkoholuri sasmelebis Sesabamisi procentuli wilis damateba sursatisa da araalkoholuri sasmelebis klasifikatorze, masin teqstsi mititebuli 30,3% gaizrdeba. 4 saqartvelos Sromis, janmrtelobisa da socialuri dacvis saministros 2018 wlis 26 martis #01/17581 werili. 25

27 satis gamoyenebit daavadebuli adamianebi, romlebic sayoveltao janmrtelobis dacvis saxelmwifo programis beneficiarebi arian. arnisnuli xarji, bolo xuti wlis monacemebis mixedvit, sasualod warmoadgens lars. yovelive zemotqmulidan gamomdinare SegviZlia davaskvnat, rom sursatis uvneblobis dres arsebuli regulaciebi satanadod ver uzrunvelyofs sursa- Tis xarisxis monitorings. es ki uaryofitad moqmedebs adamianis janmrtelobaze, rac, Tavis mxriv, aisaxeba rogorc adamianis, ise saxelmwifo biujetis xarjvit nawilze. saqartvelom bolo wlebis ganmavlobasi bevri nabiji gadadga sursatis uvneblobis uket regulirebis mimartulebit. aqedan arsanisnavia saqartvelos mier nakisri valdebuleba, rom evrokavsiris kanonmdeblobas dauaxlovos qveynis sakanonmdeblo baza. aseve mnisvnelovania Rrma da yovlismomcveli Tavisufali savawro sivrcis Sesaxeb SeTanxmebiT (DCFTA) sursatis uvneblobis mxriv arebuli valdebulebebis etapobrivi da efeqtiani danergva, SeTanxmebiTve gansazrvruli droiti periodebis gatvaliswinebit 5. Tumca aq problemas warmoadgens is, rom qveynis arastabiluri ekonomikuri garemo da bazris arasatanadod momzadeba izulebuls xdis kanonmdebels ama Tu im regulaciis amoqmedebis vada gadaitanos drois xangrzlivi periodit 6. aseve ar aris dadgenili is minimaluri da maqsimaluri zrvari, Tu ra donemde unda miuaxlovdes qveyana arnisnul regulaciebs. es ki iwvevs gaurkvevlobas 7. DCFTA moitxovs qveyanasi Sesabamisi instituciebis da sistemebis efeqtian funqcionirebas, aseve, mewarmeta mxridan _ uzrunvelyon am SeTanxmebiT gansazrvrul evrokavsiris regulaciebtan Sesabamisoba. am motxovnebis danergva gansakutrebit mtkivneulia mcire da sasualo mewarmeebistvis rogorc finansuri, ise Sesabamisi codnisa da kvalifikaciis mqone samusao Zalis moziebis gamo. sursatis uvneblobis regulaciebis gamkacreba, iqneba es DCFTA-s farglebsi Tu qveynis Siga kanonmdeblobis doneze, mewarmeebistvis awesebs axal standarts, romelic mewarmem unda daicvas. winaarmdeg SemTxvevaSi, igi izulebuli gaxdeba CamoSordes bazars. CamoTvlili standartebis dacva xsir SemTxvevaSi sawiroebs sawarmoo danadgarebis ganaxlebas, kvalificiuri musaxelis daqiravebas an/da arsebuli musaxelis gadamzadebas. aseve warmoisoba sawiroeba mewarmem Seusabamos Tavisi produqciis xarisxi dawesebul standartebs da am miznit igi izulebulia periodulad Caataros Sesabamisi laboratoriuli kvlevebi. am RonisZiebebis ganxorcieleba didi odenobis Tanxebs moitxovs, rac, Tavis mxriv, azvirebs sawarmoebeli produqciis TviTRirebulebas. 5 Tavisufali vawrobis Sesaxeb SeTanxmeba: (nanaxia ). 6 magalitad, ix. `mcenareuli da cxoveluri warmosobis sursat(ze)si/cxovelis sakveb(ze)si pesticidebis narcenebis maqsimaluri donis Sesaxeb teqnikuri reglamentis damtkicebis Taobaze~ saqartvelos mtavrobis 2016 wlis 29 dekembris # 623 dadgenileba. aseve, `sakvebi danamatebis Sesaxeb teqnikuri reglamentis damtkicebis Taobaze~ saqartvelos mtavrobis 2016 wlis 23 dekembris 585 dadgenileba. 7 dreis mdgomareobit, DCFTA-is farglebsi mirebuli sakanonmdeblo cvlilebebis paketebze ar arsebobs evrokavsiris daskvna, Tu ramdenad Seasrula saqartvelom sakanonmdeblo daaxloebastan dakavsirebuli Tavisi valdebuleba. 26

28 sawarmoebeli produqciis TviTRirebulebis gazrdis SemTxvevaSi, mewarme xsirad izulebulia gazardos produqtis sabazro Rirebuleba da amit moaxerxos danaxarjebis kompensireba. Tavis mxriv, es nisnavs, rom, martalia, bazarze gamova axali, standartebs daqvemdebarebuli, usafrtxo sasursato produqti, magram misi fasi iqneba gazrdili da saqartvelos bazarze arsebuli sasualo da dabal- Semosavliani momxareblistvis, romelic momxmarebelta bazris umravlesobas warmoadgens, sizviris gamo ar iqneba xelmisawvdomi da, Sesabamisad, am produqtze SeizRudeba wvdoma. yovelive zemoarnisnulis gatvaliswinebit, SegviZlia davaskvnat, rom Ziri- Tad problemas warmoadgens ori faqtoris _ adamianis janmrtelobisa da sabazro ekonomikis dapirispireba sursatis uvneblobis regulirebis kutxit. Sesabamisad, saxelmwifo dgeba dilemis winase _ rogor unda gansazrvros, romeli faqtoria mistvis prioritetuli, imis gatvaliswinebit, rom saxelmwifos resursebi Sez- Rudulia. problemis gadawris gzebi (alternativebi) I alternativa _ saxelmwifos mier sursatis uvneblobis regulaciebis gamkacreba, rogorc qveynis Sida kanonmdeblobis doneze, ise DCFTA-s farglebsi arebul valdebulebebtan maqsimaluri daaxloebis gzit. alternativis formulirebidan gamomdinare, saxelmwifom sursatis uvneblobis regulirebis kutxit: 2030 wlistvis maqsimalurad unda dauaxlovos sakanonmdeblo baza DCFTA-s farglebsi arsebul valdebulebebs; moaxdinos sursatis saxelmwifo kontroli yvela etapze (mat Soris, pirvelad warmoebasic); gazardos sursatis erovnuli saagentos inspeqtorebis Stati 200 erteulit 8 ; gazardos sajarimo sanqcia _ fiqsirebuli 1000 lari da daafuznos igi biznesoperatoris saqminobis sferos da mis wliur brunvas. aseve SesaZlebelia, regu laciebis darrvevis SemTxvevaSi, biznesoperators jarima daekisros im odenobit, ra odenobis mogebac man naxa arnisnuli darrvevis Sedegad 9. sursatis uvneblobis mimartulebit regulaciebisa da kontrolis gamkacrebis dadebit faqtorad SegviZlia ganvixilot mavne sursatis moxmarebis Sedegad daavadebul adamianta raodenobis Semcireba. Tavis mxriv, daavadebul 8 sursatis uvneblobis kutxit evrokavsiris motxovnebis uzrunvelsayofad saqartvelosi sawiroa 800 sastato erteuli. ix.: Amat Adarov and Peter Havlik, Benefits and Costs of DCFTA: Evaluation of the Impact on Georgia, Moldova and Ukraine, Joint Work Paper, Vienna, 2016, p mogebis Sesabamisi jarimis dakisrebis Taobaze evrokavsiris wevr qveynebsi axla ireben da axorcieleben direqtivebs. Sexvedra estonetis soflis saqmeta saministros sursatis usafrtxoebis departamentis xelmzrvaneltan, baton martin minaievtan, 2018 wlis 17 maisi. 27

29 adamianta raodenobis Semcirebis Sedegad, saxelmwifos mouwevs naklebi Tanxis daxarjva sayoveltao janmrtelobis dacvis saxelmwifo programis farglebsi. uaryofit mxared SegviZlia ganvixilot mewarmeebis xarji sawarmoos gadaiararebistvis, Sesabamisi standartebis dakmayofilebis miznit an/da musaxelis gadamzadebis/daqiravebis xarji, rac, bunebrivia, mat xarjebs zrdis ara mxolod ertjeradad, aramed grzelvadian periodsic. amastan gasatvaliswinebelia, rom soflis meurneobasi momusave sawarmoebistvis finansebis mozieba ert-ert yvelaze did dabrkolebas warmoadgens 10. magalitistvis SegviZlia moviyvanot safrtxis analizisa da kritikuli sakon trolo wertilebis (HACCP Hazzard Analysis and Critical Control Points) principebze dafuznebuli sistemis mowyoba, romelic damokidebulia kompaniis sidideze da SesaZloa meryeobdes dan laramdec ki. danartsi #1 moyvanilia erti wlis ganmavlobasi HACCP-is danergvis da mis standartebtan SesabamisobaSi moyvanis miznit gasawevi xarjebis sasualo moculoba. qvemot mocemul cxrilsi 2 Sesrulebulia I alternativis xarjtsargeblianobis analizi cxrili 2 13 komponentebi xarjebi (larsi) sargebeli saxelmwifo Sromis anazraureba daaxloebit 6-jer naklebi Tanxa daixarjeba jandacvis biujetidan. sasualod lari _ daavadebul adamianta mkurnalobaze. 2. dadebiti politikuri Sefaseba evrokavsiris mxridan. mcire mewarme 13 sasualo msxvili socialuri zemoqmedeba sazogadoebistvis xelmisawvdomi gaxdeba uvnebeli sursati. 10 Amat Adarov and Peter Havlik, 2016, gv daangarisebulia damatebuli 200 inspeqtoris sasualo xelfasi, 1200 lari erti wlis manzilze. 12 arnisnuli ricxvi mirebulia 2013 wlidan 2017 wlamde mavne sursatis moxmarebis Sedegad daavadebul adamianta mkurnalobaze daxarjuli Tanxis sasualo moculobis _ laris eqvsjer Semcirebis Sedegad. 13 datvlilia erti mewarmis xarji mxolod HACCP-is magalitze, roca sawiroa sruli gadaiarareba. ar itvaliswinebs sxva sakanonmdeblo cvlilebebit gamowveul xarjebs. 28

30 jandacva 2030 wlistvis daaxloebit 6-jer Semcirdeba mavne sursatis gamoyenebit daavadebul adamianta ricxvi. 14 riskebi 1. sasursato produqtze fasebis zrda. 2. bazarze SesaZloa darces mxolod msxvili kompaniebi. 14 II alternativa _ sursatis regulaciebisa da kontrolis gamkacreba da mewarmeobis xelsewyobis programebis ganvitareba. alternativis formulirebidan gamomdinare, saxelmwifom unda gaamkacros sursatis uvneblobis regulaciebi da masze kontroli, 2030 wlistvis unda danergos yvela evroregulacia, magram amavdroulad SeimuSaos specialuri programebi, romlebic xels Seuwyoben adgilobriv mewarmeebs sawarmoo gadaiararebasa da musaxelis gadamzadebasi 15. sasurvelia arnisnuli dafinanseba ufro metad moxmardes mcire da sasualo biznesis warmomadgenlebs da saxelmwifos mxridan Tanamonawileobam TiToeul proeqtze Seadginos ara umetes 70%-isa. arnisnuli alternativis dadebiti mxarea is, rom mewarmeebis xarji arsebi- Tad ar gaizrdeba, Sesabamisad, arc sursatze fasebi gaizrdeba. amavdroulad Semcirdeba mavne sursatit daavadebis statistika da, Sesabamisad, mkurnalobistvis gaweuli xarjebic. uaryofit mxared SegviZlia davasaxelot is, rom saxelmwifo biujetis xarjviti wili arsebitad gaizrdeba. qvemot mocemul cxrilsi 3 Sesrulebulia II alternativis xarjtsargeblianobis analizi. 14 aziasi dafiqsirebulia sursatit daavadebis 150 milioni SemTxveva, xolo evrokavsirisi, romlis regulaciebtan miaxloebasac Cven vcdilobt, fiqsirdeba 23 milioni SemTxveva. ix.: Estimates of burden of foodborne disease European perspective, world health organization. aseve, Burden of foodborne diseases in the South-East Asia Region, world health organization. 15 HACCP-is dasanergad a(a)ip soflis meurneobis proeqtebis martvis saagentom sul daxmareba gauwia 2 beneficiars: 3 251,98 lari da 3 286,24 lari. 29

31 cxrili 3 komponentebi xarjebi (larsi) sargebeli saxelmwifo Sromis anazraureba mewarmeebis xelsewyobis programebi , ,6 1. daaxloebit 6-jer naklebi Tanxa daixarjeba jandacvis biujetidan. sasualod, lari _ daavadebul adamianta mkurnalobaze. 2. dadebiti politikuri Sefaseba evrokavsiris mxridan. mcire 3 982,5 17 mewarme sasualo 7 598,1 msxvili ,8 socialuri zemoqmedeba jandacva sazogadoebistvis xelmisawvdomi gaxdeba uvnebeli sursati 2030 wlistvis daaxloebit 6-jer Semcirdeba mavne sursatis gamoyenebit daavadebul adamianta ricxvi. riskebi saxelmwifos mxridan gazrdili sabiujeto xarji III alternativa _ saxelmwifos mier xarjtsargeblianobis analizis ganxorcieleba (RIA) dargsi misareb yvela sakanonmdeblo regulaciaze. alternativis formulirebidan gamomdinare, saxelmwifom unda Caataros xarjtsargeblianobis analizi yvela im sakanonmdeblo cvlilebaze, romlis mirebac dadgeba dris wesrigsi sursatis uvneblobis regulirebis miznit. xarjisa da sargeblis analizi gulisxmobs cvlilebebis ganxorcielebamde yvela im dainteresebuli jgufis azris gatvaliswinebas, romlebsac SesaZloa Seexos es cvlilebebi. arnisnuli alternativis dadebit mxared SegviZlia davasaxelot is, rom maralia dainteresebuli mxareebis CarTuloba sakanonmdeblo cvlilebebsi, gatva liswinebulia rogorc momxmareblebis, aseve mewarmeebis interesi. aseve Setanilia jandacvis komponenti da datvlilia, Tu samomavlod ra Sedeges moitans esa Tu is sakanonmdeblo cvlileba. 16 arnisnuli xarji datvlilia TiTo erteuli mcire, sasualo da msxvili mewarmis dafinansebaze da mxolod HACCP-is dasanergad. 17 datvlilia saxelmwifos mxridan 70% Tanadafinansebis pirobebsi. 30

32 uaryofiti Sedegi iqneba sakanonmdeblo procesis SesaZlo gawianureba, vinaidan yvela cvlilebisas sawiroa dainteresebuli mxareebis gamokitxva da cvlilebebis Sesworeba mati azris gatvaliswinebit 18. qvemot mocemul cxrilsi 4 warmodgenilia III alternativis xarjtsargeblianobis analizi. cxrili 4. komponentebi xarjebi (larsi) sargebeli saxelmwifo Sromis anazraureba TanamSromelTa gadamzadeba materialurteqnikuri arwurva dadebiti politikuri Sefaseba evrokavsiris mxridan. 2. marali demokratiuli standarti. mewarme socialuri zemoqmedeba jandacva riskebi mewarmis xarjebi damokidebuli iqneba analizis Sedegad mirebuli kanonze. ucnobia, Tu ramdenit Semcirdeba daavadebul adamianta ricxovnoba. SesaZloa gaiwelos sakanonmdeblo procesi. mewarme CarTuli iqneba gadawyvetilebis mirebis processi da gatvaliswinebuli iqneba misi interesebi. 1. sazogadoebistvis xelmisawvdomi gaxdeba uvnebeli sursati. 2. gadawyvetilebis mirebasi ufro metad CaerTveba sazogadoeba. 1. jandacvis komponenti gatvaliswinebuli iqneba sakanonmdeblo processi. 2. yvela cvlilebasi individualurad iqneba datvlili ra gavlena iqonia jandacvaze estonetsi iseve, rogorc evrokavsiris wevr saxelmwifota umravlesobasi sursatis uvneblobis kutxit misareb yvela sakanonmdeblo aqtze xorcieldeba xarjtsargeblianobis analizi. Sexvedra estone- Tis soflis saqmeta saministros sursatis usafrtxoebis departamentis xelmzrvaneltan, baton martin minaievtan, 2018 wlis 17 maisi. 19 daangarisebulia 5 sastato erteulis wliuri xelfasi, sammartvelos ufrosi _ lari, ori II kategoriis ufrosi specialisti _ lari, ori III kategoriis ufrosi specialist _ lari. 20 erti treneris sasualo anazraureba _ saatsi 250 lari, treningkursis intensivoba _ 15 dre, 10-dan 6 saatamde, Sesvenebis drois gamoklebit. 21 igulisxmeba 5 erteuli kompiuteri, 5 erteuli stacionaruli telefoni da wvrilmani sakancelario nivtebi. 31

33 samive alternativis uket gaanalizebis miznit qvemot mocemul cxrilsi 5 gamoyenebulia efeqtianobis multifaqtoruli analizi, sadac Sedarebulia samive alternativa Sesabamisi kriteriumebit, romlebsac prioritetebis mixedvit mini- Webuli aqvt individualuri wona, aseve gamoyenebulia arnisnuli kriteriumebis Sefasebis Sesabamisi skala 1-dan 5 qulis CaTvliT. cxrili 5 kriteriumebi (wona 100%) alternativebi I II III saxelmwifos xarji (35%) 3X35=105 1X35=35 5x35=175 mewarmis xarji (10%) 1X10=10 4X10=40 3X10=30 jandacva (25%) 5X25=125 5X25=125 4X25=100 socialuri zemoqmedeba (8%) 3X8=24 4X8=32 3X8=24 dro (5%) 3X5=15 3X5=15 3X5=15 sazogadoebrivi CarTuloba (5%) 1X5=5 1X5=5 5X5=25 dasaqmeba (7%) 4X7=28 4X7=28 4X7=28 politikuri winaarmdegoba (5%) 3X5=15 3X5=15 2X5=10 sul multifaqtoruli analizis Sedegad gamocnda, rom III alternativis ganxorcieleba yvelaze metad momgebiania saxelmwifos SezRuduli resursebis da yvela dainteresebuli mxaris interesis gatvaliswinebit. 32 rekomendaciebi alternativebis analizis Sedegad vxedavt, rom III alternativa warmoadgens yvelaze efeqtian gzas sursatis uvneblobis regulirebis kutxit da, Sesabamisad, misi ganxorcielebistvis sawiroa Semdegi Tanmimdevruli nabijebi: saqartvelos garemos dacvisa da soflis meurneobis saministros strategiasa da samoqmedo gegmasi unda Sevides cvlileba da Caiweros xarjisa da sargeblis analizis metodologiis danergvis ganvitarebis xelsewyoba, sursatis uvneblobis regulirebis miznit; saqartvelos garemos dacvisa da soflis meurneobis saministrosi unda Seiqmnas xarjisa da sargeblis analizis sammartvelo, romelic unda dakompleqtdes 5 (xuti) 22 sastato erteulit; 22 saqartvelos garemos dacvisa da soflis meurneobis saministros mier sursatis uvneblobis regulirebis da kontrolis miznit, wlebsi SeimuSaves 14 sakanonmdeblo aqti da Seitanes cvlilebebi ukve arsebul aqtebsi. aqedan gamomdinare, ar arsebobs 5 sastato erteulze meti samusao Zalis mobilizebis aucilebloba.

34 unda Seiqmnas uwyebatasorisi sabwo (saqartvelos garemos dacvisa da soflis meurneobis saministro, ekonomikisa da mdgradi ganvitarebis saministro, saqartvelos Sromis, janmrtelobisa da socialuri dacvis saministro), sadac ganxiluli iqneba sursatis uvneblobis mimartulebit regulaciebis SemoRebis mosalodneli Sedegebi sxvadasxva sferosi da moxdeba koordinirebuli gadawyvetilebis mireba; unda moxdes ekonomikis, jandacvis da sursatis uvneblobis eqspertebis mobilizeba da proeqtsi CarTva sawiroebisamebr; unda moxdes im pirebtan informaciis da mosazrebebis gacvla, romlebsac SesaZ loa samomavlod Seexeos esa Tu is regulacia da mati SeniSvnebi SeZlebisdagvarad unda iyos gatvaliswinebuli; unda Seiqmnas kriteriumta sistema da dalagdes Sesabamisi prioritetulobis mixedvit. miuxedavad imisa, rom multifaqtoruli analizis Sedegad upiratesia III alternativa, mocemul SemTxvevaSi mizansewonilia aseve gatvaliswinebuli iyos sxva alternativebis garkveuli komponentebi, kerzod: sursatis uvneblobis da xarisxis kontrolis miznit sasurvelia gaizardos sursatis erovnuli saagentos inspeqtorta Stati, sawyis etapze _ 50 (ormocdaati) 23 erteulit. sursatis uvneblobis motxovnebis darrvevis SemTxvevaSi, sursatis uvneblobis saagentom samartaldamrrvevs jarima daakisros ara manamde arsebuli fiqsirebuli 1000 laris odenobit, aramed samartaldamrrvevis saqmianobis sferos, miyenebuli zianis, SesaZlo safrtxisa da misi wliuri brunvis Sesabamisad. aseve SesaZlebelia, regulaciebis darrvevis SemTxvevaSi, biznesoperators jarima daekisros im odenobit, ra odenobis mogebac mas hqonda am darrvevis Sedegad (Tuki amis datvla SesaZlebelia). sursatis erovnulma saagentom sajaro unda gaxados yvela biznesoperatoris Semowmebis Sedegebi. sasurvelia arnisnul informaciaze wvdoma SesaZlebeli iyos eleqtronuli mowyobilobebis gamoyenebit (iqneba es vebgverdi Tu specialuri aplikacia) drevandeli mdgomareobit, sursatis erovnul saagantos ar hyavs sakmarisi raodenobis inspeqtorebi, rata ufro efeqtianad gaakontrolos samomxmareblo bazarze arsebuli sasursato produqciis usafrtxoeba. amastan, sursatis erovnuli saagentos biujeti SezRudulia da am etapze sastato nusxis arsebiti cvlilebistvis ar aris mzad. aqedan gamomdinare, 50 sastato erteulis damatebit gaizrdeba kontrolis meqanizmis efeqtianoba da amavdroulad es arsebitad ar daazaralebs sursatis erovnuli saagentos biujets. 24 estonetsi am saxis informacia sajaroa. Tumca ar arsebobs specialuri aplikacia, romelitac momxmareblebs SeeZlebodaT gadaemowmebinat ama Tu im obieqtis Semowmebis Sedegebi. arsanisnavia, rom organizacia `evropis fondis~ iniciativit, 2016 wels Seiqmna aplikacia `sursatis uvnebloba~, romelic moqalaqeebs sasualebas azlevs gaecnon sursatis erovnuli saagentos mier TbilisSi arsebuli sursatis sawarmoebis inspeqtirebis Sedegebs. 33

35 daskvna Cveni politikis dokumentis ZiriTad mizans warmoadgenda im ZiriTadi problemebis warmocena, romlebic dres arsebobs sursatis uvneblobis regulirebis kutxit; dagvedgina mati gavlena rogorc adamianta janmrtelobaze, ise sabazro ekonomikaze da armogvecina am problemebis gadawris gzebi _ alternativebi. politikis dokumentze musaobisas gamoikveta, rom saxelmwifosi ar arsebobs ertiani midgoma sursatis uvneblobis regulirebis kutxit. erti mxriv, sursatis uvneblobis axali, gamkacrebuli regulaciebis SemoReba mzime tvirtad awveba sabazro ekonomikasi CarTul mewarmeebs da zrdis samomxareblo fasebs, Tumca amcirebs daavadebul adamianta ricxvs da zogavs saxelmwifo biujetis xarjs. meore mxriv, sursatis uvneblobis regulaciebis Serbileba an/da mati amoq medeba xangrzlivi periodis Semdeg zrdis mavne sursatis gamoyenebis Sedegad daavadebul adamianta ricxvs da Sesabamisad izrdeba saxelmwifos xarjic mat mkurnalobaze, Tumca mewarmeebs ar uwevt damatebiti xarjebis gareba da sabazro ekonomikas ar aqvs finansuri wnexi. dokumentsi warmodgenilia sami alternativa _ zemoxsenebuli problemebis mogvarebis sami gza. saxelmwifos SezRuduli resursebis da SesaZleblobebis gatvaliswinebit, aseve alternativebis xarjtsargeblianobis da multifaqtoruli analizis Sedegad gamoikveta III alternativis upiratesoba, rac gulisxmobs sursatis uvneblobis regulaciebis mirebisas yvela cvlilebisatvis xarjisa da sargeblis analizis (RIA) Catarebas, ritac uzrunvelyofili iqneba processi yvela dainteresebuli mxaris CarTuloba da SemuSavdeba Sesabamisi kriteriumebi, romelta Sefasebis Sedegad mirebuli iqneba ufro swori da efeqtiani gadawyvetileba. miuxedavad imisa, rom multifaqtoruli analizis Sedegad yvelaze optimaluri armocnda III alternativa, migvacnia, rom sasurvelia aseve sxva alternativiebis rigi komponentebis gatvaliswinebac, ritac kidev ufro gaumjobesdeba sursatis uvneblobis mxriv arsebuli vitareba saxelmwifosi. daskvnis saxit SegviZlia arvnisnot, rom saxelmwifom unda moaxerxos da gaitvaliswinos rogorc ekonomikuri, ise jandacvis sakitxebi da imgvarad imoqmedos, rom arc ert mxares ar daawves zedmet tvirtad, ritac uzrunvelyofs SezRuduli resursebis farglebsi stabiluri garemos SenarCunebas. 34

36 danarti #1 25 HACCP-is gegmis SemuSaveba HACCP-is treningi investicia HACCP-is motxovnebistvis investicia sanitariuli motxovnebistvis wliuri xarji mimdinare sawiroebistvis saerto jami bibliografia 1. World Heals Organization. WHO s first ever global estimates of foodborne diseases find children under 5 account for almost one third of deaths, 3 December (nanaxia ). 2. World Health Organization. Global burden of foodborne diseases, (nanaxia ). 3. World Health Organization. Estimates of burden of foodborne disease European perspective, www. euro.who.int/ data/assets/pdf_file/0003/295248/presentation-drkruse-ferg-event-cph pdf?ua=1 (nanaxia ). 4. World Health Organization. Burden of foodborne diseases in the South-East Asia Region, who.int/about/administration_structure/cds/burden-of-foodborne-sear.pdf (nanaxia ). 5. Adarov, Amat, and Havlik Peter. Benefits and Costs of DCFTA: Evaluation of the Impact on Georgia, Moldova and Ukraine, Joint Work Paper, Vienna, Gall, Ken. National Seafood Industry HACCP Implementation Survey Report, New York Sea Grant Technical Report, Stony Brook, NY, April saqartvelos statistikis erovnuli samsaxuri, `inflaciis gaangarisebis metodologiis Sesaxeb~, kalatis%20metodologiis%20shesaxeb% pdf (nanaxia ). 8. saqartvelos kanoni `sursatis/coxvelis sakvebis uvneblobis, veterinariisa da mcenareta dacvis kodeqsi~. 9. saqartvelos Sromis, janmrtelobisa da socialuri dacvis saministros 2018 wlis 26 martis #01/17581 werili. 10. saqartvelos mtavrobis 2016 wlis 29 dekembris # 623 dadgenileba `mcenareuli da cxoveluri warmosobis sursat(ze)si/cxovelis sakveb(ze)si pesticidebis narcenebis maqsimaluri donis Sesaxeb teqnikuri reglamentis damtkicebis Taobaze~. 11. saqartvelos mtavrobis 2016 wlis 23 dekembris 585 dadgenileba `sakvebdanamatebis Sesaxeb teqnikuri reglamentis damtkicebis Taobaze~. 12. Tavisufali vawrobis Sesaxeb SeTanxmeba 25 HACCP-is danergvis msgavsi kalkulacia qartul bazarze ar aris xelmisawvdomi. Tumca gasatvaliswinebelia, rom HACCP-is motxovnebi da standarti ertnairia, Sesabamisad, yvela komponenti, romelic cxrilsia mititebuli, qartul realobasic gamoiyeneba. gansxvaveba isaa, rom saqartvelosi ar gvaqvs Sesabamisi danadgarebis adgilwarmoeba, romlebic SesaZloa gaxdes sawiro, da amgvarad mati transportirebis xarjit gaizrdeba gaweuli xarjebis saerto jami. 35

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38 Teatris xelmisawvdomobis gazrda SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone pirebistvis reziume zaza mewiauri civilizebuli msoflio ariarebs yvela adamianis Tanasworobas sakutari uflebebis dacvisa da realizebis sakitxsi. gansakutrebit aqtualuria SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone pirta Tanabari CarTuloba kulturis, Semecnebis, Semoqmedebis, gartobis, dasvenebis sferoebsi. SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone pirta uflebebi, mati dacvisa da arsrulebis pirobebi, uflebebis darrvevis sapasuxo qmedebebi gansazrvrulia saertasoriso da erovnul regulaciebsi, romlebic ganmtkicebulia konvenciebsi, paqtebsi, kanonebsi, kanonqvemdebare aqtebsa da sxva normatiuli dokumentebsi. winamdebare politikis dokumentsi ganxilulia is problemebi, romlebic warmoiqmneba, roca SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone pirebs arasakmarisi wvdoma aqvt Teatris sivrceze: TeatrSi Sesasvlelsa da gamosasvlelze, Senobis SigniT gadaadgilebaze, aucilebeli sawiroebis segmentebsi momsaxurebis mirebaze, mat- Tvis gankutvnili servisebis Sesaxeb srulfasovani informaciis flobaze; mocemulia infrastruqturis adaptirebis ZiriTadi motxovnebi. dokumentsi mimoxilulia SezRuduli SesaZleblobis mqone pirta uflebebis Sesaxeb gaeros konvenciis ZiriTadi debulebebi da am sferosi saqartvelos erovnuli kanonmdeblobis normebi. mocemulia Cvens qveyanasi arsebuli situaciis analizi. identificirebulia problemebi da mati gamomwvevi mizezebi rogorc Sez- Ruduli SesaZleblobebis mqone pirebistvis infrastruqturis Seusabamobis, ise mat mimart sazogadoebis araswori damokidebulebis TvalsazrisiT. problemata Sorisaa inkluziuri sateatro xelovnebis deficiti da SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone pirta TeatrSi dasaqmeba rogorc SemoqmedebiT, ise administraciul da teqnikur poziciebze; praqtikulad SeuZlebelia SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone pirtatvis TeatrSi samusaod sawiro ganatlebis mireba; Teatris personali moumzadebelia SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone pirebtan swori komunikaciisa da mattvis Sesabamisi momsaxurebis gawevisatvis. warmodgenilia saertasoriso standartebtan sinqronizaciis sauketeso gamocdileba did britanetsa da germaniis federaciul respublikasi. ganxiluli da Sefasebulia problemis gadawris gzebi (alternativebi). ganxiluli 3 alternatividan, multifaqtoruli matricis Sedegebze dayrdnobita da realobis obieqturi analizit, upiratesoba mieniwa I alternativas _ Teatris Sida sivrcis infrastruqturis arasruli cvlilebis SesaZleblobis pirobebsi Teatris Senobis maqsimalurad morgebas etlit mosargebleebistvis. am alternativis warmatebit gansaxorcieleblad warmodgenilia rekomendaciebi, romle- 37

39 bic mnisvnelovnad Seuwyobs xels SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone pirtatvis, kerzod ki, mozraobis SezRudvis mqone adamianebistvis Teatris sivrceze xelmisawvdomobis gazrdas finansuri, adamianuri da drois resursebis optimizaciis pirobebsi. Sesavali gaeros generaluri asambleis mier 2006 wlis 13 dekembers mirebuli Sez- Ruduli SesaZleblobis mqone pirta uflebebis konvencia, romelsac xeli moawera 140-ma qveyanam, mat Soris saqartvelom (saqartvelosi ZalaSi Sevida 2014 wlis 12 aprils), ariarebs, rom yvela adamians, miuxedavad fizikuri an sxva saxis SezRudvisa, unda hqondes Tavisuflad gadaadgilebis da nebismieri momsaxurebit sargeblobis Tanabari ufleba. konvenciis 30-e muxli aregulirebs SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone pir- Ta kulturul, sportul, gasartob da rekreaciul RonisZiebebSi monawileobis sakitxs. am muxlis Tanaxmad, monawile saxelmwifoebma unda uzrunvelyon Sez- Ruduli SesaZleblobebis mqone pirta kulturis sferosi CarTuloba da xelmisawvdomoba: satelevizio programebis, filmebis, Teatrisa da sxva kulturul aqtivobata xelmisawvdomi formati, kulturis dawerebulebebis (Teatrebi, muzeumebi, bibliotekebi, kinoteatrebi da a.s. ) xelmisawvdomoba da sxva. amisatvis 2011 wels standartizaciis saertasoriso organizaciam (ISO - International Standardization Organization ) SeimuSava Senobebis misawvdomobistvis aucileblad gasatvaliswinebeli normebi da standartebi. Sida standartebidan gamoiyofa nebismieri SezRudvis mqone pirze gatvlili punqtebi: Sesasvlelebi da saevakuacio gasasvlelebi; gzis gasakvlevad da saorientaciod specialuri nisnebi da mititebebi; etlit mosargebleta Tavisufali manevrirebistvis sawiro da sakmarisi sivrce; Sesabamisi kibeebi da moajirebi; pandusebi, liftebi, eskalatorebi, mozravi bilikebi; adaptirebuli sapirfaresoebi, sasxapeebi, gamosacvleli otaxebi; Sesabamisad arwurvili holebi, misarebi, mosacdeli da sainformacio kutxeebi da a.s. gaeros adamianis uflebata sayoveltao deklaraciis (1948 w.) mixedvit (muxli #27), yovel adamians aqvs ufleba, Tavisuflad monawileobdes sazogadoebis kulturul cxovrebasi, tkbebodes xelovnebit, monawileobdes mecnierul progressi da sargeblobdes misi siketit. did britanetsi SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone pirta uflebebis dacvisa da uzrunvelyofis sakitxebi regulirdeba gaertianebuli samefos 1995 wlis `SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone pirebis diskriminaciis Sesaxeb aqtit~,

40 wlis `Tanasworobis Sesaxeb aqtita~ da sxva erovnuli aqtebit. am kanonisa da gaeros konvenciis Sesrulebis monitoringis gansaxorcieleblad did britanetsi Seq mnilia gaertianebuli samefos damoukidebeli organo (the United Kingdom Independent Mechanism (UKIM)). SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone pirebis pirobebis perioduli gaumjobesebis miuxedavad, isini kvlav awydebian sirtuleebs sxvadasxva mimartulebit, magalitad, rogoricaa sayofacxovrebo pirobebi, sazogadoebrivi transporti da sxva. yvela sazogadoebriv dawesebulebasi, mat Soris, Teatrebsa da muzeumebsi, SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone pirebistvis gansakutrebuli garemoa: etlit mosargeble piri TeatrSi SemosvlisTanave mimartavs iq momusave personals, romelic acilebs mas da uwevs daxmarebas. damontajebulia specialu ri liftebi, pandusebi, mbrunavi karebi. parteris rigebis pirveli da meore adgilebi gankutvnilia etlit mosargeble pirtatvis, xolo mat gverdit adgilebi ki _ TanmxlebTaTvis. SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone pirtatvis gatvaliswinebulia sapirfaresoebi, sasadiloebi, SesaZlebelia mattvis sawmlis an sasmelis adgilze mitanac. SenobaSi dasvebulia agretve gamyoli ZaRlis SeSveba, romlistvisac calke adgilia gankutvnili. mnisvnelovania, rom SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone pirebis kulturis sferosi CarTulobis sakitxi did britanetsi mogvarebulia. germaniasi gaeros konvenciis efeqturi ganxorcielebisatvis ZiriTad organod ganisazrvra germaniis Sromisa da socialur saqmeta saministro. qveynis federaluri mowyobidan gamomdinare, am dargsi gansakutrebuli roli germaniis miwebs (landebs) ekisrebat. zogiertma matganma adgilobriv doneze specialuri koordinatorebi danisna. konvenciis ganxorcielebis monitoringi daevala germaniis adamianis uflebebis instituts (German Institutefor Human Rights). SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone pirtatvis sivrciti mowyobisa da universaluri dizainis uzrunvelyofis sakitxebs ZiriTadad aregulirebs kanoni SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone pirta Tanasworobis Sesaxeb (Law on Equality of Persons with Disabilities (Disability Eequality Act-BGG). qveyanasi SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone nebismier pirs SeuZlia damoukideblad imozraos ara mxolod kulturul dawesebulebebsi, aramed imogzauros mteli qveynis masstabitac wels gaeros SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone pirebis uflebebis Sesaxeb komisiistvis wardgenili angarisis Tanaxmad, qveynis umtavres problemas mainc SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone pirta dasaqmebis sakitxi warmoadgens da am mimartulebit aqtiuri musaoba mimdinareobs. 39

41 problemis arwera SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone pirta socialuri infrastruqturit Seuferxeblad sargeblobisatvis satanado pirobebis Seqmna saqartvelosi savaldebuloa 2001 wlidan: SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone pirta socialuri dacvis Sesaxeb saqartvelos kanonis Tanaxmad, aucilebelia SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone pirta sawiroebebis gatvaliswineba socialuri infrastruqturis obieqtebis daproeqtebisa da mseneblobisas, aseve, SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone pirta sawiroebebisa da motxovnilebebis uzrunvelyofa kulturul-sanaxaobit dawesebulebebsa da sportul nagebobebsi wlis 6 ianvris saqartvelos mtavrobis #41 dadgenilebit damtkicda SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone pirebisatvis sivrcis mowyobisa da arqiteqturuli da gegmarebiti elementebis teqnikuri reglamenti wlis 20 ianvars saqartvelos mtavrobam daamtkica SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone pirta Tanabari SesaZleblobebis uzrunvelyofis wlebis samtavrobo samoqmedo gegma, infrastruqturuli, satransporto, sportuli, sarekreacio da turistuli obieqtebis Tanabari misawvdomobis uzrunvelyofis gatvaliswinebit wels saqartvelos regionebis adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis kodeqs- Si Sevida punqti _ adgilobrivi mnisvnelobis obieqtebze SezRuduli SesaZleblo bebis mqone pirebze morgebuli garemos Seqmna. saqartvelos kanonsi kulturis Sesaxeb, kerzod, muxlsi 4. _ kulturuli morvaweobis principebi (e qvepunqti: kulturuli da SemoqmedebiTi morvaweobis xelmisawvdomoba da sajaroobis SeuzRudveloba); muxlsi 8. _ SemoqmedebiTi mo- Rva weobis ufleba, yovel adamians aqvs nebismieri saxis SemoqmedebiTi morvaweobis ufleba, Tavisi interesebisa da unaris Sesabamisad; muxlsi 11. _ kulturuli faseulobebit sargeblobis ufleba. yovel adamians aqvs ufleba eziaros kulturul faseulobebs, isargeblos saxelmwifo bibliotekebis, muzeumebis, arqivebis fondebit, kulturuli morvaweobis sxva Sesabamisi masalebit kanonmdeblobis farglebsi. saqartvelos mtavrobam 2016 wlis 1 ivliss daamtkica kulturisa da Zegl Ta dacvis saministros mier SemuSavebuli _ kulturis strategia mis meore strategiul mimartulebasi _ kulturaze wvdoma da kulturuli mravalferovneba _ gansazrvrulia: SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone pirebistvis SeRavaTebis meqanizmebis SemuSaveba kulturis specialobebze swavlisas; kulturis dawesebulebebis mxardawera da waxaliseba; SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone pirebis- Tvis SeRavaTiani pirobebis (biletis dabali fasi, Tavisufali Sesvla, Ria karis dre da sxv.) SeTavazebisa da mati dasaqmebis miznit; kulturis infrastruqturis xelmisawvdomobis uzrunvelyofa SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone pirebis- Tvis; kulturis dawesebulebebisa da organizaciebis TanamSromelTa momzadeba SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone pirebtan swori komunikaciistvis; kulturis 40

42 dawesebulebebis arwurva SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone pirebistvis adaptirebuli saswavlo masalebit (audiowignebi, brailis SriftiT dabewdili wignebi; surdo-targmanis, subtitrebis da cifruli aplikaciebis gamoyeneba da a.s.); SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone pirebis CarTulobis xelsewyoba profesiul saxelovnebo ganatlebasi. kulturis obieqtebis infrastruqturisa da adaptirebuli sasualebebis naklebi xelmisawvdomobis gamo saqartvelosi mravali SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone piria moklebuli SesaZleblobas daeswros sxvadasxva kulturul RonisZiebas, miiros informacia, CaerTos sxvadasxva kulturul aqtivobasi. xsir SemTxvevaSi saqartvelos ganatlebis, mecnierebis, kulturisa da sportis saministros daqvemdebarebasi arsebul Senoba-nagebobebs aqvt specifikuri Taviseburebebi, rac xels uslis mat morgebas SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone pirta sawiroebebze, rogoricaa sakanonmdeblo SezRudvebi kulturuli memkvidreobis obieqtebze samusaoebis ganxorcielebisas, Zveli da amortizebuli Senobebis reabilitaciis procesis sizvire, SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone pirebis specialur sawiroebebze mosargebi fartobebis simwire. saqartvelosi mnisvnelovani problemaa SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone pirta mimart araswori damokidebuleba. xsirad mat ariqvamen avadmyofebad. jer kidev sustia mati socialuri statusi. askaraa SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone pirebis CarTulobis deficiti, rogorc gadawyvetilebebis mirebis, ise mati ganxor cielebis doneze. risi Sedegicaa, erti SexedviT, adaptirebuli, magram mainc SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone pirtatvis praqtikulad gamousadegari mowyobilobebi da infrastuqturis segmentebi (magalitad: pandusebi, viwro karebi Tu tualetebi da kibeebi araadaptirebul ferebsi da sxva). saxezea inkluziuri xelovnebis deficiti. TeatrSi ver saqmdeba SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone msaxiobi, rejisori, mxatvari, musikosi, gamnatebeli, dekoratori, butaforisti, administraciis mu- Saki. uketes SemTxvevaSi, mat ezlevat mxolod arakvalificirebuli samusaos mirebis SesaZlebloba. SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone pirebma xsirad araferi ician im servisebis Sesaxebac ki, rac arsebobs TeatrebSi (magalitad, rustavelis TeatrSi mattvis specialurad gamoyofili benuaris lojebis Sesaxeb, xolo marjanisvilis TeatrSi, sawiroebis SemTxvevaSi, SesasvlelSi pandusis midgmis SesaZleblobis Sesaxeb.). amis gamo SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone bevri adamiani Tavs aridebs TeatrSi siaruls. TeatrebSi arsebuli infrastruqtura ver akmayofilebs Tanamedrove standartebsa da teqnikur reglaments SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone pirta gadaadgilebisatvis. saqartvelos kulturisa da sportis saministro etapobrivad axorcielebs SenobaTa reabilitacias SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone pirta- Tvis infrastruqturis adaptirebis miznit. saqartvelos kulturisa sportis saministros daqvemdebarebasi arsebuli 86 organizaciis Senobidan SezRuduli 41

43 SesaZleblobebis mqone pirta sawiroebebtan mtlianad an nawilobriv adaptirebulia 20 (mxolod pandusebit _ 12, pandusebita da sveli wertilebit _ 8). qvemot, cxrilsi, warmodgenilia saqartvelos kulturisa da sportis saminis tros sistemis Teatrebisa da sakoncerto/teatraluri darbazebis mqone zogierti dawesebulebis rekonstruqciistvis gamoyofili Tanxebi, sadac gatvaliswinebulia SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone pirebze adaptirebis xarjebic. ukve dasrulebuli samusaoebis SemTxvevebSi (kote marjanisvilis saxelobis Teatrsa da SoTa rustavelis saxelobis Teatrisa da kinos saxelmwifo universitetsi) daxarjuli Tanxebi gankutvnili iyo mxolod SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone pirebis xelmisawvdomobistvis: dawesebulebis dasaxeleba ukve dasrulebuli samusaoebis Rirebuleba, lari dagegmili samusaoebis Rirebuleba, lari 1 ssip q. zugdidis Salva dadianis sax. dramatuli Teatri ssip g. miqelazis sax. Tbilisis Tojinebis Teatri ssip q. Tbilisis vaso abasizis sax. musikaluri komediisa da dramis Teatri ssip q. Tbilisis kote marjanisvilis sax. dramatuli Teatri ssip saqartvelos SoTa rustavelis Teatrisa da kinos universiteti ssip Tbilisis petros adamianis sax. somxuri dramatuli Teatri ssip v. Wabukianis sax. Tbilisis sabaleto xelovnebis saswavlebeli ssip saqartvelos erovnuli musikaluri centri sul SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone pirebistvis Teatrebis Senobebis nawilobrivi adaptirebis miznit 2019 wels saqartvelos kulturisa da sportis saministros gansazrvruli aqvs 2 milioni lari. winamdebare politikis dokumentis mizania SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone pirta erti jgufistvis _ mozraobis SezRudvis mqone pirebistvis (pirebi, romeltac uwirt damoukideblad gadaadgileba, an gadaadgildebian etlit, an arian mwoliare SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone pirebi) _ Teatris xelmisawvdomobis gazrdis gzebis warmocena. 42

44 problemis gadawris gzebi (alternativebi) dasaxelebuli problemis gadasawrelad ganvixilet sami gza, anu alternativa: I alternativa _ Teatris Sida Sida sivrcis infrastruqturis arasruli cvlilebis SesaZleblobis pirobebsi Teatris Senobis maqsimalurad adaptireba etlit mosargebleebistvis. es gulisxmobs Teatris Sesasvlelis adaptirebas; sanitariuli kvanzebis rekonstruqcias etlit mosargebleebistvis gansazrvruli standartebit; Teatris sxva sivrceebis SeZlebisdagvarad misadagebas etlit mosargebleebistvis. am alternativas aqvs mnisvnelovani dadebiti mxareebi: gaizrdeba SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone pirebistvis Teatris xelmisawvdomoba; Teatris TanamSro m lebs eqnebat SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone pirebtan swori urtiertobis unari; Teatris SemoqmedebiTi produqcia SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone pirebs miewodebat alternatiuli gzit _ komunikaciis eleqtronuli sasualebebit; gaizrdeba SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone pirta informireba TeatrSi mattvis misadagebuli servisebis Sesaxeb; Teatris xelmisawvdomobistvis gaweuli danaxarjebi optimaluria da gacilebit naklebia, vidre II alternativis SemTxvevaSi; aseve mcirea ganxorcielebis vadac da moicavs 1-dan 2 wlamde periods. alternativis uaryofiti mxareebia: srulfasovnad ver xerxdeba SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone pirebis gadaadgileba Teatris mtel sivrcesi; moitxovs damatebit materialur saxsrebs; sawiroebs profesionalur kadrebs. II alternativa _ Teatris Senobis sruli rekonstruqciis Sedegad Teatris mteli infrastruqturis adaptacia etlit mosargeble SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone pirebistvis, Sesabamisi saertasoriso standartebis dacvit an srulad adaptirebuli infrastruqturis mqone axali Senobis ageba TeatrisTvis. am SemTxvevaSi etlit mosargeble SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone Teatris TanamSromels Tu mayurebels Teatris yvela sivrceze srulfasovani wvdomis sasualeba ezleva. mayurebelta darbazsi etlit mosargeble SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone mayurebels, sxva mayurebeltan ertad, Tanabar pirobebsi yofna mouxsnis im uxerxulobas (ertgvar stigmas), romelsic armocndeba xolme mayurebelta darbazsi, specialurad mistvis gamoyofil sivrceebsi motavsebis dros. II alternativis dadebiti mxareebi: SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone pirebis Tvis Teatris xelmisawvdomoba Seesabameba standartebs; Teatris TanamSromlebs eqnebat SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone pirebtan swori urtiertobis unar-cvevebi; Teatris SemoqmedebiTi produqcia SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone pirebs miewodebat komunikaciis eleqtronuli sasualebebit; gaizrdeba Sez- Ruduli SesaZleblobebis mqone pirta informirebuloba TeatrSi mattvis misadagebuli servisebis Sesaxeb. 43

45 uaryofiti mxareebidan arsanisnavia mnisvnelovani finansuri danaxarjebi _ arsebuli Senobebis infrastruqturis sruli adaptireba moitxovs daaxloebit lars, Teatrebis Senobebis fartobisa da Sesasrulebeli samusaoebis moculobis gatvaliswinebit, xolo axali Senobis agebistvis sawiro fuladi resursi, aseve Teatris saproeqto parametrebis gatvaliswinebit, ramdenime milion lars arwevs; meore mnisvnelovani faqtoria alternativis ganxorcielebis vada, rac 3-dan 5 wlamde meryeobs; mesame faqtoria profesional kadrebis simwire. III alternativa _ izulebiti status-kvos SenarCuneba TeatrSi. arsebobs ramdenime obieqturi faqtori, romlebic xels uslian arsebiti rekonstruqciis Catarebas. aqedan umtavresia Semdegi: Senobas ar aqvs Sesabamisi teqnikuri parametrebi da/an am Senobebis interiersi mnisvnelovani rekonstruqcia dausvebelia Zeglis statusis gamo. etlit mosargebleebistvis aset SenobebSi aris daxrili asasvleli TeatrSi, an, sawiroebis SemTxvevaSi, SesaZlebelia pandusis midgma. gadaadgileba mayurebelta darbazsi SesaZlebelia. speqtaklis dros etlit mosargeble SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone mayurebels svamen specialurad gamoyofil sivrcesi (magalitad, lojasi) an gamyofi rigis win an rigebis gasasvlelebsi. sxva sawiro sivrceze srulfasovani wvdoma mattvis praqtikulad SeuZlebelia. am alternativas aqvs Semdegi dadebiti mxareebi: Teatris TanamSromlebs eqnebat SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone pirebtan swori urtiertobis unar-cvevebi; Teatris SemoqmedebiTi produqcia SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone pirebs miewodebat alternatiuli gzit _ komunikaciis eleqtronuli sasualebebit; gaizrdeba Sez- Ruduli SesaZleblobebis mqone pirta informirebuloba TeatrSi mattvis misadagebuli servisebis Sesaxeb. uaryofiti mxareebi: SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone pirebistvis Teatris xelmisawvdomoba arakomfortulia; rceba stigmatizebis mnisvnelovani aspeqtebi; sawiroebs profesional kadrebs; III alternativis Sem- T xvevasi, SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone pirebis Teatris xelmisawvdomobis dakmayofilebis xarisxi Zalian dabalia. samive alternatiuli varianti itvaliswinebs Teatris TanamSromelTa momzadebas SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone pirebtan urtiertobisatvis; Teatris SemoqmedebiTi produqciis (speqtakli, saramo, koncerti, gamofena da a.s.) miwodebas komunikaciis eleqtronuli sasualebebit (pirdapiri translacia internetit) da SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone pirta informirebas mattvis Sesabamisi servisebis TeatrSi arsebobis Sesaxeb. dadebiti da uaryofiti mxareebis ganxilvis garda, samive alternativa Sefasda efeqtianobis multifaqtoruli analizis sasualebit. 44

46 cxrili. efeqtianobis multifaqtoruli analizis Sedegebi. kriteriumebi SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone pirta integracia sociumsi SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone pirta cxovrebis xarisxis gaumjobeseba SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone pirebistvis Teatris xelmisawvdomobis uflebis arsrulebis efeqtiani ganxorcieleba TeatrSi SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone pirebis dasaqmeba danaxarjebis odenoba ganxorcielebis vada sul kriteriumis wona 20% 20% 20% 5% 20% 15% 100% 1 alternativa qula 5X2,0=10 5X2,0=10 4X2,0=8 5X0,5=2,5 4X2,0=8 4X1,5=6 44,5 2 alternativa qula 4X2,0=8 4X2,0=8 3X2,0=6 4X0,5=2 3X2,0=6 2X1,5= alternativa qula 3X2,0=6 3X2,0=6 1X2,0=2 1X0,5=0,5 2X2,0=4 1X1,5=1,5 20 efeqtianobis multifaqtorul analizsi alternativebis Sefasebis miznit kriteriumebs wona mivaniwet mnisvnelobis mixedvit. 5-quliani sistemit SevafaseT alternativis kriteriumtan Sesabamisoba _ ramdenad akmayofilebs alternativa gansazrvrul kriteriums. sabolood, qula, romelic TiToeulma alternativam miiro kriteriumebis mixedvit, gamravlda mocemuli kriteriumis wonaze. Sedegebi SevkribeT da sauketeso alternativa (marali qulis alternativa) am gzit gamovlinda. 45

47 rekomendaciebi gamoikveta, rom I alternativa, rac gulisxmobs Teatris Sida sivrcis infrastruqturis arasruli cvlilebis SesaZleblobis pirobebsi Teatris Senobis maqsi malurad morgebas etlit mosargebleebistvis Sesabamisi saertasoriso standartebis dacvit, danarcen ortan SedarebiT, marali SefasebiT da, Sesabamisad, SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone pirebis Teatris xelmisawvdomobis dakmayofile bis optimaluri xarisxit gamoirceva. materialuri, adamianuri da droiti resur sebis dazogvit alternativis upiratesobis ganmsazrvreli ZiriTadi faqtorebia xarjtefeqtianoba da ganxorcielebis mokle vada im obieqtur realobasi, rac saqartvelos Teatrebis umetes nawils aqvs. amdenad, dasaxuli miznis mirwevis- Tvis rekomendacias vuwevt I alternativis ganxorcielebas. alternativis praqtikasi ganxorcielebistvis mizansewonilia: 1. saqartvelos ganatlebis, mecnierebis, kulturisa da sportis saministrom da Tbi lisis municipalitetis meriam saqartvelos parlamentis ganatlebis mecnie rebisa da kulturis komitettan mwidro TanamSromlobiT SeimuSaon ertiani sa moqmedo gegma; samoqmedo gegmis momzadebisas gatvaliswinebuli unda iyos Sesabamisi saertasoriso praqtika; 2. samusao jgufis Seqmna sakanonmdeblo da armasrulebeli xelisuflebis Sesabami si struqturebis, aseve arasamtavrobo da saertasoriso organizaciebis, kvle viti da metoduri centrebis warmomadgenelta da eqspertta SemadgenlobiT; 3. dafinansebis qmediti meqanizmebis gansazrvra centraluri da adgilobrivi bi u jetebis, miznobrivi fondebisa da saertasoriso donorebis saxsrebis integrirebit; 4. Teatrebis TanamSromelTa momzadebis miznobrivi programebis Seqmna da danergva; 5. partniorobis garrmaveba yvela dainteresebul struqturastan; 6. efeqtiani sainformacio kampaniis warmartva sazogadoebis srulfasovani informirebis miznit; 7. monitoringisa da Sefasebis moqnili sistemis Camoyalibeba: Sefasebis indikatorebis Sesrulebis perioduli monitoringi uflebamosili uwyebis mxridan. daskvna Cveni politikis dokumentis mtavari mizani iyo mozraobis SezRudvis mqone pirebistvis Teatris xelmisawvdomobis gasazrdelad efeqtiani gzebis mozieba da SeTavazeba yvela im struqturisa da dawesebulebistvis, vis kompetenciasic Sedis am sakitxis gadawyveta. swored amitom amovirciet sauketeso variantad I alternativa, romlis realizeba yvelaze optimalurad izleva dasaxuli miznis mirwevis 46

48 SesaZleblobas. amisatvis ki aucilebelia gadawyvetilebebis mimreb pirta uwyebatasorisi samusao jgufis Seqmna, massi Sesabamisi gamocdilebis mqone arasam- Tavrobo da saertasoriso organizaciebisa da eqspertta miwvevit. am principis dacva daacqarebs urtiertsejerebuli mosazrebebis Camoyalibebas samoqmedo gegmis Semadgenel nawilebad da gaaiolebs mat praqtikul ganxorcielebas. specialuri programit momzadebuli Teatrebis TanamSromlebi samsaxurebriv saqmianobas Seasruleben gacnobierebulad da motivirebulad, ris garesec SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone pirtatvis SeuZlebeli iqneba adaptirebuli infrastuqturit srulfasovani sargebloba. sakanonmdeblo da armasrulebeli xelisuflebis koordinirebuli CarTuloba xels Seuwyobs rogorc saqartvelos erovnuli kanonmdeblobis sinqronizacias saertasoriso standartebtan, aseve sakanonmdeblo aqtebisa da sxva dokumentebis motxovnata arsrulebis meqanizmebis daxvewas. bibliografia 1. saqartvelos kanoni kulturis Sesaxeb: 2. saqartvelos mtavrobis 06/01/2014 w. #41 dadgenileba SezRuduli SesaZleblobis mqone pirebisatvis sivrcis mowyobisa da arqiteqturuli da gegmarebiti elemente bis teqnikuri reglamentis damtkicebis Taobaze: w.matsne.gov.ge/ka/document/view/ ; 3. saqartvelos mtavrobis 20/01/2014 w. #76 dadgenileba SezRuduli SesaZleblobis mqo ne pirta Tanabari SesaZleblobebis uzrunvelyofis wlebis samtavrobo sa moqmedo gegmis damtkicebis Sesaxeb: 4. UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD): 5. CRPD work by the Commission (UN): 6. Accessibility and Development: environmental accessibility and its implications for inclusive, sustainable and equitable development for al (UN): 7. Disability Discrimination Act 1995 (United Kingdom): 8. Equality Act2010 (United Kingdom): 9. General Equality Law: Law on Equality of Persons with Disabilities (Disability Eequality Act-BGG).(Germany): saxelmzrvanelo politikis ganmsazrvreltatvis inkluziuri gadawyvetilebebis mirebaze. qartuli versiis adaptireba: bibileisvili m., afciauri s., maraldaze e., firasvili n; redaqtori barzimisvili n., britanetis sabwo. Sps `batas printi~. Tbilisi maxarasvili T., bazasvili d., adaptirebuli garemo yvelasatvis. universaluri dizainis saertasoriso standartebi. gamomcemloba `miniatura~, Tbilisi, Handbook for Parliamentarians on the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities: html londonis nacionaluri Teatri: New London Theatre: 47

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50 saqartvelosi TavSesafris sistemit araketilsindisierad sargeblobis prevencia reziume ia pozovi winamdebare politikis dokumentsi ganxilulia saqartvelosi TavSesafris sistemis araketilsindisier gamoyenebastan dakavsirebuli sakitxebi da mati mogvarebis metodebi, kerzod, yuradreba gamaxvilebulia saertasoriso dacvis Sesaxeb ganmeorebit ganacxadebze, rogorc sistemis araketilsindisierad gamoyenebis ert-ert mtavar metodze. problemis Sesaswavlad gamoviyenet Semdegi saxis metodologia: SeviswavleT da mimovixilet arsebuli literatura, interviuebi aviret sferosi momusave specialistebisagan, samxret kavkasiasi gaeros ltolvilta umarlesi komisris ofisis warmomadgenlisa da saxalxo damcvelis aparatis warmomadgenlisgan, gavecanit sxvadasxva evropuli qveynis sauketeso praqtikas. politikis dokumentsi dasmuli problemis gadasawrelad ganvixilet ori alternativa, SevafaseT mati dadebiti da uaryofiti mxareebi da warmovadginet am alternativebis mosalodneli Sedegebis matrica. yovelive amis safuzvelze ki SevarCieT upiratesi alternativa. politikis dokumentis bolos warmodgenilia rekomendaciebi, romelta gatvaliswinebac xels Seuwyobs SerCeuli alternativis warmatebul da efeqtian ganxorcielebas. Sesavali devnisagan sxva qveyanasi TavSesafris mirebis ufleba garantirebulia 1948 wlis adamianis uflebata sayoveltao deklaraciit. 1 saqartvelos konstituciis 47-e muxlis Tanaxmad, kanonit dadgenili wesit, saqartvelo TavSesafars azlevs ucxoel moqalaqeebsa da moqalaqeobis armqone pirebs. 2 saertasoriso dacvis uflebis ganxorielebas saqartvelosi uzrunvelyofs saqartvelos okupirebuli teritoriebidan izulebit gadaadgilebul pirta, gansaxlebisa da ltolvilta saministro. 3 saqartvelo TavSesafris maziebeltatvis mimzidveli qveyana 2000-iani wlebidan gaxda. am periodamde qveyanasi wliurad daaxloebit ucxoeli Camodioda, romelic TavSesafars itxovda. TavSesafris maziebelta nakadi 1999 wels gaizarda, rodesac rusetis federaciis CeCneTis respublikasi dawyebuli saomari 1 adamianis uflebata sayoveltao deklaracia, muxli 14. xelmisawvdomia: [nanaxia ]. 2 saqartvelos konstitucia, (1994 w.) muxli 47. xelmisawvdomia [nanaxia ] 3 saertasoriso dacvis Sesaxeb saqartvelos kanoni, muxli 67. xelmisawvdomia [nanaxia ] 49

51 moqmedebebis gamo saqartvelosi TavSesafris Txovnam masobrivi xasiati miiro. saqartvelos xelisuflebam jgufuri midgomit statusis miniwebis princips (Prime Facie) mimarta da cxra atasamde pirs ltolvilis statusi mianiwa. 4 saqartvelosi TavSesafris maziebelta axali didi talra wlebidan gamocnda, rac dakavsirebuli iyo axlo armosavletis regionsi, konkretulad ki, erayis respublikasa da siriis arabta respublikasi, ganvitarebul saomar moqmedebebtan. amas daemata 2014 wels ukrainis armosavlet regionebidan da yirimis naxevarkunzulidan wamosul ucxoelta nakadi. im droisatvis saqartvelosi TavSesafris sakitxi regulirdeboda `ltolvilisa da humanitaruli statusebis Sesaxeb~ saqartvelos kanonit. Tumca TavSesafris maziebelta gazrdilma raodenobam acvena, rom arnisnul kanons garkveuli xarvezebi hqonda da sawiroebda gaumjobesebas wlis pirvel Tebervals ZalaSi Sevida `saertasoriso dacvis Sesaxeb~ saqartvelos kanoni, romelic aregulirebs TavSesafris sistemas saqartvelosi. rodesac saubaria TavSesafris sistemaze, gasatvaliswinebelia is garemoeba, rom TavSesafris maziebelta garkveuli nawili am sistemas araketilsindisierad iyenebs _ ucxoelta nawili saertasoriso dacvas swored masin itxovs, rodesac saqartvelos teritoriaze aralegalurad yofnis gamo misi gazevebis sakitxi dgeba. garda amisa, ucxoelebi araketilsindisierad iyeneben TavSesafris sistemas masin, rodesac isini ganmeorebit (meored da metjer) mimartaven saministros da cdiloben isargeblon TavSesafris maziebelta uflebebit. `saertasoriso dacvis Sesaxeb~ saqartvelos kanonis 56-e muxlis Tanaxmad, TavSesafris maziebels ufleba aqvs ar iqnes eqstradirebuli an saqartvelodan gazevebuli, vidre mis- Tvis saertasoriso dacvis miniwebis sakitxtan dakavsirebit saministro ar miirebs gadawyvetilebas an sasamartlo gadawyvetileba ar Seva kanonier ZalaSi; saertasoriso dacvaze gancxadebis ganxilvis periodsi darces TavSesafris maziebelta droebiti gantavsebis centrsi; isargeblos skolamdeli da zogadi ganatlebis, aseve, profesiuli da umarlesi ganatlebis uflebit, saqartvelos moqalaqis msgavsad isargeblos saxelmwifo janmrtelobis dacvis programebit da a.s. 5 `saertasoriso dacvis Sesaxeb~ saqartvelos kanonsi gawerilia ganmeorebiti ganacxadebis ganxilvis procedura. kanonis 45-e muxlis Tanaxmad, Tuki ucxoels an moqalaqeobis armqone pirs ltolvilis an humanitaruli statusi Seuwyda, gauuqmda an CamoerTva, an TavSesafris procedura saqartvelosi dasrulda, mas ufleba aqvs waradginos ganmeorebit saertasoriso dacvaze gancxadeba, Tu a) mis warmosobis qveyanasi moxda iseti cvlilebebi, romlebic misi saertasoriso dacvis sawiroebas acens; b) arsebobs axali faqtobrivi garemoebebi, romlebic wina saertasoriso dacvaze gancxadebasi mititebuli garemoebebis Sefasebisas ar ganxilula da romelta warmoudgenlobac ganmcxadeblis bralit ar momxdara. im 4 TavSesafari saqartvelosi, zogadi informacia. xelmisawvdomia [nanaxia ]. 5 saertasoriso dacvis Sesaxeb saqartvelos kanoni (2017 w.), muxli 56. xelmisawvdomia [nanaxia ]. 50

52 SemTxvevaSi, Tu ucxoeli ver akmayofilebs arnisnul kriteriumebs, saqmis xelaxla ganxilvis garese miireba saertasoriso dacvaze ganmeorebiti gancxadebis ganxilvaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb gadawyvetileba. 6 saertasoriso dacvaze ganmeorebiti gancxadeba seriozul problemasa da gamowvevas warmoadgens saministrosatvis rigi pirobebis gamo: ixarjeba saministros adamianuri da teqnikuri resursi da ixarjeba qveynis resursi, radgan arnisnuli pirebi sargebloben TavSesafris maziebelta uflebebita da aqedan gamomdinare benefitebit. winamdebare politikis dokumentis kvlevis mizania: a) im problemis warmocena, romlis gamoc xdeba TavSesafris sistemis araketilsindisierad gamoyeneba; b) problemebis gadawris optimaluri gzebis mozieba da Sesabamisi rekomendaciebis SemuSaveba. zemoarnisnuli miznebis gansaxorcieleblad kvlevasi gamoyenebulia Semdegi saxis metodologia: arsebuli literaturis mimoxilva, interviuebi sferosi momusave specialistebtan, samxret kavkasiasi gaeros ltolvilta umarlesi komisris ofisis warmomadgeneltan da saxalxo damcvelis aparatis warmomadgeneltan. interviu Catarda specialurad momzadebuli kitxvaris gamoyenebit. amastan, kvle vis processi gavecanit sxvadasxva evropuli qveynis sauketeso praqtikas. problemis arwera TavSesafris motxovnis ufleba TiToeuli adamianis ganuyofeli uflebaa. saqartvelosi saertasoriso dacvis miniwebaze pasuxismgebeli uwyebaa saqartvelos okupirebuli teritoriebidan izulebit gadaadgilebul pirta, gansaxlebisa da ltolvilta saministro. unda arinisnos, rom saqartvelo ltolvilebistvis yoveltvis ar iyo mimzidveli qveyana. pirveli didi nakadi saqartvelom 1990-iani wlebis bolos miiro, rodesac qveynis sazrvars atasobit etnikurad Ce- Ceni TavSesafris maziebeli moadga. mas Semdeg, wlebis ganmavlobasi, saqartvelosi TavSesafrs yovelwliurad ucxo qveynebis daaxloebit moqalaqe itxovda. situacia mkvetrad Seicvala 2014 wlidan, rodesac TavSesafris maziebelta raodenoba TiTqmis 2500%-iT gaizarda. 7 TavSesafris maziebelta raodenobis aseti mkvetri zrda ganapiroba axlo armosavletsi, eraysa da siriasi, mimdinare SeiaraRebulma konfliqtma da aseve ukrainis armosavlet regionebsi ganvitarebulma movlenebma; mogvianebit, wlebsi, amas daemata iemenis krizisi, ramac saqartvelosi iemeneli TavSesafris mazieblebis raodenobis zrdac gamoiwvia. 6 saertasoriso dacvis Sesaxeb saqartvelos kanoni (2017 w.), muxli 56. xelmisawvdomia [nanaxia ]. 7 saqartvelos okupirebuli teritoriebidan izulebit gadaadgilebul pirta, gansaxlebisa da ltolvilta saministros oficialuri vebgverdi; statistika; ltolvilta statistika; xelmisawvdomia bmulze: [nanaxia ]. 51

53 cxrili # TavSesafris maziebeli piri ucxo qveynis moqalaqistvis, romelic sxvadasxva mizezis gamo usafrtxo TavSesafars sawiroebs, saertasoriso dacvis miniweba, civilizebuli samyaros- Tvis adamianis uflebebis dacvis ert-erti qvakutxedia. miuxedavad amisa, unda arinisnos, rom xsiria TavSesafris sistemis araketilsindisierad gamoyenebis faqtebi; sistemit borotad sargeblobasi ramdenime SemTxveva igulisxmeba; xsirad ucxo qveynis moqalaqe TavSesafars mxolod im dros itxovs, rodesac mas Sinagan saqmeta saministros migraciis departamenti, saqartvelosi aralegalurad yofnis gamo, Tavis warmosobis qveyanasi deportaciis miznit akavebs. cxadia, aset dros piri cdilobs qveynidan deportaciis procesi gawelos, rac, ra Tqma unda, saxelmwifos resursis fuwad xarjvas iwvevs. sistemis borotad sargeblobastan gvaqvs saqme aseve im dros, rodesac ucxo qveynis moqalaqe saministros saertasoriso dacvistvis mimartavs mxolod masin, rodesac Sesabamisi organoebi mas akaveben Tavis warmosobis qveyanasi eqstradiciis miznit. gaeros ltolvilta umarlesi komisris saxelmzrvanelo principebis Tanaxmad, devna unda ganvasxvavot saerto samartlit gatvaliswinebuli danasaulis Cadenis Sedegad misjili sasjelisgan. adamianebi, romlebic samartlebriv devnas an sasjels gaurbian, rogorc wesi, ar itvlebian ltolvilebad. xazi unda gaesvas imas, rom ltolvili aris usamartlobis msxverpli an potenciuri msxverpli da ara piri, romelic martlmsajulebas gaurbis. 9 TavSesafris sistemis araketilsindisier gamoyenebas aqvs adgili, rodesac ucxo qveynis moqalaqe saministros saertasoriso dacvis TxovniT, yovelgvari safuzvlis garese, dausruleblad mimartavs ganmeorebit. saertasoriso dacvis Sesaxeb saqartvelos kanonma, romelic ZalaSia 2017 wlis 1-li Tebervlidan, met-naklebad daaregulira gazevebasa da eqstradicias daqvemdebarebuli pirebis ganacxadebis ganxilvis wesi da vadebi. saertasoriso dacvis Sesaxeb~ saqartvelos kanonis 24-e muxlis Tanaxmad, saeqstradicio procedurebis Catarebisas an saqartvelodan gazevebis sakitxis ganxilvisas ucxoels an moqalaqeobis armqone pirs ufleba aqvs, saertasoriso dacvis motxovnit mimar- Tos am muxlit gatvaliswinebul saxelmwifo uwyebebs, saertasoriso dacvis motxovnis SesaZleblobis Sesaxeb informaciis miwodebidan 15 kalendaruli dris 8 saqartvelos okupirebuli teritoriebidan izulebit gadaadgilebul pirta, gansaxlebisa da ltolvilta saministros oficialuri vebgverdi; statistika; ltolvilta statistika; xelmisawvdomia bmulze: [nanaxia - 29/ ]. 9 UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), Handbook and Guidelines on Procedures and Criteria for Determining Refugee Status under the 1951 Convention and the 1967 Protocol Relating to the Status of Refugees, December 2011, HCR/1P/4/ENG/REV. 3, available at: [nanaxia ]. 52

54 Tvisa. 10 Cveni nasromi orientirebulia TavSesafris sistemis borotad gamoyenebis vadasi. 29-e muxlis Tanaxmad, gazevebis procedurasi myofi da eqstradiciisadmi daqvemdebarebuli piris gancxadeba saministrom unda ganixilos ara ugvianes 1 im SemTxvevebze, rodesac ucxo qveynis moqalaqe saministros saertasoriso dacvis TxovniT, yovelgvari safuzvlis garese, dausruleblad mimartavs ganmeorebit. ganmeorebit mimartvis wesi gansazrvrulia saqartvelos kanonit `saerta- Soriso dacvis Sesaxeb~. kanonis 45-e muxlis mixedvit, Tu ucxoels an moqalaqeobis armqone pirs ltolvilis an humanitaruli statusi Seuwyda, gauuqmda an CamoerTva, an TavSesafris procedura saqartvelosi dasrulda, mas ufleba aqvs waradginos ganmeorebiti gancxadeba saertasoriso dacvaze, Tu mis warmosobis qveyanasi moxda iseti cvlilebebi, romlebic mis saertasoriso dacvis sawiroebas warmosobs, an arsebobs axali faqtobrivi garemoebebi, romlebic wina ganxilvis dros ar Sefasebula da romelta warmoudgenlobac ganmcxadeblis bralit ar momxdara. 11 kanonit ar aris akrzaluli saertasoriso dacvis ganmeorebit motxovna, radgan SesaZlebelia TavSesafris maziebels uaris Tqmis Semdeg realurad gaucndes iseti axali garemoeba, romelic sawiroebs Seswavlas. ganmeorebit mimartva ver aikrzaleba, radgan sistemis araketilsindisierad gamoyenebis prevenciam ar unda dacagros TavSesafris ketilsindisierad maziebeli pirebi. dausabutebeli ganmeorebiti ganacxadebebi did problemas warmoadgens saministrostvis sxvadasxva mizezis gamo; pirvel rigsi, dausabutebeli ganmeorebi- Ti ganacxadebis ganxilva fuwad xarjavs saministros resurss, romelic isedac sakmaod SezRudulia. saministros adamianuri resursi, romelic pasuxismgebelia saertasoriso dacvis ganacxadis Seswavlaze da TavSesafris momtxovni piristvis saertasoriso dacvis miniwebis Sesaxeb gadawyvetilebis mirebaze, mwiria. statusis dadgenis ganyofilebasi StatiT dasaqmebulia 6 specialisti; 2018 wlis ganmavlobasi, gaeros ltolvilta umarlesi komisris ofisis finansuri mxardawerit, ganyofilebasi xelsekrulebit dasaqmebulia kidev 2 specialisti. am specialistebis xelsekruleba 2018 wlis bolos mtavrdeba da araa garantirebuli, rom isini ama Tu im formit gaagrzeleben musaobas; gamomdinare iqidan, rom winamdebare dokumenti orientirebulia problemis grzelvadian gadawyvetaze, martebuli iqneba situacia Sefasdes mudmivi resursis mixedvit. rogorc zemot mocemul cxrilsia nacvenebi, ukanaskneli wlebis tendenciis gatvaliswinebit, yovelwliurad TavSesafris maziebel pirta raodenoba daaxloebit 1000-s Seadgens. 6 specialistis pirobebsi, erti wlis ganmavloba- Si ert specialists daaxloebit 170 saqmis ganxilva uwevs, rac yoveltviurad 15-mde saqmis Seswavlas nisnavs. statusis damdgeni specialistebis TqmiT, mravalwliani praqtikis gatvaliswinebit, sasurvelia specialisti TveSi maqsimum saqartvelos kanoni `saertasoriso dacvis Sesaxeb~, muxlebi 24 da saqartvelos kanoni `saertasoriso dacvis Sesaxeb~, muxli

55 saqmes swavlobdes; 12 winaarmdeg SemTxvevaSi, drota ganmavlobasi mosalodnelia xarisxma iklos da imatos arasrulyofilad Seswavlis safuzvelze momzadebuli daskvnebis raodenobam; es ki, Tavis mxriv, gamoiwvevs imas, rom sasamartlo saqmeebis xelaxla ganxilvis davalebas gascems, rac damatebiti saqme iqneba isev imave specialis tebistvis. garda amisa, dausrulebeli ganmeorebiti ganacxadebi, yovelwliur mimartvebtan ertad, gamoiwvevs gansaxilveli saqmeebis dagrovebas. vinaidan 2017 wlamde moqmedi kanonmdebloba ar aregulirebda ganmeorebit ganacxadebs, saminis trosi ar xdeboda Sesabamisi statistikis warmoeba. axal kanonsi saertasoriso dacvaze ganmeorebiti ganacxadis cnebis gacenastan ertad daiwyo statistikis warmoeba wels saministros ganmeorebiti ganacxadit mimarta 125-ma adamianma, rac saerto mimartvis daaxloebit 15%-s Seadgens. 13 es saqmeebi statusis damdgen specialistebs umatebs saqmes im pirobebsi, rodesac mat sasurvelze meti raodenobis saqme aqvt yoveltviurad gansaxilveli. aseve ixarjeba saxelmwifos finansuri resursi, radgan piris TavSesafris mazieblad registracias avtomaturad ertvis misi socialuri da ekonomikuri garantiebit uzrunvelyofa. kerzod, TavSesafris mazieblis statusis mqone piri, saqartvelos moqalaqis msgavsad, isargeblos jandacvis sistemit; garda amisa, Tu maziebeli specifikuri sawiroebis mqone piria, saxelmwifom igi unda uzrunvelyos sacxovrebeli adgilita da sxva aucilebeli pirobebit. saertasoriso dacvaze ganmeorebiti ganacxadebi gamowvevaa aseve evropis qveynebistvis, ris natel magalitsac warmoadgens 2016 wels evropuli parlamentisa da evropuli sabwosatvis evropuli komisiis SeTavazeba saertasoriso dacvis ertiani proceduris Seqmnis Sesaxeb. am procedurasi 42-e muxli etmoba ganmeorebit ganacxadebs problemis gadawris gzebi (alternativebi) politikis dokumentze musaobis processi SeviswavleT saertasoriso gamocdileba da interviuebi aviret ZiriTadi aqtorebisgan. saertasoriso gamocdilebisa da monawile mxareebisgan mirebuli informaciis Sejerebis safuzvelze moxda problemis gadawris gzebis Camoyalibeba. politikis dokumentsi dasmuli problemis gadasawrelad winamdebare nasromsi ganxiluli da Sefasebuli gvaqvs ori alternativa: I alternativa _ saertasoriso dacvaze ganmeorebiti ganacxadis dros ucxo qveynis moqalaqes an moqalaqeobis armqone pirs ar mieniweba TavSesafris mazieblis statusi, Tu saministro ar miirebs gadawyvetilebas ganacxadis ganxilvis Taobaze. 12 statusis damdgen specialistebtan Catarebuli jgufuri interviu. intervius Catarebis TariRi: 19 marti, saministros Sida moxmarebis eleqtronuli statistikuri baza. 14 Proposal for a Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council establishing a common procedure for international protection in the Union and repealing Directive 2013/32/EU, 2016/0224. xelmisawvdomia: sites/homeaffairs/files/what-we-do/policies/european-agenda-migration/proposal-implementation-package/docs/ / proposal_for_a_common_procedure_for_international_protection_in_the_union_en.pdf [nanaxia ].

56 arnisnuli alternativa gulisxmobs, rom saministrosi saertasoriso dacvaze ganmeorebiti ganacxadis wardgenis SemTxvevaSi, piri ar CaiTvleba TavSesafris mazieblad, Tu saministro ar miirebs gadawyvetilebas, rom gancxadebasi mititebulia axali garemoebebi, ris gamoc ganacxadi Seiswavleba Tavidan. es TavisTavad gulisxmobs, rom piri gancxadebis registraciistanave ar daregistrirdeba TavSesafris mazieblad, masze ar gaicema TavSesafris mazieblis cnoba da Sesabamisad, igi ver isargeblebs im uflebebit, ritic sargebloben TavSesafris mazieblebi; kerzod, mas ar eqneba gansaxlebis ufleba, ar eqneba ufaso iuridiuli daxmarebit sargeblobis ufleba, saministros gadawyvetilebis gasacivrebis SemTxvevaSi gadaixdis saxelmwifo bajs. ganmeorebiti ganacxadis SemTxvevaSi TavSesafris mazieblis uflebebit sargeblobis SezRudvis praqtika aprobirebulia safrangetsi, germaniasi, Sveicariasa da kviprosze. 15 saministros gadawyvetilebis gascivrebisa da sasamartlos ganxilvis vadebi SemWidrovdeba; kerzod, saministro ert dresi Seiswavlis piris ganmeorebit ganacxads saertasoriso dacvaze, sadac gawerili unda iyos yvela is axali garemoeba, romlis gamoc piri xelaxla itxovs TavSesafars. im SemTxvevaSi, Tu saministro ganacxadsi warmodgenil faqtebs ar miicnevs axal garemoebad, pirs uars etyvian TavSesafris mazieblad registraciaze da saertasoriso dacvaze misi ganacxadis xelaxla ganxilvaze. am gadawyvetilebis gasacivrebistvis pirs miecema 5 samusao dre. amastan, gamomdinare iqidan, rom igi ar CaiTvleba TavSesafris mazieblad, igi ver isargeblebs ufaso iuridiuli daxmarebit da gadaixdis gasacivrebistvis kanonmdeblobit dadgenil saxelwmifo bajs. Tu piri gaasacivrebs saministros gadawyvetilebas xelaxla ganxilvaze uaris SemTxvevaSi, sasamartlo valdebuli iqneba arnisnuli sakitxi ganixilos 1 Tvis vadasi. am alternativis ganxorcielebis SemTxvevaSi piri, romelic cdilobs sistemis araketilsindisierad gamoyenebas, ver isargeblebs im uflebebita da garantiebit, ritic sargebloben TavSesafris mazieblebi, mat Soris jandacvaze, ganatlebasa da dasaqmebaze xelmisawvdomobit da aseve gansaxlebis uflebit. arsebuli sistema Zalze loialuria, rac ucxoelebs sistemit borotad sargeblobis bevr mizezs da sasualebas azlevs. Tu alternativa ganxorcieldeba, minimumamde dava is benefitebi, ris gamoc pirs aqvs motivacia, dausabutebeli da usafuzv lo ganacxadebit dausruleblad moitxovos TavSesafari saqartvelosi. garda amisa, Tu gasacivrebis SemTxvevaSi im ucxoelebs, vinc araketilsindisierad cdilobs sistemit isargeblos, mouwevt rogorc samartlebrivi konsultantis servisebit sargeblobis safasuris, ise gasacivrebistvis dadgenili saxelmwifo bajis gadaxda. gacilebit naklebi piri gaasacivrebs saministros gadawyvetilebas gan- 15 Country Report - France Asylum Information Database, (AIDA), xelmisawvdomia: [nanaxia ]. Country Report - Germany Asylum Information Database,a (AIDA), xelmisawvdomia: [nanaxia ]. Country Report - Switzerland Asylum Information Database, (AIDA), xelmisawvdomia: [nanaxia ]. Country Report - Cyprus Asylum Information Database, (AIDA), xelmisawvdomia: [nanaxia ]. 55

57 meorebit ganacxadis ganxilvaze uaris Sesaxeb, radgan ar moisurveben Tanxis fu- Wad flangvas. axla mat araferi akavebt, rom gautaveblad asacivron saministros gadawyvetilebebi, radgan mattvis nebismier SemTxvevaSi ufasoa rogorc iuridiuli daxmareba, ise Tavad gasacivreba. arnisnul alternativas, ganxorcielebis SemTxvevaSi, savarudod, eqneba rogorc garkveuli winaarmdegoba, ise garkveuli mxardawera gaeros ltolvilta umarlesi komisris ofisis (SemdgomSi gluki) mxridan. politikis dokumentze mu- Sa obis processi Catarebuli intervius analizze dayrdnobit SegviZlia vivaraudot, rom gluki, Tavisi mandatidan gamomdinare, zogadad ar miesalmeba iset cvlilebebs, romlebic ganmcxadeblebs SeuzRudavs socialur-ekonomikur sargebels. 16 Tumca, rogorc ukve arinisna, aseti SezRudvebi aprobirebulia evropis kavsiris wevr qveynebsic. gluki aseve, savaraudod, ar miesalmeba ganmcxadeblebis ufaso iuridiuli daxmarebis garese datovebas da mattvis gasacivrebistvis dadgenili saxelmwifo bajis gadaxdis valdebulebis dawesebas. Tumca aseti metodebit sistemit araketilsindisierad mosargebletatvis motivaciis Semcireba aseve nacnobia evropis qveynebistvis. garda amisa, is garemoeba, rom SesaZlebelia glukma mxari ar dauwiros konkretuli qmedebebis gatarebas, ar nisnavs imas, rom saxelmwifos arar eqneba SesaZlebloba esa Tu is RonisZieba gaataros. glukis pozicia aris sarekomendacio xasiatis da saxelmwifo ar aris valdebuli is gaiziaros, Tu pozicia ar Seesabameba saxelmwifo interesebs. saxelmwifo interesebi saer- TaSoriso organizaciebis rekomendaciebze marla dgas. zogadad, rogorc gluki, ise saqartvelos saxalxo damcvelis aparati miesalmeba TavSesafris sistemis araketilsindisierad gamoyenebis winaarmdeg qmediti RonisZiebebis gatarebas I alternativis ganxorcielebis SemTxvevaSi, gluki, savaraudod, mxars dau- Wers gasacivrebisa da sasamartlosi ganxilvis vadebis SemWidrovebas; garda amisa, organizacia ar iqneba winaarmdegi, Tu gasacivrebisas mxolod erti instancia miirebs saboloo gadawyvetilebas. 19 amastan, arnisnuli alternativa ar awesebs ganmeorebiti ganacxadis gaketebis akrzalvas, rac glukistvis aucilebeli pirobaa; glukis poziciaa, rom nebismier adamians nebismier vitarebasi unda hqondes usafrtxo TavSesafris Txovnis ufleba interviu samxret kavkasiasi gaeros ltolvilta umarlesi komisris ofisis warmomadgeneltan. intervius Catarebis TariRi 27 aprili, iqve. 18 interviu saqartvelos saxalxo damcvelis warmomadgeneltan. intervius Catarebis TariRi 1 maisi, interviu samxret kavkasiasi gaeros ltolvilta umarlesi komisris ofisis warmomadgeneltan. intervius Catarebis TariRi 27 aprili, iqve. 56

58 cxrili #1. I alternativis dadebiti da uaryofiti mxareebi dadebiti mxareebi daizogeba saxelmwifos resursi, romelic axla fuwad ixarjeba matze, vinc sistemit borotad sargeblobs. uaryofiti mxareebi alternativit gatvaliswinebul ramdenime RonisZiebas mxars ar dauwers gluki. minimumamde Semcirdeba is benefitebi da pirobebi, romlebic pirs azlevs motivacias, ganmeorebit moitxovos TavSesafari qveyanasi. alternativis ganxorcielebas ar swirdeba saxelmwifo biujetidan Tanxebis mobilizeba. II alternativa: arsebuli mdgomareobis status-kvos SenarCuneba es alternativa gulisxmobs arsebuli mdgomareobis, anu status-kvos Senar- Cunebas. amjamad saertasoriso dacvaze ganmeorebit gancxadebasa da procedurul garantiebs aregulirebs `saertasoriso dacvis Sesaxeb~ saqartvelos kanonis 45-e muxli; moqmedi kanonmdeblobit, Tuki saertasoriso dacvaze ganmeorebit gancxadebasi ar aris mititebuli axali faqtobrivi garemoeba(ebi), rac ar Seswavlila pirveladi ganacxadis ganxilvisas an Tuki ganmcxadeblis warmosobis qveyanasi iseti saxis cvlilebebs adgili ar hqonia, romlebic misi saertasoriso dacvis sawiroebas warmosobs, saministro irebs gadawyvetilebas saertasoriso dacvaze ganmeorebiti gancxadebis ganxilvaze uaris Tqmis Sesaxeb. Tumca kanonsi ar aris mkafiod ganmartebuli, piri isargeblebs Tu ara TavSesafris mazieblis statusit. am alternativis ganxorcielebis SemTxvevaSi, ar iqneba sawiro raime saxis qmedeba da sistema ganagrzobs funqcionirebas im formit, ra formitac axla arsebobs. am SemTxvevaSi naklebad savaraudoa, rom politikis dokumentsi arwerili problemebi armoifxvras; unda arinisnos, rom dresdreobit ganmeorebiti ganacxadebis gamoyenebit sistemit borotad sargeblobis SemTxvevebis raodenoba ar arwevs kritikul zrvars; Tumca, qveyanasi TavSesafris maziebelta raodenobis zrdis tendenciis gatvaliswinebit, prevenciis meqanizmis Seqmna aucilebelia. garda amisa, arsanisnavia, rom dresdreobit sruli datvirtvit ar aris amoqmedebuli gazevebis meqanizmi da ucxoelebi, romlebic uars miireben TavSesafar ze, xsirad samartlebrivi safuzvlis ar arsebobis miuxedavad, mainc imyofebian qveyanasi. gazevebis meqanizmis efeqtianad amoqmedebis SemTxvevaSi, sistemit borotad mosargebleta raodenoba mkvetrad gaizrdeba da prevenciis meqanizmis ararsebobis SemTxvevaSi, TavSesafris sistema mnisvnelovani problemebis winase armocndeba. 57

59 cxrili #2. II alternativis dadebiti da uaryofiti mxareebi dadebiti mxareebi saertasoriso organizaciebis mxardawera uaryofiti mxareebi ar Seiqmneba sistemit borotad sargeblobis prevenciis meqanizmi gagrzeldeba saxelmwifos resursis fuwad xarjva alternativebis dadebiti da uaryofiti mxareebis Sefasebis paralelurad, upiratesi alternativis gamovlenis miznit, SevadgineT mosalodneli Sedegebis matrica. cxrili #3. mosalodneli Sedegebis matrica alternativebi Sedegianoba ganxorcielebadoba rentabeloba xarjianoba sargeblianoba I alternativa sasualo sasualo marali udanaxarjod marali II alternativa dabali marali dabali udanaxarjod dabali politikis dokumentze musaobisas sxvadasxva literaturisa da evropuli praqtikis gacnobisa da sferos eqspertebtan Catarebuli interviuebis analizis Sedegad gamovlinda, rom problemis 100%-iT mogvareba faqtobrivad SeuZlebelia, radgan sakitxis specifikurobidan gamomdinare, TavSesafris sistemis araketilsindisieri gamoyenebis srulad arkveta ver moxdeba, Tumca SesaZlebelia, rom sistemis borotad gamoyenebis Sansi da albatoba minimumamde Semcirdes. politikis dokumentsi mocemuli ori alternativis Sedarebisas gamoikveta, rom Sedegianobisa da rentabelobis TvalsazrisiT I alternativa gacilebit upiratesia, vidre meore, radgan I alternativa zogavs saxelmwifo resurss da minimumamde amcirebs im benefitebs, rac izidavs ucxo qveynis moqalaqeebs, rom borotad isargeblon sistemit; amastan, martalia, amjamad saqartvelosi ar fiqsirdeba im ucxoelta didi raodenoba, vinc ganmeorebit itxovs saertasoriso dacvas, magram tendenciebis gatvaliswinebit (yovelwliurad TavSesafris maziebelta raodenobis zrda), uaxloes momavalsi ar aris gamoricxuli arnisnuli nakadis zrda, rasac II alternativa ver gaumklavdeba. xarjianobis TvalsazrisiT, arc erti alternativis ganxorcielebas ar swirdeba Tanxa. I alternativas, savaraudod, ufro naklebi mxardawera eqneba saertasoriso organizaciebis mxridan, 58

60 Tumca sargeblianobis TvalsazrisiT, I alternativa ufro momgebiania, vidre II, radgan itvaliswinebs saxelmwifo resursebis dazogvas. zemoarnisnuli komponentebis urtiertsejerebis Sedegad gamovlinda, rom I alternativa II alternativas- Tan SedarebiT upiratesia. rekomendacia politikis dokumentsi ganxiluli alternativebis mosalodneli Sedegianobis analizma cxadyo, rom I alternativa ufro misarebia, vidre II alternativa. am upiratesi alternativis ganxorcielebisatvis sawiroa sakanonmdeblo cvli lebebi. saertasoriso dacvis Sesaxeb~ saqartvelos kanonsi unda Sevides Semdegi saxis cvlilebebi: saertasoriso dacvaze ganmeorebiti ganacxadis ganxilvis processi ucxoeli an moqalaqeobis armqone piri ar daregistrirdeba TavSesafris mazieblad da, Sesabamisad, ver isargeblebs TavSesafris mazieblis uflebebit. amastan, amave kanonsi unda gaiweros, rom ganmeorebiti ganacxadi saministrom unda ganixilos erti samusao dris vadasi; ganmeorebiti ganacxadis ganxilvaze uaris Tqmis SemTxvevaSi ki, pirs SeeZleba arnisnuli gadawyvetileba sasamartlosi gaasacivros gacnobidan 5 samusao dris vadasi. saqartvelos administraciul saproceso kodeqssi unda Sevides cvlileba, romlitac ganmeorebiti ganacxadis dros raionuli (saqalaqo) da saapelacio sasa martlo saqmes ganixilavs erti Tvis vadasi. `saxelmwifo bajis Sesaxeb~ saqartvelos kanonsi unda Sevides cvlileba, romelsic gaiwereba, rom saerto sasamartloebsi gansaxilvel saqmeebze saxelmwifo bajis gadaxdisgan ar gatavisufldeba is ucxoeli an moqalaqeobis armqone piri, romelic asacivrebs saministros gadawyvetilebas saertasoriso dacvaze ganmeorebiti gancxadebis ganxilvaze uaris Sesaxeb. daskvna Cveni politikis dokumentis mtavar mizans warmoadgenda saqartvelosi TavSesafris sistemis araketilsindisieri gamoyenebit qveynisa da saministrosa- Tvis miyenebuli zianis gansazrvra da araketilsindisieri gamoyenebis prevenciisatvis sawiro metodebis Seswavla. rogorc ukve arinisna, ganxiluli problemis srulad prevencia, Temis specifikidan gamomdinare, faqtobrivad SeuZlebelia, Sesabamisad, dokumentsi gavaanalizet alternativebi, romlebic xels Seuwyobs sistemis borotad gamoyenebis albatobis Semcirebas. SemoTavazebuli ori alternativis dadebiti da uaryofiti mxareebisa da, aseve, mosalodneli Sedegebis matricis SefasebiT gamoikveta upiratesi alternativa, romelic gulisxmobs Semdegs: saertasoriso dacvaze pirveli ganmeorebiti ganacxadis dros ucxo qveynis moqalaqes an moqalaqeobis armqone pirs ar mieniweba TavSesafris mazieblis statusi, Tu saministro ar miirebs gadawyvetilebas ganacxadis ganxilvis Taobaze _ piri avtomaturad ar daregistrirdeba TavSesafris mazi- 59

61 eblad, masze ar gaicema TavSesafris mazieblis cnoba da, Sesabamisad, ver isargeblebs im uflebebit, ritic TavSesafris mazieblebi. mas ar eqneba gansaxlebisa da ufaso iuridiul daxmarebaze wvdomis ufleba, ver isargeblebs sayoveltao jandacvis servisit, sasamartlosi gadawyvetilebis gasacivrebis SemTxvevaSi ki, gadaixdis saxelmwifo bajs. am alternativis Tanaxmad, saministros gadawyvetilebis gasacivrebisa da sasamartlos ganxilvis vadebi SemWidrovdeba. saboloo jamsi, es yvelaferi xels Seuwyobs imas, rom araketilsindisieri TavSesafris mazieblebis- Tvis, mattvis sasurvel uflebebze wvdomis SezRudvis gamo, Semcirdeba sistemis araketilsindisierad gamoyenebis motivacia. dabolos, unda arinisnos, rom SerCeuli upiratesi alternativis ganxorcieleba sawiroebs mxolod sakanonmdeblo cvlilebas da ar moitxovs finansur danaxarjebs. misi praqtikasi asaxva, politikuri nebis arsebobis SemTxvevaSi, SesaZ lebelia moxdes mcire drosi. bibliografia 1. adamianis uflebata sayoveltao deklaracia, saqartvelos konstitucia (1994) 3. saertasoriso dacvis Sesaxeb saqartvelos kanoni 4. TavSesafari saqartvelosi, zogadi informacia: 5. saqartvelos okupirebuli teritoriebidan izulebit gadaadgilebul pirta, gansaxlebisa da ltolvilta saministros oficialuri vebgverdi; statistika; ltolvilta statistika; 6. UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), Handbook and Guidelines on Procedures and Criteria for Determining Refugee Status under the 1951 Convention and the 1967 Protocol Relating to the Status of Refugees, December 2011, HCR/1P/4/ENG/REV Proposal for a Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council establishing a common procedure for international protection in the Union and repealing Directive 2013/32/EU eu/home-affairs/sites/homeaffairs/files/what-we-do/policies/european-agenda-migration/proposal-implementation-package/docs/ /proposal_for_a_common_procedure_for_international_protection_in_the_union_en.pdf 8. Country Report - France Asylum Information Database Country Report - Germany Asylum Information Database Country Report Switzerland Asylum Information Database Country Report - Cyprus Asylum Information Database interviu samxret kavkasiasi gaeros ltolvilta umarlesi komisris ofisis warmomadgeneltan. 13. interviu saqartvelos saxalxo damcvelis warmomadgeneltan. 14. statusis damdgen specialistebtan Catarebuli jgufuri interviu. 60

62 mxilebis meqanizmis danergvis mizansewoniloba saqartvelos kerzo seqtorsi reziume xatia rexviasvili winamdebare politikis dokumentsi mimoxilulia saqartvelos winase kerzo seqtoris ketilsindisierebis TvalsazrisiT arsebuli gamowvevebi. nasromsi ZiriTad problemad ganxilulia kerzo seqtorsi mxilebis ararseboba; amis gamomwvev mizezebad gansazrvrulia biznesis warmomadgenlebsa da saxelmwifos Soris konsensusis ararseboba; uaryofiti sazogadoebrivi damokidebuleba mxilebis mimart da biznesombudsmenis uflebamosilebis SezRuduli farglebi. arnisnulis Sedegad warmoisoba iseti problemebi, rogoricaa: darrvevaze an darrvevis safrtxeze dauyovneblivi reagirebis meqanizmebis ararseboba; dar- Rvevis gamomvleni pirebis devnisa da Seviwroebis safrtxe; adamianis uflebata darrvevis safrtxe; korufciuli garigebebis safrtxe; cnobierebis dabali done; sajaro interesistvis miyenebuli zianis didi masstabi da dausjelobis sindromis arseboba kerzo seqtorsi. arnisnuli problemebidan gamomdinare, ganisazrvra Semdegi miznebi: 1. kerzo seqtorsi arsebul korufciul riskebze/samartaldarrvevebze swrafi reagireba; 2. sajaro interesis dacva kerzo seqtorsi arsebul mometebuli mnisvnelobis sferoebsi; 3. samartaldarrvevis/kerzo seqtorsi arsebuli aramartlzomieri safrtxis gamomvleni pirebis satanado dacvis garantiebit uzrunvelyofa. dasaxuli miznebidan gamomdinare, mizansewonilad mivicniet problemis gadawris sami gzis _ sami alternativis ganxilva: 1. nulovani alternativa _ arsebuli mdgomareobis (status-kvos) SenarCuneba; 2. I alternativa _ kerzo seqtoristvis seqtoruli kanonmdeblobis SemuSaveba, biznesombudsmenis uflebamosilebis gazrda da mistvis sagamoziebo da sazedamxedvelo funqciebis miniweba; 3. II alternativa _ ertiani sakanonmdeblo aqtis SemuSaveba, damoukidebeli sagamoziebo da sakonsultacio organos Seqmna. rogorc xarjtsargeblianobisa da multifaqtoruli analizma acvena, I alternativa (seqtoruli kanonmdeblobis Seqmna) yvelaze nakleb danaxarjs moitxovs, akmayofilebs saertasoriso standartebs da misi ganxorcielebac nakleb risktan aris dakavsirebuli. 61

63 62 Sesavali kerzo seqtorsi korufciuli riskebis Semcireba saqartvelos erovnuli antikorufciuli strategiis ert-erti prioritetia. sainvesticio garemos mnisvnelovani gaumjobesebis miuxedavad, saqartvelo jerac dgas iseti mnisvnelovani gamowvevebis winase, rogoricaa korporaciuli martvis gamwvirvale principebisa da etikuri qcevis normebis damkvidrebis xelsewyoba, biznesis ketilsindisierebis uzrunvelyofis miznit arsebuli riskebis Seswavla, sazogadoebrivi cnobierebis amarleba biznesis ketilsindisierebisa da misi mnisvnelobis Sesaxeb. 1 korufciuli riskebis Semcireba da korufciisgan Tavisufali biznesgaremos ideis advokatireba wlebis antikorufciuli samoqmedo gegmit gatvaliswinebul strategiul samizneebs Sorisaa. 2 Tumca, arsanisnavia, rom saxelmwifoebs gansakutrebuli sifrtxilis gamocena martebt biznesseqtorsi korufciuli riskebis armofxvris miznit regulaciebis SemoRebisas, vinaidan nebismieri sakanonmdeblo Careva SesaZloa zrudavdes biznesseqtoris damoukideblobas da uaryofitad aisaxos sainvesticio garemos Tavisuflebaze. meore mxriv, gasatvaliswinebelia isic, rom kerzo seqtoris saqmianobis farglebsi xvdeba mteli rigi strategiuli mnisvnelobis mimartulebebi, rac ganapirobebs mometebul sazogadoebriv interess kerzo seqtoris mxridan samartaldarrvevebis gamovlenastan dakavsirebit. arnisnuli warmosobs sawiroebas, rom ganvixilot korufciastan brzolis iseti meqanizmis kerzo seqtorsi danergvis mizansewoniloba, rogoricaa mxilebis instituti da mamxilebelta dacvis garantiebi. mxilebis Tanamedrove cnebis erterti pirveli formulirebis Tanaxmad, mxileba aris piris qmedeba, romelic miicnevs rom sajaro interesi aremateba im organizaciis interesebs, romelsac is emsaxureba da amxels organizaciis korufciul, ukanono, TaRliTur an saziano saqmianobas. 3 saqartvelos kanonmdeblobit, mxileba aris piris (mamxileblis) mier gancxadebis ganmxilveli organos, gamomzieblis, prokuroris an/da saqartvelos saxalxo damcvelis informireba sajaro mosamsaxuris (mxilebulis) mier saqartvelos kanonmdeblobis an etikisa da qcevis zogadi wesebis Semcveli normebis darrvevis Sesaxeb, asetis arsebobis SemTxvevaSi, romelmac ziani miayena an SeiZleba miayenos sajaro interess an Sesabamisi sajaro dawesebulebis reputacias. mxilebad CaiTvleba agretve mamxileblis mier zemoarnisnuli darrvevis Sesaxeb samoqalaqo sazogadoebis an masobrivi informaciis sasualebebis informireba gancxadebis ganmxilveli organos, gamomzieblis, prokuroris an saqartvelos saxalxo damcvelis mier gadawyvetilebis mirebis Semdeg. 4 1 saqartvelos erovnuli antikorufciuli strategia, gv saqartvelos wlebis antikorufciuli samoqmedo gegma, prioriteti IX 3 Nader Petkas, and Blackwell, Whistleblowing (1972). citirebulia statiasi: Nicholas M Rongine, Toward a Coherent Legal Response to the Public Policy Dilemma Posed by Whistleblowing, American Business Law Journal, Summer Vol. 23, Iss. 2; p sajaro dawesebulebasi interesta SeuTavseblobisa da korufciis Sesaxeb saqartvelos kanoni, muxli 201, p. a.

64 saqartvelos kanonmdebloba mxilebis meqanizms icnobs mxolod sajaro seqtorsi sajaro mosamsaxuris mier Cadenili samartaldarrvevis mimart. miuxedavad imisa, rom mxilebis cneba yuradrebas amaxvilebs sajaro interesistvis zianis miyenebaze, sakitxis mxolod sajaro seqtorsi daregulirebit samartlebrivi Sefasebisa da kontrolis mirma rceba kerzo seqtoris is saqmianoba, romlis mometebuli mnisvnelobidan gamomdinarec arsebobs satanado kontrolis ganxorcielebis sajaro interesi. winamdebare nasromi miznad isaxavs saqartvelos kerzo seqtorsi mxilebis institutis danergvis mizansewonilobis Sefasebas, arsebuli mdgomareobisa da Carevis alternatiuli modelebis mosalodneli Sedegebis prognozirebas, optimaluri alternativis SerCevas da rekomendaciebis SemuSavebas qmedebis SerCeuli modelis efeqtiani ganxorcielebis miznit. alternativebis SerCeva moxdeba xarjtsargeblianobis analizisa da multifaqtoruli analizis safuzvelze. nasromsi gamoyenebuli iqneba SedarebiT-samarTlebrivi kvlevebi, saerta- Soriso standartebi mxilebis institutisa da mamxileblis dacvis TvalsazrisiT; aseve, sauketeso ucxouri praqtika. problemis arwera biznesis ketilsindisierebis koncefciis advokatireba da qmediti zomebis mireba kerzo seqtorsi korufciuli riskebis Semcirebis miznit, saqartvelos sa- Sinao politikis prioritetul mimartulebastan ertad, saertasoriso samtavrobatasoriso organizaciebis rekomendaciacaa. ekonomikuri TanamSromlobisa da ganvitarebis organizaciis antikorufciuli qselis (OECD-ACN) 2016 wlis SefasebiT, mizansewonilia saqartvelos mtavrobam Seasrulos Semdegi rekomendaciebi: 1. Caataros biznesis ketilsindisierebis riskebis kvleva; kompaniebsa da samtavrobo seqtors miewodos informacia biznesseqtorsi ketilsindisierebis riskebisa da prevenciis meqanizmebis Sesaxeb; 2. biznesombudsmens unda mieces SesaZlebloba CaerTos biznesis ketilsindisierebis sakitxebsi; 3. unda SemuSavdes ketilsindisierebisa da antikorufciuli samoqmedo gegmebi saxelmwifosa da municipalitetebis mier kontrolirebad kompaniebtan dakavsirebit. unda gaizardos am kompaniebis gamwvirvalobis xarisxi matze informaciis proaqtiuli gamoqveynebis motxovnebis gavrcelebis mesveobit; 4. ganxiluli unda iyos sajaro dafinansebis mqone proeqtebis farglebsi ketilsindisierebis paqtebis SemuSavebis SesaZlebloba; 5. unda moxdes iuridiuli pirebis beneficiari mesakutreebis vinaobis gasajaroeba da am informaciis gamoqveyneba onlain. amavdroulad, unda dawesdes pasuxismgebloba am informaciis gaumjravneblobis an araswori informaciis mititebis SemTxvevaSi. 5 aseve arsanisnavia londonis antikorufciul samitze saqartvelos mier arebuli valdebuleba beneficiari mflobelebis reestris warmoebis Sesaxeb. 6 5 OECD-CAN, Anti-corruption Reforms in Georgia, 4 th Round of Monitoring of the Istanbul Anti-Corruption Action Plan, 2016, pp London Anti-Corruption Summit: Commitments to enhance beneficial Ownership; Transparency in the Oil, Gas and Mining Sector, May 2016, p.6 63

65 OECD-ACN-is 2016 wlis me-4 raundis Sefasebisa da 2017 wlis Sualeduri Sefasebebis 7 Tanaxmad, miuxedavad saqartvelos xelisuflebis mier kerzo seqtorsi korufciuli riskebis armosafxvrelad gadadgmuli nabijebisa, kvalav problemur sakitxebad rceba biznesis ketilsindisierebis uzrunvelyofa da Sesabamisi prevenciuli zomebis gatareba. arsanisnavia, rom, erti mxriv, cnobierebis dabali done da, meore mxriv, kontrolis meqanizmebis simcire mnisvnelovnad artulebs organizaciebis saertasoriso rekomendaciebis Sesrulebas. problemis masstabis Semcirebis ert-ert metodad SesaZloa mxilebis institutis kerzo seqtorsi danergvis ganxilva. araerti saertasoriso dokumenti miutitebis mxilebis samartlebrivi mowesrigebisa da mamxileblis dacvis sawiroebaze rogorc sajaro, ise kerzo seqtorsi. mxilebis instituti saqartvelosi 2009 wels sajaro samsaxursi interesta SeuTavseblobisa da korufciis Sesaxeb kanonsi cvlilebebis SetaniT dainerga, Tumca mxilebis, rogorc samartaldarrvevis gamovlenis meqanizmis efeqtianad gamoyeneba mxolod wlebis sakanonmdeblo cvlilebebis SemuSavebis Semdeg gaxda SesaZlebeli. rogorc zemot arinisna, moqmedi kanonmdeblobit, mxileba mxolod sajaro mosamsaxureebis mier Cadenili martlsawinaarmdego qmedebebis mimart gamoiyeneba. Sesabamisad, piri, romelic sajaro interesis (avtoris xazgasma) dasacavad sajaro dawesebulebis mirma amxels Sidaorganizaciul darrvevebs, ver isargeblebs dacvis iseti garantiebit, romlitac arwurvili arian sajaro mosamsaxureebis samartaldarrvevebis mamxilebeli pirebi. arnisnuli midgomit SesaZloa daculi iyos sajaro samsaxuris reputacia, Tumca sajaro interesi, rasac mxilebis instituti emsaxureba, satanado dacvis mirma rceba. sajaro da kerzo seqtors Soris funqciebis delegirebam da mat Soris mwidro urtiertkavsirma kerzo seqtorsic warmosva sajaro interesis dacvis aucilebloba. mometebuli mnisvnelobis sferoebad SeiZleba ganisazrvros telekomunikaciebi; eleqtro-, gaz- da wyalmomarageba; farmaciisa da jandacvis sfero; msenebloba; samoqalaqo aviacia da naosnoba; kvebis mrewveloba. aseve kerzo seqtorsi gansakutrebul sajaro interess warmoadgens saxelmwifos wilobrivi monawileobit Seqmnili sawarmoebis martlzomieri saqmianoba, beneficiari mflobelebis 8 vinaobis gamovlena; politikurad aqtiuri pirebis tranzaqciebis kontroli; insaideruli vawrobisa da karteluri garigebebis gamovlena. 9 7 OECD-CAN, Anti-corruption Reforms in Georgia, 4 th Round of Monitoring of the Istanbul Anti-Corruption Action Plan, Progress Update, September, 2017, pp Beneficial Ownership _ beneficiaris mflobeli aris piri, romelic realurad flobs sawarmos aqtivebs, sawarmos dokumentebsi mititebis garese. 9 mometebuli mnisvnelobis sferoebsi korufciuli riskebis Semcirebis am sawiroebaze miutitebs OECD- CAN-is stambolis antikorufciuli samoqmedo gegmis me-4 raundis Sefasebis angarisic, gv

66 sqema N1. problemebis xe, problemis gamomwvevi mizezebi, ZiriTadi problema, problemit gamowveuli Sedegebi kerzo seqtorsi mxilebis meqanizmis ararseboba gamowveulia saxelmwifosa da kerzo seqtors Soris konsensusis ararsebobis problemit. saxelmwifos mxridan biznesistvis regulaciebis daweseba unda moxdes ormxrivi/mravalmxrivi konsultaciebis safuzvelze. mizansewonilia, erti mxriv, Tavisufali sainvesticio garemos koncefciis SenarCuneba, meore mxriv, sajaro interesis dacva da sajaro interesis darrvevis an darrvevis mosalodnel safrtxeebze myisieri reagireba, ris efeqtian sasualebasac mxileba izleva. arsanisnavia, rom sakanonmdeblo regulirebis ararsebobis pirobebsi kerzo kompaniasi arsebuli darrvevebis (simzimis miuxedavad) gamovlenis albatoba Zalian dabalia, vinaidan pirebs ar aqvt raime saxis angarissworebis/seviwroebisagan dacvis minimaluri garantiebi (ix. sqema N.1). garda arnisnulisa, kerzo seqtorsi mamxileblis dacvas wminda pragmatuli mnisvnelobac aqvs. saertasoriso savawro palatis (ICC) mxilebis saxelmzrvanelo principebis Tanaxmad, kerzo kompaniebsi ganxorcielebuli TaRliTobebisa da sxva samartaldarrvevata 25%-is gamovlena mxilebis mesveobit xdeba. 10 kerzo seqtorsi mxilebis meqanizmis danergvis sawiroebaze miutitebs araerti saertasoriso aqti. mat Soris arsanisnavia gaeros konvencia korufciis winaarmdeg (UNCAC), romelic aris globaluri donis konvencia korufciis winaarmdeg da miutitebs saxelmwifoebis valdebulebaze mamxileblebis dasacavad. konvenciis 33-e muxlis Tanaxmad, TiToeulma saxelmwifom unda ganixilos 10 International Chamber of Commerce, the World Business Organization, ICC Guidelines on Whistleblowing p. 2 65