STANDARD THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES

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1 STANDARD THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES This table gives the standard state chemical thermodynamic properties of about 2400 individual substances in the crystalline, liquid, and gaseous states. Substances are listed by molecular formula in a modified Hill order; all compounds not containing carbon appear first, followed by those that contain carbon. The properties tabulated are: f H Standard molar enthalpy (heat) of formation at K in kj/mol f G Standard molar Gibbs energy of formation at K in kj/mol S Standard molar entropy at K in J/mol K C p Molar heat capacity at constant pressure at K in J/mol K The standard state pressure is 100 kpa (1 bar). The standard states are defined for different phases by: The standard state of a pure gaseous substance is that of the substance as a (hypothetical) ideal gas at the standard state pressure. The standard state of a pure liquid substance is that of the liquid under the standard state pressure. The standard state of a pure crystalline substance is that of the crystalline substance under the standard state pressure. An entry of 0.0 for f H for an element indicates the reference state of that element. See References 1 and 2 for further information on reference states. A blank means no value is available. We are indebted to M.V. Korobov for providing data on fullerene compounds. REFERENCES 1. Cox, J.D., Wagman, D.D., and Medvedev, V.A., CODATA Key Values for Thermodynamics, Hemisphere Publishing Corp., New York, Wagman, D.D., Evans, W.H., Parker, V.B., Schumm, R.H., Halow, I., Bailey, S.M., Churney, K.L., and Nuttall, R.L., The NBS Tables of Chemical of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, Vol. 11, Suppl. 2, Chase M.W., Davies, C.A., Downey, J.R., Frurip, D.J., McDonald, R.A., and Syverud, A.N., JANAF Thermochemical Tables, Third Edition, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, Vol. 14, Suppl. 1, Daubert, T.E., Danner, R.P., Sibul, H.M., and Stebbins, C.C., Physical and Thermodynamic Properties of Pure Compounds: Data Compilation, extant 1994 (core with 4 supplements), Taylor & Francis, Bristol, PA. 5. Pedley, J.B., Naylor, R.D., and Kirby, S.P., Thermochemical Data of Organic Compounds, Second Edition, Chapman & Hall, London, Pedley, J.B., Thermochemical Data and Structures of Organic Compounds, Thermodynamic Research Center, Texas A & M University, College Station, TX, Dolmalski, E.S., Evans, W.H., Hearing E.D., Heat Capacities and Entropies of Organic Compounds in the Condensed Phase, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, Vol. 13, Suppl. 1, 1984; Vol. 19, No. 4, , Gurvich, L.V., Veyts, I.V., and Alcock, C.B., Thermodynamic Properties of Individual Substances, Fourth Edition, Vol. 1, Hermisphere Publishing Corp., New York, Gurvich, L.V., Veyts, I.V., and Alcock, C.B., Thermodynamic Properties of Individual Substances, Fourth Edition, Vol. 3, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 1994.

2 Ac Actinium Ag Silver AgBr Silver(I) bromide AgBrO 3 Silver(I) bromate AgCl Silver(I) chloride AgClO 3 Silver(I) chlorate AgClO 4 Silver(I) perchlorate AgF Silver(I) fluoride AgF 2 Silver(II) fluoride AgI Silver(I) iodide AgIO 3 Silver(I) iodate AgNO 3 Silver(I) nitrate Ag 2 Disilver Ag 2 CrO 4 Silver(I) chromate Ag 2 O Silver(I) oxide Ag 2 O 2 Silver(II) oxide Ag 2 O 3 Silver(III) oxide Ag 2 O 4 S Silver(I) sulfate Ag 2 S Silver(I) sulfide (argentite) Al Aluminum AlB 3 H 12 Aluminum borohydride AlBr Aluminum monobromide AlBr 3 Aluminum tribromide AlCl Aluminum monochloride AlCl 2 Aluminum dichloride AlCl 3 Aluminum trichloride AlF Aluminum monofluoride AlF 3 Aluminum trifluoride AlF 4 Na Sodium tetrafluoroaluminate AlH Aluminum hydride AlH 3 Aluminum hydride AlH 4 K Potassium aluminum hydride AlH 4 Li Lithium aluminum hydride AlH 4 Na Sodium aluminum hydride AlI Aluminum monoiodide AlI 3 Aluminum triiodide AlN Aluminum nitride AlO Aluminum monoxide AlO 4 P Aluminum phosphate AlP Aluminum phosphide AlS Aluminum monosulfide Al 2 Dialuminum Al 2 Br 6 Aluminum hexabromide Al 2 Cl 6 Aluminum hexachloride

3 Al 2 F 6 Aluminum hexafluoride Al 2 I 6 Aluminum hexaiodide Al 2 O Aluminum oxide (Al 2 O) Al 2 O 3 Aluminum oxide (corundum) Al 2 S 3 Aluminum sulfide Am Americium 0.0 Ar Argon As Arsenic (gray) As Arsenic (yellow) 14.6 AsBr 3 Arsenic(III) bromide AsCl 3 Arsenic(III) chloride AsF 3 Arsenic(III) fluoride AsGa Gallium arsenide AsH 3 Arsine AsH 3 O 4 Arsenic acid AsI 3 Arsenic(III) iodide AsIn Indium arsenide AsO Arsenic monoxide 70.0 As 2 Diarsenic As 2 O 5 Arsenic(V) oxide As 2 S 3 Arsenic(III) sulfide At Astatine 0.0 Au Gold AuBr Gold(I) bromide AuBr 3 Gold(III) bromide AuCl Gold(I) chloride AuCl 3 Gold(III) chloride AuF 3 Gold(III) fluoride AuH Gold hydride AuI Gold(I) iodide 0.0 Au 2 Digold B Boron (rhombic) BBr Bromoborane BBr 3 Boron tribromide BCl Chloroborane BClO Chloroxyborane BCl 3 Boron trichloride BCsO 2 Cesium metaborate BF Fluoroborane BFO Fluorooxyborane BF 3 Boron trifluoride BF 3 H 3 N Aminetrifluoroboron BF 3 H 3 P Trihydro(phosphorus trifluoride)boron BF 4 Na Sodium tetrafluoroborate

4 BH Boron monohydride BHO 2 Metaboric acid (monoclinic) BH 3 Borane (3) BH 3 O 3 Boric acid (orthoboric acid) BH 4 K Potassium borohydride BH 4 Li Lithium borohydride BH 4 Na Sodium borohydride BI 3 Boron triiodide BKO 2 Potassium metaborate BLiO 2 Lithium metaborate BN Boron nitride BNaO 2 Sodium metaborate BO Boron monoxide BO 2 Boron dioxide BO 2 Rb Rubidium metaborate BS Boron monosulfide B 2 Diboron B 2 Cl 4 Tetrachlorodiborane B 2 F 4 Tetrafluorodiborane B 2 H 6 Diborane B 2 O 2 Diboron dioxide B 2 O 3 Boron oxide B 2 S 3 Boron sulfide B 3 H 6 N 3 Borazine B 4 H 10 Tetraborane (10) B 4 Na 2 O 7 Sodium tetraborate B 5 H 9 Pentaborane(9) B 5 H 11 Pentaborane (11) B 6 H 10 Hexaborane (10) Ba Barium BaBr 2 Barium bromide BaCl 2 Barium chloride BaCl 2 H 4 O 2 Barium chloride dihydrate BaF 2 Barium fluoride BaH 2 Barium hydride BaH 2 O 2 Barium hydroxide BaI 2 Barium iodide BaN 2 O 4 Barium nitrite BaN 2 O 6 Barium nitrate BaO Barium oxide BaO 4 S Barium sulfate BaS Barium sulfide Be Beryllium BeBr 2 Beryllium bromide BeCl 2 Beryllium chloride

5 BeF 2 Beryllium fluoride BeH 2 O 2 Beryllium hydroxide BeI 2 Beryllium iodide BeO Beryllium oxide BeO 4 S Beryllium sulfate BeS Beryllium sulfide Bi Bismuth BiClO Bismuth oxychloride BiCl 3 Bismuth trichloride BiH 3 O 3 Bismuth hydroxide BiI 3 Bismuth triiodide Bi 2 Dibismuth Bi 2 O 3 Bismuth oxide Bi 2 O 12 S 3 Bismuth sulfate Bi 2 S 3 Bismuth sulfide Bk Berkelium 0.0 Br Bromine (atomic) BrCl Bromine chloride BrCl 3 Si Bromotrichlorosilane BrCs Cesium bromide BrCu Copper(I) bromide BrF Bromine fluoride BrF 3 Bromine trifluoride BrF 5 Bromine pentafluoride BrGe Germanium monobromide BrGeH 3 Bromogermane BrH Hydrogen bromide BrHSi Bromosilylene BrH 3 Si Bromosilane BrH 4 N Ammonium bromide BrI Iodine bromide BrIn Indium(I) bromide BrK Potassium bromide BrKO 3 Potassium bromate BrKO 4 Potassium perbromate BrLi Lithium bromide BrNO Nitrosyl bromide BrNa Sodium bromide BrNaO 3 Sodium bromate BrO Bromine monoxide BrO 2 Bromine dioxide 48.5 BrRb Rubidium bromide BrSi Bromosilyldyne BrTl Thallium(I) bromide Br 2 Bromine

6 Br 2 Ca Calcium bromide Br 2 Cd Cadmium bromide Br 2 Co Cobalt(II) bromide Br 2 Cr Chromium(II) bromide Br 2 Cu Copper(II) bromide Br 2 Fe Iron(II) bromide Br 2 H 2 Si Dibromosilane Br 2 Hg Mercury(II) bromide Br 2 Hg 2 Mercury(I) bromide Br 2 Mg Magnesium bromide Br 2 Mn Manganese(II) bromide Br 2 Ni Nickel(II) bromide Br 2 Pb Lead(II) bromide Br 2 Pt Platinum(II) bromide Br 2 S 2 Sulfur bromide Br 2 Se Selenium bromide Br 2 Sn Tin(II) bromide Br 2 Sr Strontium bromide Br 2 Ti Titanium(II) bromide Br 2 Zn Zinc bromide Br 3 ClSi Tribromochlorosilane Br 3 Fe Iron(III) bromide Br 3 Ga Gallium(III) bromide Br 3 HSi Tribromosilane Br 3 In Indium(III) bromide Br 3 OP Phosphorus(V) oxybromide Br 3 P Phosphorus(III) bromide Br 3 Pt Platinum(III) bromide Br 3 Re Rhenium(III) bromide Br 3 Ru Ruthenium(III) bromide Br 3 Sb Antimony(III) bromide Br 3 Sc Scandium bromide Br 3 Ti Titanium(III) bromide Br 4 Ge Germanium(IV) bromide Br 4 Pa Protactinium(IV) bromide Br 4 Pt Platinum(IV) bromide Br 4 Si Tetrabromosilane Br 4 Sn Tin(IV) bromide Br 4 Te Tellurium tetrabromide Br 4 Ti Titanium(IV) bromide Br 4 V Vanadium(IV) bromide Br 4 Zr Zirconium(IV) bromide Br 5 P Phosphorus(V) bromide Br 5 Ta Tantalum(V) bromide Br 6 W Tungsten(VI) bromide

7 Ca Calcium CaCl 2 Calcium chloride CaF 2 Calcium fluoride CaH 2 Calcium hydride CaH 2 O 2 Calcium hydroxide CaI 2 Calcium iodide CaN 2 O 6 Calcium nitrate CaO Calcium oxide CaO 4 S Calcium sulfate CaS Calcium sulfide Ca 3 O 8 P 2 Calcium phosphate Cd Cadmium CdCl 2 Cadmium chloride CdF 2 Cadmium fluoride CdH 2 O 2 Cadmium hydroxide CdI 2 Cadmium iodide CdO Cadmium oxide CdO 4 S Cadmium sulfate CdS Cadmium sulfide CdTe Cadmium telluride Ce Cerium (γ, fcc) CeCl 3 Cerium(III) chloride CeI 3 Cerium(III) iodide CeO 2 Cerium(IV) oxide CeS Cerium(II) sulfide Ce 2 O 3 Cerium(III) oxide Cf Californium 0.0 Cl Chlorine (atomic) ClCs Cesium chloride ClCsO 4 Cesium perchlorate ClCu Copper(I) chloride ClF Chlorine fluoride ClFO 3 Perchloryl fluoride ClF 3 Chlorine trifluoride ClF 5 S Sulfur chloride pentafluoride ClGe Germanium monochloride ClGeH 3 Chlorogermane ClH Hydrogen chloride ClHO Hypochlorous acid ClHO 4 Perchloric acid ClH 3 Si Chlorosilane ClH 4 N Ammonium chloride ClH 4 NO 4 Ammonium perchlorate ClH 4 P Phosphonium chloride ClI Iodine chloride

8 ClIn Indium(I) chloride ClK Potassium chloride ClKO 3 Potassium chlorate ClKO 4 Potassium perchlorate ClLi Lithium chloride ClLiO 4 Lithium perchlorate ClNO Nitrosyl chloride ClNO 2 Nitryl chloride ClNa Sodium chloride ClNaO 2 Sodium chlorite ClNaO 3 Sodium chlorate ClNaO 4 Sodium perchlorate ClO Chlorine monoxide ClOV Vanadyl chloride ClO 2 Chlorine dioxide ClO 2 Chlorine superoxide (ClOO) ClO 4 Rb Rubidium perchlorate ClRb Rubidium chloride ClSi Chlorosilylidyne ClTl Thallium(I) chloride Cl 2 Chlorine Cl 2 Co Cobalt(II) chloride Cl 2 Cr Chromium(II) chloride Cl 2 CrO 2 Chromyl chloride Cl 2 Cu Copper(II) chloride Cl 2 Fe Iron(II) chloride Cl 2 H 2 Si Dichlorosilane Cl 2 Hg Mercury(II) chloride Cl 2 Hg 2 Mercury(I) chloride Cl 2 Mg Magnesium chloride Cl 2 Mn Manganese(II) chloride Cl 2 Ni Nickel(II) chloride Cl 2 O Chlorine oxide Cl 2 OS Thionyl chloride Cl 2 O 2 S Sulfuryl chloride Cl 2 O 2 U Uranyl chloride Cl 2 Pb Lead(II) chloride Cl 2 Pt Platinum(II) chloride Cl 2 S Sulfur dichloride Cl 2 S 2 Sulfur chloride Cl 2 Sn Tin(II) chloride Cl 2 Sr Strontium chloride Cl 2 Ti Titanium(II) chloride Cl 2 Zn Zinc chloride Cl 2 Zr Zirconium(II) chloride

9 Cl 3 Cr Chromium(III) chloride Cl 3 Dy Dysprosium(III) chloride Cl 3 Er Erbium chloride Cl 3 Eu Europium(III) chloride Cl 3 Fe Iron(III) chloride Cl 3 Ga Gallium(III) chloride Cl 3 Gd Gadolinium(III) chloride Cl 3 HSi Trichlorosilane Cl 3 Ho Holmium chloride Cl 3 In Indium(III) chloride Cl 3 Ir Iridium(III) chloride Cl 3 La Lanthanum chloride Cl 3 Lu Lutetium chloride Cl 3 N Nitrogen trichloride Cl 3 Nd Neodymium chloride Cl 3 OP Phosphorus(V) oxychloride Cl 3 OV Vanadyl trichloride Cl 3 Os Osmium(III) chloride Cl 3 P Phosphorus(III) chloride Cl 3 Pr Praseodymium chloride Cl 3 Pt Platinum(III) chloride Cl 3 Re Rhenium(III) chloride Cl 3 Rh Rhodium(III) chloride Cl 3 Ru Ruthenium(III) chloride Cl 3 Sb Antimony(III) chloride Cl 3 Sc Scandium chloride Cl 3 Sm Samarium(III) chloride Cl 3 Tb Terbium chloride Cl 3 Ti Titanium(III) chloride Cl 3 Tl Thallium(III) chloride Cl 3 Tm Thulium chloride Cl 3 U Uranium(III) chloride Cl 3 V Vanadium(III) chloride Cl 3 Y Yttrium chloride Cl 3 Yb Ytterbium(III) chloride Cl 4 Ge Germanium(IV) chloride Cl 4 Hf Hafnium(IV) chloride Cl 4 Pa Protactinium(IV) chloride Cl 4 Pb Lead(IV) chloride Cl 4 Pt Platinum(IV) chloride Cl 4 Si Tetrachlorosilane Cl 4 Sn Tin(IV) chloride Cl 4 Te Tellurium tetrachloride Cl 4 Th Thorium(IV) chloride Cl 4 Ti Titanium(IV) chloride

10 Cl 4 U Uranium(IV) chloride Cl 4 V Vanadium(IV) chloride Cl 4 Zr Zirconium(IV) chloride Cl 5 Nb Niobium(V) chloride Cl 5 P Phosphorus(V) chloride Cl 5 Pa Protactinium(V) chloride Cl 5 Ta Tantalum(V) chloride Cl 6 U Uranium(VI) chloride Cl 6 W Tungsten(VI) chloride Cm Curium 0.0 Co Cobalt CoF 2 Cobalt(II) fluoride CoH 2 O 2 Cobalt(II) hydroxide CoI 2 Cobalt(II) iodide CoN 2 O 6 Cobalt(II) nitrate CoO Cobalt(II) oxide CoO 4 S Cobalt(II) sulfate CoS Cobalt(II) sulfide Co 2 S 3 Cobalt(III) sulfide Co 3 O 4 Cobalt(II,III) oxide Cr Chromium CrF 2 Chromium(II) fluoride CrF 3 Chromium(III) fluoride CrI 2 Chromium(II) iodide CrI 3 Chromium(III) iodide CrO 2 Chromium(IV) oxide CrO 4 Pb Lead(II) chromate Cr 2 FeO 4 Chromium iron oxide Cr 2 O 3 Chromium(III) oxide Cr 3 O 4 Chromium(II,III) oxide Cs Cesium CsF Cesium fluoride CsF 2 H Cesium hydrogen fluoride CsH Cesium hydride CsHO Cesium hydroxide CsHO 4 S Cesium hydrogen sulfate CsH 2 N Cesium amide CsI Cesium iodide CsNO 3 Cesium nitrate CsO 2 Cesium superoxide Cs 2 O Cesium oxide Cs 2 O 3 S Cesium sulfite Cs 2 O 4 S Cesium sulfate Cs 2 S Cesium sulfide Cu Copper

11 CuF 2 Copper(II) fluoride CuH 2 O 2 Copper(II) hydroxide CuI Copper(I) iodide CuN 2 O 6 Copper(II) nitrate CuO Copper(II) oxide CuO 4 S Copper(II) sulfate CuO 4 W Copper(II) tungstate CuS Copper(II) sulfide CuSe Copper(II) selenide Cu 2 Dicopper Cu 2 O Copper(I) oxide Cu 2 S Copper(I) sulfide Dy Dysprosium Dy 2 O 3 Dysprosium(III) oxide Er Erbium ErF 3 Erbium fluoride Er 2 O 3 Erbium oxide Es Einsteinium 0.0 Eu Europium Eu 2 O 3 Europium(III) oxide Eu 3 O 4 Europium(II,III) oxide F Fluorine (atomic) FGa Gallium monofluoride FGe Germanium monofluoride FGeH 3 Fluorogermane FH Hydrogen fluoride FH 3 Si Fluorosilane FH 4 N Ammonium fluoride FI Iodine fluoride FIn Indium monofluoride FK Potassium fluoride FLi Lithium fluoride FNO Nitrosyl fluoride FNO 2 Nitryl fluoride FNS Thionitrosyl fluoride (NSF) FNa Sodium fluoride FO Fluorine monoxide FRb Rubidium fluoride FSi Fluorosilylidyne FTl Thallium(I) fluoride F 2 Fluorine F 2 Fe Iron(II) fluoride F 2 HK Potassium hydrogen fluoride F 2 HN Difluoramine F 2 HNa Sodium hydrogen fluoride

12 F 2 HRb Rubidium hydrogen fluoride F 2 Mg Magnesium fluoride F 2 N Difluoroamidogen F 2 N 2 cis-difluorodiazine 69.5 F 2 N 2 trans-difluorodiazine 82.0 F 2 Ni Nickel(II) fluoride F 2 O Fluorine monoxide F 2 OS Thionyl fluoride F 2 O 2 Fluorine dioxide 18.0 F 2 O 2 S Sulfuryl fluoride F 2 O 2 U Uranyl fluoride F 2 Pb Lead(II) fluoride F 2 Si Difluorosilylene F 2 Sr Strontium fluoride F 2 Zn Zinc fluoride F 3 Ga Gallium(III) fluoride F 3 Gd Gadolinium(III) fluoride F 3 HSi Trifluorosilane F 3 Ho Holmium fluoride F 3 N Nitrogen trifluoride F 3 Nd Neodymium fluoride F 3 OP Phosphorus(V) oxyfluoride F 3 P Phosphorus(III) fluoride F 3 Sb Antimony(III) fluoride F 3 Sc Scandium fluoride F 3 Sm Samarium(III) fluoride F 3 Th Thorium(III) fluoride F 3 U Uranium(III) fluoride F 3 Y Yttrium fluoride F 4 Ge Germanium(IV) fluoride F 4 Hf Hafnium fluoride F 4 N 2 Tetrafluorohydrazine F 4 Pb Lead(IV) fluoride F 4 S Sulfur tetrafluoride F 4 Si Tetrafluorosilane F 4 Th Thorium(IV) fluoride F 4 U Uranium(IV) fluoride F 4 V Vanadium(IV) fluoride F 4 Xe Xenon tetrafluoride F 4 Zr Zirconium(IV) fluoride F 5 I Iodine pentafluoride F 5 Nb Niobium(V) fluoride F 5 P Phosphorus(V) fluoride F 5 Ta Tantalum(V) fluoride F 5 V Vanadium(V) fluoride

13 F 6 H 8 N 2 Si Ammonium hexafluorosilicate F 6 Ir Iridium(VI) fluoride F 6 K 2 Si Potassium hexafluorosilicate F 6 Mo Molybdenum(VI) fluoride F 6 Na 2 Si Sodium hexafluorosilicate F 6 Os Osmium(VI) fluoride F 6 Pt Platinum(VI) fluoride F 6 S Sulfur hexafluoride F 6 Se Selenium hexafluoride F 6 Te Tellurium hexafluoride F 6 U Uranium(VI) fluoride F 6 W Tungsten(VI) fluoride Fe Iron FeI 2 Iron(II) iodide FeI 3 Iron(III) iodide 71.0 FeMoO 4 Iron(II) molybdate FeO Iron(II) oxide FeO 4 S Iron(II) sulfate FeO 4 W Iron(II) tungstate FeS Iron(II) sulfide FeS 2 Iron disulfide Fe 2 O 3 Iron(III) oxide Fe 2 O 4 Si Iron(II) orthosilicate Fe 3 O 4 Iron(II,III) oxide Fm Fermium 0.0 Fr Francium Ga Gallium GaH 3 O 3 Gallium(III) hydroxide GaI 3 Gallium(III) iodide GaN Gallium nitride GaO Gallium monoxide GaP Gallium phosphide GaSb Gallium antimonide Ga 2 Digallium Ga 2 O Gallium suboxide Ga 2 O 3 Gallium(III) oxide Gd Gadolinium Gd 2 O 3 Gadolinium(III) oxide Ge Germanium GeH 3 I Iodogermane GeH 4 Germane GeI 4 Germanium(IV) iodide GeO Germanium(II) oxide GeO 2 Germanium(IV) oxide

14 GeP Germanium phosphide GeS Germanium(II) sulfide GeTe Germanium(II) telluride 20.0 Ge 2 Digermanium Ge 2 H 6 Digermane Ge 3 H 8 Trigermane H Hydrogen (atomic) HI Hydrogen iodide HIO 3 Iodic acid HK Potassium hydride HKO Potassium hydroxide HKO 4 S Potassium hydrogen sulfate HLi Lithium hydride HLiO Lithium hydroxide HN Imidogen HNO 2 Nitrous acid HNO 3 Nitric acid HN 3 Hydrazoic acid HNa Sodium hydride HNaO Sodium hydroxide HNaO 4 S Sodium hydrogen sulfate HNa 2 O 4 P Sodium hydrogen phosphate HO Hydroxyl HORb Rubidium hydroxide HOTl Thallium(I) hydroxide HO 2 Hydroperoxy HO 3 P Metaphosphoric acid HO 4 RbS Rubidium hydrogen sulfate HO 4 Re Perrhenic acid HRb Rubidium hydride HS Mercapto HSi Silylidyne HTa 2 Tantalum hydride H 2 Hydrogen H 2 KN Potassium amide H 2 KO 4 P Potassium dihydrogen phosphate H 2 LiN Lithium amide H 2 Mg Magnesium hydride H 2 MgO 2 Magnesium hydroxide H 2 N Amidogen H 2 NNa Sodium amide H 2 NRb Rubidium amide H 2 N 2 O 2 Nitramide H 2 NiO 2 Nickel(II) hydroxide

15 H 2 O Water H 2 O 2 Hydrogen peroxide H 2 O 2 Sn Tin(II) hydroxide H 2 O 2 Sr Strontium hydroxide H 2 O 2 Zn Zinc hydroxide H 2 O 3 Si Metasilicic acid H 2 O 4 S Sulfuric acid H 2 O 4 Se Selenic acid H 2 S Hydrogen sulfide H 2 S 2 Hydrogen disulfide H 2 Se Hydrogen selenide H 2 Sr Strontium hydride H 2 Te Hydrogen telluride 99.6 H 2 Th Thorium hydride H 2 Zr Zirconium(II) hydride H 3 ISi Iodosilane H 3 N Ammonia H 3 NO Hydroxylamine H 3 O 2 P Hypophosphorous acid H 3 O 3 P Phosphorous acid H 3 O 4 P Phosphoric acid (orthophosphoric acid) H 3 P Phosphine H 3 Sb Stibine H 3 U Uranium(III) hydride H 4 IN Ammonium iodide H 4 N 2 Hydrazine H 4 N 2 O 2 Ammonium nitrite H 4 N 2 O 3 Ammonium nitrate H 4 N 4 Ammonium azide H 4 O 4 Si Orthosilicic acid H 4 O 7 P 2 Pyrophosphoric acid H 4 P 2 Diphosphine H 4 Si Silane H 4 Sn Stannane H 5 NO Ammonium hydroxide H 5 NO 3 S Ammonium hydrogen sulfite H 5 NO 4 S Ammonium hydrogen sulfate H 6 Si 2 Disilane H 8 N 2 O 4 S Ammonium sulfate H 8 Si 3 Trisilane H 9 N 2 O 4 P Diammonium hydrogen phosphate H 12 N 3 O 4 P Ammonium phosphate He Helium

16 Hf Hafnium HfO 2 Hafnium oxide Hg Mercury HgI 2 Mercury(II) iodide HgO Mercury(II) oxide HgO 4 S Mercury(II) sulfate HgS Mercury(II) sulfide HgTe Mercury(II) telluride Hg 2 Dimercury Hg 2 I 2 Mercury(I) iodide Hg 2 O 4 S Mercury(I) sulfate Ho Holmium Ho 2 O 3 Holmium oxide I Iodine (atomic) IIn Indium(I) iodide IK Potassium iodide IKO 3 Potassium iodate IKO 4 Potassium periodate ILi Lithium iodide INa Sodium iodide INaO 3 Sodium iodate INaO 4 Sodium periodate IO Iodine monoxide IRb Rubidium iodide ITl Thallium(I) iodide I 2 Iodine (rhombic) I 2 Mg Magnesium iodide I 2 Ni Nickel(II) iodide I 2 Pb Lead(II) iodide I 2 Sn Tin(II) iodide I 2 Sr Strontium iodide I 2 Zn Zinc iodide I 3 In Indium(III) iodide I 3 La Lanthanum iodide I 3 Lu Lutetium iodide I 3 P Phosphorus(III) iodide I 3 Ru Ruthenium(III) iodide I 3 Sb Antimony(III) iodide I 4 Pt Platinum(IV) iodide I 4 Si Tetraiodosilane I 4 Sn Tin(IV) iodide I 4 Ti Titanium(IV) iodide I 4 V Vanadium(IV) iodide I 4 Zr Zirconium(IV) iodide In Indium

17 InO Indium monoxide InP Indium phosphide InS Indium(II) sulfide InSb Indium antimonide In 2 Diindium In 2 O 3 Indium(III) oxide In 2 S 3 Indium(III) sulfide Ir Iridium IrO 2 Iridium(IV) oxide IrS 2 Iridium(IV) sulfide Ir 2 S 3 Iridium(III) sulfide K Potassium KMnO 4 Potassium permanganate KNO 2 Potassium nitrite KNO 3 Potassium nitrate KNa Potassium sodium 6.3 KO 2 Potassium superoxide K 2 Dipotassium K 2 O Potassium oxide K 2 O 2 Potassium peroxide K 2 O 4 S Potassium sulfate K 2 S Potassium sulfide K 3 O 4 P Potassium phosphate Kr Krypton La Lanthanum LaS Lanthanum sulfide La 2 O 3 Lanthanum oxide Li Lithium LiNO 2 Lithium nitrite LiNO 3 Lithium nitrate Li 2 Dilithium Li 2 O Lithium oxide Li 2 O 2 Lithium peroxide Li 2 O 3 Si Lithium metasilicate Li 2 O 4 S Lithium sulfate Li 2 S Lithium sulfide Li 3 O 4 P Lithium phosphate Lr Lawrencium 0.0 Lu Lutetium Lu 2 O 3 Lutetium oxide Md Mendelevium 0.0 Mg Magnesium MgN 2 O 6 Magnesium nitrate MgO Magnesium oxide MgO 4 S Magnesium sulfate

18 MgO 4 Se Magnesium selenate MgS Magnesium sulfide Mg 2 Dimagnesium Mg 2 O 4 Si Magnesium orthosilicate Mn Manganese MnN 2 O 6 Manganese(II) nitrate MnNa 2 O 4 Sodium permanganate MnO Manganese(II) oxide MnO 2 Manganese(IV) oxide MnO 3 Si Manganese(II) metasilicate MnS Manganese(II) sulfide MnSe Manganese(II) selenide Mn 2 O 3 Manganese(III) oxide Mn 2 O 4 Si Manganese(II) orthosilicate Mn 3 O 4 Manganese(II,III) oxide Mo Molybdenum MoNa 2 O 4 Sodium molybdate MoO 2 Molybdenum(IV) oxide MoO 3 Molybdenum(VI) oxide MoO 4 Pb Lead(II) molybdate MoS 2 Molybdenum(IV) sulfide N Nitrogen (atomic) NNaO 2 Sodium nitrite NNaO 3 Sodium nitrate NO Nitric oxide NO 2 Nitrogen dioxide NO 2 Rb Rubidium nitrite NO 3 Rb Rubidium nitrate NO 3 Tl Thallium(I) nitrate NP Phosphorus nitride N 2 Nitrogen N 2 O Nitrous oxide N 2 O 3 Nitrogen trioxide N 2 O 4 Nitrogen tetroxide N 2 O 4 Sr Strontium nitrite N 2 O 5 Nitrogen pentoxide N 2 O 6 Pb Lead(II) nitrate N 2 O 6 Ra Radium nitrate N 2 O 6 Sr Strontium nitrate N 2 O 6 Zn Zinc nitrate N 3 Na Sodium azide N 4 Si 3 Silicon nitride Na Sodium NaO 2 Sodium superoxide Na 2 Disodium

19 Na 2 O Sodium oxide Na 2 O 2 Sodium peroxide Na 2 O 3 S Sodium sulfite Na 2 O 3 Si Sodium metasilicate Na 2 O 4 S Sodium sulfate Na 2 S Sodium sulfide Nb Niobium NbO Niobium(II) oxide NbO 2 Niobium(IV) oxide Nb 2 O 5 Niobium(V) oxide Nd Neodymium Nd 2 O 3 Neodymium oxide Ne Neon Ni Nickel NiO 4 S Nickel(II) sulfate NiS Nickel(II) sulfide Ni 2 O 3 Nickel(III) oxide No Nobelium 0.0 O Oxygen (atomic) OP Phosphorus monoxide OPb Lead(II) oxide (massicot) OPb Lead(II) oxide (litharge) OPd Palladium(II) oxide ORa Radium oxide ORb 2 Rubidium oxide ORh Rhodium monoxide OS Sulfur monoxide OSe Selenium monoxide OSi Silicon monoxide OSn Tin(II) oxide OSr Strontium oxide OTi Titanium(II) oxide OTl 2 Thallium(I) oxide OU Uranium(II) oxide 21.0 OV Vanadium(II) oxide OZn Zinc oxide O 2 Oxygen O 2 P Phosphorus dioxide O 2 Pb Lead(IV) oxide O 2 Rb Rubidium superoxide O 2 Rb 2 Rubidium peroxide O 2 Ru Ruthenium(IV) oxide O 2 S Sulfur dioxide O 2 Se Selenium dioxide O 2 Si Silicon dioxide (α-quartz)

20 O 2 Sn Tin(IV) oxide O 2 Te Tellurium dioxide O 2 Th Thorium(IV) oxide O 2 Ti Titanium(IV) oxide O 2 U Uranium(IV) oxide O 2 W Tungsten(IV) oxide O 2 Zr Zirconium(IV) oxide O 3 Ozone O 3 PbS Lead(II) sulfite O 3 PbSi Lead(II) metasilicate O 3 Pr 2 Praseodymium oxide O 3 Rh 2 Rhodium(III) oxide O 3 S Sulfur trioxide O 3 Sc 2 Scandium oxide O 3 SiSr Strontium metasilicate O 3 Sm 2 Samarium(III) oxide O 3 Tb 2 Terbium oxide O 3 Ti 2 Titanium(III) oxide O 3 Tm 2 Thulium oxide O 3 U Uranium(VI) oxide O 3 V 2 Vanadium(III) oxide O 3 W Tungsten(VI) oxide O 3 Y 2 Yttrium oxide O 3 Yb 2 Ytterbium(III) oxide O 4 Os Osmium(VIII) oxide O 4 PbS Lead(II) sulfate O 4 PbSe Lead(II) selenate O 4 Pb 2 Si Lead(II) orthosilicate O 4 Pb 3 Lead(II,II,IV) oxide O 4 RaS Radium sulfate O 4 Rb 2 S Rubidium sulfate O 4 Ru Ruthenium(VIII) oxide O 4 SSr Strontium sulfate O 4 STl 2 Thallium(I) sulfate O 4 SZn Zinc sulfate O 4 SiSr 2 Strontium orthosilicate O 4 SiZn 2 Zinc orthosilicate O 4 SiZr Zirconium(IV) orthosilicate O 5 Sb 2 Antimony(V) oxide O 5 Ta 2 Tantalum(V) oxide O 5 Ti 3 Titanium(III,IV) oxide O 5 V 2 Vanadium(V) oxide O 5 V 3 Vanadium(III,IV) oxide O 7 Re 2 Rhenium(VII) oxide O 7 U 3 Uranium(IV,VI) oxide

21 O 8 S 2 Zr Zirconium(IV) sulfate O 8 U 3 Uranium(V,VI) oxide O 9 U 4 Uranium(IV,V) oxide Os Osmium P Phosphorus (white) P Phosphorus (red) P Phosphorus (black) P 2 Diphosphorus P 4 Tetraphosphorus Pa Protactinium Pb Lead PbS Lead(II) sulfide PbSe Lead(II) selenide PbTe Lead(II) telluride Pd Palladium PdS Palladium(II) sulfide Pm Promethium Po Polonium 0.0 Pr Praseodymium Pt Platinum PtS Platinum(II) sulfide PtS 2 Platinum(IV) sulfide Pu Plutonium 0.0 Ra Radium Rb Rubidium Re Rhenium Rh Rhodium Rn Radon Ru Ruthenium S Sulfur (rhombic) S Sulfur (monoclinic) 0.3 SSi Silicon monosulfide SSn Tin(II) sulfide SSr Strontium sulfide STl 2 Thallium(I) sulfide SZn Zinc sulfide (wurtzite) SZn Zinc sulfide (sphalerite) S 2 Disulfur Sb Antimony Sb 2 Diantimony Sc Scandium Se Selenium SeSr Strontium selenide SeTl 2 Thallium(I) selenide SeZn Zinc selenide

22 Se 2 Diselenium Si Silicon Si 2 Disilicon Sm Samarium Sn Tin (white) Sn Tin (gray) Sr Strontium Ta Tantalum Tb Terbium Tc Technetium Te Tellurium Te 2 Ditellurium Th Thorium Ti Titanium Tl Thallium Tm Thulium U Uranium V Vanadium W Tungsten Xe Xenon Y Yttrium Yb Ytterbium Zn Zinc Zr Zirconium C Carbon (graphite) C Carbon (diamond) CAgN Silver(I) cyanide CAg 2 O 3 Silver(I) carbonate CBaO 3 Barium carbonate CBeO 3 Beryllium carbonate CBrClF 2 Bromochlorodifluoromethane CBrCl 2 F Bromodichlorofluoromethane CBrCl 3 Bromotrichloromethane CBrF 3 Bromotrifluoromethane CBrN Cyanogen bromide CBrN 3 O 6 Bromotrinitromethane CBr 2 ClF Dibromochlorofluoromethane CBr 2 Cl 2 Dibromodichloromethane CBr 2 F 2 Dibromodifluoromethane CBr 2 O Carbonyl bromide CBr 3 Cl Tribromochloromethane CBr 3 F Tribromofluoromethane

23 CBr 4 Tetrabromomethane CCaO 3 Calcium carbonate (calcite) CCaO 3 Calcium carbonate (aragonite) CCdO 3 Cadmium carbonate CClFO Carbonyl chloride fluoride CClF 3 Chlorotrifluoromethane CClN Cyanogen chloride CClN 3 O 6 Chlorotrinitromethane CCl 2 F 2 Dichlorodifluoromethane CCl 2 O Carbonyl chloride CCl 3 Trichloromethyl 59.0 CCl 3 F Trichlorofluoromethane CCl 4 Tetrachloromethane CCoO 3 Cobalt(II) carbonate CCs 2 O 3 Cesium carbonate CCuN Copper(I) cyanide CFN Cyanogen fluoride CF 2 O Carbonyl fluoride CF 3 Trifluoromethyl CF 3 I Trifluoroiodomethane CF 4 Tetrafluoromethane CFeO 3 Iron(II) carbonate CFe 3 Iron carbide CH Methylidyne CHBrClF Bromochlorofluoromethane CHBrCl 2 Bromodichloromethane CHBrF 2 Bromodifluoromethane CHBr 2 Cl Chlorodibromomethane CHBr 2 F Dibromofluoromethane CHBr 3 Tribromomethane CHClF 2 Chlorodifluoromethane CHCl 2 F Dichlorofluoromethane CHCl 3 Trichloromethane CHCsO 3 Cesium hydrogen carbonate CHFO Formyl fluoride CHF 3 Trifluoromethane CHI 3 Triiodomethane CHKO 2 Potassium formate CHKO 3 Potassium hydrogen carbonate CHN Hydrogen cyanide CHNO Isocyanic acid (HNCO) CHNS Isothiocyanic acid CHN 3 O 6 Trinitromethane CHNaO 2 Sodium formate

24 CHNaO 3 Sodium hydrogen carbonate CHO Oxomethyl (HCO) CH 2 Methylene CH 2 BrCl Bromochloromethane CH 2 BrF Bromofluoromethane CH 2 Br 2 Dibromomethane CH 2 ClF Chlorofluoromethane CH 2 Cl 2 Dichloromethane CH 2 F 2 Difluoromethane CH 2 I 2 Diiodomethane CH 2 N 2 Diazomethane CH 2 N 2 Cyanamide 58.8 CH 2 N 2 O 4 Dinitromethane CH 2 O Formaldehyde (CH 2 O) x Paraformaldehyde CH 2 O 2 Formic acid CH 2 S 3 Trithiocarbonic acid 24.0 CH 3 Methyl CH 3 BO Borane carbonyl CH 3 Br Bromomethane CH 3 Cl Chloromethane CH 3 F Fluoromethane CH 3 I Iodomethane CH 3 NO Formamide CH 3 NO 2 Nitromethane CH 3 NO 2 Methyl nitrite CH 3 NO 3 Methyl nitrate CH 4 Methane CH 4 N 2 Ammonium cyanide CH 4 N 2 O Urea CH 4 N 2 S Thiourea CH 4 N 4 O 2 Nitroguanidine CH 4 O Methanol CH 4 S Methanethiol CH 5 N Methylamine CH 5 NO 3 Ammonium hydrogen carbonate CH 5 N 3 Guanidine CH 5 N 3 S Hydrazinecarbothioamide 24.7 CH 5 N 5 O 2 3-Amino-1-nitroguanidine 22.1 CH 6 ClN Methylamine hydrochloride CH 6 N 2 Methylhydrazine CH 6 Si Methylsilane CHg 2 O 3 Mercury(I) carbonate CIN Cyanogen iodide

25 CI 4 Tetraiodomethane CKN Potassium cyanide CKNS Potassium thiocyanate CK 2 O 3 Potassium carbonate CLi 2 O 3 Lithium carbonate CMgO 3 Magnesium carbonate CMnO 3 Manganese(II) carbonate CN Cyanide CNNa Sodium cyanide CNNaO Sodium cyanate CN 4 O 8 Tetranitromethane CNa 2 O 3 Sodium carbonate CO Carbon monoxide COS Carbon oxysulfide CO 2 Carbon dioxide CO 3 Pb Lead(II) carbonate CO 3 Rb 2 Rubidium carbonate CO 3 Sr Strontium carbonate CO 3 Tl 2 Thallium(I) carbonate CO 3 Zn Zinc carbonate CS Carbon sulfide CS 2 Carbon disulfide CSe 2 Carbon diselenide CSi Silicon carbide (cubic) CSi Silicon carbide (hexagonal) C 2 Dicarbon C 2 BrF 5 Bromopentafluoroethane C 2 Br 2 ClF 3 1,2-Dibromo-1-chloro- 1,2,2-trifluoroethane C 2 Br 2 F 4 1,2-Dibromotetrafluoroethane C 2 Br 4 Tetrabromoethylene C 2 Br 6 Hexabromoethane C 2 Ca Calcium carbide C 2 CaN 2 Calcium cyanide C 2 CaO 4 Calcium oxalate C 2 ClF 3 Chlorotrifluoroethylene C 2 ClF 5 Chloropentafluoroethane C 2 Cl 2 F 4 1,2-Dichlorotetrafluoroethane C 2 Cl 2 O 2 Ethanedioyl dichloride C 2 Cl 3 F 3 1,1,2-Trichlorotrifluoroethane C 2 Cl 3 N Trichloroacetonitrile C 2 Cl 4 Tetrachloroethylene