The Origin and Applied Region of Zoysiagrasses in USA

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1 2004, 31 (1) : Acta Horticulturae Sinica ( 1, ; 2, ) : 1895, ,,, (), 1990,, : ; ; ; ; : S : A : X (2004) The Origin and Applied Region of Zoysiagrasses in USA Xu Ligen 1, Tan Zhijian 2, and Tan Jiqing 2 ( 1 College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou ; Chongqing ) 2 Chongqing Municipal Research Institute of Landscape, Abstract : Zoysia japonica Steud. was first introduced to USA from the northeast part of China in Af2 ter that, more than 10 species of Zoysia grasses were introduced from China, Korea and other South2Asia areas. Since 1980πs, the warm2season turfgrasses, particularly Zoysiagrass cultivars, have been increasingly used because of the decline in quality of the cool2season turfgrasses as a result of environmental stresses and diseases in the transi2 tion regions between cool and warm climates in USA. Several types of new Zoysia grass cultivars have been select2 ed, bred, and planted in the South and transition regions in USA. On the other hand, China has been importing large quantities of the cool2season turfgrass seeds from USA since 1990πs and planted them in almost every city in the country. Many problems with the cool2season turfgrasses have recently surfaced in China. This paper will dis2 cuss the valuable lessons that other countries have learned, and will offer suggestions for the development of the do2 mestic industrialization of turfgrasses in China. Key words : Zoysiagrass ; USA ; Application ; Origin ; Region ; Lawn,,, 1, 200 () 2,3, (Japanese lawngrass), () 4 K. L. Willdenow 18 Karl von Zois, 1801 Zoysia Willd.,, C ,,, N N 3, ( Cynodon Rich. ) ( Eremochloa Buse. ) : ; : : (2003 C 30017) ;

2 125 1 : 3,5,79, ,, ,,,, ( Poa L. ) ( Lolium L. ) ( Festuca L. ) ( Agrostis L. ),,, t, t, 7000 t 10 10, 1000,, (), ;, ;, ;, ;, ;,, 23 ;, 20 80,,,,,, 5, 79,,, ;,,,,, ( Zoysia japonica Steud. ) C. V. Piper Z. matrella (L. ) Merr., ( Mascarene Islands) ( Z. tenuifolia Willd. ex Thiele) Frank N. Meyer,, ,, 1951 Meyer,, 20 80, 5,,, ( Z. sinica Hance) ( Z. macrostachya Franch. et Sav. ) ( Z. aristata Mueller) ( Z. macrantha Desvaux) ( Z. malaccensis Gandoger) ( Z. minima Zotov) ( Z. pacifica Hotta & Kuroki) ( Z. pauciflora Mez) ( Z. planifolia Zotov) ( Z. seslerioides Clayton et Richardson) ( Z. iodostachys Gandoger) 1113

3 , 15, ( Zoysia japonica Steud., Japanese lawngrass) (Meyer, Z - 52 ) 1905,,,,,, ( EL Toro ),,, Meyer,,, Meyer,,, (De Anza ) EL Toro, EL Toro,,,,,,,,,, (Belair ), Meyer,, Meyer ( Empire ) Meyer EL Toro,,,,,,,,,,, ( Empress ) Empire, Emerald, Meyer,,, (Palisades ),,,, (Crowne ),,,, (Companion ),,, ( Grey Leaf Spot), (Traveler ) (common zoysiagrass, Zoysia japonica),, (Sunrise ) Chinese common, (T - 1 Meyer ),, Meyer ( Zoysia japonica), Zen 200 CS Zent Meyer, Meyer Zen 300 CS Zent,,

4 127 1 : Meyer,,,,,,, Zen 400 CS Zent, Meyer,,,, SR 9000, (), SR 9100,,, Meyer,, J - 36,,, Zenith,,, EL Toro Meyer Emerald FLR Belair Meyer,, Meyer Belair,, Meyer, Meyer FLR Belair Meyer, (Meyer, Belair ), Meyer,,, Meyer FZ - 26 Bogor J. C. Koningsberger 1916,,,,, mm, 60 mm Zeon, Emerald,, Z. matrella (L. ) Merr., manilagrass,,,,, (Diamond ),,,, (Cavalier ),,, ( Zoysia tenuifolia Willd. ex Thiele, Mascarence grass), (Zoysia hybrids) ( Emerald ),,, Z - 3,,,, (Cashmere ),,,,, 2 : 1.,

5 , ; 2. ; 3. ; 4. ; 5. ; 6. ; 7., ; 8. ( ), ( ) ; 9. ; 10.,, Donovan 14 Chamberlin 15,, J. D. Fry :, (),,,, 17,, , 35 N, () 3 311,, 10,,,,,,, 10,,,,, 312, (300 d), ( 260 d),,,,,,,,,,,,, (, ) (, )

6 129 1 :,,,, ,,, 5,79,,, 18,,,, : 1..., Richard W Smiley. Compendium of turfgrass diseases. USA : APS Press, ,... :, ,.., ,,,.. :, ,,.. :, ,,.., 1998, 19 : Weng J H, Chen Y C. Variation of salinity tolerance in Zoysia clones collected from different habitats in Taiwan. Plant Prod. Sci., 2001, 4 (4) : ,.., 2001, (1) : , 2001, ( ) : Hanson A A, Juska F V, Burton G W. Turfgrass science. Agronomy Amer. Soc. Agron., 1974, 14 : Piper C V. Osterdamia matrellan (L. ) Kuntze ( Zoysia pungens Willd. ). Plant inventory, 1915, 33 : Busey P, Reinert J A, Atilano R A. Genetic and environmental determinants of zoysiagrass adaptation in a subtropical region. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 1982, 107 : Donovan H. Lawns and ground covers. Virginia : Alexansria, Chamberlin S. Lawns and ground covers. USA : HPBooks, Fry J D, Dernoeden P H. Growth of zoysia grass from vegetative plugs in response of fertilizers. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 1987, 112 (1) : Qian YL, Engelke M C. Performance of five turfgrass under linear gradient irrigation. HortScience 1999, 34 (5) : ,.., 2001, ( ) : 13 47,, 2001, ;, ;, ; ; : 30 () 12, :

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