Spatial Distribution of Nitrogen Contamination in Karst Aquifer in Guilin Peak Forest Plain

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1 Research of Environmental Sciences Vol 26 No 3 Mar 2013 J WANG Kairan GUO Fang JIANG Guanghui et al Spatial distribution of nitrogen contamination in karst aquifer in Guilin peak forest plain J Research of Environmental Sciences * NO - 3 -N ρ NO - 3 -N N 9 15 mg L 10 mg L ρ NH + 4 -N ρ NO - 2 -N NO - 2 -N NH + 4 -N NO - 2 -N ρ NO - 3 -N ~ mg L NO - 3 -N NO - 3 -N ρ NO - 3 -N P64 X523 A Spatial Distribution of Nitrogen Contamination in Karst Aquifer in Guilin Peak Forest Plain WANG Kai-ran 1 2 GUO Fang 1 JIANG Guang-hui 1 CHEN Guo-fu 1 2 ZHOU Wen-liang Key Laboratory of Karst Dynamics Institute of Karst Geology CAGS Guilin China 2 College of Geographical Sciences Southwest University Chongqing China Abstract To determine the characteristics of nitrogen contamination in karst aquifer in the east Guilin samples of the surface and groundwater were sampled according to the stratigraphic structure and patterns of the land use The results showed that the groundwater in the eastern Guilin was contaminated by nitrate The average concentration of NO - 3 -N was 9 15 mg L which was on the edge of unsuitable for drinking water according to the National Quality Standard of Groundwater 10 mg L NH + 4 -N was basically not detected and the concentration of NO - 2 -N was also very low which mainly existed in the surface water These two forms of nitrogen were not the main types of the underground water in this area Different patterns of the land use had different NO - 3 -N levels ranging from to mg L The main source of NO - 3 -N pollution in the shallow groundwater was sewage and cattle manure in the residential area Organic fertilizer used for vegetable planting was the source of NO - 3 -N pollution in the agricultural area In addition influenced by the hydrogeology condition the concentration of NO - 3 -N had a rising trend with the flow direction of the groundwater in this area Key words peak forest plain area karst aquifer nitrogen pollution spatial distribution wkr @ 163 com * gfkarst@ 126 com

2 km 2 GPS WTW Multi340i T ph EC ρ DO E h Merck 0 ~ 3 m ρ Ca 2 + ρ HCO m 600 ml h ρ NH + 4 -N ρ NO - 2 -N 1 11 ρ NH + 4 -N ρ NO - 2 -N α- g1 ~ g16 s17 ~ s27 ρ NO - 3 -N ρ Cl - 2 ρ SO % Excel 2003 Origin 8 5 ρ NO - 3 -N ρ NH + 4 -N ρ NO - 2 -N N 2 2 GB T ρ NO - 3 -N Ⅰ 2 0 mg L Ⅱ 2 0 ~ 5 0 mg L Ⅲ 5 0 ~ 20 mg L Ⅳ 20 ~ 30 mg L Ⅴ > 30 mg L Ⅲ ρ NO - 3 -N 10 mg L Fig 1 Schematic of the study area 1 1 ρ NO - 3 -N ~ mg L mg L g mm ρ NO - 3 -N mg L S31 D 3 r mg L GB T 14848

3 3 283 g8 g9 g10 g11 g12 g13 g14 g15 g16 1 Table 1 Hydrochemical index and three nitrogen content in the study area EC ph μs cm ρ mg L NH 4 + -N NO 2 - -N NO 3 - -N DO Cl - SO g1 S g g g g g g s s s s s s s s s s s ρ NO - 3 -N 2 0 mg L 37% ρ NO - 3 -N 2 0 ~ 5 0 mg L 26% ρ NO - 3 -N 5 0 ~ 20 mg L 15% 19% ρ NO - 3 -N > 20 mg L GB T Ⅲ ρ NO - 3 -N 10 mg L 44% ρ NO - 3 -N 3 2 NO - 3 -N ρ NO - 3 -N 3 EC > 300 μs cm 14 2 ρ NO - 3 -N Fig 2 The concentration of NO EC - 3 -N frequency chart of the water in the study area NO - 3 -N NO - 3 -N EC C a 2 +

4 ρ NO - 3 -N 4 1 Fig 3 Spatial distribution of water concentration of NO - 3 -N in the study area NH + 4 -N ρ NO - 2 -N ρ NO - 2 -N s19 s23 s24 s25 s26 s27 ρ NH + 4 -N s25 s ρ NO - 3 -N mg L ρ NO - 2 -N ρ NO - 3 -N 3 mg L mg L Cl NH + 4 -N ρ NH + 4 -N 17 ρ Cl - ρ Cl - NO - 3 -N mg L 4 15 mg L NH + 4 -N NO - 3 -N ρ Cl - NH + 4 -N 14 NO - 3 -N Cl - 25 NO - 3 -N DO ρ DO 2 0 mg L 1998 Desimone 20 NO - 3 -N ρ DO 2 ~ 6 mg L ρ DO 1 g1 g2 ρ DO > 6 0 mg L ρ DO 1 33 ~ 5 24 mg L mg L ρ DO 0 82 ~ mg L mg L ρ DO DO NO - 3 -N TN DO NO - 3 -N g1 g2 g3 g4 18 ρ DO < 0 2 mg L Ritter 19 NO - 3 -N

5 3 285 NO - 3 -N g5 g10 g16 ρ NO - 3 -N > > % ~ 80% D 3 r C 1 y 4 6 Fig 4 Sketch map of groundwater in the study area ph ρ NO - 3 -N ~ 10 m ~ 3 m 5 EC ph ρ NO - 3 -N Fig 5 Trend of EC ph and the concentration of 8 NO - 3 -N of the undergroundwater sampling ρ NO - sites along the groundwater flow 3 -N CaCO 3 EC

6 a NO - 3 -N ρ NO - 3 -N NO - 3 -N ρ Cl - J EC b J ρ NO - 3 -N J 17 MENGIS M SCHIFF S L > > c in a riparian zone J RITTER K NO - 3 -N 1 KREITLER C W JONES D C Natural soil nitrate the cause of the nitrate contamination of groundwater in Runnels County Texas J Ground Water WELLS E R KROTHE N C Seasonal fluctuation in δ 15 N of groundwater nitrate in a mantled karst aquifer due to macropore transport of fertilize-derived nitrate J Journal of Hydrology N 15 N 24 AERTS J KRIEK M SCHEPEL M STREAM spatial tools for river J basins and environment and analysis of management options 4 KATZ B G CHELETTE A R PRATT T R Use of chemical and isotopic tracers to assess nitrate contamination and ground-water age Woodville Karst Plain USA J Journal of Hydrology M GB T S J J J N N J HARRIS M et al Multiple geochemical and isotope approaches for assessing groundwater NO - 3 elimination Ground Water J ODZIEMKOWSKI M S SIMPGRAGA R et al An in situ study of the effect of nitrate on the reduction of trichloroethylene by granular iron J Journal of Contaminant Hydrology DESIMONE L A HOWES B L Nitrogen transport and transformation in a shallow aquifer receiving wastewater discharge a mass balance approach J Water Resour Res References J BUDHENDRA B JON H BERNIE E et al Assessing watershedscale long-term hydrologic impacts of land-use change using a GIS- NPS model J Environ Manage NIKOLAIDIS N P HENG H SEMAGIN R et al Non-liner response of a mixed land use watershed to nitrogen loading J Agriculture Ecosystem and Environment setup and requirements J Physics and Chemistry of the Earth J J TOWNSEND M A YOUNG D P Assessment of nitrate-nitrogen J SIMMONS R C GOLD A J GROFFNAN P M Nitrate dynamics in distribution in Kansas groundwater J Natural riparian forests groundwater studies J Environ Qual Resources Research SWAT 28 GROFFNAN P M HOWARD G GOLD A J et al Microbial nitrate J processing in shallow groundwater in a riparian forest J Environ 8 Qual J J

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