5γ7.6; 5γ9.β1γ; 5γ9.βγ1; 5γ9.β6-27

Transcript

1 5γ7.6; 5γ9.β1γ; 5γ9.βγ1; 5γ9.β : -,

2 , β

3 γ Mn, Bi, Ni Mo MЧ BТ σт MШ, γ , MЧBТ MЧBТCЫ MЧBТ MЧCЫ, MЧBТCЫ 4.2. σтbт σтbта MШBТ FОBТMШ

4 FОPЭ FОBТPЭ , Al 5.1. AlCuCo AlNiCo , AХCЮFО

5 5 U M I A P d m S V r s H /

6 ,, -.,,, - -, (MnBi, FePt, NiBi) - (MnBiCr, NiBiW, FeBiMo). - ( ), / ( ) K/.,, - ( - (MnBi, NiBi);, - (MoBi); (MnBiCr, NiBiW, FeBiMo, FeBiPt)).. - -

7 , -, -, - ;,,. -,, - : «- -» (β01γ. 0111U001150), «, -, - -» (2014 : 011γU003043).. -, -. : - -,. -, , - AХ. 7

8 . -.., Mn, Bi, Ni, Mo; MnBi, MnCr, NiBi, MoBi, FePt; MnBiCr, NiBiW, FeBiMo, FeBiPt, - AХCЮCШ, AlCuFe, AlNiCo, ( ).,,. - ; - ; - Co- -., -.. -,, : 1. Mn. (V = K/ ) -Mn,, - 8

9 -Mn (V = K/ ), -Mn -Mn (V = K/ ). 2., - Bi β0 β00 -Bi,. - Bi 2 O 3,, з15 / σт -σт -σт,, β0. 4., MnBi - Bi 2 O 3 ( ~ 2-32 / ), - ( ~ / ) -MnBi. 5. -, -. - β-γ - β , - Bi, Mn Ni -., - -Bi -, - β0 β MnBi, -, - - 9

10 . - AlCuFe, AlCuCo, AlCoNi -..,, -. :, -, -, -,, -,,,., : III HighMatTech, (,,, γ 7, 2011); III " NANO", ( -,,, 19 22, 2012); XI ". ", (,,, β6 30, 2010); XII ". ", (,,, βγ 27, 2012); I International Conference Nanomaterials: Applications & Properties NAP (Alushta, Ukraine, 10

11 September, 27 30, 2011); II International Conference Nanomaterials: Applications & Properties NAP (Alushta, Ukraine, September, 17 22, 2012); III International Conference Nanomaterials: Applications & Properties NAP (Alushta, Ukraine, September, 16 21, 2013); VII : :,, - (,,, 24 28, 2012); VII ". " (,,, 9 13, 2013); IV - " :,,. " (,,, 19 22, 2013); International Young Scientists Forum on Applied Physics. YSF, (Dnipropetrovsk, Ukraine, September 29 October 2, 2015); БII - - " " (,,, 7 9, 2010); БIII - " " (,,, 1γ 15, 2011); БIV - " " (,,, 11 13, 2012); БV - - " - " (,,, 10 12, 2013); БVI - " " ( -,,, 9 11, 2014); БVII - - " " (,,, 8 11, 2015).. 24, ,, - (136). 135, - 122,

12 1 12,. -,. -, Д1Ж -, : (VPD); (ALD); - (HPPMS HIPIMS); (GLAD).., , -, -, - - Д2Ж.,

13 ( 10-β0 ),. - -.,,,..,,, -, -., -,, -. -,,,,.., -.,,,, - ДγЖ.,,, -,,., -, -.,

14 - Co, Ni- [1Ж., , - : - Д4]. (PVD),,, : (,, HPPMS, - UBM,,,, ) - (Arc-PVD) - -.,, :,, - 14

15 ,, -,, ,. - - Д5] J ph p 2 mkt 1/ 2, (1.1) 0 1; -,, m, k. ( ). - [6Ж. ( ), -,,.. -,. -, -.,.,.,, -,, -

16 ,, - Д7].,. - ( - )., -, :, -,,, -.,, -,, -., -. - : - ( -, TТ-Au, Ti-Pd-Au, Al, Al-Cu-Si, Cr-Au, Ti-AР), - (, AХ : CЮ (β%) Si), (, ГЧ, AХ). -,,. - (, AХ, AЮ ). -, - (, Al SiO 1,8 ). - - (, AХ ). 16

17 (, Cd ). (Arc-PVD).,, ( ), - Д8-11]. - Д12Ж, Д13Ж, Д14, 15Ж. - - [16, 17].,, -. -, -. -, [10, 18Ж.,. -,.., Д19Ж., TТ-AХ. : 17

18 - (TТσ, ГЫσ, TТC, Ti(C,N), (Ti,Al)N, CrN). - TiN Zr(CN)( ), ZrN ( ), TiC ( ), Ti(N,C) (,,.) , -., -. -, -,. - з 5 β0 [1]. 40, -., , -. -,. 18

19 ,,,, , Nb 3 Sn, Nb -,. -,,. -, - - ( - ). -, ( - ), : -,,, Д1Ж.. - (, TТ, CЫ, ГЫ ),,. - 19

20 (, CЫσ, CЫ 2 σ - ) β., - (, ), / -. - ( ) -. - [20,21Ж. : 1) ( - ),. 2). 3), -,, -. 4). 5),,,.

21 6) -, ( - ). 7), -. 8). : - (,, ) ( ) : -. -,

22 -. -,,. - -,. -. : - - -, Al, Mo, Mo/Au, Ta, Ta/Au, Ti, Ti/Au, Ti/Pd/Au, Ti/Pd/Cu/Au, Cr, Cr/Au, Cr/Pd/Au, Ni-Cr, W, W-Ti/Au, W/Au. -,, WSi 2, TaSi 2, MoSi 2, PtSi. -,, TiN, WTi. -,, Fe-Al-Si, Co-Nb- Zr, Co-Cr, Fe-Ni-Mo, Fe-Si, Co-Ni-Cr, Co-Ni-Si. - (, - ),, Cr, Al, Ag. - ( ),, MgO, TiO 2, ZrO 2. -,, InO 2, SnO 2, In-Sn-O. -,, Cr 2 O 3, RuO 2. -,, TiN (Ti-Al)N, Ti(C-N), CrN, Al 2 O 3, TiB 2. -,. Cr, Cr,. -,, TiC, TiN, ZrN, Ti(CN), (Ti- Al)N, Cr, Ni-Cr, CrN, HfN. 22

23 - [22, 23].,,, -...,, -. (ion plating) Д24-26]. -,.,, Д27-30].. (ЩХКЬЦК-ЛКЬОН ТШЧ ЩХКЭТЧР) -., -. (ЯКМЮЮЦ-based ion ЩХКЭТЧР) ( ) [31Ж (IШЧ BОКЦ AЬЬТЬЭОН DОЩШЬТЭТШЧ) Д32]. -, : ; - ; ;.., -.,. ( - / ) 1:10, 23

24 (>500 ) 10:1, (<10 ). -, -., з β , - (з 5 ) - Д33Ж,. Д34], -. : , (, -, ),. -,, (IBAD) [27,28]. : 24

25 -, , ,., -. - : -. - Ag, Ag Be [35,36]. -,, Al, Ag, Au -. -,, TiN, TiC x N y, Ti 0.5 Al 0.5 N [37Ж -,.. - (TiN, TiC x N y, Ti, ZrN ),,,,, Д38Ж. -,, Al U, [39Ж Ti;. -,, HfN TiN. -,, Al 2 O 3, SiO 2, ZrO 2. 25

26 - ( - ITO) [40]. - Д41]. Д42Ж. - - Д43,44]. (VКМЮЮЦ-BКЬОН IШЧ PХКЭТЧР) : -,, - (ZrO 2, TiO 2, ZnS), (SiO 2, MgF 2 ). - - (CuO, Cu 2 O) [45]. - - Д46].,. - ( ), , : 1) ; β) -

27 ; γ). ( ) -, Д47,48Ж. -, (, ) Д47-52Ж.,. -.,,,. - Д53,54Ж. -,,., -,.,,. -,. Д47,48,51,52,55-58Ж, , -. 27

28 -,,.. -, -,, -.,., γ.1 - : 1) ; β) - ; γ) ; 4) ; 5) - ; 6). - -,, ( )., -. (,..), -. -., -. -

29 ., ,, -,, Д59Ж. - -., γ.β., ( ) - (.) - Д60Ж., -,.,. -, - [61-63]. [61] -

30 -. Д64-66], -. Д64] - MnBi 540, - MnBi ( ) Д67, 68Ж. -,, -,.,,, - - ( ).. ( -, ). -,. Д69Ж - - -, Д70Ж, -, - Д71-73].

31 -. -, Д74] ,,,, -, - -,,. - :, -, ;, - ; - ;, - AХ.

32 2 32,, ,,, : Mn, Bi, Ni Mo; : MnBi, MnCr, CoBi, NiBi, MoBi FePt; - : MnBiCr, NiBiW, FeBiMo, FeBiPt : AlCuCo, AlCuFe, AlNiCo NaCl. 2.1., - -. Mn, Bi, Ni Mo, -. : 1) (Mn, Bi, Ni)., Mn,, -Mn, - -Mn, - Д75].

33 2) -., Mn - (Cu, Fe, Co, Ni - ) Д76], Mn -. 3) -., Mn Mn [77]. 4) (Bi) γ695 (W). Д78]. 5). - : (Bi); (Mo); (Ni) (Mn)., Д79-81],. -, - Bi-., : (NiBi); (MoBi); - (NiBiW, FeBiMo, FeBiPt). (Cr, Mo, W), -, (, MnBi) [65]. 33

34 -, AlCuCo, AlCuFe, AlNiCo. ( Д82Ж, Д83Ж Д84]). -, β [85] ,., -, -, -, -,, - (.β.1).

35 35. β.1 : ; ; ; ; ; + ; G ; h -. -,, γ00.,, /( 2 ). r. 1,γ. : U = β ; I = 0,8 5 ; P = 1,6 1β., - - β0 β , -

36 . - NaCl ( )., -, -,., NaCl,,, -. -,, / Д3] , Д86]. -, : ; ; ; ,. -, β.1: m S d, (2.1) d ; m ; S - ;

37 з , ( ) Co K - = 0,1790β, - Fe-. - U = β5 I = β0 γ 5. - AMCSD (American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database). - Wizard Photometr. - ( =0,154β ) ,, -, -

38 . - з1,γ , 4 10 β 4. -, ,5 18 / , -. β.γ. 38.β.γ - - : 1 ; β ; γ, ; ( ) - ; 5-10β, ; 6 ; 7-34; 8 - ; 10 ; 11-8; 12.

39 -., Д87Ж., -, ln(t/v), (, V ) F(1000/T). ( = 0 exp(-u/kt))., ln(t/v)= F(1000/T), , - β50 /, - Fe, - (. β.4).

40 40.β.4 -., 1, β, γ, 4 -, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10.,,,., -. -, : MЧ.% (β5, 41, 5β, 61) BТ., - (. β.5) 1700 β100 K, -

41 , 1γ5 з 7500 / Д48]. 41. β.5.. 1, β, γ, 4 - А Re-., - Д48; 88Ж. 5 β0, K/.

42 Mn, Bi, Ni Mo, -,, -.,.,,., -, , -. - ( ), (Ч i ), - (I A ), (U M ) (P) Д89Ж. (U ) -,..., I A, U M, P, (U ) Д89, 90]., - -, з100.

43 Д91Ж, 0,β-0,4., - [92Ж. - -, AЫ Д93Ж., β00 5γ 1γ Д94Ж. - AЫ. - зβ0, - Д94Ж. - - γ-5%,.. 6 Д89, 94Ж. -, -, / Д93Ж... - ( ). - MЧ, BТ, σт MШ, Mn -, - Д95].

44 K 1373 K -Mn ( a nm) -Mn ( a nm) 1373 K 1411 K -Mn (, a 0.γ86β ЧЦ) -MЧ (, a 0.γ081 ЧЦ) K -Mn ( = 0,891γ ); : γ70 -Mn ( = 0,6γ1β, ); 1γ Mn ( = 0,γ86β ); Mn ( = 0,γ081, ). - -, ( =0,γ78, =0,γ55 ). -,,, 980 1γ , Д96Ж MЧ ~ 15β0. MЧ, -,, -., MЧ - : MnO, MnO 2, Mn 2 O 3.. Mn, , - T N ~ 100 K [76Ж. -Mn -,, Д95Ж. - Mn -Mn -, Mn,, -. -Mn -

45 .,, -, 6β5 [76]. Mn, Д76Ж. 70,, 95, 900., 70 95, Mn, -,, :,, -. Mn, -., - - NaCl, з 160, ~ 1 - ~ 1β0. - ~ β0 [98]. γ.1 ( - ). 45.γ.1. MЧ

46 46, -Mn ( ) MnO 2, - ( ). Mn, ( ) -Mn - MnO 2 ( =0,44β; b=0,5βγ; =0,β87 ) (. γ.β )..γ.β. MЧ: ) MЧ ; ) MЧ 710, MnO 2 - з 808 Д97Ж. - ( ), -, -Mn -

47 L з 7,4. -Mn з 0,65, (0,6γ14 ), -, -., - з 7β0, - -Mn, MnO ( =0,4408 ) MnO 2 (. γ.β )., - MnO 2 ~ 700, (808 ). -Mn 7,4 10,5, -. -Mn ~ 0,647. Д76Ж, -. MЧ ( ) V = K/ - -Mn (a = 0.γ706 ), V = K/ -MЧ -Mn [98Ж. - MЧ, -., Mn - Д99], -, -., c - 47

48 ., > 10 7 K/ Mn,, - - -Mn ( = 0.γ706 )., MЧ -. ( = ) [100Ж,, (1γ7γ K), -. -MЧ з K 1, - -Mn (~ K 1 ) [101]. Mn -, γ.γ. ( - ). 48.γ.γ. MЧ: ) v 1 =0,075 / ; ) v 3 =0,3 /

49 , -, -, -.,, (.γ.γ ) (.γ.γ ),, -MЧ MnO,. - MnO , 5β0.,, Mn ~ , Mn ~ 1800 ~ 100. ( ) Mn ( ~ ), -. [102Ж, (1800 ) MnO 2 -Mn. - MnO 2, - MnO 2, -MЧ MnO. 49

50 Mn, -, -., - Mn, - -,, -. 6β0, (. γ.4 - ). 50.γ.4. - Mn: ) Mn ; ) Mn 6β Bi, Bi - Д103Ж. -,. - Bi. β,57 β98, - -

51 . 7,74 ( IЦγЦ К = 0,γ795 ). - β,γ 5,β ,.. Bi: BiO 1175, Bi 2 O 3 ( = 98γ ) Bi 2 O 5 ( ~ 4βγ ). -, -, - -Bi 2 O 3. -, - Bi- Д104Ж. 100β -, βγ 91β βγ-77γ. BiO Bi 2 O 3 45γ. Bi 2 O 3 9β7 98γ, -, - 11γγ. Bi,,. - Bi 570, Bi β0 - Bi, -. - Bi. Bi.,, -., Bi,,,, - Д103Ж. 51

52 Bi 2 O 3,. Bi, ~ Bi 2 O 3,,, Д104]. Bi, Bi 2 O 3, Bi, - (.γ.1) Bi 16 d, I A, A P Ar, U,,, Bi(1) , ,92 Bi(2) ,89 U ; I A ; P Ar - (AЫ); Н ; ; - -. γ.5..γ.5. Bi(2)

53 Bi(2), - Bi ( ) -Bi 2 O 3 ( )., Bi(1) - Bi ( = 0,47459, = 57,βγ7 ), L ~ 6,5, Bi ( = 0,γ795 ), -,,, - Bi 2 O 3 ( = 0,58486; b = 0,81661; = 0,75097 ). Bi(2) Bi (. γ.6 ), -,, -. - (16 ) Bi(1) - Bi. Bi = 0,4515 ( = 0,47459 ),. 750, - Bi (з544 ), - Bi. - Bi L з 8, - ( = 0,455β )... Bi(1) Bi(2) Bi -Bi 2 O 3 (. γ.6 ). 53

54 54.γ.6. Bi: ) Bi(1) ; ) Bi(2) ; ) Bi(2) 750 Bi(1) (. γ.7) u-.

55 55.γ.7. Bi(1), Bi; * Bi - - Bi,. - γ.8 -..γ.8. Bi(2): ) v 1 =0,075 / ; ) v 2 =0,15 / ; ) v 3 =0,3 /

56 ( ).,, 570-6β0,,. - Bi, -, -, v 3, ~ (. γ.8. )., v 1 Bi ( = 544 ). [89Ж,. -,, -. Bi -Bi 2 O 3, 98γ. з480 -, Bi -. з480 (. γ.8. - )., Д105Ж Bi,, Bi, Д103Ж. -,, -. γ.2 Bi Bi(2),, -. 56

57 Bi(1) Bi(2) v / Bi,,, 0, , , , , , γ.β, ,5 10 3, Mn, - Bi, Bi(1), Bi(2), -. Bi,,, - - (. γ.9 - )..γ.9. - Bi(2): ) ; ) ; ) 6β0 ; ) - 6β0

58 ,, з15 /. -Bi 2 O 3, - Д104Ж. з 6β0 -., (. γ.9 ). -, з8 / (. γ.9 ), Bi Ni Ni -. -Ni ( = 0,γ517 ),, Д103Ж, - 2 -Ni - ( = 0,β651 ; = 0,4γ4γ ), 47γ. -Ni 6γ1., -Ni. - NiO Ni 2 O 3., NiO : - -NiO ( = 0,β9549 ; = 0,7ββ8 ) ;, 5β5, ( = 0,41768 ) Д105]... Ni -

59 Ni,. Ni γ.3. γ.γ. Ni Ni 1 Ni 2 Ni 3 Ni 4 Ni 5 U, I, P Ar, К , Н, , ,6 5,6 8,1 4,4 7,7 U ; I A ; P Ar - (AЫ); Н ; ; Ni γ.10..γ.10. : ) Ni 1 ; ) Ni 5, Ni 1 - -Ni ( ) -Ni ( -

60 ) (.γ.10 ). -Ni - Ni (.γ.10 ). Ni 2-5, γ.5,, -, -Ni - -Ni (. γ.11 ). 60.γ.11. Ni: ) Ni 3 ; ) Ni 3 89γ ; ) Ni 1 ; ) Ni 1 91γ

61 , - Ni 1 -σт, - L з 5, -σт (L з 9 ) σтτ (. γ.11 ). σт 1 -,, - (з β0 ), - Ar (~ 1β0 ). Ni 1 з 91γ, - -Ni (47γ ), -Ni -Ni, -, Ni 2-5 (. γ.11, ). ( = 0,γ517 ). - - γ.4. γ.4. Ni Ni 1 Ni 2 Ni 3 Ni 4 Ni 5, L, L, , 0,356 0,36 0,358 0,362 0,364, 0,355 0,358 0,358 0,358 0,355 ; L, L - Ni;, σт -, γ.1β.

62 62.γ.1β. σт 2 : ) Я 1 =0,075 / ; ) Я 2 =0,15 / ; ) Я 3 =0,3 / з ,, Я 2, , - -Ni [ Ж. -. γ.1γ - σт 1, -, σт -Ni.

63 63.γ.1γ. σт 1, σт - з570, - (47γ ), -Ni -Ni [110Ж. з з 5 10., (E A ), σт E A зβ K (.γ.5).,, Д111]. γ.5. Ni Ni 1 Ni 2 Ni 3 Ni 4 Ni 5, , , ,5 17 γ.14 - σт.

64 64.γ Ni Ni -. -,., - з0.5 A/. σт σт., -,,, з 50 Д112Ж, Mo,, Mo ( = 0,γ14 ). - Mo β89γ.. 87γ, MoO 3 ( = 1,05γ1 ; = 1,4876 ). MoO 3

65 , [103]. -,. Mo - - γ.6. γ.6. Mo d, I A, A P Ar, U,, Mo Mo , U ; I A ; P Ar - (AЫ); Н ; -. 65, Mo 2, (16 ), Mo, Lзγ,6, Mo 3 (. γ.15 )..γ.15. Mo: ) Mo 1 ; ) Mo 2

66 , Mo 1, : Mo Mo 2 (Lзγ,4 ) Mo 3 (. γ.15 ). Mo з870 ( γ,6 γ,8 Mo). Mo 2 MoO 2, - MoO 3 [113]. -, Mo,, - - ~6γ0 (. γ.16). 66.γ.16. Mo: ) Mo 2 v=0,075 / ; ) Mo 2 v=0,3 / -.

67 - (E A ). Mo 1 MШ 2 E A ~6, з9, Mo Mo 1 з 6γ0 Mo 2 з 700., -,. γ.17 - Mo γ Mo 1 - Mo,,,. 3.5,, -., -

68 -.,, -, Д114Ж,. 6E d, (3.1) 1 3d 4d, ;, ; / ; ; d, d.,, - Д115Ж, a/a,, ( Ni a NaCl )/a NaCl. Ni NaCl - γ5,9 %. Д116Ж - : 2 E, (3.2), ;, -. -Mn - γ.7. γ.7. Mn, , ,92 18,67 20,84 22,5 24,08 24,91 22,1 68 Bi, -, [117] γ.8.

69 , γ.8. Bi , ,4 14, ,4 9,4 4, Bi γ 1β, Ni, - Ni [103]. (~99,98%) [118] - (. γ.9). γ.9. Ni, , ,2 18,6 15,9 16,7 17,25 18,95 Mo β98 γ7γ ~4,9 10-6, γ ~5, [103]. - (γ.γ-γ.4), γ.10. β9γ 157γ : t 4, t 0,9 10 t 9 (3.3); 1573 β5βγ : t 6, t 6 t 2 t 4, (3.4) t 2

70 γ.10. Mo, , ,1 5,5 6,2 7, Mn, Bi, Ni Mo γ NaCl ( =γ6, ) ( =-0, )..γ : ) Mn, Bi, Ni; ) Mo NaCl

71 ,., -, NaCl,,. - Bi, ~ 520,,..., Bi,, -, (~ 7,74 ), -, ( ~ 0,1 0,4 / 2 ), β0 β00, -. -, - Bi, -, -., Bi. Bi, 750,, - (~ 70 / ) (~ 50 / ), -. Ni -. Ni 1, (1β0 ), - ~ β0 ( ~ 0,1 / 2 ) -, (~ β00 ), 71

72 -Ni, 47γ.,,,,,., - [114] -, Bi Ni,. 72 3,, Mn, Bi, Ni Mo,,, : 1) Mn,, Mn -Mn Mn 2. -, - -Mn ( V = K/ ), -Mn - Mn ( V = K/ ). β), - Bi ( β0 β00 ) - Bi, Bi - -Bi 2 O 3. Bi - (~7,74 ). 4) Bi - з15 / -., -Bi 2 O 3,

73 ,. 5) - σт -σт -σт, ( ~20 ). 6) - Mo -., Mo MoO 2, (~16 ) - (~β00 ). 7), -Bi - ( ~ 0,1 0,4 / 2 ), β0 β00. 73

74 4 74, - - -,, -.,,, -,, -., -, -, -.,, -,,., - -., Mn, Bi, Ni Mo -, - -.

75 MnBi MnBiCr. 75 MЧBТ, - -MnBТ [65Ж... MЧ, MЧBТ -., -,.,. Cr, -., - Bi,,, Mn., Cr Mn. - Mn Cr Д109] MnBi. MnBi -, (. 4.1).

76 MnBi [119] Д119Ж 1β55 γ0 9γ % Mn. [120Ж, - Bi 2 Mn BiMn 2, -. MnBi - NiAs. - = 0,4γ41, = 0,5975, / = 1,γ76 = 0,4γγ, = 0,596, / = 1,γ76. - : = 0,4β87, = 0,6118, / = 1,4β7. з 6γγ. MЧBТ ( %): MЧ 59 Bi 41 ; Mn 56 Bi 44 ; Mn 49 Bi 51 ; Mn 42 Bi MЧ 49 Bi 51 -, γ

77 , (.%) MnBi d, I A, A P Ar, U,, Mn 59 Bi , Mn 56 Bi Mn 49 Bi 51 1 Mn 49 Bi , Mn 42 Bi , U ; I A ; P Ar - (AЫ); Н ; -., 4.2 ( - - ; - - ), Bi - Bi 2 3 ( ), MnO 2 ( ) MЧBi: ) MЧ 49 Bi 51 1 ; ) MЧ 59 Bi 41 ; ) MЧ 42 Bi 58 ; ) Mn 56 Bi 44

78 , - BТ ( = 0,45γγ ) Bi 2 3 ( = 0,58486; b = 0,81661; c = 0,75097 ) MnO 2 - ( = 0,9β7γ4; b = 0,28638; c = 0,45β19 ) (. 4.γ ) γ. MЧ 49 Bi 51 1 : ) ; ) 96γ з 94γ BТ ,. Mn 49 Bi 51,,,,., Bi BТ (MЧ 49 Bi 2 51 MЧ 42 Bi 58 ) ( 4.β).

79 4.β. Bi,, (.%) L,, L,, Mn 59 Bi 41 6,9 0, ,453 Mn 56 Bi 44 6,7 0, ,458 1 Mn 49 Bi 51 6,5 0, ,453 2 Mn 49 Bi 51 9,5 0, ,456 Mn 42 Bi 58 9,5 0, ,452,, L. 79 з γ60, β00 (MЧ 59 Bi 41 MЧ 49 Bi 1 51 ) - BТ (0,45γγ )., MЧ 56 Bi 44 Mn 42 Bi 58 (0,46β ) (0,4γβ ). (5γ ) MЧ 49 Bi 2 51,, (0,458 ),, - з v 1,2,3. (. 4.4).

80 MЧ 49 Bi 51 1 : ) v 1 =0,075 / ; ) Я 3 =0,γ / MЧ 49 Bi 1 51 β95 5γ0, γ Bi. з Bi Bi 2 O 3., з 490, - Bi, - Bi,, Bi 2 O 3 MnO 2.

81 - (E A ). - MЧBТ E A ~ ,,,, MЧ BТ Д104, ]. -, MЧBТ. -. β /. 7β0 γβ / (. 4.5). 81 1,2 1 0,8 B/Bs 0,6 0,4 0, H, ka/m.4.5. MЧ 49 Bi , - -MnBi -., -Bi 2 O 3,

82 Bi.,,, -, -Bi 2 O 3 Bi Bi 2 O 3., Mn (Mn 59 Bi 41 Mn 56 Bi 44 ) (<0,5 / ). ( )., Bi β5 5β.%, з 100 K/, : Bi -Mn., - -MnBi. - -., - -MnBi: β5 40.% B -Mn, Mn 61.%Bi Bi. Mn 52.%Bi,,, -MnBi - Mn Bi. -MnBi -, 10 6 K/ K Д48Ж. (з 10 7 K/ ),,,,, - MnBi. 82

83 Mn Bi, -MnBi NiAs a = 0,450 c = 0,581. L, - Д106Ж, з MnBi Д1β5, 1β6Ж., Д1β6Ж, Mn 50.% Bi 673 K -MnBi: 0,4β6 0,4γγ 0,608 0,584 -MnBi K/ -MnBi,, = 0,450, = 0,581. -, K,, - Д1β5Ж. Mn Bi - з 19βγ K. - T c,, Mn, Bi -MnBi., Bi -, -MnBi Д1β7Ж. H c з 50:50 88 β70 A/ Д1β7Ж, -, 19βγ 83

84 K, A/ Bi, Mn 5β.% Bi (. 4.6) Mn 52.% Bi (10 A/ ) B β5 61.%. H c - Mn 5β.% Bi (β50 A/ ), Д1β5Ж, K -MnBi 5 10., - Mn 5β.% Bi : -MnBi - Bi. ( - ) -, - - -MnBi MnCr, -., -, -., Mn -

85 ,., - (Cr) Mn. - Ы Ч 2 -CrMn 3, Ч: ( Ч), ( Ч), ( Ч) ( Ч).. : ' - ". з870. :, - ' ". ' " з1070., ( / ) Ч., - 4.γ. 4.γ. MnCr d, I A, A P Ar, U,, Mn 93 Cr Mn 90 Cr Mn 86 Cr U ; I A ; P Ar - (Ar); d ; -. 85, MЧCЫ - -MЧ ( = 0,6γ15 ), - L=7,5, Cr ( = 0,β7ββ; = 0,44β7 ) - MnO 2 (a = 0,92734; b = 0,β86γ8; = 0,45β19 ).

86 з77γ - MnO (. 4.7) MЧ 93 Cr 7 : ) - ; ) 85γ - MЧ, MЧ 93 Cr 7, = β0 ( = 0,6γ54 = 0,6γ15 )., = 100 ( = 0,6γ59 ), Д128, 108Ж. - -MЧ ( = 0,6γ15 ).

87 4.8 MЧCЫ MЧ 86 Cr 14 : ) v 1 =0,15 / ; ) Я 2 =0,γ / з6β0. -, MnO 2 MnO [129]. v 1 = 0,075 / v 3 = 0,γ /, (E ). MЧ 93 Cr 7, ( зβ0 ),, - MЧ 90 Cr 10 MЧ 86 Cr 14 ( з100 ), Д130] (. 4.4).

88 MnCr Mn 93 Cr 7 Mn 90 Cr 10 Mn 86 Cr 14 v /,,, , , , , , , , , , ,5 4,6 4, MnBiCr.,,, Cr. MnBiCr, MnBiCr d, I A, A P Ar, U,, Mn 68 Bi 25 Cr Mn 63 Bi 15 Cr Mn 46 Bi 17 Cr U ; I A ; P Ar - (AЫ); Н ; -.

89 - ( ) -, MnBiCr Bi L з 10,5, -Mn, Cr ( = 0,β871 ) -Bi 2 O 3 ( = 0,56549 ) (. 4.9 ) MЧBiCr: ) Mn 63 Bi 15 Cr 22 ; ) Mn 63 Bi 15 Cr 22 71γ., - Bi ; -Mn; Cr - ; Bi 2 O 3, Bi -, 0,448 = 0,4546. з71γ - Bi,, Cr. - Bi 0,448, 0,466

90 . - Bi.,, - Cr,, MnO, -,, Mn [112]. MnBiCr 4.10 ( - ) Mn 68 Bi 25 Cr 7 : ) v 1 =0,075 / ; ) v 2 =0,15 / ; ) v 3 =0,γ / ; ) -

91 91 560, - ( ). -, , -,, - Bi,. -, -. - Bi. - з.440, Bi., MnBiCr Bi - (440 ) Bi (480 ) - MnBi (490 ). Д131] ,,,, -,,.,, - 0, , [130]. - -.,, H c з16 /, MnBi зβ /.,,

92 MnBi, H c γβ /, -, - (. 4.11) MnBiCr: ) - ; ) 6β NiBi NiBiW -, Ni Bi - Bi 3 Ni (8,55 % Ni) BiNi (21,92 % Ni), Д119Ж. - Bi 3 Ni,. BiNi ( - ), - NiAs,. Bi 3 Ni Bi Bi. Bi Ni 1,5 %, Bi - Ni Bi 0 75 %.

93 , - W, -. з γ = 0,γ17. - W [109Ж -,, -W. NiBТ NiBiW - ( %): Ni 51 %BТ; Ni 47 %Bi 8 %W; Ni 45 %Bi 8 %W; Ni 47 %Bi 10 %W NiBТ NiBiW d, I A, A P Ar, U,, Ni 49 Bi Ni 45 Bi 47 W Ni 47 Bi 45 W Ni 43 Bi 47 W , U ; I A ; P Ar - (AЫ); Н ; : ) Ni 47 Bi 45 W 8 ; ) σт 43 Bi 47 W 10

94 94 Ni NiBi ( ), - BТ ( ). (L) ( ) -, - σтbт Ni ( = 0,γ595 ), BТ, - Bi 2 O 3 ( = 1,008 ) ( ). 75γ - Ni 6,β 6,5 NiO ( = 0,4β01 ) ( ) Ni 49 Bi 51 : ) ; ) σтbта : - BТ, -Ni ( = 0,γ595 ), W ( = 0,γβ1γ ) -Bi 2 O 3. з77γ

95 σт γ,γ 8,γ, WO 2 ( = 0,486; = 0,β77 ), BТσТ ( = 0,408; = 0,5γ65 ) ( ) Ni 45 Bi 47 W 8 : ) - ; ). - Bi; Ni; Bi 2 O 3 ; W; WO 2 ; * NiBi NiBi. Ni 49 Bi 51 ( 570 ). -, , -

96 , Bi Ni cub NiO [121Ж. 870 NiBi -, - (. 4.15) Ni 49 Bi 51 : ) v 1 =0,15 / ; ) Я 2 =0,γ / BiNiW ~ 800,., BiNiW, -,, - Bi, Bi- ( Bi, MnBi, MnBiCr).

97 Ni 45 Bi 47 W 8 : ) Я 1 =0,075 / ; ) Я 2 =0,15 / ; ) Я 3 =0,γ / -, - (E A ). NiBi - (1450 ). NiBiW. -, β00 - ( 4.7).

98 NiBi NiBiW Ni 49 Bi 51 Ni 45 Bi 47 W 8 Ni 47 Bi 45 W 8 Ni 43 Bi 47 W 10 v /,,, , , , , , , , , , , , , ,3 6,8 7,2 12,5 NiBi NiBiW -, MoBi FeBiMo - ( ) -, -. Bi, Mo. Mo Bi, -. Mo Bi з0,0γ % 1β8γ з0,00γ % 97γ. -

99 , 1γ0γ Mo Bi з0,0001 % ( ) Mo [119Ж..,,. -,., -. Bi 2 O 3 - Fe 2 O ,, - Mo 50 %Bi Fe 18 %Bi 18 %Mo - (. 4.8) MoBi FeBiMo d, I A, A P Ar, U,, Mo 50 Bi Fe 64 Bi 18 Mo U ; I A ; P Ar - (AЫ); Н ; MoBi,, - Bi, Mo ( =

100 0,γ147γ ) : MoO 3 ( = 0,γ9β; b = 1,394; = 0,γ66 ); -Bi 2 O 3 (.4.17 ) MoBi: ) - ; ) 770 з 770, - Bi, Mo cub MoO 3. - Bi (L ~ 6,2-6,5 ). FeBiMo Bi (Lз5,6 ), Fe ( = 0,γ485 ), Mo MoO 3. Bi L~7. FeO - ( = 0,β955 ) -Bi 2 O 3,, (.4.18).

101 Fe 64 Bi 18 Mo 18 : ) - ; ) Bi; Fe; Mo; FeO; Bi 2 O 3 ; MoO 3 -, - : ( ~550 ) - ; Mo cub MoO 3 Bi - ~ ; з800 (. 4.19, 4.20).

102 MoBi: ) v 1 =0,075 / ; ) v 2 =0,γ / FeBiMo: ) v 1 =0,075 / ; ) v 2 =0,15 /

103 , BiMo FeBiMo Bi Bi- з γ Bi.,, Bi -Bi 2 O 3, Mo. [132, 120]. - - (E A ) (. 4.9) MoBi FeBiMo 103 v /,,, 10 3 Mo 50 Bi 50 Fe 64 Bi 18 Mo 18 0, , , , , , ,7 11 MoBi -, -,, [132Ж., Bi Mo, - FeBiMo. MoBi -,,. - FeBiMo 770, -

104 Fe. - H c з16 /. (. 4.21) FeBiMo 77γ FeBiPt 4.4. FePt -. FО, -. - FОPЭ, -, - BТ. FePt (.%):, FО 89 Pt 11 ; Fe 79 Pt 21 ; Fe 69 Pt 31 ; Fe 61 Pt 39 ; Pt 71 Fe 29 ; Pt 81 Fe 19 ; Pt 89 Fe 11.

105 FО-Pt, (.%) Fe 89 Pt 11 β,5 81γ FОPЭ ( =0,γ7β ) -1 (L=3,4 ) 87γ FОPЭ ( =0,γ7β ) FОPЭ 89γ FОPЭ ( =0,γ7β ) ( =0.γ7β ) 90γ FОPЭ ( =0,γ7β ) -1 (L=1,2 ) 1-1 (L=2,5 )+ - FО ( =0,γ55 ) 90γ FОPЭ ( =0,γ76 ) 90γ FОPЭ ( =0,γ76 ) 5βγ FОPЭ ( =0,γ81 ) Fe 79 Pt 21-1 (L=3,6 ) 68γ FОPЭ ( =0,γ81 ) 4 + -Fe 75γ FОPЭ ( =0,γ77 ) ( =0,γ55 ) 90γ FОPЭ ( =0,γ76 ) β,5 FОPЭ ( =0.γ79 ) 90γ FОPЭ ( =0,γ76 ) Fe 69 Pt 31 β,5-1 (L=3,97 ) + -2 (L=2,07 ) 90γ FОPЭ ( =0,γ79 ) Fe 29 Pt 71 4 PЭ ( =0,γ9β ) 90γ PЭ ( =0,γ9β ) : -1 FОPЭ, -2 -Fe; L. 105 FО 89 Pt 11 зγ,4. - ( ) з90γ

106 FОPЭ К = 0,γ7β. - β -. 81γ - FОPЭ = 0,γ7β. - 85γ, -. 89γ, - FОPЭ ( = 0,γ7β ).,. FО 79 Pt 21, - FО 89 Pt 11, - зγ,6.,. - - (8 ), /. FО 79 Pt 21, ( ) 5βγ, FОPЭ - К = 0,γ81. 85γ = 0,γ77, 90γ FОPЭ = 0,γ76. FО 69 Pt 31 : -1 L = 1,9γ, -β L = 1,9. -1 FОPЭ, - -β -FО. - з70% -1, зγ0% -β. 90γ FОPЭ = 0,γ79. - ( ), L -1 = γ,97, L -2 = β,07, 106

107 - 60% -1, 40% -β., -1 [133]. FО 79 Pt β -,. - FО 79 Pt 21 - FО, = 0,γ55 ( = 0,γ56 ). - FОPЭ = 0,γ79. FО 29 Pt 71,. 4.ββ, -, - PЭ. 107 ) ) Fe 29 Pt 71 : ) ; ) - FО 19 Pt 81 PЭ (. 4.23). -, - -.

108 108 ) ) Pt 81 Fe 19 : ) - ; ) (, ) -. ( ), - (5-15) FО 89 Pt 11 -,, β9γ 760 (. 4.β4).

109 : ) Fe 79 Pt 21 ; ) FО 11 Pt , γ β9γ. - FО PЭ ,,.

110 Fe 89 Pt 11 Fe 79 Pt 21 Fe 69 Pt 31 FО Pt , / r, s, Н,, / 3 m, (..) (..). 5 0,52 1,39 72, , ,28 0,54 52,6. 6 0,39 1,17 109,4 425,4 10, ,32 1,48 71,3. 0,8 2,54 3,52 35,7 321,8 12,09.. 1,8 1,22 1,48 75,2 Fe.. 1,0 4,1 5, ,86 39,6, / r, s, Н,, / 3 m, (..) (..) Fe 69 Pt ,78 0,99 321,8 12,09 75,2 Fe ,8 4,8 80 7,86 39,6 FeBiPt - Fe 71 Pt 20 Bi 9 Fe 64 Pt 20 Bi 16, d= , - - Д134].,, Bi, Pt - ( = 0,γ878 ), FeO 2 ( = 0,4605; b = 0,9959; =0,γ0βγ ) FePt - ( = 0,β7β4; =0,γ7β ). 77γ Fe 3 O 4 ( = 0,8γ97 ) (. 4.β5 ). -, FePt (Lз4,1 ).

111 Fe 20 Bi 71 Pt 9 : ) ; ) 77γ. - Bi; Pt; * FePt; FeO 2 ; Fe 3 O 4 Fe 20 Bi 71 Pt Fe 20 Bi 71 Pt 9 : ) Я 1 =0,075 / ; ) Я 2 =0,γ /

112 112 FePt, -, Bi (. 4.β6 )., - Bi, ,.,, - Bi, з 4β0 ( ~ ). Bi Bi, Bi-, 4.β6. 4,, - : MnBi; MnCr; NiBi; MoBi; FePt, : MnBiCr; NiBiW; FeBiMo; FeBiPt., : 1) -, (Cr, W, Mo) -. - β-γ - β ), MnBi -MnBi, - ( ~ / ), - Bi 2 O 3 ( ~ 2-32 / ). 3) - MnBi ( )

113 , - -MnBi. 4), FePt ~15 /. FeBiPt Bi - FePt, β5 /. 5) BiMo FeBiMo - Bi - Bi- ~ Bi. -,, - Bi -Bi 2 O 3, Mo. 113

114 5 114, - Al : - -,,,,, - Д135Ж.,,, -. AХ-Cu-Fe, Al-Co-Cu, Al- Co-Ni. -, Д61].,, -,, - [87]. AХ 60 Cu 28 Fe 12, Al 67 Cu 20 Fe 13, Al 66 Cu 18 Co 16, Al 69 Ni 15 Co 16, AlCuCo AlNiCo AХ-Cu-CШ Al-Ni-Co D-,.,

115 D-,, -., -,.. D-, -, AХCЮCШ AlNiCo I A, A P Ar, U,, Al 66 Cu 18 Co Al 69 Ni 15 Co U ; I A ; P Ar - (AЫ); (L) ( ) -, , - D-, - ( ).

116 : ) AХCЮCШ - ; ) AХCЮCШ 9β0 K; ) AХσТCШ - ; ) AХσТCШ 9β0 K. : * AХCЮCШ, AlNiCШ, AХ.

117 - зγ 6., AХ ( =0,40494 ). -,. -,, -. 5.β - AХ-Co-CЮ β. AХ-Co-CЮ: ) v 1 =0,075 / ; ) Я 2 =0,15 / ; ) Я 3 =0,γ /

118 , AХ-Co-CЮ β90 6β0 K -., -. 6β0 7β0 K -,, -. -, з Al-Co-σТ K (. 5.γ). - ~ γ. AХ-Co-σТ: ) v 1 =0,075 / ; ) Я 2 =0,15 /

119 5.2., AlCuFe AlCuFe : AХ 60 Cu 28 Fe 12, Al 67 Cu 20 Fe 13, AХ 60 Cu 28 Fe 12 AlCuFe, : - AХ 65 Cu 20 Fe 15 FО 3 AХ. - ( ) -, зγ β0 K β. - - AХ-Cu-FО : - ( ), R S = / [136Ж. - -.

120 5 120,, Al 66 Cu 18 Co 16, Al 69 Ni 15 Co 16, Al 67 Cu 20 Fe 13 Al 60 Cu 28 Fe 12. -, : 1), AХ 66 Cu 18 Co 16 Al 69 Ni 15 Co 16 -,,,, ( ). 2), Al 66 Cu 18 Co 16 Al 69 Ni 15 Co 16 -, -., -. Al 66 Cu 18 Co 16 Al 69 Ni 15 Co ), AlCuFe, -, AlCuCo AlNiCo,, /, - -.

121 121 1), - -Mn,, - -Mn -., - -Mn -Mn. 2), Bi ~β0 ~β00 - -Bi -., -, з15 / -Bi 2 O 3,. 3) - σт -σт -σт., -Ni, - ~β0 -. 4), MnBi, NiBi FeBi β-γ Cr, W Mo, ~β0 ~100. 5), - MnBi - Bi 2 O 3 ( ~ 2-32 / ), - -MnBi ( ~ / ) MnBi

122 Bi, -MnBi. 6) - Bi, Mn Ni -., -Bi - 0,1 0,4 / 2, - ~β0 ~β00. 7), AlCuFe, / -,

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