Citation Formulas Introducing OT Quotations in the NT Rodney J. Decker, ThD. Professor of NT, Baptist Bible Seminary 2008 (first draft)

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1 Citatin Frmulas Intrducing OT Qutatins in the NT Rdney J. Decker, ThD. Prfessr f NT, Baptist Bible Seminary 2008 (first draft) The fllwing material cmpiles and supplements material frm several majr studies. 1 At this pint it is mstly a simple listing, but even that has its usefulness. I have arranged the varius frmulas in several large grups, and within that there is usually sme semblance f rder r relatinship. Many culd be included in mre than ne categry. There are a few set frmulas that ccur very frequently (καθὼς γέγραπται and γέγραπται γάρ), as well as a great many that are used nly a few times and even mre that ccur nly nce. (These infrequent uses are prbably nt frmulas per se.) There are ther typical patterns, hwever, and they are reflected in sme f the grupings belw (use f γέγραπται, γεγραμμένον, εἶπεν, etc.). In the initial frm f this list (2008) there were 115 frmulas listed cvering apprximately 165 passages. (A few are listed twice, but I have tried t keep duplicate listings t an abslute minimum.) Since sme lists f OT qutatins include 300 r 400 texts, this list represents nly abut half the available data, but it is a start. I will be grateful fr any crrectins*, additins, r cmments. [*I have silently crrected typs in the lists gleaned frm Ellis, Metzger and Fitzmyer but may well have intrduced my wn cllectin f the same!] The listing is rganized as fllws: 1. Frmulas Using a Frm f γράφω 1.1. γέγραπται 1.2. γράφω, perfect participle frms 2. References t Scripture (γραφή) r Similar Designatins 3. Frmulas Using a Verb f Speaking 3.1. λέγω/εἶπον 3.2. Isaiah says 3.3. David says 3.4. Mses said (& related phrases) 3.5. [Other prphets] say 3.6. Other verbs f speaking, cmmunicatin, etc. 4. Terse Frmulas and Elliptical Statements 5. N Frmula r N Qute 1 E. Earle Ellis, Paul s Use f the Old Testament (Edinburgh: Oliver and Byd, 1957), 22 25, 48 49; Bruce Metzger, The Frmulas Intrducing Qutatins f Scripture in the New Testament and the Mishnah, in Histrical and Literary Studies, NT Tls and Studies 8 (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1968), (a slightly revised versin f the article that riginally appeared in JBL 70 [1951]: ); and Jseph Fitzmyer, The Use f Explicit Old Testament Qutatins in Qumran Literature and in the New Testament, NTS 7 [ ]: I have verified all these references and added a number f thers, typically frm Accrdance searches n similar patterns.

2 2 1. Frmulas Using a Frm f γράφω 1.1. γέγραπται 2 καθὼς γέγραπται (Acts 15:15; Rm 1:17; 2:24 (appended); 3:4, 10; 4:17; 8:36; 9:13, 33; 10:15; 11:8, 26; 15:3, 9, 21; 1 Cr 1:31; 2:9; 2 Cr 8:15; 9:9; see als LXX, 2 Kgs 14:6) 3 γέγραπται γάρ (Matt 4:6, 10; 26:31; Luke 4:10; Acts 1:20; 23:5; Rm 12:19; 14:11; 1 Cr 1:19; 3:19; Gal 3:10; 4:27); οὕτως γὰρ γέγραπται (Matt 2:5) οὕτως καὶ γέγραπται (1 Cr 15:45) γέγραπται alne (Matt 4:4; 21:13; Luke 4:4, 8; 19:46) καθὼς γέγραπται ἐν νόμῳ κυρίου ὅτι (Luke 2:23) καθὼς γέγραπται ἐν βίβλῳ τῶν προφητῶν (Acts 7:42) καθὼς γέγραπται ἐν τῷ Ἠσαΐᾳ τῷ προφήτῃ (Mark 1:2) ὡς καὶ ἐν τῷ ψαλμῷ γέγραπται τῷ δευτέρῳ (Acts 13:33) ὡς γέγραπται (Mark 7:6) ὡς γέγραπται ἐν βίβλῳ λόγων Ἠσαΐου τοῦ προφήτου (Luke 3:4) ἐν γὰρ τῷ Μωϋσέως νόμῳ γέγραπται (1 Cr 9:9) ἐν τῷ νόμῳ γέγραπται ὅτι (1 Cr 14:21) οὗτός ἐστιν περὶ οὗ γέγραπται (Matt 11:10; Luke 7:27) ὥσπερ γέγραπται (1 Cr 10:7) ὅτι γέγραπται (Mark 14:27; Gal 3:13) διότι γέγραπται ὅτι (1 Pet 1:16) πάλιν γέγραπται (Matt 4:7) ἐν κεφαλίδι βιβλίου γέγραπται περὶ ἐμοῦ (Heb 10:7) οὐ γέγραπται ὅτι ; (Mark 11:17, rhetrical questin) ἐν τῷ νόμῳ τί γέγραπται; πῶς ἀναγινώσκεις; (Luke 10:26, the answer cites OT) 2 Nt all uses f γέγραπται are direct OT qutatins; smetimes there is an indirect reference r a summary (Mark 9:13; 14:21; Luke 24:46; Jhn 8:17; Gal 4:22); smetimes a questin regarding what the OT says (Mark 9:12; Luke 10:26); and sme instances f γέγραπται are nt even related t the OT (Jhn 20:31; 1 Cr 4:6; Rev 13:8; 17:8). 3 1 Cr 2:9 has the frmula (ἀλλὰ καθὼς γέγραπται), but nt a direct qute fllwing; perhaps a paraphrase and adaptatin using sme f the wrds f Isa 64:4?

3 3 ὁ λόγος ὁ ἐν τῷ νόμῳ αὐτῶν γεγραμμένος ὅτι (Jhn 15:25) 1.2. γράφω, perfect participle frms κατὰ τὸ γεγραμμένον (2 Cr 4:13) καθώς ἐστιν γεγραμμένον (Jhn 6:31; 12:14) οὐκ ἔστιν γεγραμμένον ἐν τῷ νόμῳ ὑμῶν ὅτι (Jhn 10:34) ἔστιν γεγραμμένον ἐν τοῖς προφήταις (Jhn 6:45) τότε γενήσεται ὁ λόγος ὁ γεγραμμένος (1 Cr 15:54) τὸν τόπον οὗ ἦν γεγραμμένον (Luke 4:17) τί ἐστιν τὸ γεγραμμένον τοῦτο (Luke 20:17) 2. References t Scripture (γραφή) r Similar Designatins κατὰ τὴν γραφήν (Jas 2:8) διότι περιέχει ἐν γραφῇ (1 Pet 2:6) ἵνα ἡ γραφὴ πληρωθῇ (Jhn 13:18) οὐδὲ τὴν γραφὴν ταύτην ἀνέγνωτε (Mark 12:10) οὐδέποτε ἀνέγνωτε ἐν ταῖς γραφαῖς (Matt 21:42) ὁ λόγος ἐστὶν ἀληθινὸς ὅτι (Jhn 4:37) ἐπαγγελίας γὰρ ὁ λόγος οὗτος (Rm 9:9) 3. Frmulas Using a Verb f Speaking 3.1. λέγω/εἶπον 4 καθὼς εἴρηκεν (Heb 4:3) καθὼς εἶπεν ἡ γραφή (Jhn 7:38) καθὼς εἶπεν ὁ θεὸς ὅτι (2 Cr 7:16) ὁ θεὸς εἶπεν (Acts 7:7) 4 General summary statements f OT cntent als ccur: e.g., Mark 12:19; Luke 20:28; Acts 3:21. There are als similar frmulas withut OT qutes fllwing; e.g., Eph 5:14 (διὸ λέγει); Jude 14 (citing Ench). Smetimes cited in this regard is Jas 4:5 (ἡ γραφὴ λέγει), but the issue there is punctuatin and translatin (I suggest: Or d yu think Scripture speaks withut reasn? The spirit ). In 1 Tim 5:18 the citatin frmula (λέγει γὰρ ἡ γραφή) intrduces a NT qutatin f Jesus (Luke 10:7).

4 4 ὁ γὰρ θεὸς εἶπεν (Matt 15:4) ἐλάλησεν δὲ οὕτως ὁ θεὸς ὅτι (Acts 7:6) καθὼς λέγει τὸ πνεῦμα τὸ ἅγιον (Heb 3:7) λέγει γὰρ ἡ γραφὴ τῷ Φαραὼ ὅτι (Rm 9:17) τί γὰρ ἡ γραφὴ λέγει; (Rm 4:3) ἀλλὰ τί λέγει ἡ γραφή; (Gal 4:30) λέγει γὰρ ἡ γραφή (Rm 10:11) ἢ οὐκ οἴδατε ἐν Ἠλίᾳ τί λέγει ἡ γραφή; (Rm 11:2) καὶ πάλιν ἑτέρα γραφὴ λέγει (Jhn 19:37) ὁ νόμος ἔλεγεν (Rm 7:7) καθὼς ὁ προφήτης λέγει (Acts 7:48) τὸ εἰρημένον ἐν τοῖς προφήταις (Acts 13:40) ἡ δὲ ἐκ πίστεως δικαιοσύνη οὕτως λέγει (Rm 10:6) καθὼς καὶ ἐν ἑτέρῳ λέγει (Heb 5:6) καὶ εἶπεν πρὸς αὐτόν (Acts 7:3) τῷ Μωϋσεῖ γὰρ λέγει (Rm 9:15) διὸ λέγει (Jas 4:6) καὶ πάλιν λέγει (Rm 15:10, appends a secnd qute t v 9, καθὼς γέγραπται) κατὰ τὸ εἰρημένον (Rm 4:18) κατὰ τὸ εἰρημένον ἐν τῷ νόμῳ κυρίου (Luke 2:24) τοῦτό ἐστιν τὸ εἰρημένον διὰ τοῦ προφήτου Ἰωήλ (Acts 2:16) ὡς καὶ ἐν τῷ Ὡσηὲ λέγει (Rm 9:25) οὐκ ἀνέγνωτε ἐν τῇ βίβλῳ Μωϋσέως ἐπὶ τοῦ βάτου πῶς εἶπεν αὐτῷ ὁ θεὸς λέγων ; (Mark 12:26; cf. Luke 20:37, Μωϋσῆς ἐμήνυσεν ἐπὶ τῆς βάτου) οὐκ ἀνέγνωτε τὸ ῥηθὲν ὑμῖν ὑπὸ τοῦ θεοῦ λέγοντος ; (Matt 22:31) τί λέγει αὐτῷ ὁ χρηματισμός; (Rm 11:4) εἴρηκεν γάρ που οὕτως (Heb 4:4) ἐν τῷ λέγεσθαι (Heb 3:15) εἴρηται (perf f λέγω/εἶπον, used alne; Luke 4:12) ἐρρέθη (perf f λέγω/εἶπον, used alne; Matt 5:27)

5 Isaiah says τὸ ῥηθὲν διὰ Ἠσαΐου τοῦ προφήτου λέγοντος (Matt 4:14; 8:17; 12:17) οὗτος γάρ ἐστιν ὁ ῥηθεὶς διὰ Ἠσαΐου τοῦ προφήτου λέγοντος (Matt 3:3) τὸ πνεῦμα τὸ ἅγιον ἐλάλησεν διὰ Ἠσαΐου τοῦ προφήτου λέγων (Acts 28:25 26) καθὼς εἶπεν Ἠσαΐας ὁ προφήτης (Jhn 1:23, fllwing the qute) ὁ λόγος Ἠσαΐου τοῦ προφήτου ὃν εἶπεν (Jhn 12:38) πάλιν εἶπεν Ἠσαΐας (Jhn 12:39) Ἠσαΐας δὲ κράζει (Rm 9:27) Ἠσαΐας γὰρ λέγει (Rm 10:16) Ἠσαΐας δὲ ἀποτολμᾷ καὶ λέγει πρὸς δὲ τὸν Ἰσραὴλ λέγει (Rm 10:20 21) καὶ πάλιν Ἠσαΐας λέγει (Rm 15:12) ὅτι πάλιν εἶπεν Ἠσαΐας (Jhn 12:39) καθὼς προείρηκεν Ἠσαΐας (Rm 9:29) ἡ προφητεία Ἠσαΐου ἡ λέγουσα (Matt 13:14) ἐπροφήτευσεν περὶ ὑμῶν Ἠσαΐας λέγων (Matt 15:7) 3.3. David says αὐτὸς γὰρ αυὶδ λέγει ἐν βίβλῳ ψαλμῶν (Luke 20:42) αὐτὸς αυὶδ εἶπεν ἐν τῷ πνεύματι τῷ ἁγίῳ (Mark 12:36) τὴν γραφὴν ἣν προεῖπεν τὸ πνεῦμα τὸ ἅγιον διὰ στόματος αυίδ Γέγραπται γὰρ ἐν βίβλῳ ψαλμῶν καί (Acts 1:16, 20, lng parenthetical statement befre tw qutes cnnected with καί) αυὶδ γὰρ λέγει εἰς αὐτόν (Acts 2:25) γὰρ αυὶδ λέγει δὲ αὐτός (Acts 2:34) ὁ τοῦ πατρὸς ἡμῶν διὰ πνεύματος ἁγίου στόματος αυὶδ παιδός σου εἰπών (Acts 4:25) καὶ αυὶδ λέγει (Rm 11:9) ἐν αυὶδ λέγων (Heb 4:7) 3.4. Mses said (& related phrases) Μωϋσῆς εἶπεν (Matt 22:24; Heb 12:21) Μωϋσῆς γὰρ εἶπεν (Mark 7:10)

6 6 Μωϋσῆς μὲν εἶπεν ὅτι (Acts 3:22) οὗτός ἐστιν ὁ Μωϋσῆς ὁ εἴπας τοῖς υἱοῖς Ἰσραήλ (Acts 7:37) πρῶτος Μωϋσῆς λέγει (Rm 10:19) Μωϋσῆς γὰρ γράφει ὅτι (Rm 10:5) καθὼς κεχρημάτισται Μωϋσῆς (Heb 8:5) 3.5. [Other prphets] say τὸ ῥηθὲν διὰ Ἰερεμίου τοῦ προφήτου λέγοντος (Matt 2:17; 27:9) τὸ ῥηθὲν διὰ ανιὴλ τοῦ προφήτου (Matt 24:15; brief, and frmula inserted) 3.6. Other verbs f speaking, cmmunicatin, etc. γάρ, φησίν (φημί, 1 Cr 6:16, embedded within the qute) ἡ γραφή προευηγγελίσατο τῷ Ἀβραὰμ ὅτι (Gal 3:8) καὶ ἐκλέλησθε τῆς παρακλήσεως (Heb 12:5) διεμαρτύρατο δέ πού τις λέγων (Heb 2:6) Οὐκ ἀνέγνωτε ὅτι, f. by summary, then: καὶ εἶπεν, f. by direct qute (Matt 19:4 5) οὐδέποτε ἀνέγνωτε ὅτι (Matt 21:16) 4. Terse Frmulas and Elliptical Statements [he said:] τό [cmmandments are ] (Matt 19:18) τὸ γάρ [cmmandments are ] (Rm 13:9) τὸ γάρ (Rm 2:24, with καθὼς γέγραπται appended t the qutatin) μενοῦνγε (Rm 10:18) καί (Acts 1:20, cnnecting tw qutes; see under David abve) καὶ πάλιν (Rm 15:11, fllwing καὶ πάλιν λέγει in v 10) καθώς (Gal 3:6) 5. N Frmula r N Qute Matt 7:23; Luke 8:16; Mark 10:68; 2 Cr 10:17; 13:1; Gal 3:11; Heb 10:37 38 [Frmula used, but n specific passage cited, prbably a general summary (nte the plural προφητῶν), ὅπως πληρωθῇ τὸ ῥηθὲν διὰ τῶν προφητῶν ὅτι (Matt 2:23)]